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OLD
"
GLORY InstituteHouse,
New Kyo, Stanley,
Box 20
Calumet,Pa
Simply The Finest" Co.Durham,DH9 7TJ 1 5 6 2 1U, S A
Tel: (01207)283332 Tel: 4124233580
Faxr (01207)2Et902 Far: 4124236898

Morc p}olosof our highh successful25mnrCrusades bu\ AndI Coopcr$ith lhesee\amplcspaiited b\

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Also alailable from : Flmpcro.s IIQ i7l.l Westhvnrgldrk. Chiclgo.Illino;r ar0a)l-]USA /n tidr.s: Chdrf Dc lvla.s.I I Ilue
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 5

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WarframedJoundry
Mlnltnum Cr.dlt C!.d O.dor - !E.OO
The Foundry,Mount St, New Basford, Phon.0115 9792002 Or FAX 0ttE 9792209.
Ploa8. Includo th..xplry.trtc
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(1845-46)
Fint Sikh War SecondSikhWar (1848-49)
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 ,*1!,-ERg!p,$***,o.$,,ELQlL
870228FA!:0'1380
Tel:0'1380 871045
1/300rh wAR
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 Page
13 RichardMaffh

lE RusrPhillips
Contents
Breakout!KievPocketl94l
A smatlEasternFront scenario
RedBanner
TTIHIIH]H
2r R.J.Oliver c3
Conma t, Controland 1lt Mr*rAdveiro 13CB
Conm ut icatioDsin wargames 2lq M'd@lerMadrPId( 134
3ln M6r€les Slafitg Frh9 134
24 GaryHughes TheBatrleof BloreHealh,1459A.D.
Ea f Warsofthe Roses zction
6r.lRFrrs-r slsl'E FrE 1e3
26 GrahanL€vis Th€Co$sack 7l\t GErErbr?Pardrdv"rrtc
A shortnlililzrr stndr $a c4ra(hnblr itar$ Aid
glG C4r4bn alr sariE FrlE
29 P€leBro*n lnjin Ridge,l95l lA,iRCrF*A{'fdrtE(SEio) 136
Korean,var action lSrR GsBrler MadrAld (SIEJ@) 13tE
32 RichnrdPartridge Thel,€giondu Midi 14NBG.d* Surlrg FliE (SrElo)1305
19!B Cd* ttE€lngFiirg (Srd@) 1305
A briefhistorf oI theNapoleonic unit 16NRMrErdsadv'dE (srbro)1m5
34 DoninicSkelton TheAlliedArmi€s1940 17NRMrddsMrd' arbd(€rdo) 1305
Basft organisation for' RapidFire'ruIcs 1a{RMrddsslaieE FrrE €rEro) 1m5
19UBMrd€s KtediE FrtE (Shd@) 1e5
37 Ma*Dudley TheBattleofAntictan, lE62 2OlBFrsls ld.drir€ Fhdo) 136
ACWseDzriofor Yoller& Baronet 2lNB FEI€.lrardr A!* lsh&l 1&5
25rR FE&. s.rtE F|rE (srldo) 1305
23.rRF6Id lC€€r! Fn! (srur@) 1305
42 lanHeath 'Amostvillainous-lookingcavalcade' 25{B rda.tym adantB 0{ra) 1312
19thCenturyAlghat amr mitoms 2d.lBldatm M.dr ,.!d( rKiEl 1s12
27NBldarrrt1tr sandE FtiE 0CBl 1312
47 Ma{Attenborough D.B.A,HintCards 2e{F lraftyE ' KFe&EnrE 0{€) 1312
M*ing thenmpb easier
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48 Timcockr€ll Gr€ekHopliteShieldDevic€s 32.18JaqsICEiE FrtE 1€02 1NRtuoIA,ilsynH (SHo)
Brirrggreatetznthenticit!tolour CIRHoe AnleryEn 0{re,
lNF FoolfituryB (Barre)
55 Classiff€d
ads

