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1979

l i g u r c sp x l n l e dh 1 S p e c i l LF . r c c s .l { r L o \ . s i . k \ l e * \ . N c * C i o $ . L o r d o r . S Fl l ( ) \ F

A cF3r Mof9o hvy'.r fw Fvary anc. UNARMOUFED HORSES:

A cFl F,an( srr kraht po nted he m.t E H i M P d u n h € a 4 q a o o . o e a sb u " . h e d
A CF2 D smounlenFraik:h kn ohr E H r M P oi ! j L d si u a ! € r h € a d\ a l a i L s
A CF3 Kn qhr Hosola ef A cB33 [lora. aui :ai cro$bowmai E H 2 M e d u mF e a , w a k n -read
o
A C F . 1 D 3 n o u i l e dk n q h l H o s o l a e , A cF33a Morqo ad a,y sDea,man E fi2a Med,hvf ras ;bover v&afrs
A CR5 Franksh knohl r.unded helner A cF31 Morao au aiarcher E H: Medum h.aq oa .!nq eos streich.d
A C R 6 D s n o u e d F r e n ts h k n o n t A CB35Tu shar.h€rwlhshec rhoornq E H3a Med ivv ias ;&!.1 iiead varanrs
A CR7 Kn qnl Tcnpe, ihacel
A c R B D s m o u r l € nK r e h l T . m o c r A C F 3 7 D a ya m a r c i e r w t h s r r c d E Hr9 Med!n heaf'.rrad
A C R g X nq h l l e m o € r A CR33 Day am rossbo*man wlh srrec E H l g a M e d u r F : z i " ,n a l . d r r e a d' a r a n r s
A C R 1 0 D s m o u n r e (dn o h l T e m o e r E H 2 0 M e d u , nf . p c " r h e a dv a , e i h
L C R 3 9 S e u q E e o h a n l c r e wD r v e r a r c h e r . E H2r L qhtr.c u.r *a k iq nead varants
A C A 1 2 G e . r g a nA r n a u r h € a r y . : v a r y E Ha7 Lr,ium -.aq ioxii -
d cFr.5. rn E , 1 3M e d u r h e a r ! ; a k n .
A CR13 Cuman rrea!./cavary an... A aRli S. ai M E D I € V A LB A R O E DH O F S E S
A CF4a Sa,a.ef ave nnar c H 1 3 ! ! a k n o h e a nv a r a i l s
A C F r 4 C u m a nh ! } c a v a ^ / A CFls Sa,a.er aieman
A CF15 Cunan i.avary an.e bow shred D Frl Ga op .! ".aa varants
A C8.16 Grhons av€ nman
A CBl6 Cuman h.6. ai.F€,
A C F l r C u m a na v e n m a n D - 2 . r " r r a r- ; iFa.tfr:iG
A cFas Sian Askais heav!,.ava ry an.. D -2r Ha r.d hesd lafenc
A C R 1 3 C t r h a na , c h e rs n o o t n o
A c B l 9 c ! m a n a r . h e rs r r o o l n i
A CR20 Seluq h!,r .ava ry 1Asia,sr en.e OTHEF M€DlEVAL HORSES:
{ lBrr s, 4:rh!r F - 3 i t r r b a r d e di r € a aw a k n o
a ql21 ru om d ^ dlP ns bo* srrPo F -34 Med.ra Renassan.e w r de..,arv.
A C F 5 3 A . r r u b . E q y D ' a "M a r u r r r v ! : r h r -
A C R 2 3A n e . a i hw cavary anceshed I ts2i Fr en Medeva bard-"d

A C R 2 s B . - o o u i q r r lc a v a . y s p € a r & s h e .
A cF26 krrwarsm,anhvyrer hvy.avary l C a 5 5 E q y p r a nA H a q a h q . a ! a r r a-.e U N A R M O U R EP DO N I E S ]
an.e bow shed E H i i S ' e p p eo o n , . a o o n a
A CF27 Khwarsnar vy.avary en.e A cF56 MamukA Haoarvvcavaary ance. E Hr2 S,eppepo4r ;,r I nq
MEOIEVAF L U L L YA R M O U B E DH O R S E S :
A 0F23 Xhwarsmaa no6€ ar.rrer A CF57 Toassn hvy cavary an.e. Mw shed
A CFl29 Monqo ho,se arcrre, :n.e bow A cR53 Oa,aOhuadshvy.avary anc. 5.w. D H33 M anese warlrq
D H34 Gotr. wa(nd
A CF30 MongorFo6e arche. A CFag Sudanes. arf,",

NOTES RE CRUSADERFANGE:
--o. .- " 1
or- " D:"oe- 0. ine
'" "- i per 'n lvh 'h mak's 1r\s huqecruider aiqe a mun ro'h. se'ols ?aiqame, ard
lj";:[::ii:"

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 VANGAiIET Contents
lllurilralerl Pag€
14 GaryKearleJ D€stroy Mirus

As mostofyou will realise,nextmonthis ourihird anniversary. 16 Photofeatu.e Four demo. gamesat Partian !90
(No cardsplease.) 20 Ianwilsotl A.A.Man sevc! Marlborough
Societyof Ancientsmemberswill perhapsthereforeremem- at Blenhein!!
ber that this month is the third anniversaryof the disgraceful Awat|ona Holi.la!C.nneEpon
att€mpt by an unscrupulousrival publisher,aware of our 24 Richidwntson Th€ Grest White Fleet
imminent publication,to coerce the Society into publishing in Aneolf 201hCentut!NavalSenono
their joumal, Slingshot,a letter slurnng us. The Societyof 30 Stephed Th€ [rench campaign in Eg'pt,
Ancients,recognising that that publisher'slettercontainednot Ed€-Bonett l79E-tEOt
coercion Pafl : Th.urifow ofttetunchAm,
onlylies,but alsolibels,wiselyandnoblyresistedthat
On€ewl began to appear the matler died away. 34 TedBrown We are lhe troysf.om handlwana!
wat4Menn6JottheArqla-ZuluWat of 1879
So, a birthday thank you'to the Society. Sometimes
wargamers haveto fight battlesthat donl involvetoy soldiersl 40 PaulChamberlein Fmm Tabletop to R€ality, Part Three
,|4 lanweekley A Chitral Wakhlo$er
SUBSCRIPTIOII tor 12 issuesof Wargames llluslrated TheKhoiaolcatpeni! o^ke N.w.F.
are!19 inlhelJ.K. 46 GarryB.oon& Battl€ ofsonderhausen
Europe& restof Worldsurtace:f21.Restof Wo d ailmail:f35. JohnBoadle WoryMinqt^e SevenY.oRWatBal1k
BACK U BERS Allissueslrom#4 arestillavailable at 49 AlrnBuckland A Multi-plsyer€d! many-hbl€d, umpne-
ql.70 eachDosloaid.
& the Kriegsspi€led,'NastyNorm{ns Baih
Backnumborc ofouroccasional soecialextraoublication EssexWarriors Bjzantines' Gamewilh I.M.V.'d W.R.G
Warcames Wofldarealsoslillavailable: Nos.2,3,4:t2.40
post-paid.No.5€1.70postpaid. 53 ClassifedAds
BIIIDERS forwargameslllustlated (capacity12issues).
NEW!Binderslor warcamesworldalsonowavailable, Same
capacity,saheprice.Poslpaidp ces:
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F oIn! JTRATAGEI PUEIICATIOIIS lTD.,
SENTRYBOX
| 8 Lov.rr Lne. Xcu.rk. Xctla.IHZ| | Hz, 55a CHAPELHILL,MORLEY,IEEDS.
Club
Sou$ EastScotlandUFargames Completerangesof Dixon,

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DISPI.AYS
INAOENS Front cover photo: F/encftttoops moveinrr Bbnheim vilk4e al
I||0llElLlllc& the WargamesHolidal Centrcrcfrght. SeeIan Wikon's view ol
SGTEGEflfito & PAltffl c eventsthrouqh (EnBIi:h) rosecolourcd glatseson page20 - and
srltTASYGAlttS c0HPEnn0ffi rcad about Rich Msdder's sticky moment:!
Back cover(top\: TheAkmo underattack! Troopsarcfrom the
8N G&8UYSALE Diton Miniatures25mm. range,painted by Nick "The Drcans-
mith" Reynolds(seea* on p.tt). The Alamo is the one
i LtTtBYlftoo[ls "rcvisitei" bj lan Weekleyin one of the last le&allypublished

PIf,TIGIPITIOX itenLtol ow oA nagazine (Decenber, '86). London waryanel

PUEI.IG Nick Fuuet is theprcud oh'nerof thi, bit of Texanrcal estote,and
GAIIIES
he'sprcni:ed us an arnde in the neat [aturc.
Back cover (below): Morc troops ftom the brush of Nick
Reyoldr, $'ho's obriously not a Daydrcansmnh. TheseDiton
Miniaturcs 25mm Grand A iancefigurcs arc unifomed as he
SATURDAY loam-4€Opm
OPEI' Friesheim ReBt.of the Dutch Army, and arc bound for the
co ection of Streden's" tu Watgaming", Gotua Stand.
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MD ltElian EHC Knight
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l4
DESTROYMIRUS
A WWllScenario
by Gary Kearley
BACKGROUND
It's early 1942 and whilst the main British war effort is
concentnted in North Africa and the Far East, plansare being
drawn up for a strike against mainland Europe, before
Germanycan completethe building of her Atlantic Wall
defences.The Allied High Commandhave chosena landing in
FrancebetweenSt. Malo and Granville(seemap 1).
It therefore €omesas an unpleasantsurprisewhen London
receivesrepons that four massivenavalgunshaveanived in St.
Malo, for transportationto the ChannelIslandswherea new
powerfulbattery0ater to be namedBatteryMIRUS) is to be
built. The establishmentoI such a battery, would clearly
jeopardiseany operationsin the Golfe de St. Malo andasthe
invasion cannot be brought forward the decision is made to
destroythe batteryat the earliestopportunity.
ENCLISH
,/,/,/////
NOTTO SCALE
THE GUNS
ln 1914,twelve30-5cmgunswerecastat the Obuchovfoundry
in Russiafor the Dreadnolughr Impenor Aleksande!ll, After
a short but eventful life, the ship, which was commissionedin
1917,cameto be abandoned in Bizertain 1921andwasfinally
brokenupin 1935with the sunsbeingsoldby the French(who
had held the ship in lieu of the repaymentof loansmadero
TsaristRussia)in Finland.
Eightof the gunsreachedFinland,but the final4 only got as
far as Norwaybefore the Winter War betweenFinlandand
Russiaended.The gunsremainedin Norwegianwatersunril
theywerecapturedwhenthe Germansanivedin April, 1940.
Their potential for conveEion to a coastaldefencerole was
immediatelyrecognisedand they were sent to Krupp for
refurbishmentand for the constructionof suitablemountinss
beforebeingshipped on lo St.Malo.Wlrenerenrually inslallA
thegunswouldhavea rangeof over5lkm, nore thansufficient I playedthe game solo, with all German movementbeing
to offer protectionto a long stretchoI the Fienchcoasrline. pre-programmed.
TTIE ATTACK
Newsanives in early March 1942that the first of the foul guns
hasleft St. Malo, boundfor Guemsey.A bombingraid on tbe
battery site is quite out of the questionasthe civilian population
hasto be protectedat all costs.(TheyareBritishsubjectsafter
all!) With the successof the recent paratroops'attack on
Brunevalin Francestill ftesh in the mind, it is decidedthat
paratroopswill be usedagainstthe new battery in the Channel
Islands.
Intelligencefrom Guemseyfishermensuggeststhat St. Peter
Port theonlyharbourcapable ofhandlingsuch a hugeload-is
too heavilydefended,as is the batterysite itself. The only
optior left is to attack the gun on its joumey from harbour to
battery site. The destruction of the gun, its specially built
[ansporter (with 24 pairs of steerablewheels) and the road
itself (the only practical route) being consideredsufficient to
delay the establishment of the battery long enoughfor the
Tbe drop is to be at night, under coverof a heavyaerial
bombardment on the no(hermostChannelIslandofAldemey.
This islandhasbeenvery heavily fortified by the Germans,who
have convenientlyevacuatedthe vast majority of the local
populace.
The paratroops will hideup duringthe day,attackthegunas
it passestheir positionsin the late aftemoon,andthenmakea
fighting withdrawal to the south coast, where they will
rcndezvouswith a subnarine soon after dark, It is not
anticipatedthattherewill bemuchofan escortwith thegun,but
Gennan reinforc€mentscan be expectedfrom the nearby
airfieldGeemap 2) almostas soonas the fightingstarts.
\ AIRFIELD
'--
3 -*L^-""urn
i'.
THE GAME
The table was set up as per Map 3, being
mainlyflat, but with highhedgesliningthe road.(Anyonewho ( , R ( ) \t l ) \ r ( ) \ I | r H , \ l
hasholidayedin Guemseywill know that a geat manyofthe
roadsare 'sunken'.)[t will be notedthat the roadis not in the
c€ntrc of th€ table, thus giving more room for the fighting
withdrawal.The gun,movingalongthe roadftom ght to left,
travelsat walkingpace,which enablesthe British to choose \l\|\Pll\'
their momeflt.
To win, the British have to destroy the gun and its
transporter, blowaslargea holein theroadaspossibleandthen
retire off the southemedgeof the boardin goododer. The
terain leading down to the beacheshom here is difficult and
wouldbe easilydefended, enablingtheparatroopentoholdout
until nishtfalland rescue.
FORCES
Bitish forces consistedof 20 figures armed with a variety of andduring this period the fiIst tank, a Char B arrivedbehindthe
personalweaponsbut including a mortar team and two PIAT now smokingruios of the patrol and a further patrol consistiflg
anti-tank guns. These should be powerful enough as most of a Kettenrad and lorry arrived at the crossroadsfrom the
Germanarmourin the ChannelIslandswasall but obsolete, nonh. Comingto a halt in the middle of the crcssroads the
consistingmostlyof capturedFrenchChar B's (redestnated cermansdebussed and threatenedboth the demolitionparty
Pzktu Bl) and RenaultFTl?'s. and the PIAT team, the latter now facedby enemyon both
Totat Ge.man forcesavailablewere2 of eachtank t}?e, 20 to flanks. Once agarnthe mortar came to the r€scue,forcing the
30 infantry(319thInf. Div. from 7th Army Group), together Germansinto coveruntil paratroopssupportingthe PIAT were
with a smallescortof guardsand enginee^with the gun. ableto maketheir way behindthe large houseand into the
Theseforcesappearedin a predeterminedorder, but subject
Germanrear.After two missesthe CharB wasbreweduP,the
to a diceroll whichcouldmakeindividualelements arriveearly, PIAT teamshowingheroicdevotionto duty. No soonerhadthis
late or not at all. Having saidthat, I arrangedfor a passing threatbeenneutralised thanawoFT17\ arrivedfrom the same
motorisedpatrol to anive at the scenevery soonafter the attack
begins, forcing the British to defend the ambush site until At this point the gun and transporterwere blown up and the
demolitionwork hasbeencompleted. Britishde€idedit wastimeto go.Theretreatwascoveredby the
Various 'chance cards'were also prepared,which in my mortar,the valiantPIAT crewand a smallrearguardthat had
refightled to a lone Germanon a bicyclealmostspringingthe beenleft behindon the roadsouthftom the crossroads for just
ambushearlywhenhe discovered the Britishlyingin waitwhen thatDurDose. The Germanswerein a stateof shockandtheloss
he went behindthe hedgeto answera call of nature! of one of the FI17's wasenoughto end the pursuit.
Figuresandvehiclesusedwerea mixture of Airfix, Malchbox TheBdtishhadachieved theirobjective,just, with thelossof
andEsciwith a scratchbuilt gunandtranspo(andthe gamewas
10ofth€ir20men.Gennanlossesamountedto3tanks,6other
played using the rules from the book Operation watuoard. infantryaodof coursethe gunandits
vehicles,3 engineers,22
Theserules are simple enoughto give a fast game,but include
sections on demolitionandsurprise, bothof whichareessential IJ you haveneverheardof the MIRUS Batteryor of a battle
to this scenario. beingfoughtin the ChannelIslandsthen readon . . .
Thegamecouldbe extended to covertheparachute dropand
the movementof the troopsto the ambushsitethroughwhatis
friendly,butenemyoccupied,territory.ThiscouldinvolvePure HISTORICALNOTE
mapmovementor evena role play in the mouldof DurSeors In realitytheChannellslandswerefartoo welldefendedforany
andDragons.ln my rcfight I startedwith the British Paratroops seriousmilitary operationsby the Allies apart from the
in positionand waiting- occasional bombingraidon the harbourat St. PeterPon anda
couDleofsmallscale Commando oDerations-butthat'sanother
artiale!Itwasalsofelt that anyatt;mpt to retakethe Islandsby
THE GAME PLAYED forcewouldput the civilianpopulationat too greata riskanda
Asexpe€ted it wasaveryclos€runthing.TheBritishchosetheir decisionwasmadeat a veryearlystageto leavethe Idandsuntil
momentwell and the leadinghalf-trackwashit by the PIAT aftertheGermanforceshadbeendefeated in mainlandEurope.
mid-waybetweenthe two southemroads,completelyblocking There was, to my knowledge,no Plan to invade France
the main road. A hail of fire from the paratroopeE light throughthe Golfe de St- Malo, but it wasto coveijust sucha
weaponstook careof half the escortand engineers,but the possibilitythai the MIRUS Batterywasconstructed. The story
remainineguards foughtbacksurprisingly well considedng the of the Germanoccupationof the Islands,the building and
shock of thb suddenattack and the British beganto take sightingo{the MIRUS battery,the historyofthe gunsandthe
casualties.The engineers disappeared backup the roadwhence routetakenfromtheharbourto the batterysightis all true.The
theyhadcome,followedby theofficerin hisstaffcar,although restispurefiction,andwhethersuchan attackonthe gunswas
the machinegunmount€din the staffcar did greatdamageas Dracticalis oDento seriousdoubt.
the denolitionteammovedtowardsthe strandedtransporter.
Just as demolilionbeganthe roving patrol, consistingof a
Kubelandlorry full of troops,arrivedfrom the directionof the BIBLIOGRAPI{Y
ai ields.Fortunatelythe secondPIAT hadbeenpositionedfor Ititlert Fonreis lslard - Carel Toms
just suchan eventualityand two quick shotsdestroyedboth Islands in Danger - Alzn wood and Mary SeatonWood
vehicles.The Germansin the lorry piledout andthreatened to The Silent war - Frank Falla
'Mirus': The naking of a Brttery - Colin Partridge and John
overrunthe PIAT, but the timelyafldaccurateinterventionof
the mo ar team in th€ farm savedthe day. Wallbridge
Work continuedon the demolition(3 turnsbeingrequired) ChannelIslands Occupied- Richard Mayne
F(),rpl'.1ureJo'.c:l',.'5,ll,.rc.?,l,\tl:lrlshoi\'Pl|tjzan'9()'A?)oic;llit.1s/,,l./Jf',(,,5l/:ll,i)'.el']..sli(cdb].l'f
Runltonlot thc Ctintsbr $irgnnes a7ub.,rs^rdd br l(rr al,:rdburr..o/Ra\cnthorpcnlini:ttutc!.