11NFGr€n*P410v Co[nEd
2,1NRhtalry Cqmrn (shako)1&5
2s.lRldarry cqmrn ff!€9 r3r2
Front coverpicsl Top: An EnglishCiril War gane in 25nm
from a din anrl distant shotr at Kelhan Halt, Newark. So dim 65NzAdey l-l@ (srdctEd)
ancldistantthat I un'I rememberif it wassragedb the men of 6d{ZtulqY H@ fio$tE,
Detby ot the nen of Redcar.(Pe dps thiscould be the sta ol
anotherEngtish Civil wor?!) Belov: Napoleonic25nm action
ftom the WarqamesHolidat Centrc. Frcnch columnsatack a
British line. The WHC: genial Mike & Getry; fine t,oops; and 6ltc i/t{rred Je8ffer a oEVd

Warcanesllustratedis pubtishedon the last Thursdayof each

fiontlr ty- SlratagemPublicarions
Ltd.,18 LoversLane,Newa*,
Nofls.NG24l HZTel:01636 71973EDTTOR: Duncan Macfaane.
WPESETTING & BEPRODUCTION BY:Pressplan Services
Lld. 21NFCClidie.CldEt (se 1&Cl
PRINTEDin England.OISTRIBUTOBS: Comag Magazine 22irc cliBi{c.rmid (po3I13oo)
2clrc cliaircohnEid 1312
l,{arkeling,TavislockRoad,Wesl Drayton,MiddlesexUB77QE. 24Nrc Drdlm Cqmatd @€1s$)
USA:TheEmperolsHeadquane6, 57214WestlruingPa.kRoad, 25NFCD4@ cdrE d @d 130E
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soLE North American agent/ Rul6 601onpany and plaron size
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To t.qust d specitu lisnne: - U.s. CustomeF: Pleas€

s€nd a s€U-address€d stanped mvelope (sAsE) with
.IMPOREO HOAAYPROD'.ICI':'FBOUABOUNDlHE IIIIORLD' 52t starnp face value. Int€rnitional custom€rs: Please
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Phone (714) {'3&3580 drring sbore hours (U.5. Pacific
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stoe HouF: Mon.'Thu.1030AM to E PM (20:00)j Fn.10:30AM o.de6 dd int@.tional ooney ordd
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l0

NEWBURY& READING
WARGAMESSOCIETY

.q.-e

'ocolouRs
95"
THESOUTH'S
MASSIUEWARGAME
SHOWEVEN & BETTER
BIGGER
&17th
s SEPT.16rh ttEJl-E3{,,AtP*
READr
NG 10.30om
t3.00 por doy (chlld|ln under| 6 & OAPc | .50 per doy)
ENnANCEFEE!
fo
BARFOODAVAIIABLEChlld|enundei 5 Free 5.00pm
GIGANTICIRADEFAIR OTHER
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rFtJaci:' \ al..r\';'.
ATTRACTIONS
COT,4PEIITIONS
PAIMING & IV1ODELLING
WARGAIVIES ILLUSTRATED
TROPHY & CASH
PRIZE FORBEST DE/ONSTRATION
I\,4INIATURE
WARGAMES TROPHY & CASHPRIZES
FORFORBEST PARTICIPATIONGAIi]E
T,4ILITARY
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SHOW INPAINTING ANDI\,4ODELLING

\tr@- WARGAN,4E
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ANCIEMgDARKAGES MEDIEVAYRENAISSANCE, Chompiionof Chomponslrophy& pize,
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* NEWCOI/PETIIIONUSING'MAG *
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FUNDSRAISED
IN AIDOF MENCAP
8Y_NEWBURY
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FOR FREEACCOTIMODA|IONTETAILS,ENTRYFORMS,U''PIRE DETAILSSENDS.A.E. TO:
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 11

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ol a co€ ol €gular or mailedc€valrysupporl€dby swarmsof NH2 Bilish/Sepoyho6etrclting
clolhing,carryi.g a widevarielyol
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NH4 Narivehorsewirhdecoraredcladdingfor oflicednoblemen
NH5 Naliveho6ewilhpadd€d amour
NH6 Nalivehorsewithclothcovering
BFITISHCAVALRY NH7 NalivehoBewithstEppingand paddedsaddle
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NC4 LightDragoonchargang, swod out m a h o u. .t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . - . .t.z. -l ...0. .0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NC10 DismounledLighlD€goonlidngcarbine NX7 Nalivegunmounted ona bullock€d whichdoubles as ils
NC11 oismounled LighloEgooncrouching withcadine c a n i a g.e- . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .!.7. . 0
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NC22 Sepoycavalrymanin baided iackel,sepa.ateswod am penodaswell as unilom draMngs,scenarios,wargamesrulesand
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NC50 NativePdncein embossedamour wavingsword zs.OO+P&P(UKEl .00,Eu.opstl.50, Restofthe Wonde.00.)
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PA PFIGURES UK10%ol ode o1e LDtoC5000,tEl Dost'ee
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t2

Its Back!
The 2nd
"First Empire" NapoleonicShow
Sunday20th August1995
Bridgnorth L€isur€ Centre
Northgate,Bridgnorth,
Shropshire
U. 16setc.
Twic€lhe Size,but not twic€theprice!Admissioni1.00 Adults,50pUnaccompanied
Folowinglan year's$@6s, rve'ved€cid€d to goagain,socomemdjoin usin nistoricBridsnorth,
in sunnyru"t ShrcPshire.
we haveevenmoreNapol€onic demorlsEalioN, includirgwaterloo,France1814.Norlh€mIlaly 1?96,Batdeof lhePfmmidsdd norc.
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Donl how howto g€tftere?wrile or phoDefor a fr€eshowlocationguide!
At the time of going to prc$ the followitrg lYeders art rtteDding or will be reprEs€nt€dat the slow: AJ. Dumelon,
Bicone Miniatur€s, Britrnnia Miniaturc3, Bookstop,Chelifer Bookr, Conflict MidiatuEs, ConnofusanrFigurcs,
Curte$ Minirorcs, tr'alconFigurs, Fir3l f,mpir€, The Meltiad Model Soldier,Mayhem Mniatrrts, Statr Agar (Old
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SUNDAY6thAUGUST rn;cashle Games

At The MeicianModelSoldien
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bt llichurd Marsh
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r c a d v f o r m v p n r p o s e d d e mgoa m e a R L r s s i L r n F r ohnrtc a k o u t '
t h r u s t t h c C o r p C o m n r a n d . rs r d \ r n c c d b r t l l e h . r d ! u u r ^
s c e n r r r i ob. a s e do n o n e o f t h e c h a r a c l e r i s r iccn c i r c l . m c n i !o f
s u d d c n l yf o u n di t s . l f i n p . r i l
S u m n e r 1 9 . 1 1 I. s o o n r e a U s e dI \ r o u l d nr h a ! . c n o L r g ho f D e s p e r t r t e t o p i e r c e d r e s t i l l f l u j d G e m r a l r c o f .drol r d c s c a t c .
anrthing. why exactl) I choseto paxrt lhe panzcr di\ision HQ d c o l u m n o fR u l s i r n s u p p l ! v e h i c l c s l c d t \ l l m o t l e ! c o l l e c r i o n
I i r s t ( n o t t h e m o s tu s e f u o
l f f i g h r i n gu n i r s )i \ o p . n r o d c b a t e b
o l t a n k s t h f e r t e n e dt o s N a m pt h e r u d i o\ e h i c l e s. r d d . f c . c c
. ur
the original concept of a double skinncd Cerman cordon t r m p ! o f G c n c r a l G . ) f l o n S c h w e p p e r b L rsr . sH Q . I n t h c
fi-qht in-qoff RussianibrcesI rting ro break out and rclicfcolunrns t r a d i r i o no t G u d c r i a n\ b l i t z k r i e gs t n r l e g !I h i s r e h l i \ . 1 ) h i g h
trfing to break in w.rs out ol lhe quenion. Then I starred c o m m a n du n i t s a ! i n t h c r a n o f t h c a t t r c k i n gd i l i s i o o sa n d .
f e a o r n g. . . LJUthrsirl.Ju h r€ p r J e c , r r .' r , h n l . . . . r r . l l e. r1 t , , , r t . , .
gers.seemeddoomed to annihilatron
F o i u n a l e l i l b r \ o n S c h \ c p p c n b u . g .t h c a r m o u r o l l n d
VON SCHWEPPENBERG'S I-ASTSTAND C o m p a n v .l n d B a t a l i o n . 6 t h R . g i m c n r . l r d P ! n z . r D i \ l \ i o n
1 r m y G r o u p sC e n t r ea n d S o u r hr L e r c w a so o t y ( l ) 1 : m i l e sa $ a t . L e d b ! L i e r t c n x n tV o p c l t h i s r a r k
I n m i d S e p t c n b c r1 9 . 1 A
completingthe largen cncirclcmcnt of Russianfuces to darc. c o n r p a n f s I r u g s l e d I h r o u g h t h e m u d a r d r . a c h c d t h . i l
Guderian from thr north and !on Klcist fronl the soulh drove s t r i c k e n e cdo f p sH Q i n l h e r i c k o i t i n e .