. \ h t \ t : ( l n h a D t ( i r r n l r - ! s, r r ( l ( i r r 1 l , r r \ / r J . J t r . ! 0 / r r ^ f d r , r r . i J . ! r f . , 1 /r\r rr., rt r,/' Arr..'i,rir.. r)i. r..,rrr

$r: r/k'llrrr.,)/ rr llt\ . Htk l).tn^h I'1\)lttll rrr /^./ \/,r. fi, \
 1i

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Ab,1.r1,da)t.jrrt.,nltheDLfirtn$:nltncrtputo,this:5nrnACll!aD1.u\it1!OldGlor\'tiru..srio,n.reI-I.S.l
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Ttcc\ t. ntxiil\ oltl Btnins..\Io.c ptcrs,' du. iDnr'.
18

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 21
CuttsandGuy becameLord Orkney.Thiswasfollowedbythe
plan of battle itself, which after much debate essentially
followedthat of Marlboroughon the day. (Greatmindsthink
NO REST FOR
alike?)Onthe left, facingBlenheim,wasCuttswith the British
Foot column,sometwenty-onebattalionsof line. grcnadieF
and guard infantry supportedby sevenbattalionguns,three
THE RAIDER!
field guns and three regimentsof Horse. This force was to MONEBOOKS FORTEEDISCERNING READER!
advanceon a narrowftont, acrossthe marshyRiverNebel,in
two lines, with the left protectedby the uncrossable River Gttbet.lslands Canpatgn, 1943 f3.30
Danubeandthe rightby the restof thearmy,againstBlenheim. Irnpetial Infantry, -
1691 U 14 tl.lu
The advanceto be proceeded by the deploymentofthe Horse Imperlal Gvalry, I 591-1714 f3.30
andfield gunsoverthe first bridgeto givecoveingfire. Onthe
centreleft were the Danish and Dutch Foot of lngoldsby's
command,sometwenty-fivebattalionsof line, grenadierand
guardinfantrysuppo(edby onefieldgun.Thisforce,underthe
AT IAST!
generalsupervision ofMarlborough,wasto advance acrossthe The Dutch Afmy of Wtlltam III €5.45
Nebel, betweenthe first and secondbridges,to supportthe DantshArmy 1699-1714 83.2s
attackof Cutts.The centreof the British line. concentrated
aroufld Unterglau,was comprisedof Bulow's Horse, eight AIL PRICESINCLUDEPOSTAGE
reginentsofBritish, DutchandHessiancavalryunderthejoint & PACKING
supervision ofMarlboroughandOrkney,with ordersto protect
and screenthe advanceof the centreFoot columns.On the PLEASESENDAN S.A.E.FOR OUR
centrerightwasOrkney'scommandoftwenty-twobattalionsof FULL BOOKLIST
British, Prussian.Hessianand BrunswickFoot supportedby
tr{o battaliongunsand threefield guns,plus anothersix field
gunsdeployedbehindthem on a largehill. This forcewasto Note onf neur address:
advanceacrossthe Nebel betweenthe third bridgeand the
streamend,wheelpastOberglau,andattacktheFrenchc€ntre. RAIDER GAMES
The right of the alliedline underthe solecornmandofEugene
had the difficult taskof neutraiisingOberglauand preventing
12OAPOTTERNEWTON TANE.
any Frenchturningmovementdevelopingfrom Lutzingen.In LEEDStS7 3DA
orderto achievethisthesixregiments of Austriancavalrywere
deployedon the far right, while the eighteenbattalionsof
PrussianFoot we{e deployedin and aroundthe woodsfacing
Oberglau-Finallythe British dispositions werecompletewith Blenheim.This resultedin whatto observers musthavebeena
the deployment ofRantzau'ssevenreginentsofBritish cavalry highlyamusingsor.ovoceexchange betweenMarlboro gh and
as a hidden reservebehind the cenlre hills, awaitingMarl, Cuttsalongthe linesof:
borough'scommand.With all this conplerethe British team 'Just what the hell do you think you are doing?"
adjournedto thehotelbarwhereinformaldrinkingandchatting What you ordered!"
continueduntil nidnight. Indeedone of the greatbenefitsof "It's nothinglike itl I said,put the cavalryover first . . . !"
Centre holidaysis the opportunityfor leisurelyafter-garne etc., etc. Suchan exchangewas not helpedby the jubilant
chattingin reasonable surroundings, a luxuryusuallyunavail- Tallardcrowing:"Theseare greatrulesMike," ashis artillery
ableat conventionsand the like. blewyetanotherholein the Britishline. FortunatelyMikewas
lt wasa cold Saturdaymorningthat greetedthe Anglo and too distractedby his malfunctioningmobile phoneto notice,
Frenchcontingents, but followinga cookedbreakfastthe two confirmingat lastthatthe daysof the Yuppieareover.Moving
campsset off for the centre to be greetedby Mike and the alongthe Britishlinethe DanishandDutchFootweremaking
battlefieldof Blenheimlaid out on twenty-ninefoot by lifteen slightlybetter progressover the stream,despitethe artillery
fool of sculptured wargamesteffain. Withoutfurtherado,other nre, andhadmanagedto form a first lineofbattle. The centre
than to moanabout the cold ("sorry ladsthe healerhasjust cavalryhadcrossed the streamandbddgesquicklyandseenoff
pack€dup") the British set out their forces,pausingonly to the weakcavalryoppositionfron Maninh commandandwere
admirethe figure painting,especiallythe spectacularly ani- now awaitingthe infantry to nove up in order to launcha
matedcommandstands,and to ponderon the fact that maps co-ordinated atta€k.Orkney'sinfantryhadmadegoodprogress
andthe real thing are not necessarily the same!Followingthis in the faceofstubbomBavarianandFrenchresistance, buithe
the Frenchconductedone free moveto marchfrom their two Irish Brigade at Oberglau had proven themselvesalmost
separated camps(one French,one Bavarian)on the baseline immovableandthe attackwasin dangerof faltering,especially
towardthe battle,followingwhichsimultaneous movementand as the massedBritish anillery on the hill had provedto be
firingcontinuedin the normalmanner.A fullday'swargaming singularlyineffective.On the right Eugenehad followedhis
then passedalmostin a blur as the playersset to; the British ordersperfectly, holdingup the Elector\ advancebrilliantly,
attemptingloscramble acrosstheNebelandtheFrenchto form onespectacular massedcavalrymel€efinallybeingresolvedin
a decentlineofbattle, so that whentime wascalledat sixp.m. his favou after the rolling of forty-two (yes42!) dice in one
surprisewasthegeneralexpression on thefacesof theotherwise roundof combat,
exhausted commanders. Unfortunatelyfor Eugenehowever,his braveactionshad
In brief, the Iirst day'sfiehtinghadseenCuttsstrugglevery effectivelycost him his entire conmand and after pleading
slowlyover the marshyNebel(a one averagedie reductionin unsuccessfully for the cavalryreserveto rescuehim, he lapsed
speedon a unit for everymovespentin the streammadethisa into a semi-coherent conversation with Mike, about "getting
long and unpredictabletask) in the face of someaggressiveinto elephants"which ranged from Clive back to Hannibal.
Frenchcounter-attacking by dismounteddragoonsand other Saturdayeveningwasa time for quietr€flectionoverdinner
Foot and extremelyheary artilleryfire from the hill flanking on the subjectoI where to commit the reservecavalry.A
 22

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WORLDWIDE MAIL ORDERSERVICE
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LISTS.
FREIKORPS 15, 25 PrincetownRoad, Bangor,
Co. Down BT20 3TA, Nonhern Ireland.

IYhen replying to adverts please mention lVargames lllustrated.

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decisionwas finally taken by Marlboroughto commit it first
thing on Sundaymoming againstthe exposedFrenchcentre
wherethe two commands hadfailedto meetandtum in on the
Frenchight wing in the hopeof crushingit againstCuttswho WARGAMES
was to ignore Blenheimand swing right. This having been
decidedthe Bdtish contingentundertook a sojoum into RESEARCHGROUP
Scarborough in searchof a decentpub.The answertothisquest
was,asthe old handsaheadysuspected, ThereAre No Decent WRG prend pari a I'avancevers 1992 en proposanta nos
Pubsln Scarborough!, and so at closingtime we joined the all'€s francophoDes des regles de jeu de guere en franqais.
Frenchcontingentin the hotelbai for furtherrefreshments and REGLES DE JEU D'HISTOIRE
a f€w gamesof'Passthe Pigs',a somewhateruditegamefor AVEC FIGURINES
whichthereis no placein thisarticlefor explanation,although 3000 Av. J.-C A 1485 Ap. J.-C
Eugenefound the idea of playingit againsttwo policemen
highly amusinglEventually Marlborough left his staff to lceite Dublicaton€st la seul€lradu.iion aulonsdede la 7me €dition
continuethe revelry into the small hours with Eugeneand de. reql'<
- IVRCpourldDtrhe dncPnne.Le 'oDwqnt '* pr.pg-tr',
a ; Bibl'o'\?oJeNatonaeBiorriorie
Tallard aboutto start upon an inponed Germanbeercalled
'Elephant'! Prix 15.00
Sundaymomingdawnedbright and clear, (perhapsa little FEisde [@non:
too brightandclearfor one or two?) andwe proceeded to the GraideBretagne - ajouterl0% (5lp ninimuiu
Al'itangei parvoiedesudace alouler155:paraliona,outersO% 150p minimum)
carsfor a prompt start.Not quite!TheElector'scardecidednot
Reslement par cane de cdd VISA. Canebkue. Ac6' Eur@rl€. l4drerad:
to surt andno amountof pushing,junp-startingandshouting ManddPonallitemaional (lMO): pd Euro.hdque. chdque bancane en londs
would persuadeit otherwise.LeavingAndrew to ponderhis stslng trc surunebanquebnhnniquei ou liquid€
nextstepthe Scimitarcontingentclimbedinto their car to find Pour re(evotr dps ren.prgnemenL".urno, dub,, publrdtio-s
that althoughit starred,no gearscould be engaged!Further envoyer deux coupons-reponreinl€marionalrou pn!plopp"
investigation underneaththe vehiclerevealedwhatlookedlike tmbre, pour r6pon)e (bmbrespo{, anqlais)a
the gearboxdrive shafthangingon the road! Utter disaster,a
battlein the balanceand a new car knackered! Wargames Research Group,
"Looks like we needthe AA then," saidPete. The Keep, Le Marchant Barracks, London Road,
"I'n not in the AA," said Richard. D€vizes, Wiltshir€, SN10 2ER, Grande Bretagne
"Christl' saidI, helpfully. Tet (0380) 724558
However,all was not lost. An ingeniousplan was devised Conditions de ventecommerciale sur demande.
wherebyPetewoulduse hiscardtocallouttheAA andpretend
the car washisl Phonecallswerethenmadeto the AA andto
Mike to relate the dhaster and we settled down for the
inevitablelong wait. But incredibly.within fony minutesthe
AA Inan had anived diagnosedthe fault, ("Happensall the
tirnelo thismodel,it\ just the splitpin. ') repairedthe carand
then noved on to son out Andrew! So off we spedto the
Centre,singingthepraisesofthe AA whenPetesaid,"Actually
KEEP
WARGAMING
PaulandTeresa Bailey
ladsI've jusl noiicedIny cardhasexpired!1" Hurrahfor British ffi
bureaucratic inefficiency! _:' 4.....r,. r^^.r^nBoad,
Et!5gF : - -t::.:-j ._-*.1-:::t---_
It wasa jubilant Marlborcugh,Eugeneand Cuttsthen that ffie Devizes, Wiltsh ire,_S^N 102ER,UK
gallopedlateontotheElenheimbattlefieldnuchtothereliefofiEEISE*:E rer tuJdu, /z45iit
a beleaguered Orkney r'hecavalryreservehadthankfullybeen +.rffi/En
committedasagreedandsothe batdewason,with the Elector
alsorejoininghis commanda little after the others. We shallbe at the followinoshowsin rhe nearfuture;
The secondday'sfightingIvasasfastandfuriousasthe first
andonceagainwhentimewascalledat fourp.m. all the players
weresurprised.Again in brief, on the Britishleft C'rttsfinally 15th/16thSep Armageddon/Coloure,Feading
sawall histroopsacrossthe saream andbeganto determinedly
pushbackthe enemy,culminatingin the abandonment of the 29th/30thSep Skirm'sh, Chippenham
Bridge Cenire
artilleryhill by the French.lngoldsby'sDutchandDanishspent
the day exchanging fire with their Frenchoppositenumbers,
OFFICIALMINIFIGSSTOCKIST
whichpinnedthe FrenchFoot at the bouomofthe hill, butleft Figurcs
the alliedFootexhausted andunableto presshomethe attack. M r n € l u r eF r o u r i n e sA: | 1 5 m ma n d r o s l 2 5 m m ' a n s e s& F a l P a n h a
The reserveHorseperformedwonderfully.Sweepiflgaway the Heroics& Fos tioures & BoundwavMiniarur$ all lrou.e tarqps
D i r o n s M i n r d i u r € sA-l l 1 5 m m& 2 5 m h r a n s e s ,M L B - s e l e c r erda i s e s
FrenchHorsernovedup to opposethem, they endedthe day Triion. Davco& Firefiohl- selened rdna6s.
poisedto swoopdownon the flanksand rearof the dght wing N,war & N,ismith- selecredranoea
FrenchFoot. Orkney'scommandmade no further progress. Books& Ruls
With Oberglaustill holdingout stubbomlyand its own right waroamgs R8sedrchCroupj TabletopG.mesj Newbury Rules,
oiirrey Me. ar A'ns, Elite: vansuird & campdisn seres:
only weaklyprotect€dby the remnantsof Eugene'sforce, a Faiderj [r.O D, Gamesj A.sch uss; Acl ve Saaice Press;
musketryduelwith theoppositionwastheonly courseof action plus selectedthl€sfrom many other publishers,
left. With this, tirnewascalledby Mike and the adjudication Temi. & Mod€l Buildinss
wasa very nanow victoryfor the British,althoughwith rather hreoralrersih; K&M Tr€esj Hovelskesin), [ra nlv Military keshl;
Hsrdcov€rD6sign{card)i DraperModels {15mm \apoleonic
heavierlossesthan the real event.
All that then remainedwas to pack awaythe tloops, say
-6.Otphl. VISAandACLEssa@ep4d
farewelhto fellowplayers,thankMike for a splendidweekend ShopopenTues-Sath O.Ooam
and speedoff downthe Ml to home.
When replying to adverts please urention Wargames trlustrated.
24

THEGREATWHITEFTEET
by Richard S.G. Watson

*THE IMMIGRATION WAR" Japanese pressureat seaby givingin at home.The clamouron

the WestCoastto havethe fleetto protectthemleft Roosevelt
In July 1905U.S. Secretaryof War, William H. Taft, visited with little choice.On August8th, 1907,the Presidentmadea
JapanesePremier, Marquis Taro Katsura.Discussingtheir definitiveslatement:the fleet wouldsailto the Pacific,via the
countriesrelationship in the light ofJapanhrecentvictoryover Straitof Magellan,as soon as possible.Roosevelthopedthe
Russia,KatsuraaffimedJapanhadno anbitionsregardingthe publicannouncement andthestressplacedon the non military
Philippines, takeninto U.S. controlin 1898,whileTaft gavede natureofthe cruisewouldreassure th€ Americanpublicandat
facto recognitionof Japanesecontrol of Korea. Katsura's the sametime allay Japanesehostility which could only be
suggestionof a formal allianc€betweenJapanand Britain deepenedby secrecyand martialannouncements.
(alreadyalliesundertheir 1902treaty)and the United States The returnfuomthe Chinastationoflhe U.S. PacificFleet\
wasdeclined,asit requiredSenateassent:but Taft agr€edthe FirstDivision,the armouredcruisersACR5 USSlyesl yirgirra
U.S.wouldactasifalreadyundertreatyobligationwiththe two (flagshipof Rear Adniral Dayton), ACRT USS Colorado,
Powers.There seemedat that t;me no conflictof interestto ACR8 USSMarylatd andACR4 USSPetrslvaria, although
clord American-Japanaese relations. orderedon June 27th, was not executedwith any urgency.
However,growingalarm lhat Japanese influencein China Daytonwasnot toldofthe politicalnatureofthe decision.only
might excludeAme can business,and increasingfeals that that it wasa tacticalorderto unitehisshipswith RearAdrniral
Orientalimmigrationinto CalifomiawouldundercutAmerican Sebree\ cruisersACRll USS waslirgtor and ACR10 USS
workers,underminedthisgoodwill.The Japanese peoplewere Terressee.which were to form a SecondDivisionwith the
deeplyoffended,and her governmentreactedsharplywhen ACR6 USS Califonra and ACRg USS South Dakota. afrer
Japanesechildrenin Californiawere forcedto attendsegre- theseshipstmnsferredto the Pacific.Dayton,who had been
gated schoolsfor'Mongolians'. Ifl May 1907riots against grantedanaudience with theEmperorwhenhissquadron paida
Japanese immigntion broke out alongthe U.S. WestCoast. cordialvisitto Japanin Mayplanneda normalreturnvoyagevia
The gutterpresshysterically predictedthe outbreakof war and CaviteandYokohama.This routewasnot queriedbylhe Navy
whippedup racialfeNour and anti-Japanese feelingwith the Departmentin spiteoflhe crisis,thoughtheyhadfiveweekslo
prospectof their fleet attackingthe U.S., while moreserious do so.Daytonthereforesenthiscollier,th€Alexarder,to awail
newspapers ran articleson Japanese imperialismand expan- himinYokohama. Hisshipswerealreadyninetymiles€nroute
sionism,questioningwhether,after successive victoriesover to Japanon August10thwhena lers€message from lhe Navy
China and Russia,the Philippineswould not be their next Departmentorderedhim to saildirectlyto Hawaii.By thistime
objective. the A.iexarderwas alreadyin Japan,and with no olher coal
At the heightofthescare,on June19th.1907.theNew york available,Dayton could not make Hawaii from hh presenl
Hera.ldreported theGen€ralBoardofthe Navywasconsideringpositionwithoutrefuelling.Reluctantly,the Na\T Department
sendinglhe U.S. baltlefleetfrom its normal station in th€ authorisedh;s visit, and he sailedinto Yokohamaon August
Atlantic to the Pacific.In fact PresidenlTheodoreRoosevelt 17th. 1907.
hadordereda contingency plan to be drawnup in response to Ar midnighr on Augu\l l8lh. whilecoaling$asin pro8res
the deterioratingsituation, although he regardedwar as aboad west viryinia and Colondo, a U.S. Marinelookout
unlikelyat thattime.TheJapanese, however,raisedtensionby spottedunknownsmallvessels closingon the anchoredships.
responding angrilyto lhesereports,makingil clearthat sucha Thewamingcameloo late- Japanese torpedoboatsopenedfir€
movewouldbe regardedas deeplyhostileto Japa.- On June on the stationaryAmericancruis€rsar point blankrange.The
27thRooseveltdiscussedthe worsening crisiswith hisadvisors. U.S.shipscouldnot depress theirgunsenoughto engage them.
He did not want war, and tendedto regard the Japanese Therewas no needfor the artillery ashoreor the battleships
governmentls utterances asdiplomaticposturingralherrhana Asariand Snrk'br,rrr,waitingin support,to riskfiring into the
nilitary threat.However,he wasnot preparedao allowJapan to harbour.Weslyr'rgirrawasstruckfour iimesandcapsized;the
dictateU.S. navaldeployment.He agreedto arrangefor large Colorado,strucktwice,settledbur waskeptafloaiby hercrew,
suppliesofcoal to beshippedto SubicBayinthePhilippines, for who usedtheAle.xarderasa pontoon.The Mary.lardexploded
coastalgunsto be movedtherefrom Cavite,andfor the four aftersevenhits; the Perrsylvarrasankafterfive hits.With no
U.S.armouredcruiserscurrentlyin the Pacificro withdrawto liberty grantedand every sailor aboard,the casualiies were
the WestCoast.Finally.the battlefleerwasorderedto transf€r t€rrible lwo thousandAmericanskilled and fifleenhundred
ro the Pa€ificsometime in October-The translerwas to be captured,including Dayton, arresredas h€ lefi the u.s.
characterised as a routinepracti€ecruise,in an effort to calm Embassyaftera diplomaticfunction.Therecouldbe no doubt
the Japan€se. that the U.S. and JaDanwere at rvar.
T}]e New York Henld was filst wilh the news once more-
reportingonJulylsr thatsixteenbaltleships andtwo armoured
cruisenwerelo be sentvia the Straitof Magellan.The White HISTORICAL NOTE
Housedeni€dthe reports,but Japan\ ambassador. Viscount The eventsin thisscenarjoarefactual,andonly a few changes
Acki, madeir quile clearthat Japanregardedthis as a direct havebeenmadeto makeit 'woik'as an openingto a wargarne.
challenge, andhisd€claration tooktheformofan ultimatum if Tafr's meetingwith Katsuraand rhe eventsof the 1907'war
the cruisetakesplace,Japanwill confrontthe Americanfleel. scare'took place. the newspaperreports appeared,and
Tensionin the U.S. increasedwhen imrnigrationfiguresfor Rooseveltdid order contingencyplans{or movementof ihe
May and June showeda narked increaseover the previous U.S. baxlefleet1othe Pacificasdescribed.To bepinwilh this
year, fuelling demandsthat the U.S. should not bow to ro reas,urewe\r Coasropinionaridcountera
 25