PatEer Co4,s HQ. The

Getrctal la\s o nle tublec
toh as stalI offi(en phone
lot pi.:a5. ojfi.ets anLt
gua s b\ Britannia lapdn
lronl rcI ScotLasuat.ht,lg
his back). sisr.' llen b\
Dress wn, Rarenthorpc
heads. ittM(; Iutkrtg nj
hackgmund h Rarei-
thorpe. Yeil./er a/s Britan-
nia. xrrl! a, Archer bI]J/of
tlnt quick Eetard)!

wusons rcll' ,\n SIZ 5

o&1or tori|E tht k^t rard
itt ntobilc ftak.,\ Zr 5
krklcd w1 totku and
i.onr b/t'SJ tp thr rcdt.
Y€lrt.1ds bi Red S13r,
ll',So, ,5r BW Ntodcls '1,1
,Va;J br Skr''trer,./ch .",
t.fl lio"t risures.
Armou., Artillert gur.^.
l4

rO
>')
r"r i1\
/"9
$GEI|GA
m atmtnt onmnLmLrsgoo
STARFORTMODETS \-:, \_j-r !u Td 0r52173034,10nYrhe)
- **
lsroto deleDsive wclls'
For c coDplete r(lEge oi * -** ***H:#ffi's'*"-,^
towe$ eic, kolo A$cients to Nqpoleonics' rs;*.1#.6$Eiis"g.'T5;xf;it -. d"-'--
FullY illuslrdted catdlognre wilh scal6 pldls s"ls-:T,l'8l'-" "*'*-'*.,s'G,,,,'!ddi^G dd,ub{
senattl + A4 SSAEto:
,H€effi,ffitrr"sHr##;**'rrs]
2t Atnt.t Grangc ltt, I-.dl ISl2 3eA'
ffih#'mrmm:::
ttrilfl*.t1t*9,'o "*.*,.n!.,,c,d4sdd'* e

TIIE SCENARIO
tn.pit.a uy tt'i, incident.I envisageda scenarioitr whicb a
I#ffiffi*;Hffi,ugr#*l'es
'g:Yff"{'tfi
'.". *'.4sdd4draJs,i FrdEi*!!'rde'dr
parizerHCi unir ano irs aefenc€utrilshave€ncamped al^alev
IorO i"nitioo. n" intu"Lty battalion. forming Fn of the thin
cordJnencirctine lhe pocliet is deployingnearby A collection
oi escuoinenusii* iorcesthen appearat one comer of the
Lti".a'.soituterot acttlheroadandspeedlheirescapeoff ihe
The re-L€t
force is a panzer
far eDd of the playingsurface.
comDanv-arrivinqmid-table5moves(d6 1.2).6noves(d6 J 4)
oi ?Loies tdt 5,0-tafterfitstsightingolrheSovietuniLr'