possibleJapanese thrcat, but as the 'scare'provedto be just U.S. DEPLOYMENT

that, it developedinto an exerciseto demonstratethat the
problemfacingthe U.S. fleetwasthe supplyofcoal-
AtlanticbasedU.S. fleetcouldbetransferedtothePacific,and The nain
eventuallyexpandedinto a full blownworld cruise.Known as The Navy lacked suitable fleet colliers and had to rely
the "Greal Wlite Fleef', it set sail from Hampton Roads on substantially on charteredforeignvesseh,a fact whichcaused
concem during contingency planning.During the cruiseofthe
December l6th, 1907, visiting ports in South America,
AustraliaandJapan,voyaginghomeviatheIndianocean,Suez Great White Fleet these shipsdid not alwaysarriveontime,and
stays at various stop-over ports sometimes had to be extended
Canal and Straitsof Gibraltar,retuming to the U.S.A. on
fleet cruiseeverundertaken accordingly. Many of the colliers were British, which would
February22nd,1909.The longest
up to that time, it establishedthe U.S. as a leadingworld almost certainly have been unavailable in the event of war with
seapower andexerteda strongbut benig:n diplomaticinfluence Japan. To what extent Britain would have intervened to help
whereveritwent, in th€ dayswhensucha voyag€mightstill be her ally is uncenain: warwith the U.S. wouldcertainlyhave not
pageantry. been out of the question,althoughfor the purposesof this
regardedas no morethan naval
This scenariois basedon Japanese beuigerencetowardsthe scenao measures stoppingshort of aciualconflicthavebeen
U.S. whichdid not appearfor someyears,andunderatesthe
goodsenseandj udgement of TeddyRoosevelt. The 'scare'was The actual itinerary of the U.S. battleshipswas fairly
lareely a product of press induced hysteria, and the President leisurely, the Fleet'sspeedof elevenknots intendedto conserve
neverexpected war. He actuallydescribed demandsto prevent coal. Even so, on someofthe longerstagesthe older,smaller
Japanese immigrationas "foolish", andhadthe discriminatory bunkered and lesscoalefficient shipsfound themselvesvirtually
segregated schoolingendedin returnfor agreements limiting out of fuel on arrival. Finding placesto coal would havebecome
immigrationto manageable levels.Japaneseattitudes a pressing problem, as sedousasthe lackofcolliers.The South
Japanese
to the U.S.andthe fleetitselfweretotallytheoppositeofthose American coun.ries were mostly friendly, but British controlled
whichmighthaveproducedwar. ViscountAcki in fact stated Trinidad would certainly have been unavailable,and the
the fleet's cruise to the Pacific would not be regarded as an position of New Zealand and Australia would have been
unfriendlyact;KatsuraandotherJapanese statesmen, reflect- doubtful. Since the withdrawal of Royal Navy ships to
ing Japanesepublic opinion, declaredthe American ships Eurcpean waters folowing the 1902 Anglo-Japanesenaval
treaty, which left the colonies 'at Japan'smercy', they had
wouldbe very wel€omein Japan;and the GreatWhite Fleet's
visit to Yokohamain October,1908washighlysuccessful. lookedincreasingly to the U.S. as the most likely countryto
Only one date has been alteredin the scenario that of support them against Japaneseaggression, sharingto some
declarationthat the fleetwouldsailto the Pacific. extent fea$ of the odental bogeyman. If, however, thecolonies
Roosevelt's
whichactuallywas madeon August23rd,thedayafterDayton's were obliged to bow to lmpeial pressure the U.S. fleetwould
have had to look for a different route to the Philippines after
cruisersleft Yokohama aJter a trouble-free coaling stop-over.
Thechangeofdateisintendedto give theJapaoeseananswerto Honolulu and American Samoa via Guam, or through neutnl
Manhalls and
their 'ultimatum'and motivationfor their supposedattackon islandchainssuch as the Germancontrolled
Carolines. Germany had much togain by supportingthe United
Da!'ton'sshios.
26
Statesandmighthaveplayeda key role by sendingcolliersand Additions to Japan€se1905Fle€t
lendingdiplomaticbacking.cermanywaskeen,at the time of l/2000 Scale
the GreaaWlite Fleet'sduise,to form a U.S.-German-Chinese
Axis to counterthe Anglo,French,Russian-Japanese entente: a
plan which came to nothing, in spite of some provocative Kashina
approaches, due to Roosevelt'smistrustof Germanyand the (afurtsfunnels
Japanese-American rapprochement whicheventuallystilledthe
war fever. Had war actuallybroken out in the Pacific, cermany togetherwithmore
woulddoubtless haveplayedeverycardshehad,andAmerica, ovalafterfunnel
desperateto reach the Philippines,might have been more
willingto dealwith her.Thisscenariocouldeasilybe expanded
into a full scaleWorld War by the entry of a belligerent
Germanyand a rcluctantBritain in supportof their allies.

JAPAI{FSE STRATEGY
Unlikethe outbreakof war in 1904,whentheJapanese madea
deliberatelyundeclaredattack on the Russianfleet at Port
Arthur, the attackon Dayton'ssquadrcncouldnot havebeen
part of a long term contingencyplan, m€rely a seized
opportunity.Da)'ton'sshipswouldhavebeenwiihdrawnto the
safetyof the U.S. coast in any case,so in either casethe
Japanese wouldhavehad severalmonthsto mountoperations
in the Pacific with only a few gunboatsto opposethem.
Exaniningtheitineraryof theGreatWhiteFleet,it will be seen
thatit took aboutfour monthsto reachtheWestCoast,sevento
Hawaii, and ten to Japan,this time could be cut in time of
emergency, but neve helessJapanwouldbe ableto fight at a
placeof her own choosing.The U.S. objectivewouldcertainly
bethePhilippines, andthiswouldbe themainprizeforJapanto
grasp,one she could certainlyhavesecuredwith total naval
superiority and her large arny againstthe undeveloped
defences. A bolderJapanese strategywouldbe to moveagainst Itizen
Samoaor evenHawaii,usingfriendlyBritishislandsascoaling Ex Petvisan
stations.Thoughnot at the time developedasfleetbases,they
did at leastprovide the Americanswith coalingstopsin the
central Pacific, and their loss would severelyhamper the
attemptto relieveor recapturethe Philippines.An ambushat
Hawaiimightoffer the Japanese the chanceto meetthe U.S.
fleet *hen it waslow on coal and vulnerablero an extended
battle- thoughdefeatwouldleavethe Japanese ashelplessas
the Russians at Tsushima.Both sidesmight alsoconsiderlhe
possibilityof a U.S.atiack along the northern Pacificrim,
directlyat Japan,althoughon€eagainthe Americanswolld
lack coalingfacilitiesat the end of the voyage.The Japanese
would mostlikely leavetheir capturedRussianbattleships in Ame cans,astheydid the Russians in 1905,andofbreakingup
homewatersto countersucha threar- of lessvaluein a lleet the
Americans'formationwith torpedostrikes.Overall,the
a€tion,they would be sufficientto deal with a raid by the Japanese wereformidableopponents.
survivinsU.S. armouredcruisers. The U.S. fleet appearedmuchstrongerin termsofnumbers
and firepower,and would probablyhave had to rely on this
strength to fight a defensivebattle againstthe Japanese,
TACTICSAND SHIPS althoughthe Americanshipswere capableof complexfleet
The Japanese wouldprobablyhavebasedtheir taclicson their manoeuvres which the Russiansat Tsushimawere not. Their
success atTsushima. Torpedoboats wouldhavemadetheinitial gunnerywasalsoadequate,althoughboththesefactorswould
attacks,followedby concentrated gunfirefron the battleline havebeenoffsetby theirinexperience in battle,evenamongthe
till darkness;.after harassingnight torpedoattacksthe fleer seniorofficers.The Americanswould inevitablyhave been
wouldrenewits bombardmentthe followingmorning,wirh a {orcedonto the defensiveby their lack of scoutcruisersand
torpedoboat coup de grace. torpedovessels (the sixtransferred
wilh the GreatWhite Fleet
Since1905the Japanese had addedtwo battleships and two wererepoted in poorconditionfor actionandlackedrangefor
l2in armedarmouredcruisersto the four batrleshiDs andeiqht oceanpassage-there wasevena planfor thearmouredcruisers
8in armedcruisersLheyheldedat the end of rheN;r. To lhase to tow them acrossthe Pa€ificl).
could be addedfour captured,repairedRussianbattleships. Althoughmainlyofmodemconstru€lion, andheavilyarmed,
Apart from the latter,all thesewerc modern,firstclassvessels therewerea numberoftechnicaldeficiencies in the U.S. ships
of Europeandesignor construction,with highlytrainedand vis'a-viscontemporaryEuropeanwarships.Somernight be
experienced crews.The Japanese werealsowell providedwith madeup lack of 6re controlequipment,alterationsto allow
scoutingcruisers,destroyenand torpedoboats,althoughthe anti-torpedoboatgunsto depresssufficientlyto engage targets
latter were limited by their rangeif attackswere to be made at closerange,and grey-painlingthe ships,whosebuff and
acrossthe Pacific.They hada goodchanceofout-scoutingthe whiteDeacetime colourssavethe GreatWhite Fleetits name.
However, two seriousfaults remained,and were to beset
severalmoreclasses ofAmericandesigned battleships.
Firstly,
the turrets were designedwith open handlingroons and
magazines, rather than two stageturretsas in the Japanese
ships.This wassupposedto facilitateammunitionsupply,but
meanta turret hit had a high probabilityof detonatingthe
magazine.Secondly,the battleships weredesignedto float at
normalfull load.not their actualbattleload,which,with extra
coal.ammunitionandstores.couldbe a thousandtonsheavier
thanspecified. As aresultthe shipswereovedmught,someby
asmuchastwo feet,submerging the upperedgeofthe armour
belt and leavingthem little better protectedthan cruisers.As
might be expected,low mountedcasemate gunswereinoper-
ableundersuchconditionsin anysort of seaway.Thesefaults
were seriousenoughto offset the numericaladvantagethe
Americanspossessed, and rnake heavylosseson then side
likelv.

GREATWIIITE FLEET. ORDEROF BATTLE

European type tunet ammunition was caried from the Iirst Squadron,First DiYision
magazine(1) viaan enclosedhoist (2) to a nnner (3) in the BB18Correcrcur 16,000;456ft oa; 18kts;4 12inl45,8,8in/45,
handling roon (1) which transferred the sbellsto a second 12-7irl45;4-21inTT (1906)
hoist (5) which canied the ammunition to the tuftet (6). BBl9 Louisiana
BB20 Ven ort as above,slightlyheavierarmour(1t'06)
BB21trtursaj

First Squadron,SecondDivision
BBIS Ceorgia 14,948t;441ft oa; 19kts;4-12inl45,8,8ir/45,
12-6inl50;4'21inTT (1906-07)
BBI3 Viryinia
BB16New Jersey
BBll RhodeIsland

SecondSquadron,Third Division
BB22 Minnesota As Vermont
BBl0 Maine 12,846t;393ft oa; 18ktsi4-12inl40,16,6in/50;
2-18inTT
BBll Missouri 12,362t;otherwiseas above
BBl2 Ohio 12,723t1otherwiseas Maire (1902-04)

SecondSquadron! Fourth Division

BBB Alabana 11,5651; 374ft oa; l6kts; +l3irl/35, l4-6id40;
4-18inTT
BB7ll/no,s As above,except375ftoa; (1900-01)
BB5 Keatsage11,540t;375ft oa; 16kts;4-13ir/35,4-8in/35;
14-5in/40;4l8in TT (1900)
886Kentucky
Ameican t\ffet -ammunition wasloaded into a car (B) in
Al San FranciscoBB14 Nebras,ka(sister to Georgr'a)replaced
the nagazine (A) and cafied upa guide (C), pastthe tunet
Vi4mra, which movedto replaceMatre in the third division.
nachinery (D) into the turret (E). trith no division
BB9 Wisconsin replaced her sister Aiabana in the fourth
division.
8
S€{ondDivision, Pacific Squadrod Maine
ACR10 Terresree r4,500t; 504ft oa; 22kts; 4,10in/40, 1c6irl,/ Missoui
50; 4-21inTT (1906) OhioZmn
ACRIT Washington
ACR9 Sorrti Dakota $,6aU., 504ft oa; 22kts; 4-8i 40,
r4-6ir/50;2-18inTT (190748)
ACR6 Caufomia

Torp€do Boats
Whipple, Lawrcnce, Truxtun, Hopkins, HuI, Stewart
Darton'scruiserswereall sistemto Soutr Daftot ; the fleet at
war might also deploy the cF.isersC7 Cincinatti. C8 Raleigh,
New Orleans,Albany ^nd six auxiliaries.
IIIinok
U.S. ArmouredCruis€rs

Tennessee
Washingtonlacked
forwardmiddlemast
- platform

KeaBage
Kentucky

JAPANESEORDEROF BATTLE. I9O8WAR

First Division
M'kasa15,140ti432ftoa; 18kts;4-12in, 14'6in;4'18inTT (1900)
Srrk sl,ma 15,453ti438ftoa; 18ktsi4 12in, 14 6in. 5-18inTT
(18e7)
U.S.Battleships
Fuji 12,320t;412ftoa; 18kts;4-12ini10-6in,5-18inTT (1896)
Arani 15,200t; 425ftoa; 18kts;4-12in,l4-6ini 4-18in TT(1899)

Connecticut Vetmont SecondDivision

Louisiana Minnesota Kashina 16,41]0r:473ftoa; l8.5kts; 4-12in,4-l0in, 12-6in;
(arsaslacked middle 5-r8in TT (1906)
- Katori As aboveexcept15,9501;456ftoa;
foremastplarform Ts,*oba 13,750ti450ftoai 20.5kts;4-12in,12 6in; 3 18inTT
(1907-08)

I
Third Division
Kasuga7,62att366ftoat20kts;1-10in,2-8in,14-6in;4-18inTT
(1902-03)
Ntsrir As aboveexcept4-8in
Yakumo9,6461l'434ftoa; 2lkts; 4-l8in, 12-6in;5-l8in TT
(1899)
Virginia Adzuna 9,307r;4521toa;20kis;4-8in,r2-6in;s-rSinTT ( 1899)
Georyia Fourth Division
Idzumo9,750tt4341toa;21kts;4'8in. 14'6in;4-18TT (1899)
lwate As above (1900)
Asama9,700t.442ftoa;22kts;4-18in,14'6in;5'18inTT ( 1898)

Note:Mi*asasankfollowinga magazine explosionin S€ptem-

ber 1905and did not recommission
till 24 August 1908.
 29

DERBYWARGAMES ASSOCIAIES
PRESENTTHE
OSPREYWORLD
CHAMPIONSHIPS
OSPREYBOOKS TRADE STANDS ATTENDING THIS YEAR

WORLD NAI'I'AR PRODUCTIONS

PORTAGE MINIATURTS
HALXS MODX',S

CHAMPIONSHIPS
COLOUR PARTY lAINlS
Q. T. MOD!'S WIIIIT'ISEY MINIATURIS
MNRCIA MODEL SOLDIER
SNCOND CHANCD & MILLIANT FARMS & FORTRESSES

1990 BARRY HILL (ESSEX MINS.)

CONNOISSEUR MINIATURES
HNRONSMINIATURI6
MINATURN WARGAMfls
PIONIER MINIA'I'I]RES
CHEI,IIER BOOI'S
N'I{BURY & DONMNGTON

CAMPATCNS " EOVELS

REDOUBT ENTERPRISIS
WARRIOR IIIINIATURES
TRAFALCAR MODELS

CHARIOT MINIATURlS
(MLR)HOTSPUR MINIATURFS
IRREGULAR MINIATURES TWO DRAGON MINIATURES
STONSOREDAY OSPREYBOOKS CAMES PEOPLE ?LAY
WORLD'S PREM IER WA RCA M ING EV ENT
MILITARY MINIATURFS
THE ASSEMBLY
ROOMS.DERBY CLULOWSBOOKS TABLETO! GAMES WARGAMISILLUSTRATED
Saturday6th
& sunday7th October1990 Do not mis the brs6t srecrid ol Tr6de Stdds ond lne biesr
@
Fcarurine:
\\'orldWARCANTES Also Featuring
Compernion
DisplayCameCoop€lnion * Re.etrrcrnenr SoclerGs Disday Gan6 Competition Ir RFnactnent So.ietie
T r a d e s k n d *s B f i n g & B u r * B r & i o o d Brihgqnd Buy " a8r and Food
As weu os the WORLDWAnCAMESCOMPETTnON