TIIEFORCES
'l'h-.r.*",. u.ry'nu"h d"tenninedby *hatwasavailable(whicb
's at leastrea[adc)and bv my preference to useasmany new
units aspossible.
Rursirns The Germaniwill be deemedro havetron iltheyPreventthe
5) nuss;a* ictt'.u;ngrltis*d theGeneralandat least3 CorpsHQ
InfantrJRegiDent(rcm[a staff survive. tt itte HQ O..t turth€r than 12"from olher
HQ 6figues
HO 4figures Germanunits deduct2 ftom moralethrows
Bettrlior Whenolavedbv myseLfandJohn Durstonat warcoD94 tbe
3ComPades8figur€seach r*i" assai:ttiot tfat b-oav samenexl door (ogle oglel)anda
suPPortcoy 5figs,MMG,AT tiae, (Newark's
lighlmortar O"e UombingattackUy a-35mmarm€dwl Edilor
,"r*ii. tnE Sturmo;k) meanl an inconclusile first outing
Bsltrlion HQ 4figures garret olMarshTo\xers' Dad and
3Companies6figureseach Backhome,in rhe Plymouth
,rrro'gi' ro " na;ow Russian win in ? moves (liirle
coy' 4figs,MMG,AT rifle
SuPPort ii..^ t"iir.a
I x 76.2mm IG, Komsomolels devil!).
R€sitnealsuport GunCoY ThJ Soviet conmander needsto advancequickly into good
ATCoY 2x 45nmAT, manhandled to the roadis
2xT28s nre oositionsanaueutaownoppositiooasaccess
TatrkComp€ry oni;nk' and supplvvehicleswli gel
1xZis5truck ,.iol"a. vornti"ginruntry
Swplycoluotr ifr". t *"tO iD"tbe vital early noves The l-l5l is usetul
I x Stz5tractortowing poti,iont.butoolyaslongasitsurvivesflak and
wagonwithquadAA MMCS. ^nuiotiunUf"tt plaver should deplovcarefullv and
1'153frghtei(2bonbs) .iJil..t nt.li-r,.c.*an
Air Suppon needs
ii"n-rroiJ* fot ttt*" p"nzersihe General to keephis
Germrns headdown!
lolrnFr Batlaliotr HQ 4figures
9figureseach
3ComPatries
CoY.
SuPPort 5figs,MMG,AT rifle, MODELSAI{D RIJLES
81mmmortar insulationboard,gougedand
1x 37mnAT, Sdkft10 fi-" t".run i. n rttt" potystyrene
R.gtSupport
Captured76.2mnfieldgun coveredin Polytexwith edgingreinforcementof poly covrng
(d6roundsof HE) cement.lt's still rather ftagile - but it wasfree'
additionsi
G€neral+7figrrres "fm, are marolv Sritsrmia. with Ravcnthorpe
Fieures
pan m
PalrerCoTFHQ aoa lrn-n, o.i*. und Es(i plasticsa[ play lheir
Horchcar,Radiotruck, for lh€ rush
Commandbus, lvtc conb irio* f,..v.of.t. vehiclesare Red stll llha*s
"'JJi. dttr."". Archer, skltr€x. MMs Bw and Fujimi'
n*Coy. 1x20nmAA, Boxertruck "na skJF€x guns. The I-153 was an old
3xPz38t,1xPzlI *iif,-ii""otto"p"
PsnzerCoy. Aurora/Hellerkit
--
nuio a." G,t p.isinely)RdpidFir€- now'ecommended by
l0O%o{ tenvearoldswho playwargamesin our house'
TI{E GAME
fl" no.ri*. trilt u" d"".ed to havewoniJtheyescape with at
i"".t SOy" ot th€ir forces (calculatesimply by giving eactr
-]op".y, gtJtt*tot "na suPPlyvehicle a value of l point and
eachtaok 2 points)
 15

BEDFORD GLADIATORS
PRESENTS

ARENA'95'
WARGAMING AND ROLE-PLAY DISPLAY
AT THE BT]NYANCENTRE.MILE ROAD. BEDFORD
12THAUGUST199510:30- 16:30hrc

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Paintingcompetitions,bringandbuy,Raffle,Snackbar,
Licensed bar.

Traders will include: B B wa'sames.

I JMcAlprlte.
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P.o.P.Enlerprises,
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How to gethere-

Easyaccessinto Bedfordfiom the

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oppolite'l0p:1llcsl'|,ll^]i.JJ.1l]1,jjup.|h\|,\,l:IIatna\al!u]n.|\])on\a|.db\

!u,t in )1Don lk,, B. & B \li'tnturt\ nnl lti. tls.