The showoflhe y$..nd not ro b€ nised

R€serveDivision pre-dreadnoughts werenevertested,andcovered45,000 miles,

Suwo (ex Pobieda,12.683t!341t oa: 18kts;4-10in,10-16in; virtuallywithort incident.
2 15'nTT (1901-02)
Sasani (ex Percsviet')As a6o\e For drawingsof the JapaneseandcapturedRussianvessels.
Iwani (ex Orel) 73.576tt397ftoa; 17.5kts;4-12in. 6,8in;2,15in alsoto a constant
l/2000scale.
readersshouldreferto Wlissues
TT (1904) 20& 2r.
Hizen (ex Retvisan)12,9001; 386f1oai l8kts; 4 12in. 12-6in;
2-15inTT (1901)
TheJapanese alsoput the coastdefenceshipsA drDnalSerravrt COALINC STOPS OF GREAT WHITE FLEET
(as Mishina) ^ttd Craf Apnks,, (as O*irosrma) into service. EN ROUTtr TO JAPAN
In addition the Japanesedeployedthe cruisen Na'ia, LOCATION DATE
Takachino, Chiyoda, Akitsushina. Idzuni. Suma, Akashi, Departure, Hampton Roads 16 1207
Chitose,Kasagi,Tsushima,Niitakz, Otowa afid the ex Russian Trinidad 23-12-01 2912-07
cruisers Aio (ex Bayanr, Tsuga (ex Pauada), Soya (ex Rio de Janeiro.Brazil 120108 22,01-08
Variag)aup ro fifty-two destroyersand seventeen{irst class BuenosAires, Argentina' 2601-08
torpedo boats. Note on Russianbattleships:Sagamisrelit
finishedin April 1908,Suwo'sin O€rober1908,Hizer's in
Punta Arenas, Chile 31 01 08 07,02,08
Nov€mber1908,possiblymakingthem unavailable.The fifth Callao. Peru 200208 29-02-08
capturedship. Tzngo(e\ Poltava)did not re€ommission till Magdalena Bay, Mexico 12-03 08 11-04,08
November 1911. (Delay due to gunnerypractice)
U.S. west Coast ports 1,1,04-08- 07-07-08
CONCLUSION (San Francisco,Puget Sound)
I havenot offeredan accountof a battle betweenthe Great
Honolulu, Hawaii 16,07,08 22-07-08
white FleetandtheJapanese. thoughI suspect it wouldbe both Auckland, New Zealand 09,08-08 - 1s-08-08
moreevenandbloodierthanTsushirna. Happily,Japanandthe Cruisersand destroversto American Samoa
UnitedStatesdid not fight in 1908andthe 'war scare'fadedas 20-08-08- 18-09-08
the GrearWhiteFleetmadei$ rriumphantprogress, artracting (Sydney,Melboume, Albany)
huge crowdsand loud applause(though.even as it neared Manila, Philippines 01-10-08 - 10-10 08
Japan.someAmericannewspapers werestill tryingto whip up 18-10-08 ,
Yokohama,Japan 24-1008
fearandhostilityby reportingtheJapanese fleetatsea,readyto *Torpedo boatsonly
ambushtheir approachingguests).In the event the U.S-
30

THEFRENCH
CAMPAIGN
IN EGYPT,
1798.1801
PART II - The Uniforms of the French Army
by StephenEde-Borrett

Whenthe Frencharmy landedin Egyptin July 1798it wasstill CAVALRY

wearingtheEuropeanuniform notjustin colourandstylebut.
moreimpodantly,incloth andheadwearandthiswasto prove Dragoorls;
greencoatwith the variousunitsdifferinginlapel,collar,
a greatproblemfor the Frenchcommand(seePart I in last Dark
cuffcolour (seeTablel for the regimentsin Egypt).White,or
mo h's Warsanes luustnted\.
moreusually buFI.$ai\rcoat andbreeches. Again.oncampaign
trousersor overallsof anyof a numberof grey/brownhu€scould
INFANTRY be worn. Brasshelmetwith a blackpeakandhorsehairmane.
The Horse fumiture was dark green with edging in the
(EachDerni-Brigade comprisednine €ompanies - eight 'cen,
regimentalfacingcolorr GeeTable 1).
tre , fusiliersfor de Batailleand chasseurs for de L€gare,and
one '6lite . grenadiersor carabiniersrespectively.) Cbass€urs:
Dark green coat with regimentalfacings (see Table 1).
Demi-B.igadesde Bataill€: Netherwearshould have been dark green, but becaus€of
All ranksworea darkbluecoatwith red collarandcuffs.DiDed shortages, Iikethatof thedragoons, couldhavebeenalmostany
in u hile.whilelapehandturnbackr. pipedin red.blueshouldel dull colour insteador as well within the same company.
strapspipedin red for the fusiliersand red epauleuesfor the Headwearwasthe blackshako.usuallycylindricalandin some
grenadiers.Most deni-brigadeshad the simple 1791 cuff regimentsof the mirletontype (regretablyI don't know what
opening- essentially a straight'cut' pipedred -but somemay the 22ndwere wearing).
havehaddarkbluepipedred cuffflaps,aswouldbecomeusual
duing the Empire.All buttonswere brass. Hussars:
Headwearwas.officiallyan).xay,the 'Tarleton helmetof Only the 7lh biswerein Egyptand,asusualwith Hussars,their
blackleatherwith blackcrestand nationalcockadeon the left unitbrmwasquite unique.
side it is highlyunlikelythat anyof theunitsin Egyptworethis The7thbh', ex Hussars dela Liberte,uniformwasa mid-blue
however.In its Dlacewas worn the almost universalblack pelisseand red dolnan with mid,bluecollar and cuffs. All
bicornewith nationalcockadeand, possibly,companyporn- braidingon both was yellow. The breecheswere nid-blue,
pom above it. Although the beankin had proved to be pip€din yellow.The mirletonshakohada red wingandplume
prohibitivelyexpensive for the Republicnany unitsdid manage (if and whenwom in the latter case).All buttonswerebrass-
to retaintheirold issueswithbrassplateson thefront andat the Hors€furniiurewasa whitesheepskin edgedin blue;rhevalise
backpatchofa white€rosson a red field.(Althoughsomeunits
are known to haveusedalternatered/bluegrounds.) Officerswore generallythe sameuniformas th€ir men but
Legwearshouldhavebeenbreechesand blackgaiters- in with goldor silverin placeofthe mens'yellowor whitebuttons
practicetrousersweremoreusuallyworn, in white.grey,dark and lace.Dragoonand Chasseur officerswore epauletteslike
blue or eventricolourstripes." the Infantry, Hussarofficershad a complexsystemof ever
Grenadiersofficiallycarriedthe sabrebr?uer overthe right increasing amountsof gold laceon the breechesand cuffs.
shoulder,but many units did not have sabresand some
grenadiersmay thereforehave carriedtheir bayonetson rhe
cartridgebox strapin the nanner of fusiliers. CHANGES
The first changeswhich took place were to replace rhe
Demi-Brigadesl,€gare: impracticalheadwear of the infantrywith a newleatherhelmet
The coatwasof a similarstyleto the de Balaillebut with dark which had a cover lor the neck. Each demi-brisadehad a
blueturnbacksandlapelspipedwhite.The collarandcuffsare drfferenr colourcrer(on ils helmer.tseeTablell.)
also sometimesshownas blue, piped white. Shoulderstraps About the sametime new uniformswere issuedto all the
werebluepipedwhitefor the Chasseurs;the Carabinierswore intantryto replacethosewhich had becomeraggedsincethe
redepaulettes. The de Bataillewhitewaistcoat wasusually(but invasion.The newuniformswere to be ofthe samedarkblueas
not always)replacedby blue and officiallythe breeches were the usualpattern,but wereofa slightlydifferentcut and,more
alsoblue, but againtrouserswere more normallyworn. importantly,were to be in €oiton. (Ordersdated6th August
Headwearwas sometimesthe bicorne but often. when 1798.confirmed14thOctober1798.)
available,oneof a numberoftypesofshako.Theseweremost Thenewuniformswere.obviously,madelocallyandthismay
olten of oneofthe cylindricalformsand I haveseennotesthat accountfor thedifferenceinstylethatis sometimes commented
some units in Italy had even worn a form of the Hussars' on basically the newstyleofcoatseemsto havebeensimilarto
mirleton.Carabinierswore the bearskinwithout front plate. the later turtouf, that is singlebreasted,withour lapelsand
Officen wore essentially the sameuniformas their menbut with simple,shorl tails.''
with gold rank epaulettesand, of course, with differeflt Offic€rs and some units, however, managedto retain
equipment.Boots shouldhave been worn in lhe field, but uniformsof the old stylealthoughin rh€newcut. Whetherthis
shortages forcedmanyofficersto weargaitersand/ortrousers. changeaffectedthe cavalryI havenot beenable to discover.
 3I

The newcottonuniformswerenot a greatsuccess andin the

Autumn of 1799GeneralBonaparte,beforehis departurefor
France,gaveorder for a moredrasticsolution- the resultis
usuallyknownas the 'Kl6ber Ordinan€e'. WARGAMES
The basicproblen facingthe Frenchwas that not enough
clothwasavailableofsuitablequalitytoclothethe wholearmy RESEARCHGROUP
in thecorectcolour(which,afterall,wasmainlydarkblue not Coming Soon
a popularcolourin a semi-tropicalclinate). Thereforeit was
decidedto clothethe army in the colour that was available. 1815 _ THE WATERLOOCAMPAIGN
Dark blue was r€servedfor the Artillery, Sapperc,etc. The by Geoff Wootten
Dragoonsstill managedto hangon to their traditionaldark
green- A fi61 volume o' ,cendnosto accompanylhp aurhors Corps
The new uni{ormwas madewithout lapelsand with short D Amep Rulp\.The book qivesthe h:sroiicalbacksroundto th€
camoaianIoo,rh"r ulh acc;u"B of the battle,ol Iionu. Ou"Ee
tumbacks(looking rather like the Austrian coat of c1805), Bras, Wawe and Waerloo, comprehensve Orden oi 6atrli: and
exceptfor the Dragoons,Horse Artillery, and Officerswho five sugg6led gamp {€nafios (ApproximalelylJO pagpc
retainedthe samecur as the old coat. if not the colour. Incruorngmaps and dEqrams,
The resultwasa veritablerainbowof uniformcolourswith Price f,9.95
every DemiBrigade dresseddiff€rently (see Table III). AlsoAvailable
Officersdressedin the samecolour as their men and seem Corps D'Armee NapoleonicRulesf3.75
almostto haveviedwith eachorherin sarrorialsplendour.Each
Postag€
officerhad beengiventwo 'aunes'of his unit's cloth to dress UnitedKnsdom- Add 10%,Minimum50p
himsellanda profusionof laceandbraidappearstohavebeen Ov€lseas Add 15% Sudacei50% Aimail. Minimum50p
VISA & ACCESS(Eurcard, ldaslercard)ACCEPIED
The Dragoo.s,as mentionedabove,managedto retainthe
traditionaldark green.apparendywith facingsas in Table I. For details of our oth€r publications
The Chasseurs werere-equippedin a Hussartype uniformof pleasesent an s.a.e. or 2 IRC'S to:
light gr€endolmanand dark greenpelisse(and br€eches?),
presumably with white lacingsand steelbulrons.The Hussan Wargames Research Group,
retainedtheirpreviousuniformsincesuchcoloursof clothwere The Keep, Le Marchant Barracks, London Road,
not in shortsupply." Devizes,Wiltshir€. SN10 2ER
I don't haveany noteson the uniformsofthe moreooscure Tel (0380)724558
unitsexceptlhat the MountedGuidesworedarkgreenandthe
ott'quoted DromedaryUnit whoseunifom was a sky blue
hussar-typ€ dolmanwith a scarletkaftanworn over it.r2
All of this is very neat, but there are a great numberof
variationsrecordedfor all demi-brigades. Thesevariaiions.
however,are usuallyin facingcolour ratherthan actualcoat
colour,so TableIII is a goodguide,sinceto attemptto cover
evena smallnumberof theserecordedvariationswouldrakeall
ofthis issu€of IyI andnost ofthe nextoneaswell- somethins
that I don't think the Editor will allowl

TABLtrI
Facingsof the CavalryRegiments
in Egypt
Rect. Lapels&
no. Turnback Piping"
3 scadet green
14 pink green prnk pink'"
15 pink pink grcen pink
18 pink pnK green pink
20 yellow grcen yellow
22 Ereer, orange orange orange
Note: In dragoonregimentsfacingcolour collar, cuffs, etc.
werepipeddarkgreenandviceversa,the shoulderstrapswere
alwaysin dark greenand piped.The 22ndChasseurs haddark
greenshoulderstrapspiped orange,and greenpiping to the
collaror1y, the lapeh may havebeengreenpipedorange.

G.J.M.FIGURINES
Wa4amesFigu.espainiedto colledoGstandard.
smm to 30mm.5mn samplelrcewilh SAEor 5lRCs
ForsamplarSmm liqure6ndlisrssendfl.95or f2.95
\c'90
tor 25mmsampl€figur€payableioGerardCronin,
24ChelslleldMerc, StanlonClos€,Oeingion,
Examplesof the lT98patternhelmet-
Blackleatherwithleather
5mmasp.ci.lily. T.lcphone:06392011512"ht orcottonneckcoverandcolouredwoollen crest(seeTableII).
After Marrion & Fosten.
32

TABLE II
Crestsof the Demi-Brigades
AreYOUusing

DemnBrigade
S€ptemb€r1798
Cr€st
stMoN'ssotDtERs?
9th de Bataill€
l3 blue Thepointingseryicefor worgomeGby o worgomer
18 black
19
All scolescoteredfof but lsmm o speciolily.
32 blue & white Send9l.50 for lsmm sompleor contoctl
6l black& white SimonChoreswodhon 0656768556for detoils.
69 yellow& white
75 blue & red
85 yellow& red 14 Co9 Ffynnon,Brqcklq,Brldgend
88 yellow& blue Mld Glqmorgon,CF3l 2HO
2meL6gere green
4 green& while
21 green& yellow
22 green& red
GuideeA-Pied lricoloured
Notei Bi colouredcrestscouldbe dividedequallyone colour
abovethe other, or in altematebandsalongthe length.

TABLE III
The KldberOrdinanceof October1799
Demi-
Brigad€ Coat Collar Cuffs Turnback Piping
Creen green green whrte
9 Bataille
blue white white red
13 dk.blue puce puce green
yellow yellow yellow white
18
scarlet blue blue blue
25 blue blue blu€ white
32 scarlet lt.orangelt.orange white
dk.blue dk.blue dk.blue yellow
61 dk.blue lt.green ll-green white
yellow lt.green ll.green 1
69 scarlet white whiie white
sky blue sky blue sky blue white IllDstration II
85 scarlet yellow yellow white Exampleof the Kl6berOrdinancepatierncoat.The 1798issue
88 blue green green white cottoncoatwasprobablyoften similar.After Rigo.
2 Leqare rr.green dk.blue dk.blue dk.blue white
4 rr.green crimson crimson crimson white NOTES:
zl sky blue It.orangelt.orange red white 9. Stripedtrousersareoftenshownin contemporary pdnts,in
22 sky blue crirnson crimson crimson white a numberof hues.I haveevenseenone print of an Officerin
Italy wearingtrouserswith altematered and blue ioops on a
Io{t whiteground.
Artillery blue red red red red 10. The buttonson thesecoals (and on thosemade{or the
yellow yellow yellow v. ^r KldberOrdinance) $ereclorhco\eredlor all e\ceprOlfice$
Miners blue black black blue red brttons, but ;s brassbuttonswere in useiocallyas a form of
Balloonists blue green red blue red curren€yit seemsunlikelythat suchwouldhavestayedon th€
Engineers blue recl green green white coatfor long.
11. Althoughone sourceafterthe KleberOrdinancegivesthe
'dark blue'.
Note: Pipingwason the collar,cuffs,turnbacksand,for some blue as
demi-brigades, down the front openingof the coat. 12. This unit'suniformshavebeenthe sourceof manyarticles
Wheretwosetsof€oloursaregiven(gth, 18th)orthree(61st)by many authorities,mostof whomdo not agreein detail.lt
thenauthoritiesdiffer andI haveno firm evidencein favourof seem,lhar a number of,lighrlydiffenngunitonn,werein u.ear
one or the other. Possiblyboth uniformsexistedsideby side, thesametime, likewisethe headwear wasofa numberof forms
but it is alsoworth considering how colourschangein bright from czapskato rurbanto shako.
sunlight for exampleir the 6lst, crimsoncanappearasbrown 13. Whenuniformswereissuedin Egypt in October1798the
if grubbyor badlydyed,andbluefadesto greenafterprolonged pipingmay not havebeenpresent.
exDosure to sunlisht. 14. Rigo (seeSourcet showsthis as a very dark pink.
 33

\s9@9w@v.&@ MflXs@?U3.@b
trI1n1te
AAf,nnatu:res SPECIALISTIN WWII GERMAN.ITALIAN.BRITISHAND
AMEBICANMISCELLANEOUS 20mm FIGURES
&iriehc@tr6ndr\ 6 lTguEunir Japa@ T!9e g2ftmm H@rtsd
s15FdMbtd8{rdd @ 113,2(*pa6re f€s.a€irabr€abo) !1.75
s2|,1!]6ddl{i! U.SSdoitcl'kleyDavien !l.OO Geme SPZB23mmTaperBoE rr'I
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34

WEARETHEBOYS
FROMISANDTWANA!
WorgomeRuleslol lhe Anglo.ZuluWor of 1879
by Ted Brown

INTRODUCTION chieforindunawho wouldissueordersby runneror sometimes

signals.
The Zulu war of 1879is probablythe startingpoint for mosl ThenormalZulu battleformationiswellknown,consistingof
wargamers inter€stedin colonialwarfare.EquallyI think it is amainbody,orchest,whowouldlauncha frontalattackon the
true to saythat after a few gamesmanythen give up on this enemy,two wings,or homs, who would race out and first
campaignas producingdull, stereotypedgameslacking in outflankthenencirclethe enemy,and a reserve,or loins,who
tacticalinterest. wouldsometimes sit with their backsto the enemysoasnot to
In this articleI intendto showthat the 1879campaigncan becomeover-excited,and would be availableto the Zulu
providesomereallyinteresting wargames ifthe problemsfaced commanderto throw in at a critical stagein the action.tn
by both sidesare properly broughtout and providea set of practicein 1879indiscipline,especiallyamongthe younger
playablewargamerulesthat do just this. warriors,ledto Zulu attacksoftengoingin'athalfcock'without
fully formed battle formations,as happenedat lsandlwana,
lnyezaneand Khambula.
BACKGROIJND The Zulus made use of small groupsof scoutswho were
The politicalbackgroundto the 1879war neednot €oncemus sometimesmountedand when on the marchan impi would
hereGeetufther readinglist at the endofthis article)but two oftenbe preceeded by a fairly strongadvanceguard.The main
thingsat leastdo needto be highlighted.Firstlythe Zulu army bodywouldadvanceat somedistancetuomthe enemyin dense
wasnot a standingforce, but moreofa militia.Maried warriors columns,but in the attackwould moreoften adoptextended
- andby King Cetshwayo's time evenmanyunmafiiedmen order.wlen underfirein 1879aatacking warriorswouldmake
livedin the homeKraalswith their wivesand children.These useof coverandadvanceby rushes.In generalZulu field craft
menwouldonlybe 'calledup' in timeofwarorforgreatnational was good and they were far from the easy-to-hittarg€ts
ceremonies. This, whencombinedwith the complexcleansing romerime5 poaraledin popularbook\on Ihe campaign.
rituals wariors had to carry out after killing, meansthat Eachwamor wasarmedwith a stabbingassegai, or rxlwa,
campaigns tendedtobe short,with mostmendispersingaftera one or two light throwingassegais and sometimesa wooden
major battle. knobkerrieorperhapsa lightbattleaxepurchased from another
On the British sidethe military wasin a stateof €hangein tribe. It shouldbe notedthat by 1879manyZulushadfirearms
1879:reform, short service,new weaponsand ta€.icsall had and evenbeforethe captureof serviceifles and carbinesat
recentlyarrived.All this and in particularthe new tacticsand l\andlwana. lnrombiand Hlobaneare lakeninto accounr ar
thefailureof theshortservicesystemhada markedeffecton the least10.000smallarmswere in lhe handsof warriors.These
Britishsideduringthe campaign.The newtactics,basedin the weaponsrangedfrom old smoothbores throughshotgunsand
mainon the AmericanCivil War andthe Franco-Prussian War muzzle-loading rifles to a few breach-loaders in the handsof
of 1870led in largedegreeto the defeatat Isandlwana. The richermen. However,throughoutthe campaign,with only a
failure of the short servicesystemmeant that many of the fewexceptions, the Zulusremainedpoor shols-For protection
rcinforcementsthat the British Conmander receivedafter in hand-to-hand combateachwarrior aho carrieda cowhide
Isandlwana were of low oualitv. shield,older men sometimescarryingthe large five foot tall
iisiHlargu,while mostyoungerwarriorspreferredthe smaller
morehandyumBnu"brlrzo, aboutthreeanda half feet long
TIIE OPPOSINGFORCES introduced,apparentlyby Cetshwayohimself,in the 1850's.
Th€ Zulus On campaignan impi might be accompanied by women
Sourcesdiffer. but in 1879the Zulu Armv containedabout34 b€aringsupplies for lhe filst dayof a marchand byyoung udibi
age-regiments or amabut o, At leastsevenof thesecontained boyswith furthersuppliesfor anotherdayor so,afterthatthey
old men over 60 yearsof ageand had little military use,the foragedatlocalKraals,with or withouttheco-operationoflocal
othersvariedfromunder500to almost6,U)0strong.Duringthe people.Wlile it is true that a Zulu impi could move fast,
l879campaign it wasrarefor anentireage-regiment tobe called ce(ainly over40 milesin a day whentheywantedto, in 1879
up. For example,when the main irrpi set off for lsandlwana, 20-30milesper day wasmore normal.
menwho livedin the northandsouthofZululandandbeloneed
to age-regiments tormingpan of lhe main impi remained- in Thc British
theirhomeareasto opposethe otherBritishcolumns(with the FifteenBdtish infantry reginentssered in the Zulu War,
exceptionof the regional abaQulusi,Zulu age-regimentstogetherwith two cavalryregiments- lst King's Dragoon
containedmenfrom right acrossthe country). Guardsand 17thLancers,neitherofwhicharriveduntil latein
Ea€h age-regimentwas divided into two'wings', each rhe campaign- Royal Aaillery. Royal Navy. variousserv'ce
commandedby a 'wingofficer'andwasmadeup ofcompanies, unitsand a hostof localunits both white and black.
or amaviyo, of 40-60 wafiiors. The age-regiments \vere Each infantry regimenthad eight letteredcompaniesof
commanded by an irdura, assistedby a second-in-command, 90-100meneach.Cavalryregimentshad eighttroopseachof
An impi would be madeup ot a numberof age-regiments - 60-70menandforned into four squadrons eachof two troops.
normallyat leastfour andwouldbe commanded by a senior Artillerywasoperatedin batteriesofsix guns.Mostof the local
 l5
whit€unitswereinegularmounted fles an exceptionbeing
the para-militaryNatal MountedPolice madeup of one or
moretroopsof from about40-50meneach,nonehavinga total
MILI.ART
(Established1982)
strengthof more than about 200nen, with many beingsrnaller. I PERSONAL QUALITTSEIVICEI10RlSum &
Black units included the excellentNatal Native Horse, 25D! I{IRGAME ncURESOF AI{Y ERtr
mounted ifles of five troops of about 250 men. The poorly neady pai €cl ISIM Ism' l$nm,. 25m
trainedandequippedNatalNativeContingent,threeregiments F@l m.70 50.80 €100 t1.25 €i.50 r2m
of sevenbattalions,eachof ten companiesof about 100men Momred fl.40 €1.60 €2@ t2.50 t3.00 !4.00
each.To start with theseunits had only onefirearm for eachren
'N,AloLEoNIc
& s.y.w FIGURES,'
coNNo]sszuR
srANDrnD
men - althoughlater this proportionwasgreatlyincreased - I]1 pdcs inchde lne cost of lhe nque
with the resthavingonly spearsand shields.Finallytherewas l5m l&m' $mrl A8M 25m'25nun"
the relativelywell trainedandequippedNatalNativePioneers, s055 [065 t0.85 10.90 t] t5 €1.65
€1.10 fl.30 !1.70 !1.80 4?30 €330
in threecompanies ofalmost100meneach.All nativeunitshad You provrde the Eques
whiteofficersand sometimes white NCO'S. OrdeE over ll00 5% di$oul z--
Until after the battle of Isandlwana British tactics laid gieat Orders over mm l0% dFdnhr ."giata..
stress on the power of the relatively new breechloading
Martini-Henry rifles. The American Civil and Fmnco-Prussian
*"G'lt#-
;i..
-
orde6 over x300 t5% df@ut LU.a'nSiF^,a
-',,7'4-9Eg
'*;.;f
Wars had shown that extendedinfantry lines could smashthe
NEW IN!
finest horsemen in North America and Europe. British
SI'PERE VAI,I'E!!
expedence in thelastCapeFrontierWarhadservedto reinforce Essex lsmln painted ar]ny packs "'
th€ imoressionthat African tribesmenwould be unableto face Anfti5hed!oou qu.liy paintihs
standatd yoB loriusti$,g$
Shdidbe1123.20
N.FlMic &s.Y.WslFuLlbellosl yolrsl@just1109.95 (€?enbeis hluel)
the ki;d of firepower even relatively small bodies of troops
MAII, ORDER
couldput out. Iralse s.4E., €Elosue dd sples tl (scmps drly)
Isandlwana wasa hardlessonandthisbattle,combinedwith P6rage & Packagingloh, MfihM 50p, nEn;m l5
the poor qualityofmany ofthe youngreinforcements sentout
ftom Britain,ledChelmsford to adoptwagonlaagers.In Bdtish 39 I,ESKINMCK TERRACE,
usethesetendedto be squareandthe infantry would fight ftom PENZ,HNCE,
the sunoundingsheltertrench rather than hom within the CORIIIIYAI,L TRIS zEB
wagons.At Ulundi a four rank deepsquarewasfomed. 0?36 50865
The local mountedrifles were usedfor scoutingand by better "'ctI'ltER DISCOUNTSDO NOT pply TO TIiIS SpECg.l OfFEn
field commande$suchas Wood to 'sting' certain portions of a ALIJDISCOI,N-IS& SPECUI OFFERSvArrrD IrNflt DEg 3lsr t99O
.QOAI,ITY
6 STANDARD'
Zulu impi irto prematureattacks.They couldalsobe usedto
follow up Zulu retreats.The regularBritish cavalrywhen it

anivedservedmuchthe samepurpose,with moreemphasison

the pursuit of retidng Zulu forcesand pefiaps a little too much
on fonnal charges.To begin with the rcgular cavalry suffered
frorn its hones being in poor condition after a long seavoyage.
Artillery wasoften usedin action in two gun detachments.In
*:;f% the latter battles a couple of gunswould be placedin the mosr
lls l'l nerablepointsof a laageror square:ihe comer. catling
a
guns,thoughproneto jamrning,wereusedin justth€sameway.
E,l Rocketswere also used, but werc unreliableand generally
?.*., F e' failedto impressthe Zulus.

* ,t "k F,!
The Natal Native Contingent was rightly distrusted by the
regular officers and men as being likely to buckle under any
pressureandso wasusedmainly for scoutingand the chasingof
beatenZulus. In this latter task rheyoften restrictedthemsetves
to dispatchingany Zulu woundedthey cameupon. The Naral
,(3 Native Pioneen were used to help the field companiesof the
Royal Engineersin improvingtracks.drifts over rivers,erc,

"+'
e,?-" .,t * althoughboth troop tlpes could alsofight asinfantry if needed.
'u
4,
",.**.",.,""'""f' D*b?^ o, t! ,! 3! ( 5!
E ^,,1,,
The British infantry was equipped with the fint rate .45
Martini-Henry single shot breechloader and a long bayonet
that wasfound to outreachthe Zulu assegais in hand-to-hand
combat. Cavalry caded lance - if 17th sword - and Marriri-
Henry carbine. Local volunteers carried various carbines,
mostly Maftni-Henrys. The artitlery used the Tpdr rifled
muzzleloaderand later the gpdr rifled muzzle-loader. The
SKETCHMAP OF NATAI & ZULTLAND c.l8?9 Natal Native Contingent's fireams varied fiom smoothbore
musketsto Martini-Henryrifles.
KEY 7: Gingindlovu Supplieswere carriedin wagonsand somecartspulledon
1: Isandlwana 8: Ulundi occasionby horses,moreoften by mules,but in mostcasesby
2: Rorke'sDrift A: Eshowe slow'moving oxen. Supply convoys, stretched out to great
3: Inyezane B: Death of distances, we(ewlnerablewhenon the march.Crossinerivers
4: lntombi Prince Imperial or dry dongascouldbe a slowbusiness. The rateof maichof a
5: Hlobane C: Capture of British column varied from aslittle asfive or six miles on a bad
6: Khambula King Cetshwayo day to as much as eighteento twenty over very good going.
36

WARGAMING IDEAS Britishgettinginto troublein longgrassandhills,andhavingto

ln wargamingthe Anglo-ZuluWar one needsto bearin mind retire.The listreanyisendless, afldmanymorewill be foundby
the strengths andweaknesses reference to the turther readins list.
of the two sides.On the Zuluside
strengthsincludein rnostbattleslargernumberc,muchbetter
local intellig€nceand knowledgeof ground,greatermobility TERRAIN
and speedof advance.Zulu weaknesses includedlack of Zululandis a beautitulland of rolling hills, moreor lesslush
effectivefirepower,fairlycommondisplaysof massindhcipline tree-dotted pastureandforest.Hills tendto berockandboulder
- oftencomingaboutdueto the youngerwadors eagerness to strewn and the many dvels and strcamsoften run sunken
'washtheirspears' or because of interage-regiment rivalry- and between bushlined banks. Small family Kraals dot the
the inabilityto sustaina campaignof more than one major landscape. Summeris roughlybetweenlate Octoberand late
battle or to adopt more than small scaleguenilla tacticsas April and the rainy seasonalsofalls betweenthesedates.In
opposedto standup battles. summerthecountryis green;inthe dry seasongreygreenand
On the Britishsidestrengths includemuchsuperiorfirepow- brownfawn. Earth tendsto be red-brown.as in Devon. ln
er, normallybetterdiscipline,nore flexibilityinactionandthe wintermanystreamsand riversdry up.
ability to sustaina long campaign.Weaknesses include a Whenplacingterrainfor a fictitiouswargameI wouldsuggest
tendencytoat firstunder-rateandlaterto slighdyover-ratethe tossinga coin and givingthe winner two thirdsof the terrain
abilitiesof the Zulus; shortageof mountedmen, especially choiceand the €hanceto placethe lastthird of terrainon the
cavalry,in theearlystages ofthe campaign;lack ofmobilitydue table.Remenberthat afterthe rainy seasongrassin ungrazed
to thecumbersome ox wagonsupplytrainsandtherawness and areascanbe up to sixfeethigh andprovidegoodcoverto Zulu
youthofmanyof thereinforcements sentout from Britainafter
Isandlwana.One of the effectsof thesevariousstrensthsand
weaknesses waslhar lhe Zulus wereoften ableto chooserhe
time, if not alwaysthe place,oI battles. TJNIFORM NOTES
A little imagination is ofcoursejust asimportantinZulu War
gamesand in any other form of wargaming.Having the Britishinfantrywear red tunicsand dark blue trouserswith a
thin red strip.Sunhelmetscanbe white,fawnor khaki,with or
opposing forceslinedup on oppositebase lines,thenadvancing withouthelmetplates.In generalthe longer
a unit hadbeenin
towardsthe middleof thetableis not thewayro getrealisticand
thecountry the morelikely theywereto staintheirhelmetsand
rnterestrng games,
dispensewith helmetplates.
Let us take a brief look at somepossiblescenarios basedon
Facingcolourswere: 3rd Foot, buff. 4th Foot, blue. 13th
real1879actions:aninterestingthough little played,situationis
Lightlnfantry,blue.21stFusiliers,blue.24thFoot,grassgreen.
thatofthe battleoflnyezane.The B tishcoastalcolumnunder
57thFoot, yellow.58thFoot, black.60thRifles,scarlet.80th
Col. Pearsonwasstrungout crossingthe Inyezaneriver under
Foot,yellow.88thFoot, yellow.90thLight Infantry.buff.91sr
the shadowof somelow. bush-covered hills whenthe British yellow.94thFoot,limeFeen.99thFoot,yellow.
Highlanders,
N.N.C. scoutscausedthe Zulu force waiting in ambushto
The rifles of coursewore lifle greenuniformsand the 91st
attacktoosoonandanopenactionensuedthatinduecoursethe
Highlandershad tartantrousers.
British won. But supposethe anbush had gone off as was
TheDragoonGuardsworered tunicsandbluebree€h€swith
intended,with the isolatedBritish infanrry€ompanies strung
ayellowstripe-goldforofficers-whilethe 17thLanceFhadall
out alongsidethe exposedox wagons?
blue uniformswith a whitestrip. Facingswereblue andwhit€
At Intombi Drift a British companyoI inlantry esconinga
The Lancersplastronwaswom with the blueside
small wagonconvoywas campedwhile gettingthe wagons respectively.
showing.Artillerywasofcoursein bluewith redfacingsandthe
acrossa flooded verwhenin the dawntheywereambushed by Royal Engineenin infantry type uniform with
500-1,000 blue facings.
Zulu and Swaziinegulan.
Most sefliceunitshadblue uniformswith whitefaciflg.Royal
At Hlobanea forceofinegularmountedinfantryandN.N.C.
Navy landingpartieswore their normal uniformsin blue, or
attackeda Zulu strongholdon a greattabletopmountainwith
somerimes whire.with navalcapor \rrawhals.
only t$o routesup or down,oneat eachend.The mainobject
With regardto localtroopsno reallyhardandfastrulesapply.
beingto capturethe Zulu cattleandgoatsgrazingon rhe top.
On activeservicemanymoreklaki, fawnsandbrowns,with a
The Zulus put up a good fight, but were losingwhen the
slouchhat. Normally a red puggareewas worn. The Natal
hoffifiedBritishlookeddownto find a hugeimpi ofwell over
MountedPolicehada blackuniformthatfadedto brown,with a
20,000warriorsarrivingbelow. . . .
white sun helmet with brass spike and plate. The Natal
At Khambulaa British force holdingan entrenchment and
Carbineershad a blueuniformwithwhitesunhelmetandwhite
stockade,plus two wagonlaagers- one holdinghundredsof
facings.Natal Native Contingenttroopswore normalnative
nilling oxen wasattackedby thesane;mpithathelpedcausea
dress.sometimeswith the additionof odd items of castoff
Britishrout a Hlobane.Deadgroundon one sideofthe camp
uniform.Theyall worea red ragaroundtheheadasa fieldsign.
led to Bdtish sortiesand a foul hour ding-dongaction.
The NativePioneershad red tunicsand white duck trousers-
On thedaybeforethebattleofUlundiBullerledtheinegular
sometimes with red or blue pillbox hat.
mountedinfantry on a reconnaissance to discovera site for th€
Britishto take up a positionon the next dayand a routeto it.
They wereopposedby the Zulus andonly just escaped heavy ;ii S
Looking at smallerscaleactions- and rhey werc frequent 1ii,.;tflre f" t i t g" fa,ct cng N:
dudng the canpaign we havemanyinstances when British TERNAIN & PAINTS
forcesbumt Zulu kaals, oftenopposedby localmen.Thereis FORTI{I MODELLER& WAIGAMEN
of coursethe well knownskirmishresultingin the deathof the 65 Ittestwick noad, Eeaucbief, Sheffeld 58 ?BU
young PrinceImperial of France.There is the small action
involvingone squadroneachof the 1stDragoonGuardsand DAYIoE coN.IAcT: XIqTon
17thLancersanda coupleof troopsof the FrontierLight Holse (0t:r8):r€ro8? or (mao ?ao5?a
againstfive or six hundredZulu waniors that resultedin the
A highlight of lastyear's wa{on wasthe supetbSudanscenariostagedby.Iohnson& Knott. In thispic: cunboat 1. Crocodiles
0. (- onl' a hdff.tine scorel)

Sofar:23 Battles,9 Skirmishes,

a Gameol AmericanFootball,anda VictorianMelodrama
...
whereersebutarfitAR(OtTHREE ?
Thelastestgrowing eventof theyeartakesplaceaoainat
wargames
BTRMINGHAM pOLyrEcHNtc.wEsigounte nolol
EDGBASTON, BIRMINGHAM
lrom FRIDAYEVENING,10THAUGUSTto SUNDAYthe .l2th, 1990.
With a hostof games,traders,competitions and lecturesWARCONg looksto be bigger,
betterand morefun than ever.
Amongthe highlights:
we havethe ISMteamfrom Californiawho will be runninga fun Micro-Armour
tournamentwith plentyof prizes,
thE EAGLEBEARER IOUTNAMENI,thEGEO-HEXMILITARYMASTERMIND OUIZ
and lecturesdeliveredby someprettyknowledgeable people.includingDon Featherstone.
traoe slandswt be therein forcewithmostof the industryrepresented.
You can stay at WARCONfor the wholeweekendand catchall ol the actaon
or come.inlor the day.
rflces are:
Residential
One: Two nightsbed and breaKastin yourown roomplusweeKeno
admissionto WAFICON - !36.50
Residential
Two: Saturdaynightonly plus breaKastand weekendadmission- g2i.S0
WeekendAdmission:Fridaynight.Saturdayand Sunday- t3.50
DayAdmission: Eitherdav - €2.00
Any furtherinformation contact:
WARCONTHREE,5 MoorsLane,Oreton,Worcs.Dyt4 8RH (074 632 627r.
WARCONTHREE- DON'TMISSIT!
38