,5j

li
18

REDBANNER Target
-t,ooo -5,000
Searcher
20.00 -50.0fi1 50,0(X)
'

ModernNavalRsles 1,000 20 2s 30 35 40
5,000 25 3t) 35 40 50
by RussPhillips 20,000 30 35 40 50 60
50,000 35 40 50 60 70
50,000+ 40 50 60 70 80
Theserulesareintendedto covertheperiodfrom 19501o 1955,
assimply as possible.I havealsotried to limit the amountof The nngesat whichaircraftandshipsmaydetecteachother
The rulesareintendedto be using rangesare double
act;veradarare givenbelow.Passive
bookkeepingasmuchaspossible.
usedwith 1:3000 scalemodels,availablefrom variousmanu{ac- those$ven.
turers,andall rollsusea D10. -1,000 -5,000 -50,000 20,000 50,000+
LevelI 20 25 35 40 50
SCALES Levelz 100 120 130 150 l'75
Level3 170 210 250 280 320
Theserulesusetwo turn lengths.Stmlegicturnsareequivalent
to one hour of real time. Tacticaltums are equivalentto 5 Therangesatwhichaircraftcandet€cteachotherusingactive
minutesofreal time.The currentturn islacticalifany unitsare radararegivenbelow.Passiverangeis doubleactiverange
within detectionrange,or ifeitberplayerwisheslo fire l{anv
unitsmoveinto delectionrangeduringa strategrc turn,stopthe Seerch€r
models at the maximum detection range. and start tactical LevelI Letel2 l,€Yel3
tums. Target
Groundscale is lcm: 1km.All distancesquoted in therules Levell 4{J 50 30
arein kilometres- Level2 80 100 80
Level3 80 100
OFPLAY
SEQUENCE The rangesat whichsubscanbe detecledusingsonar,andat
1. Movement. whichsubscandetectshipsusingsoflar,aregivenbelow Active
2. Dicefor repairsto damaged turnsonly).
ships(Strategic rangesaregiven,but seenoiesundertable,
3. Check to seewhich unitshavebeendelected
4. Det€ct€dunitsmaybefired at. Target
S€archer
Ship 5 Passive:Add speedof
,7
MAXIMUMMOVEMENTDISTANCES Sub t0 targettorange.Passive
Helicopter 3 searcher
sonaruselessif
Tactical Strat€gic MAD I movingat greaterthanhalf
1 1 2 maximumspeed
Merchantships/auxiliaries
Dieselelectricsubs t l 2
Surfaceships& nuclearsubs 2 2 4
4 4 8 Passiverangeis doubleactiverange.Rangefor all but MAD is
Hydrofoils&hovercraft
8 9 6 halvedifsub is underthermocline.Ifsub is surfacedandusing
Heli€opters
Maritimerecceaircraft 24 2aA radaror visual,treatasshipofup to 1,000tons
Fighteror slrikeaircraft 50 600
Visualtarget acqoisition
Shipsmay makeone turn of up 1090' without penaltv.If a Target type & altitude
ship wishesto make any further turns its maximumspeedis Ship LevelI L€vel2 lavel3
halve{:lfor rhat tacticaiturn. Aircrafl other than helicopters Search€r
musttravel forwards20cmin a straightline beforemakinga Ship l5 8 11 t4
tum of up to 90'. I-evel l 20 5 4 3
Aircrafthave threeheights. Level 1 is lhe lowest.level3 the Level2 30 5 6 5
highest.Aircraft mayclimbor diveone levelper tacticalturn. Level3 40 4 5 6
MAD may only be usedat lev€l 1. Sonobuoys and lorpedoes
may only ba droppedat level 1. A helicoptermay only useits
sonarifit is hoveringat level1. COMBAT
Submarines havethreeleveh: surfaced,abovethe thermo- A unit nay fire as manymissiles/torpedoes in a turn asit has
€line.andbelowthethermocline.Asubmarinemayriseordive available.Whenanti-shipmissilesarefiredat a ship,anyships
by onelevel€achtacticaltum- within rang€may fire surfaceto-air missilesat the inconing
nissiles.The targetmay then fire any gunsor point def€nce
missilesat the;nconing missiles.After this decisivefire,
DETECTTON survivingmissilesare thrown for to determineif they hit the
The table belowgivesthe rangesat which a ship may detect targel,andwhatdamagetheydo.
anothership.usingactiveradar-Passive rangesaredoublethe Note that anti-submarine andsurface-to-air missilesmay be
figuresquotedbelow.The figuresalongthe top andto the side firedat surfacetargetsifa positivefix is obtainedonthetarget.
are the disDlacements of the ships.andthe figuresin fie table When firins anti sub and surface-to_air missilesat surface
arethe raneeat whichthe shiDswilldetectea€hother. targets,trea-tthe missileasa conventional anti-shipmissile.
 t9
The ranges and hit chaflcesfor all the different types of
rveaponsare gtvenbelow:
Hia Chancevs. FOR SAI.E!
Range Missile Aircraft
A.A. gun130mmorover 25 9+ 10 SKTFIGURES
9+
A.A.gun70'129mm
A.A. gununder70mm
12
7
9+
9+ 8+ 9 Wargrave Road
Gatlinggun
Surface-to-airmissile
3
100
5+
9+
9+
o+
llvlilord
Pointdefence missile 10 6+ 5+ Berks RGIO 9ilY
Notegunsandpointdefencemissilesnay onlyfire at missiles
SKTFiguresof Twyfordofferfor salethe following
if they are aimed at their own ship. Guns fire onc€ per
turre/mountvs.missiles,onceper barrelvs.aircraft. moldsandequipment:

Rang€ Hit Chance Garison25mmmoldsandmasters andthe

Anti-shipmissileswithpositivefix 250 o+ copyrighbot over 1,000figures. Pendragon
Anti-shipmissileswithoutpositivefix 250 10 Fantasymoldsandcopyrights. AdminsFantasy
Anti-shiptorpedoeswithpositivefix 12 1+ moldsandcopyrights. Staddon30mmAWI
withoutpositivefix
Anti-shiptorpedoes 12 l0 mastersandmolds. Rose30mm,25mm and
Lightcun2c4gmrn 5 8+
8 6+
20mmmasteEandmolds. Over30020mm
MediumGun50-99mm
Heaq Gun 100-200nm 20 4+ masteFandcopyrights. SKT54mmmasters,
VeryHeaq Gunover2oomn 35 5+ moldsandcopyrights. Two castingmachines.
Bombsdroppedby airuaft at levelI 7+ Threemeltpoltsanda vulcanisingpress. To be
Bombsdroppedby aircraftatlevel2 8+ soldin Dartorasawhole.
Bombsdroppedby aircraftatlevel3 l0

Gunsfire onceper turret/mount.Roll a numberof damage

Pfe.se phone O| 7 t4-t429 59
dic€equalto thenumberof barrels.Gadinggunsmaynot fire at lA,Pl or wrlte for det.ils.
surfaceships. [o tl|trewesters plcate.
Anti-Sub:
Range Hit Chanc€ Crippled: Ship stops. All fighting power is lost. All sensors
Anai-submissile 35 8+ destroyed.RoI DrO eachsfategictum. On a 1 or 2 the ship
Anti-sub torpedowith positivefix 12 7+ sinls. If a friendly ship is alongsidegivins assistan€e,a 10
Anti-subtorpedowithoutpositivefi{ 12 lO indicates theshipcannowmoveindependently at quarterspeed
Anti-submortar 4 9+ andissa{eftom sinking.Iftheshipdoesnot sinkafterthefourth
roll. then it will remainafloat.
Air-to-Air:
Range Hit Chance DamagedrShip stops. All sensorsdestroyed. AII weapons
't0 1+ exceptGatlinggunsand point defencemissilesout of action.
Radarguidedmissile
Infra Red guidednissile l0 8+ Dicefor rcpaiNeachsubsequentstrategic
tum:2 or3 indicates
MG,HMGupto 14.5mn 2 \ 0 shipcannowmoveat quarterspeed;4+ indicatesall sensors &
Cannon20mm to 35mm 3 9 + weapons systemsoperativeandshipcanmoveat halfspeed.
Rolloncepermissileorgun barel 3 9 + Not€son det€ction
A positivefix is provided by activeradar, visualsighting,active
Any hit on an aircraftor submarinedestroysit. Damageto sonar,andMAD (MagneticAnomalyDetector).Passive radar
surfaceshipsh givenbelow: andpassive sonarwillalsogiveapositivefixifoneunitkeepsthe
targetdetectedfor thrceconsecutive tums,or if threeunitsin
Danegeto SurfaceShips ndio contactwith eachotherall detectthe target.
r,oo0 -5,000 -2o,ooo 50,00050,000+ Note that passiveradar will only pick up targetswhich have
Lightgun 6110l- -t-t- -11 ,J-l- JJ- theirradan active,but passive sonarcanpick up anytarget.
'7t91- -t-t- -l-l-
Mediumgun 2i5l8 8/l0t Because of the advanced natureof moderncommunications,