Asmostpeopleknow,the Zulu age-rcgiments hadtheirown Walls/fences

cost:Cavalry% tum.InfantryI turn.Adllery may
uniformsandshieldcolouls,but in fact by 1879shieldcolouN
werenot alwaystotallyuniformandlittle'fulldress'waswom in
action, althoughthis seemsto have been more commonin Rardomisation
coastalareas,perhapsbecausemen travelled lessfar from their ThrowoneD6 per unit movingandadjustasbelow.Unitsmust
home kraals. Indunasand chiefswore more regalia, sometimes movefull distanceshown,unlessgainingprc-setobjective.
includingleopardskins.
Dicethrow: 1 2 3 4 5 6
All British 3 c m l c m - - + 2 c m
ANGLO-ZIJLUWAR A1lZulus 3cm -lcm - - +2cm +4cm
WARGAME RT]LES NNC (fooo 4cm 2cm -lcrn - - +lcm
These rules ar€ designed to simulate actions ftom the
Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.They are producedwith 15mmfigures firing (smsll arms)
in mind, but caneasilybe usedfor 25mmPleasenotethat the Firingis by groupsof 5 figuresif British,l0 figuresifN.N.C. and
battle of Rorke's Drift really requiresspecialrul€s and I hop€- 20 figures if Zulu. (Even if native figures to not cary rifles.)
with the Editor'skind consent- to makethis th€ subjectof a
tutuie article. The aim of the rules is playability, combinedwith Cloce Eff€ctiv€ Extr€me
as much realismas any waryamecan hope to have when trying Manini-Henryrifle 0-15cm 30cm -50cm
lo simulatethe true horrorsof humanwarfare (British)
Manini-Henry carbine 0.l2cm 24cm -40cm
Grou YTimdFigure scsle (British)
cround Scale:5cm = 100yds. GatlingGun 0-18cm -40cm -60cm
One Tum: Approximately4 minutes. (British)
One figures= 10 men. One model = 3 guns. AlI N.N.C. 0-10cm -22cm -34cm
This gives us a British iofantry battalion of eight 10 figure (foot)
companiesand a British cavalry regiment of four l2 figure All Zulus 0-8cm -18€rn -30cm
squadrons and a batteryof two modelguns. Throwing Assegai 04cm -7cm -12cm
Colonialvolunteerhorseshouldbe in unitsoffive to twenty For eachfiring group/Gatlingmodelthrow one D6.
figures and N.N.C. in 100 figure battalions and/or l0 figure At Closerange1 D6 : casualties inflicted.
companies.Zulus should be in age,regimentsof hom 50-500 At Effective range 1 D6 1 : casualtiesinflicted.
figures.About 10%orso of Zulu figuresshouldbe riflemento At Extreme range 1 D6 2 : casualtiesinflicted.
get the right look, but will not affect Zulu firepower in the game If N.N.C./Zulusfiring reducecasualtiesinflictedby 2.
rules. Nore: Zulus may only use rhrowingassegai5 once in game.
unlessagreedbeforehand,
Tbm Scquence
Moves are altemate, Tosscoin eachtum to decide*ho moves Firing (Artillery)
first. Tum sequeoceis: Movement, small arms (including Shell Shell She[
MG\), artillery(includingrockets),melee,morate. Weapon Caseshot Clos€ trff€ctire Extreme
7pdrR.M.L. 3-10cm -30cm 60cm -110cm
Ttoop Typ€s 9pdrR.M.L. 3-12crn -35cm 70cm -120cm
VeteranBritish Infantry: i.e. 1/24rh(pre-lsandlwana) Z3rd, Rockets - 5-l2qn 30cm -70cm
1/13th,90th,80th. Firing is by one model. For each gunfocket firing throw on€
Av€rage British Infantry: i.e. A24th, 2l4th, 57th, ryth, D6, resultis casualties inflicted.
R.M.L.L andR.N. Caseadd 2.
NoviceBdtish Infantry: i.e. 1/24th(post-lsandlwana) 2/2rst, Closerangeadd 1
58th,88rh,3/60th,91s1,94th. Extreme range deduct I
British Regular Cavalry. (Dragoon Guards and Lancers.) 9 pdr add 1.
Mountedlnfantry: i.e. all irregularlocal voluoteers,regular Rocketsdeduct1.
M.I. and blackmountedtloops.
Anillery. (lncludesall guns,MG's, Rockets.) GenerulFiring Notes(small arms and rnilery)
Natal Native Contingent. (Includes Wood's Irr€gulars.) lf targerin cover reducecasualties by I per firing group-gun.
Zulu Warriofs. For eachGatlinggunfiringthrowoneD6 pertum. Gatlingjans
on scoreof 5/6. For eachrocket firing throw one D6 per tum.
Movement Rocket goeswild on scoreof 5/6.
There are up to three possiblerates of movement.Those units
that may double^rot may only do so every other tum. Units Melee
may only chargeif this brings them into baseto basecontact For eachgroup of five figuresin base-to-base contactthrow one
with target. D6. Result is numberof en€mycasualtiesafter taking into
Tioop Type Normal Doubl€/Trot Cha.ge accountadjustm€nts set out below.
British Infantry 8cm 10cm t2cm Veteran British Infantry +1. NoviceBritish Infantry -1.
Regular Cavalary 10cm 18cm 24crn DragoonGuards+2. N.N.C.(fooo -2.
Mounted Infantry 12cm 20cm IanceN +3. Attackedin flank/rear -1.
N.N.C. Ilcm (doesnot applyif in square.)
Anillery 8cm 10cm If in Squarc+1.
Transpod(horse/mule) 8cm ff charging +1.
Transporl(oren, 5cm Behindwalywagoo/barricade +1.
Zulu Warriors 12cm - 15cm
 39
GeneralMclee Nohs
Only Britisvcolonialson foot may forn square.lf one sideis
outnumbered only two groups of five figures may fight one
enemygroupoffiguresin anyonetum,i.e. no groupof5 figures
canbe outnumbered in anyone tum by morethantwo to one.
However,otherfiguresmayjointhe meleein subsequent tums.
Meleewill lastfortwoturns,afterwhichthesidewith thehigher
casualtiesretircs at best speed,unlessEuropeansare sur- *l{ew* * l{ew* * l{ew* * [ew*
rounded,whenmeleewill continueuntil onesideor theotheris
destroyedor pullsback. %ooth FRENCHBUltDlI{GS
plaln palnt€d
0/2mDetached House 81.75 Q5.60
Morale 1/2mHouse andShop €2.95 e6.10
All troopshavea moralefactor as setout below. 2/2mBbd of Ruins €2.50 €5.20
VeteranBritish Infantry: 7 5/200Famhouse witfrstore t2.50 €5.20
Average Bitish Infantry: 6
42$ Mm u.50 85.20
5200Bridge €2.50 e5.20
Novic€ British Infantry: 5 62m SbneWalling 8r" pieces perpack 81.10 A3A
Regular Cavalry: 6 7200Comer stonewalling4 x 1' pieces e0.55 t1.20
Mounted Infantry: 5 Thesebuildings
aredesigned
N.N.C.(foo0:4
to compliment Waganes ls,th s
new1/2mbwwll Frgures.
Zulu Warriols:7
Post& Packaging15%up t0 €25'10% overe25.
Access.
l\,{astercad
andMsaholdeFcanohonein ofdeEon
M72-756s2.
anyforce is outflankedwithin 50cmof the unirs concerned.
any force h going to charge Fbrourillustrated
catalogles€nda larges.a.e.plus50p
any force is to receive a charge overseascustomersolease send4 sbmD€d LR.C.
s to:
anyunit hashad 25olocasualties HoVESLTD.,MD 18 ClebeRoad,Scarho,Cdmsw,
any unit hashad 50% casualties SouthHumbe6ide DN33 2HL
any unit hashad 75% casualties Ttrdeenquirjes
welcome.
Zulus are within 20cn of any N.N.C. (foot) unit HoVE$ manuiactLrcd in J.s.A.by5I0NFl,/oUMAlN Itrniatures
lrc Box594.BrooTfield Co8m20.Colorado. U5A
Adjust moralefactor as below HoVE|SmanulacturedinAustElia byHUFFA DESCNS andRUINS,
Unit advancing+1 Unit hashad 25% casualties -l P0227.Coodwood. SoLthAustralia 5034
Unit in square+1 Unit hashad 50% €asualties 2
Uniain cover +1 Unit hashad 75% casualties 4
Unit hasenemyon flank/rear-l Uflit is fallingback I
ThenthrowoneD6 perunit testingmoraleandaddor subtract Figur€ Avail.bilitJ
from morale factor as below Mostmanufacturers do extensive
rangesof British/Zulufigures.
1: -2.2: -1.3 4t no change. 5: +1. 6: +2. In I5mmtheseincludeMiniaLure Figurines.EssexMiniirures
(who do niceZulu. in ,rrippeddown .barrtedress, and peter
Resulth moralefactorfor that unit, reactas b€low:
1: rout to rear at chargespeed. Laing to namebut threeof the better kflown. There as aho
2: retire to nearestcoveror friendlyforcesat normalspeed. rangesin 6mm and somefirst classones in 25mm, suchas
3: halt and do not advancefu her- Abboxs Miniatures.
4, 5, 6 or above:carry on as required(if Zulu chargenear€st
enemyon scoreof 7 or above). Further R€ading
The Zulu war is one of the most written about colonial
campaigns and researchis thereforeeasy.The followinglist is
Gene.al Morale Notes by no meansexhaustive, but shouldserveasa goodintroduction
Any unit scoring1, 2 or 3 on moraleresultmaytestagainnext to the subject.
turn to try andbetterscore.Unitsscoring2or3 mayalsoteston
J.P.C.Laband& P.S.Thompson.Fietd Guideto the War in
Z\Iuland & the Defence ofNaral. Pietermaritzburg 1983.
Optional Rul€s War Office. Nrrrarive of Fietd Opentiorg Connectedwith the
Beforethegameagreeon areasof longgrassetc. Drawaplanof ZutD war of 1879.London, 1881(repnnted1907& 1989).
the battlefieldand allow the Zulu playerto mark on hidden J. Lab^nd. Fightus in the oper. PieGrmaritzburg, 1985.
Zulu forcesid theseareas.Theywill onlybe placedon the table lan Knight. The Zulrs. London, 1989.
whenthe Zulu playerwishesto exposethemor if theyareseen D.R. Morris. The Washinqof the Spears.London, 1966.
by British scouts/troops. (Use dice throw to decideif this A. McBndge.The Zulu War. London,1976.
nappens., G. Mossop.Tle Red So.id'er.London, 1977.
For movementreductionfor crossingstreams,thick bush, Ian Knight (Ed). Thercwill be an Awful Rowat Home about
steephillsides,dongas,etc. try and agreebefore the garne Irts. V.M.S. 2nd Edition, 1987.
starts.or simplyreduceall movesby 50%.
NatalNalivePioneers andRoyalEngineers shouldbetreated Tbe VictorianMilitary Sociery(VMS) hasa thrivingZutu War
asNoviceandAverageBritishInfantrywbenusedin that role. Group. Lastly, for atmosphere,warganerscould hardly do
NatalMountedPoliceshouldbe lreatedasMountedInfantry. better than seethe films Zulu andZulu Dawn . I'fit Aot svre if
All mountedinfantrf'unils must haveone horseholderper 6 theseare availableon video,but they do tum up on TV from
figures.whendismounted.
4L)

The elfective useofthe ttuops dcpendson thc contnlexe'te.l by officers and NCOS.As a rc-enactnent unitgrows in sizeso the
commandstructureofthe unit nust adaptto copewith thegteatctn]nberi of troopsto march.manoeuvreandfight in thefield.
The contrcl factor is inportant both in rc-enactmentand waryaning. This pictute showsAnteican infantry ofthe Revolution.

Smokeis an inportant factot on the baulefield. and doeslinger in fo ifications. Here we seeartil|ery of the English Civil War
Societyin action ;llustrating this fact.
Music had an inpo ant nlc bPla!in the s'arfarc oftht: horse andmusketpctiod Marching hehin.l aband doeslilt the spirhs,
especiallyon a lonejourner. and helpsto keep the trcopsin ttep sith eachothc.. This bxnd is that ofNapoleon s InperialCuard.

FROMTABLETOPTO REATITY
Part Three
by Puul Chamberlain

W a r g a m e r s , t r cn e r e r r o t a l l r h a p p ) $ i t h r h e r u l e s t h e v u s e . bring. The unrr's Explosives Officer must know how manv

V r \ s | l r e r h E I o s n . s h i . e . , r h e ra. d ] p ' t u h t r . h e o- L t . b n , r t . musket cartridgesro takc rvirh him. Too felv and the uDir will
m ! u r l t h e j ro $ n p r e f c r c n c e sf e . q u i r e m n ras n d i n t e r p r e r a r i oonf h a v ea l i m i t e df i r e p o w e ri n t h e b a t t l e .L a c k o f c o m n u n i c a t i o n
h i s t o r \ .I n m ) o p i n i o nl h e r ei s n o s u c hr h i n ga sa 1 0 0 9 ;a c c u r a l e m a f r e s u l ti n n o t a l l m e n b c r s a t t e n d i n ga n e v e n l . o r r m f e w
a n d a u t h e n r i cs e t o i N a r g a m e sr u l e s . r s a b a r a n c en u s r o e m u s k e l r o u n d s b e i n g a t a i l a b l c : t w o f a c t o r sw h i c h c o u l d b e
a c h i c \ e d b e N e e n N h a r i 5 h i s t o r i c a l h a c c u r a t ea n d $ h a t i \ ; n r r u L l u c iendr oi $ i r f a n ' ' , , 1 ' : k e I n t e r e n r n g .
p l a r a b l c .H a l i n g s r i d t h a t .r e e n a c r m e ncra ng i ! e l h e $ a r g a m e r W h i l ea m o d e r nr e - e n a c r m c nutn i r r r a l e l st o a d j s p l a !s i r cb v
: r ni n s i g h ri n t o t h e s a r l a r c o f a p c r i o da n ds u g g e ssra t s i n \ h i c h horsclcsstransporl- orders are nill ncccssarvto ensurethat thc
l h e r u l c sc r n b e r e v i s e d N . o t e ! c r \ t h i n g t h e r e - c n a c k xd o e si s r o n t e r o b c l a k c n i s k n o N n . a n d t h a r a l l m c m b c r so f t h e u n i t
a p p l i c a b l reo t h c l d b l e l o pr n d i r i s u p r o l h e s a r g r m c r i n s i d et h e a . r i v ea l l h e s a m es i t c . r e a d f f o r r h e d i s p l a v a . r t h c s a m et i m e .
r e e n a c t o rI o d e c i d c\ h a t . i f a n r r h i n g .h e s h o u l dc h a n g ei n h i s A n e t l e c t i ! ec h a i no f c o m m a n dN i t h o r d e r siin s t r u c t b n si s s u e d
r u l e s . I $ i l l n o $ p r o p o s e i o o d i o r r h o u g h t f r o m m \ o N n $ e l l i n a d \ a n c e$ i l l e n s u r c t h a t r u n i t a r r i \ e sa t p o i n rA r e a d v
r\fr r( nccnl re1 n. i I1 ( l .,nJ{ ,rr.,nrr!. i o r a n y t h r n gr e q u i r e do l i t . D o c ! t h i sn r u n d l a m i l i a rr o y o u .t h e
I m l g i n e c o l u n n o f l r o o p \ m r c h i n gf r o m A l o B a n d t h e n
f i g h l i n g r t r a r t l e a l C \ \ h u t c o n c l i r i o n \d o t h e s o l d i e r s P o i n tA c o u l db . a t ( t r y nu p o n s h i c h r h e t r o o p sa r e b i l l e r t e d
c r p e r i c n c eo n t h e m r r c h . i n c l n p r r d d u r i n g b r n l c l u p o n t h e i n h r b i t a n t \ . S o n r e o n eh a s t o o r g . r n i s cr h e b i l l e t s .
L e t u \ s l u r ra l p o i n t A . l h e t r o o p sh a \ e n ) h c r J n l s s e d\.r l h R e e n a c t o r so c c a s b n a l l \s t a \ i n h o t e l s l s c h o o l w s .h i c h s o m e
u n l i o r n r n d c q u i p n r e n ti.n s p c c r e da n d m l d c r c a d \ r o m i r r c h . m o d e r n - d a ) A d r u t a n r h a s o r s a n i s c d .P o i n r A c o u l d b e a
I n . r ' n r ' . , r u r nO r r t . . ( ,r ' r . . n . J n r . . r . . r n f. .r^ r . , i . , r r . . , .cra m p - s i t eI.s t h c . c c n o u g hr o o m l b r L r ll h e l c n t r t o b e e r e c t e dl
r h e r D c n r b c rosl h i s u n i r sa n c li n l i r f l nt h c n $ h e r c r d i s p h ! i s ( ) W h o . r c t st h c p i t c ho n I h c n i c ed r \ t u r f . a n d $ h o h a ! t o c a m pi n
l\ \.I, Tl, \ , _ . , r . r . nr.! , . r t n , ( r ' , . l h t n u d b \ t h c \ l a g n t r n p l o n d$ r r h i t s f l \ i n g r . s i d c n t ! l A p o o r
a
camp-siteresultsin gumbling anongst the troops, and hencea vantagepoint or be constantlyon the move. The latter option
lower molale. In your wargamescampaign,whereare your may find him at one end of the field when somethingcrucial is
troops quartered? happeningat th€ other.
When troops are in camp their tents are set out in orderly On a reginental level, commaod and control of a unit
lines,with armsstackedand spaceavailablefor parade.Many rcquires etrective co-operation between officen and NCOS.
Societiesrecr€atethis type of authenticcamp-sitewhich canbe Onceengaged,units tend only to seethe enemyunits directly in
seen at events stagedby the Napoleonic Association and by froot of them, and be unawareof the oth€r units, ftiendly or
someof the American Civil War groups. It givesa very good otherwise.,in the vicinity. The smokeandconfusionof battle are
idea of rvhat a period camp-sitewas like. while re-enactors real enough even in re-enactments.Those wargamen who
makeconcessions to modernstandards ofhygiene(usually,but igDorethe effect of smokeon their armiesare missingout on a
not alwaysl), j ust imaginelvhat it must havebeenlike in saythe factor that can rcally spiceup their games.
Napoleonicperiod, whenan army of 50,000mencamped.what Manoeuwing troops requires skil and judgement. In a
epidemicsdo your wargamesforces suffer? wargameyou canjugglethe units to ensureth€y donl get mixed
The logisticsinvolved in historical warfarewere tremendous. up. In a battle re-enactmentunits can becomeentangledvery
The tents had to be transported and erected, with some easily, especiallyif two or more regimentsare attempting to
ovevorked Qua(er-Master General trying to organiseit all. advancein line together. Trces, bushes,rccks aDdman-made
wlen the troops arrived they would immediately set about obstaclesa hinder the orde y movementof troops. A line of
gatheringfirewood from surroundingwoodland and buildings soldiers advancing over rough ground can easily become
with which to cook their meals.The quantity ofwood required bunchedor spreadout unlessthere is tight control by officers
to keepone re-enacimentcampfiregoingover a weekendis andNCOS.Lack of effectiveNCOSon the flanksmakesthe task
quite substantial. An almy of 50,000 must have completely of control difficult.
denuded an area of anything combustible. What if an almy Fomation changestake time andrequire soundjudgementas
could not get enoughfirewood? This would meanno hot food, to the right momentto order them, for enemytroops can move
and an empty belly can contribute to a lowering of morale. fast to take advantage of disorder in the opposing mnks.
What about food for the troops? Re-enactoNgrumble if they Likewise, an officer mustbe quick-witted to take advantageof a
are not givenenoughtime during the weekendactivitesto cook situation, yet at the sametime not jeopardisehis commandor
their meals. How do food suppliesaffect your wargamesarmy any adjacentfriendly units.
when on camparg!? wlat would happen if enemy forces Altbough re-enactmentsare pretend battles, with no real
capt$ed your supplyof meat oDthe hoof? casualtieson either side. the smoke. noise and confusion are
Havingbreakfasted, brokencamp,donnedtheirequipment, certainly real enoughto affect morale. I can recall standingon
whichall takestime andorganisation, ourimaginarycolumnof the ridge of Mont-St.Jeanin 1985,on the right flank of th€
troops is now on the march. I must admit to not enjoying Allied Arny, feeling distinctly apprehensiveabout the massive
rc-enactmentall that much while trudging through a torrential column of French soldiers advancingtowads my unit, while
downpour.Equipmentgetssoaked,is uncomJortable, andhas enemycavahywerc gallopingto ow flank. I later leamt that the
to be dded and cleanedat the end of the day, Musketsrequire soldiers in that colurnn were impressed and not a little
their firing mechanisms to be well wrappedand a plug (cork concemedabout the silent British line awaiting them.
usually) in the muzzleto keep water out. Morale tendsto fall Morale is an important factor in re-enactmentsand war-
Marchingin the bakingheatalsomakesyou think aboutthe games.There is the generalmorale of a unit, affectedby
troops of the period that you represent.Tight-fitting strapsand tlaining,leadership andpdde in the unit, andwh.t I wouldcal
a hearry packareconstantly noti€eable in a heatwave,andI have localmorale,that is, positionon the field, neamess of friendly
knownnew recruitsto suffermorethan the veteranmembers and enemyunits,ammunitionstocksand, aboveall, how the
underiheseconditions.Lack of watercauses problemson the unit hasbeen usedduring ahebattle. It is impossibleto writ€ a
march,asdoesan excessof alcohol.This is a similar situationto perfect set of wargamemorale rules, but re-enactmentdoes
that experienced by wellingron'sArmy in the Peninsulaon a highlight the most important factors to include.
numberof occasions,and is a factor that could play a key role in I hopethat I havegivenyousomethingtothinkaboutasyou
a wargames campaign. marchyour wargamesarmy from A to B and fight a battle at C.
While endless marches (and these do occul at some Re-enactmentis wargaming on the grand scale and many
re-enactments, especiallyon the Continent),lack of liquid re-enactors I know have used their practical experience to
refreshmenr andthe weatherall contributeto loweredmorale, modify their wargarnesrules. Some of the points mentioned
once the troops arive on the battlefield their minds become above lend themselv€sto a wargamescampaign, such as the
concentrated oDthe fonhcomingengagement weatherwhilst on the march, type of billets, areasin which the
In a battle by the Napoleonic Association each Brigade troops camp and the health of the army. Skirmishgames€ould
Commander hasto decideon thebestdispositions of hisforces. includedifferenttypesof officerandNCO. ExperieDced senior
wlile the scriptdoescontributeto this,it still requiresskill to ranls will have a greater control over theh troops, while an
disposethe troopsto advantage. Orden mustbe conveyedby officer new to the regiment may make some dangerous
trustworthy and competent Staff Officers, and on many ar mistakes.
occasiontheseorderswill be superfluousby the time they reach Ifyou wantto takeyourwarganinga stagefurtherthenjoin
the units, as local ciicumstances will have changed.This time one of the manyRe-enactment Societies in the UK. Not only
delay in issuing and executing orders can be crucial, and is will you partake of a very enjoyable hobby but you will
something that all wargamesrules should includ€ (perhaps experience the samethoughtsandemotionsthatweinflictuPon
underthe heading'TheFrustrationFactor'). our metal soldiers. Try it; you may be surprisedat what you
Arny Commanders must try and anticipate the enemy
(re-enactment units have been known to write on their own
scriptshalfwaythrougha battle!). When battle displaysare
fought in a large arena,the Commanderfacesa major problem
in keepingcontrolof theengag€ment overa widearea.Unlikea
wargamerwho hasa bird's-eyeviewofthe entiretabletop,the
re-enactment Conmandermust either positionhimselfon a
 43

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NTAIL ORDER SPECIALISTS
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MMI 5 tuleion corner 12.25
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MML 22 Slraisht
coanlinewithbeach !2_75
MML 23 Corr;r coanwnhhea.h t2.15 ShipForms(cDW)
MML 2.1Coanlinewithinlet t2.15 SubForms{cDW)
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 ltt lutt I\cL'klcr al Butl.D:rtttl

ln l,trurr\ lStl-r \Jr!ll i(n.. .!n\i.1in! ot I hrndlul ,)l liill\h

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r t | . . L J r . ( L ' l t h . r t i \ . r \ . \ l r . r . r h t . f L l ,Lj 1l , f . r r r \ t r L r i . . r \ l . r
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 A smalldilapidatedhut (stableor store)wasmadeup and
gluedto onesideof the tower.Whendry the buildinewasduly oLD Stllrfl florEL
painted with householdmatt undercoats,cellulose(ozone
friendly)spraypaintsandHumbrolsfor final detailsanda little
dry brushing.
Ahardboardbasesome12by 10incheswaslandscaped with
polystyrenehidden by plasterwork,and the tower set in

Somefinal 'makinggood',asbuilden call it, alongthe base

line of the buildingswascompleted.A tree anda bushor two
t llflISr
added,and so a useful 'dumrnyrun' nade and experience
gainedfor the largecastleto comel

5t{/rlf ED
DIMENSIONS
Tower-8incheshigh
Towerwalls- 4 inchesat base lldrrogate
l,largrners
Club
llorthern6dnersConvention
SOURCES
Chitrul, The Stoty of a Minor Stege,by Sir ceorge Robertson
TRRDE
STRl|DS
publishedby Methuen& Co. 1898.
DElt0[slRRII0ll II{EI IUYSTRIID
Illustrationsby the author. RIID
PRRIICIPNTIOII
Tribesrnen
andIndianArnyfiguresbyTradirionandJohnRay, 6RilES
paintedby John and the author.

.;-\-*=..-

l- A A;&,,ti
-Ta,g"t
-
lt 16
TTIEBATTI.EOF SANDERHAUSEN
by Garty Broom and John Boadle

ACCOUNTOF THE BATTLE By 3 o'clock the Swissbatralionson rhe Frenchright had

advanced to the woodsin fronl ofEllenbach.A fiercefire,fighl
This accountis the first of a plannedseriesof articleson now developedbelweenthemandthe Hessianleft-The restof
lesser-known aclionsof theSevenYearsWar.mostof whichar€ Isenburg's linewasnow underartillerybombardmentfrom rhe
inadequately coveredin Englisbtext books. Frenchbatteries.unableto effectivelyreply he order€dhis
The bartleof Sanderhausen is a snall actionin the Westem wholeline to advance.
theatreof theSYW,whichtook place2 milesNEofKassel(now TheHessiancavalrygreetedthisorderwithgleeandcharge
parl of West Gerrnany)on 23rd July 1758,betweenPrinz downon the flank ofthe unhappySwissbrigade,putting
thern
lsenburgcommandinga rnotley Hessianamy and Duc de to flight. Broglie then orderedhis ight-wing cavalrybdgade
Brogliein chargeof the French. forwardthroughthe gap the Swisshad vacated.Theserhen
Isenburghadcbosenhis positionon a risingslopeofground engaged thepursuingHessiancavalryin a furiousmelee,before
just to the NE of Sanderhausen. The left wasprotectedby a the Hessianswere forced back behind the shelrerof their
smallstreamin a steeplywoodedravine,al the headoI which infantry.
wasthe largefarm or manorhouseofEllenbach.The Hessian The Frenchcavalrywasthenin turn stoppedby fire from
the
rigbt flank wasguardedby the very steepbanksof the River Hessiansupponinginfantry and withdr€win somedisorder.
Fulda- Rallying,the Hessiancavalrytried to follow the retreatins
The Hessianpositionwason the wholea goodone,bul wasa French.bur were \roppedby supponrngtire trom rhe french
tdfle over-exlended,with very little res€ne. Broglie had Foot.Both brigadesofcavalryhadnow sufferedseverelyfrom
observedlsenburg'spositionand had decidedto attackthe losses andfatigue.subsequendy theytook no turtherpartin the
Hessianleft and drive il back onto lhe Fulda. proceedrngs-
At 1o'clockbothsidesweredeployedin thepositionsshown ThiscavalrybattlehaddelayedtheFrenchadvance consider,
on the map. lsenburgordered lbe HanoverianJager and ably,(it wasnow approaching 5 o'clock)andhadcausedsome
Land-Regt.Frey,valdto moveforwardtooccupyEllenbach and disorderin their ranks.The Hessianline was,however.in a
the nearbywoods.Meanwhilethe Frenchwereslowlyadvanc- worsestate of disorder,probablythroughthe effectsof the
ing up the slope. Frenchartilleryfire and the inferior disciplineof the Hessian
240 200 160 160 260 240 260 280
rI:

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FBENCH ARMY
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tb French Forces River/Stream Conloursat 20minrervals.
al @ Scale1:12500
 17

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Colours!t FeadrnsSeDr,5/i6th

When replying to adverts please nention Wargames fllustrated.

miliria battalions. of i! on his far left.

The two militir battaUonsofWurmb and Grunlach began to
clump togetber in self-proiection, becoming a massof uncon,
trollable hunanily. Losing all formation and disobey'ng all
orders lhey began ro edge backwardsaway from the fighting.
The infantry regiments Canitz and Isenburg cont;nued to
advancepast the unruly massof militia and closed in rowards
each other. Thus the disordered nilitia becane a second line
and a massivegap had appearedberweenCanitz and the scene
of lhe renewed fighting at Ellenbach.
On rhe French right flank Broglie had sent some of tbe
grenadier companiesto aid the Swiss,who had renewed their
fight againstthe gallant Jriger.Despite this the Hessianlefi wing
conlinued to hold rhem off with the ulmost bravery.
Meanwhile, on rhe orher side of the battlefield, an infantry
batile was raking place berlveenthe HessianIjne and the main
French line. with one side then the other being forced back.
Also. tbe Hessiangrenadiershad beenable to rnovealongthe
steep wooded bank of the Fulda 1o take up a nore advanced
posirion- An epic firefight rhen ensuedberweenthe grenadiers
and jager on one side and the French units of Beauvosois.
Rohan and Fischeron the other. The Frenchfired offalloftheir
ammunition with little effect and were driven back in disorder
with heavylosses.The ApchonDragoons $,eresenitohelp. but
The two infanrry battalionsofCanitz and lsenburghad during
this infantry fight ended Dpwilh theirright nearlhe grenadiers.
but with their left now bent back towards the Fulda. Thus the
Hessian centre was now completely open and their line of
retreat towards Munden threatened.
However Bro-qliewas in no position to iake advantageof lhis.
as he was making no progresson his right and getring the worst
Bythistime. ( it was now about 6:30) the militia, joined by the
less thrn heroic lnvalids, were so badly frightened that tbey
were blazing aNay withoui distinction at ftiend and foe alike
The battle line was now bent back to a SWNW axis, i.e. had
pivoted around by nearly 90 degrees.Broglie now ordered up
the 3 banalions of his centre brigade. and instructed all 7
battalions of his left 10 clear the woods along the banks of the
Fulda with rhe bayonet.
During this movement. lsenburg had realised that further
resjstance was useless. particularly in view of the pitiful
condition of the militia and invalids. At 7 o clock iherefore, he
ordered his troops to retreat along the banks of th€ Fulda. This
they did without undue firing orwithout bieakinginto panicand
running-
Around this time the French had advancedtentatir'elyto the
edgeoftbe wood and found that the birds had flo\i'n. They then
senl Fischeis light rroops after the retreating Hessians.civen
the exhaustionof the troops. the difficult terrain and the facr
that bad weather was now threatening. a pu.suit in more
strength was thought unwise.
Sinilarly, the Hessiancavalry trolted off down ihe nain road
to Munden wiihour being rroubled by the French Horse.
ajthough the French artillery fired a few paning shols afler
The Hessianleft had kepl its posiiion around Ellenbachtothe
last. even making a few counteraltacks. They only lefi their
positionswhenit becamedark al around 9 o clock. They were in
goodorder and by usingroadsthelr reachedMunden before the
remainder of the army.
Meanwhile. Broglie s nen made ihemselvescomfortableand
had campedon the baitlefield. Despite rhe stubborn resistance
of the Hessians.he had finally won the day.
48

FRENCHORDEROF BATTLE witb its very steep baflks guarding the Hessian righr. and the
sieeplywooded valley with the stream through il on lsenburg\
Duc De Broglie left. If necessarythese can be represented by a nixture of
Front line, left to right lichen. cork rocks. cal litter and trees. Finally Ellenbach farm
Chasseursde Fischer 400lr.inf. can be representedby modelbuildings surroundinga courtyard
Brigade,2bns.De Beauvoisis 1660inf. into which figures can be placed.
2 bns-De Rohan
Brigade.lbns.DeuxPonts(Geman) 1200inf. TROOP NUMBERS AND REPRESENTATION
2 bns. Royal Bavidre
Brigade,2bnsDiesbach (Swiss) 1600inf. As the Frenchbattalionsareunderstrengh, rhetwosidescarbe
2 bns.waldner (Swiss) represented by the followingl
I Squadron Vols.De Nassau 150lt.cav.French
l0 Companies Grenadiers 450inf. 6 battalionsof 12 figureseach(3 brigadesoI2 battalions).
(7 coysprecededthe Swissasskirmishers.3 coysprotectedthe I L;ght unil of 6 figures(Voluntairesde Fischer)
right flank) 1 grenadierunit of 6 figures
4 cavalryunits of 6/8 figureseach (2 brigadesof 2 regts.)
Secondline, left to right consisring of l unitofdragoons.I ofhussarsandtwo ofHorse
Brigade,4 sqnsApchonDragoons 780cav. I heavygun
2 sqnsRougravecav. (Walloon) I mediumgun
Brigad€,2sqnswurttemberecav.(Cernan) 780cav. 2 battalionguns
2 sqnsRoyalNassaucav. (walloon)
Hessian
2 'qn, Ro)alAllemand.dv.(Cerman)
5 battalionsof 12 figureseach( 2 l i n e , 3 m i l i t i a ) .
Arfillery 1 grenadierunir of 6 figures
12 batlalionguns: 4 pdrs I j:iger unil of 6 figures
8 guns:8 pdrs (medium) 2 cavalry regts. of 6 figures each (1 of dragoons, l or
8 guns:12pdrs (heavy)
approx.240gunnen 3 batlalionguns.
(Thesecanof coorsebe adjustedto your figurescale;we use
Total Str€ngth:app.ox.7,200 1:50)
Ratingsof the Troop Types
HESSIANORDER OF BATTLE Mostgoodrulesystensfor mid'eighteenth centuryconflictuse
t$'o-tiaredratings.one for moraleand anotherfor discipline/
Lt, Gen.Prinzzu Isenburg firing. The followingratings.therefore.usethis convention
Iront line, Right to left
l coyJeger 200lt.inf. FrenchRatings moral€ disciplin€/ftring
5coysGrenadie^ ,100inf. Frenchline infinrry Average Poor
l bn lsenburglnf-Regt. 700inf. Swissin{anlry Good Poor
l bn LandRegt.Wurmb 600inf. Light infanlry Poor Average
I bn LandRegt.Gundlach 600inf. Grenadiers Good Average
l bn CanitzInf.Regt. 700inf. Artillery Average Poor
2sqnsPruschenk Cuirassier
Regt. 360cav. FrenchHolse Average Average
I sqnPr. FriedrichDragoonRegt. 160cav. FrenchDragoons Average Poor
1sqnHessianHussars 180cav. FrenchHussars Poor Poor
l bnLandRegt.Freywald 600inf. HessianRatings morale disciplineriring
2coysHanoverian Jager 320x.inf. Hessianline Average Good
Hessianmilitia Poor Average
Grenadiers Good Good
2coysinvalidi (reservists) 600inf. Jager Good Good
Artillery Average Average
A.lillery HessianDragoons Average Average
i0 battalionguns:3 pdls Hessiancuirassiers(Horse) Good Average
80 gunners
As crn be seen ftom the table of ratings above. the Hessians
Tobr St.en6h: 5,500 have the better firing, with morale on both sides being fairly
equal. TheFrench havethe advantageof nurnbers-This leadsto
a battle where either side can win.
WARGAMING SANDERHAUSEN
The battle of Sanderhausenwas chosen becauseit was; FICUREAVAILABILITY
1. An ideal snall action suitable for those just starting the Lm o'tly familiar with 25mm nges for this period. For
period or for those wanting to fight a re-enactmentthat can Hessians you can usefiguresof Prussians
withoutanyneedof
be completed in one evening. alteringor conveting.
2. It is fairly eveflly balanced, with both sides able to achieve Thebestandmoslcomprehensive rangefor thisperiodis that
victory. (This is surprisingly rare in histoical battles.) of Front Rank Figurines.Thesecan be supplemented by old
3. The battle involves units of differing types which leadsto a Hinchliffefigures(availablefrom Skytrex)with someRAFM
varied and interestinggame. and RSM bits.
Uniform informationcan be obtainedfrom the excelleni
TERRAIN seriesof bookletsby PengelandHun, Funckens two bookson
The terrain can be represenredby a flat battlefield. 'f a slighl the'Lacewars andfrom Motto s Uniloms olthe Sewn Yeo6
slopecannot bemodelled. The important featuresare theFulda
 49
A MWII.PTTYERED,
IIiTNY.TTEIED, 'NASIY
IIMPNE.KilEGSSPIEI,TD I{ORMII{S
BASf,
8YZ[MII{ES'
GAMEWITIII.M.V.'d
UT.R.C.
by Alan Buckland & the EssexWariors
INTRODUCTION The Citadelwasplacedin the centreof thehallon top of two
stageblocks,therebymakingit higherrhanthe ptayingtabtes
Over the years, I have r€ad many very good articlesin and
a naturalfocalpoint for defendersand attackersalike.
wargaming magaTines. describingeilherspec'alscenario games
or campaigns,especiallyof the "potted" variety. I cannor
howeverrecallseeingnany articleson the subjectof mulri- THE RULES
playergames.Myclub, EssexWarriors, islbelieve,developing I have already mentionedrhe naturaltendencyfor siegesto
something of anexpertisein thistypeofgameandthefollowing developinto sloggingmatchesand thiswassomerhing that we
is a gamethat we foughtwith over 30 peoptetakingpart. soughtto avoid.We thereforedecidedto use WRG Ancient
To beginwith I think thatI oughttodescribe somethingofthe Rules(6th Edition) as a foundation,but with cerrainexcep-
background to thisparticulareventandthescaleofpreparation tions.Theruleswereto beusedonlyformovementandcasualty
that is necessary for a gameof this size. calculation:se usedour own reaclionlesLrulesdnd umprre
We wantedto devisea gamethat couldbe playedby a large controlledKreigsspiel wasusedto ac€ommodate the innovative
numberof members,but all playershadto feel that they were genemlandto coverfor unforeseen difficultiesthatwerebound
integralandthat they couldmakea contributionto the overall to cropup with ambushes andthe like, whichWRG coversso
picture.We thereforedecidedthatthegamewouldbefoughton inadequately.
a circulartablepatternwith the attackerson the outsideofthe Our reactiontestrulesare still in ahe"testing"stageandare
circle,facingin andthe defenders "trapped" inthe middlearea very simple;we €all them Initial MoraleValue (IMV). These
of rhe hall wherewe meer. sprangfron a deep dissatisfaction \rith the WRG Reaction
The scenariobecamethat of a siege,and becauseof rhe Test,wheresubjectto dicethrow, it is possible for a givenunit
prevalenc€ of"Dark Ages"armiesatourclub,the protagonists to changefrom beingnonetoo happywith life one period,to
becameNormanbesiegers andLate Byzantinedefenders. The impetuositythe next, and backagain.We wanteda consistent
membersall contributedtowardsthe scenicelementsand rhe systemthathadan elementof luck withoutbeingalmosttotally
armies,whichexpanded rapidlyasour organisarionalambitions dependentupon it.
Under the WRG systemit matterslittle whar "ractical"
factorsaffectthereactiontest,asin mostcasestley cancelea€h
THE CITY otheroutwith asmallresidualfaclorwhichis added/subtracted
Rightat the outset,we wantedlhe Byzantinedefenders to feel to/from the dice throw. The WRG test is almost entirely
coopedup andgenerallyunderthreat,astheywouldhavefeltin dependentuponrhedice lhro$ I amnorcomplaininB aboutrha
a realsituation,andso we cameup with four mainbatrleareas dice throw as there must be an element of luck; but the constant
located1(rthe North, South,East,and Westand righr in the reassessmenl of a unit'sreactionsunderWRG. eachDeriodin
middleof the hall we placedtbe citadel.whichwasro be rhe \ o m e c a s e \ , m e r n r l h a l t h e d r c e l h r o w -maximum
c r n o b v r u s tarr. r n i h e o
Normans'objective.Havingplannedandplayedin a numberof leasl.rangef'oma-minimum one period roa ihe
largegamesI havefoundthatthe physicallocationof tablesand next, and back again. The r€sults can therefore be unrealistic
playerscan createan atmosphereof threat which helpsthe andareobviouslyunpredictable because thevaryingdicethrow
playersto play in characterwith the table top situation. playssuchan importantpart in the testingprocedure.
The mainassaults would take placein the North and South Withoursystemea€hunit'sintialmoraleisdecidedbelor€the
usingtheNormantroopswithancillaryattacksin tbeWestand game and it remainsthe samethroughoutthe game (well,
East using Viking type mercenaries. The North and South almost). This has three benefits: firstly, it provides the
tableswere 12' x 5'each and five plaversa sidein eachzone, consbtencythat is la€kingwith WRG; secondly,it allowsthe
with the West and East tables,occupying8'x 4,, had three generalto planhisbattlein the full knowledgethat someunits
playersa side in eachzone.There were in addition.Z ioint trll do as they are ordered,whilst sone will definitelynot; a
Byzanrine Commander*rn-Chret in rhe oladel and va;ous generalshouldbe allowedto know his army'smoraleat the
aidesde camp. outset.Thirdly it speedsthe gameup without the incessant
Then we had to designthe City in sucha way that it was ritualof dicethrowing.Thisdoesnotnecessarily m€anthatunih
realistic, defendablewithout becoming an impasse,and wiihagoodIMVwill a/rraFdo astheyareordered,but theycan
conversely,vulnerable to an attack withour rhe defence be relieduponexceplin extremecircumstances, whi€his to my
collapsingafter half an hour- In short,we had lo srrikea fine mind a fairly realisticconcept.
balance,andwereveryawareofsiegehistorybeingoneofdour In history,therew€reveryfewgenemlswhodid not knowthe
sloggingmat€hesfor the mosr parti sloggingnatchesdon't morafeof their noops beforcthe battlei thosewho did not
alwaysnake for interestingwargamesand we wanted to botherto find out usuallydid not live for very long!
encourage innovationand strategy. The "initial morale"is decidedas follows:
Wethereforecameupwirh theCiryplandetailedinFig.l. AI Aclassunits=2xdice+6
tableshad naturallysited defensivepositionsupon which a Bclassunits=2xdice+4
defensiveline could be based,but coverselyall of these Cclassunits=2xdice+2
po!ition\were\trdregically rurnable.We al,o cater€d Ior the D classunits = 2 x dice only
"strategically aware"generalin tbat it waspossiblefor unirsto
switchzonesandhaveanimpactuponevenrsin areasorherthan Wild dice are used for Inegulars, and average dice for
thosewherea primaryresponsibilityexisted.This had to be Regulals. Dic€ are thrownonly oncefor eachunit beforethe
donein a relativelylow key fashionas we did not want every troopsareactuallydeployedon thetable.In usethroughourrhe
army crossrng to anothertable in a gameof..musicalchairt'. game * a chart split into Strategicand Tacticalfactorse.g-
"everytime an enemyunit is broken"a strategicfactor I is
For this reasonofftable moveswere Denatised witb a time of
factor;it couldbe severalperiodsbeforetheyreappeared, but addedto thevictoriousunit'sIMV pernarenlry;otherstrategic
whenthey did it cold be crucial.
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 51
-l for eachrecoiland Regularslosingtheir geneml zl0MediumInfantrvSDear 40Light Infantryrnostlybow
2 Irregularslosingtheir general 60Light Infantry m-ost:ly
bow
3 everytime that unit experiences
a rout l0 VarangianGuard,Super
HeavyInfantry
Strategic factorc have a permanent effect upon the IMV. l0 KlibanoDhoroi
SuDerHeaw
Tacticalfactorsonly affect a givensituationfor the purposesof a
reactiont€st.A testis conducred ar the requestof eitherplayer
or at the behestof the umpire.The final resultof rhe testis 50HeavyInfantry A{e 35Hea!ylnfantryLongSpear
compared to theWRG charttodererminewhataction,if any,is 50MediumInfantrySpear 50LighrInfantrySpear
takenwiththeprovisothatdisordered unitswouldtakethenext l0Berserks I0Kataphractoi
"band" on the cha( ,elow rhat of their
moralevalue_I think 50LightlnfantryBow(ship 25 Light Infan.ry Bow
that the WRG "carnp"doesnot believethat disorderhasany bomeassault)
bearingupon a unit's morale,however,any u r in a stateof
disorderwould experience confusionat least,andin manycases East East
a hostof other negative "vibes" as well. 4{lHeavyInfantry d{e 35HeavvlnfantrvLonsSDear
As mentionedabovethe "IMV" is still at the testingstageas 30MediumInfantrySpear 50Lrqhilnfantrv'SDear"
'lactical" l0Benerks l0Kalaphractoi
fhr asthe factorsareconcerned, but the resultshave 30LightlnfantryBow(after 25LightlnfantryBow
beenvery encouraging. Onceyouhavesomeexperience ofthis deductionfor casualties in
systemyouareabletomerelylookata unit'sposition,askfor its themanh) Rcserve
lMV, andcandecideinseconds whatits reactionwili be.Thisis 28Kataphractoi Guard
remarkablytime savingand, aboveall it providesconsistent, 40Varangiancuard (mounted)
realisticreactions,giventhe unit\ baseIMV. You soonleam 40Healy Infantry(nounted)
not to placeunils with low IMV'S in exposedpositionswhich
meansthat playersstartacringandthinkinglike generalsfor a Therewere in addition,and as mentionedabove,38 Extra
change. HeavyKnightsandup to 50 Heaiy Cavalryresenesthat coutd
be made availableto the Normans
I know that the WRG apologists will saythat the .,Reaction disaste(lhesewereundercontrol in the event of an earty
Tesl"isnotjusta reflectionofmorale,but surelyanyreactionto ot the Umpires.
No goodgameis without its metaphorical'lpannefsin rhe
a given situationhasitsIoundationin the stateof moraleofthat works and rheselook Lheform o[ porentialcivilianuDnsrns5
lhat couldoccurin falour of eitherside;agarn,rheseueie
umpirecontrolledandcouldbe thrownin to divertanyonerhat
TIIE ARMIES wasdoins too well too earlv!
Both armieshad to be eoualin caDabilities if not in size.The I musr;mphasise rhatrhe!amewasplanned roatlowup rol0
Normansweresplitintofour assauliforceswith the mainarmies people to enJoylhemselves lor a wholedry. Eadyvrdorywasto
being in the North and Sourh.There was in fact a reserve be drscouraged. dnd rhisqas wherethe umprreshad ro prove
Normanforceaswell,althoughtheplayer werenot awareofiis
sizeorcomposition,andhadno controloverwherherthisforce
wasintroducedandwher€;this wasumpireconrrolled. TI]E STORY
The Byzantineswere split into five forces,four of which Everygame shouldhave itsscenarioandthiswasnoexception.
directlyfacedthe Normans,with a centnl reservebasedonthe The City was called Ephigeniaand locatedon the Westcoast
Citadei. of the Creek mainlandaround the year 1070.The Norman
I do not proposeto givetoo muchdetailofthe variousforces Baronsof Italy were castingcovetousglancestowardsthe
involvedasrherewerein fad almostI,500figuresin use,but I ByzantineEmpire.
will describethe loosemake-upof the differentannies. Itjust sohappened thatthe burghersof Ephigeniahadgrown
We did not wanteachopposingforcero be equalasthiscould tired of the militaristicrule of the Byzantinegovemorand
"invited' the Normans to come and liberate them. The
leadto sralemate situations.We wantedto encourage sirategic
thinkingregardingthe deploymentof reserves and decidedto Normansacceptedthis kind invitationand despatched a large
givetheNormanattacktheadvantage in termsof resources invasion
that "had forceaidedand abetted by bandsofViking raiden who
were inmediately avail^ble. The Normans therefore had the nothingbetterto do" at the time.
initiative and an immediatenumericalsuperiorityithis was The ByzantineEmperor,forewarnedof the Normanartack
"grapevine"had despatched
offsetby the prepareddefensive positions,includingambushes, the irfamous
by elementsof his
ofthe Byzantines andthefactthattheByzantineswould beable Western Army including 2 regiments of the feared Varangian
to deploytheirreserves at a laterstageonce thevariousNorman Guard, tosupplem€nt the existinggarrison, and holdtheCity at
attackshadbeenassessed andthe areasof weakressidentified. all costs.A militaryengineerwasalsosentto adviseuponthe
We thereforedecideduponaresources allocationasfollows: defenceof the City.
But the Normanslandedunopposedin Creece,with the
Normans Byzantiner Byzantine navylrid up in pon wrthstormdamage froma recint
North North gale. They de€ideduponan assaulttuomall four sideswith the
60HeavyCavalrywith Lance 30Kataphractol Viking raiderslandingin the port to the West,andpenetrating
q0Hea!)Inlanrryvdrious armso0Hea\ InfanlDLongSpear the supposedly impenetrable marshesto the East;thh Eastem
l0MediumlnfanrrySpear 10| ichrInfanrr)mosribb$ force had its morale reducedby 3 becauseof its d€cidedly
60 LighrInfantrymosdybow armed uncomfortable 24 hour splashthroughthe marshes.
-. armed l0varangianGuard,Super The defendersin the North felt securebehindthe massive
SiegeTrainincluding2 siege Heavttnfanrry
towers Citywall, but in th€Souththewall hadfalleninto disrepairand
10KlibanophoroiSuperHeavy
Lavary couldoffer little hindranceto a seriousassauh
The scenewasset.At dawna heavyseamist shroudedthe
South South City and the defenderscould see no further than 50 yards
T0HeavyCdvulrywith I ance J0Karaphracror outsidethewalls.Noisescould be heardfrom theNorthcomins
60HeavyInfantryvariousarms60HeavylnfanrryLongspear closerand closer,and thensuddenly. . .
 52

TIIE BATTLE ships;this rapidlybecamea rout. In the Eastthe Vikingshad

Thegamestartedwith the defenders suddenlysightingthesiege nowrccoveredtheircomposure andproceeded toannihilarethe
towersin the Northwhichwereagainstth€ City wallsinthefirst opposition which had been weakened by the despatching ofits
period.Because of theirweakness (thewall wasverylong),the Kataphractoi to help in rhe North who didn't really need this
defendersbasedtheir tacticsupon ambushand delay, and help.In the NorththeNormansnowsweptiheircavalryaround
therefore only a nominal resistancewas offered on the wall aowards theWestbut for somereasonspentlhe restof thegame
itself. being mesmerised by hall thei numberof Byzantines.The
The Normanstook four periods to establishrhemsetves infantry became bogged down in streetfightingand although
within the City, at which stagethey were readyro atta€k. they were advancing, progresswasvery slow.
In theWestthe Vikinglongships landedagainsr.he moleand Despitetheintroductionofthe Normanreserves in theSouth
found that the oppositionwas 200 yards away behind a aheir infantry centre was on the verge of collapse and the
baricadeofcartsandmarketstalls.Theyaho foundthatonly2 reserves themselves were attempting to break the Westem
ofthe 3 shipshadturnedup; the third waslostin the misr.The flank of the Byzantinedefences.
Vikingsnevertheless musteredtheir forcesand advanced. ln the Wesl the Viking assaultwasrow all but annihilated,
At thisstagethe BeNerksgot a rushof bloodto theheadand but in the Eastthe Byzantines hadcollapsed andthevictorious
went off in a completelydifferentdirectionto thal intended. Vikings marched on the Citadel. The various Byzantine
Whenlast seenthey were forcingan entry into a houseof ill commanders now becameawareof this criticalsituationand
reputeand were out of actionfor a further five periods. despatchedcavalry units back to the Citadel whi€h was
Nothing happenedin the East and Southexceptthat the unprotected.The Vikings saw these units arriving al the
Byzantinesmarchedsome2/3 of th€ir centralreseres ro tbe Citadel,and tbeir conrnander,in an excellentpieceof role
Southhopingto inflict outrightdefeaton any assaultin that playing,decidedthal, beingmercenaes, discretionwas the
zone.This wasan extremelybold moveat suchan earlystage better part of valour, and they fell back ro loot the Eastem
but as eventswere to proveit wasa tellingone.
ln the secondperiodthe NormanSouthernattackcharged The Northem attack had now ground to a halt, and the
out ofthe mistandswarmedoverandthroughthe undefended SouthemNormanArmy was in retreat,with the withdrawal
wall;the Byzantines had established a defensiveline some300 beingcovered by theircavalrywhich wasstilla formidablesighl.
yardsto the rear, baseduponthe villasandthe Pagantemple. Whilst the Norman army and itshonourwas stilllargelyintact
Itwas to takethe Normansa furthertwo periodsbeforethey their strategic position was hopelessand the game wasawarded
werein apositiontoassaultthisline, whichasmenrionedabove to the Byzantines,who deservedthe victory with somefine
play. especiallyin the North where,outnumberedby
had beenconsiderably strengthened by the committingof th€ tacti€al
almost 2 to 1 they frustratedand eventuallydefeatedthe
By the fourth periodthingsweredecidedlyhouingup. Th€ Normanattackwithoutthe aid of reserves.
Northemattackwasin full swingwith cavalrypouringthrough
the captured gatehouses;the Vikings in the West were CONCLUSION
assaulting the makeshiftdefences erectedin the marketplace; This game wasby far the largestthat I haveseenin tems of
the southemattackwasadvancing towardsrhe Byzantineline participatingplayels, andin agameof thatsizetherer{asa long
and in the East a force of very tired bedraggled Vikingshad list ofthings that could havegonewrong.Mercifullylittledidgo
staggeredout of the manh and was anempringro suNive a
Byzantinecounterattack. The playersenjoyedthe game and the spectacleand this
The sixthperiodprovidedmeleesall aroundthe City andset reinforcedthe beliefthat gamesof this sizecanbe successful,
the s€enefor what waseventuallyto follow. In the North the given thorough preparationand the availabilityof capable
Norman commanderhad committed a gravetacrical error and umpires.I haveseentoo many gamesbecomeboggeddown
sentmixedattacksinto thebuilt-uparea;thiswasprecisely what with in€essantbickeringover rule interyretationand many
the Byzartineshadplannedandwaitedfor. The auackquickly peoplelosesightof the ta€ticalsituationwith whichthey are
boggeddownwith ambushes beingsprungfrom all directions facedon the tabletopas a result.This canonly be bad for the
andNormanunitsbeingforcedto withdrawandregroup.With development of the hobby.
hindsighttheNormancommandermay havethoughrit betterto Because ofthis I believethat the keyto success is to usefree
justholdthecentralwallareaandsendhiscavalryunopposed to Kriegsspiel whichaltowsrhe capableumpireto sizeup a given
West and East to win thosezonesfirst. The Byzantineshad situationand nake a decisionwithoul havingto resort to a
insufficient reservesto counter this move and in fact had no protractor,or a microscopeto find paragraph3, sub-section
sparetrcops at all to presstheir tactical advanragein the North. (d)(iii) on pase 37 or whatever.Our IMV rules worked
To the W€st the Viking attack had all bur failed and wirh the extremelywell, with the Vikings in the East, in particular,
arrival of the previouslymissinglongshipthey attemptedto behavingvery realisticallyin the circumstances.
regroupand await the inevitablecounter-attack. The same I hear that there h now a national resursenceiowards
story was eyident in the East with the Viking commander r\riegsspiel which is in m) humbleopinion.rheonly wayro pla)
strugglingto maintaincontrol over his troops,whosemorale Iargemultiplayerganeswherethe umpireswordmustbe law.
would not let them obey orders; half of the troops were I hope to write further articleson the multiplayer games
extremelyimpetuousandthe otherhalfweredoingeverything stagedbymyclubandwill keepyouupdatedonthefinalvenion
in their powernot to get involved. of the IMV testandotherAncientsrulesthat wecomeuDwith:
In theSouththeNomanswereunableto breakthedefensive Likemostof rhe maiorclubswe arewritingour o$n selot rules
line and did not attemptto outflankthe defendedpositions. to allowfor Kriegsspielgames in which,I believe,liesthetuture
And sothefirstdayofbattledrewto a ctose(lunchtime)with of our hobby.
theremainderofthe Byzaotinereserves beingcommitted to the Finally,I mustsaythat I haveno axeto grindoverthe WRG
We$ in an efforl ro secureviclor) in Lhatare-. rulesiI havebeenusingthem for over 10 yeals.But I believe
Day 2 startedwith the Normansdangerously stagnated.At that in attemptingto tightenup somesectionsand makerhem
this stagethe Norman reservesenteredthe ftay on the Southem moreplayable, theWRGhaslosttouchwith realism.The mere
frontin thehopeof bulldozinga holein thedefensive positions. fact that a new edition appearsevery coupleof yearsimplies to
To the Westthe Vikingsbeganan orderlywithdmrvalto their methattheWRGisitselfnotcompletelyhappywith theresults-
 53

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Like playingplay-by-maitwargames? Now there'sBATTLE- As a result of the recent AGM at MANCHESTTR AREA
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