Hea\Tgun l/2/4 41119 6t9t- 8tr0l- r0l-l- all friendly surfaceshipsand aircraft will be awareoI anytarget
V.Heavygun-/-/1 !3n 2/7t8 4/9/- 9t101 pickedup by anotherfriendly ail or surfaceunit, andmayfire on
Missile -lll2 41719 6t8tr0 9tr0t- tOtI it asif theyhadpickedup the targetwith theiro\{n sensors.
Torpedo -l-ll 31619 st7t9 8t9t 9/J Most weaponsneeda positivefix beforethey canbe fired,
Thosethat do not havetwo chances to hit on th€ abovecharts.
Bombs:for every250kgofbombsthathit,treatasonehitbya one wherea positivefix hasbeenobtainedby the firer or a
veryheavygun. friendtyshipin radiocontact,andonewherea positivefix has
The firstnumberisthe minimumscore requiredto damagea
target,the secofldto cnppleit, andthe third to sinkatarget.A If anti-shipnissiles arenot picked up by activeradar,only the
crippledshiptakinganyextradamageissunk.Adamagedship target'sGatling gunsand point defencemissilesmay Iire at
is sunk if it takes a cripple result, or crippledif it takesa them.
damagedresult. Surface-to-ai misssileswith a range of 20km (approx 10
EfTectsofDamage nauticalmiles) or lessaretreatedaspointdefencemissiles in the
Sutrk:Shipsinks, andtakes no further pa( in the game
l(l

Chiltern
Miniatures HOVELS r.ta
100. pin<r,d i a t u r e - . i i l r r h , 8 i , e \er u a l i $ .
2O]f|MRANGE
BATTLEGROUND
RanSesamilable: r/28s ww2 MicroAmou, r/2400 ww2 PLAIN PAII{TED
Mi.lonauts.wwl MicrcnauclaDd Napoleoni.
Naml.Modem 198Ihreestorevruinr'/th 2 detachabe t9 90 822OO
ralscswillbeavailablebterthn y€ar. f l o o r sc o m p a n o nm o d € l f o lr6 8
208c-T"rvaL t n v J al , L v t h d o o r w a Y!r 80
o r n e . ' Ls' e c o t8 80
214 secton tr 80 t8 80
228 Cornerwalsefton !'/ th sta19and E380 €880

[4odes208,2i8.228aresectonsof runedbu dings

wh chcanbeLrsedn conlundon\,!tfi otherrunsfrom
Ho\. 8,j-aq-o- dod qoo ra'bepeled ooaLo ro
createyouTownfoor p an

r-- .-#Fr..r*rE. Forcurcataloguesend€110plr.rs

envelopeoverseas
addfessed
a argestarnped
customers
hoderscanphone
RCs Access/visa
p easesend4
orfaxorde|son
01472.750552[ion Fr 9am.5om Mincreditcard ofder
t5 00 Postandpackag ng15%r.rpto 12500.10%over
t25.00
Thir ro:rr 5 st-E.i:l.ii::
Batde of The tuver Plate. CEj Spe€,Exet€r. Aclilies and Ajd aI HOVELSLTD
forodyIl9 99 in.hding possge. Chequesshouldbe mde 18ClebeRoad
palablero chiltem Miniatures. Scartho I
lbr a conplete lht ofonr prcdnctnnSe pleasese a larSr
crimsby
SAI/'IRCto: Chiltern Miniatlles, 1 lLrboffie Ro!d. SouthHumbercid€ I
Iondon.5W17 aJS. Iel:0181 673 9069. DN332HL

202 Wollator Road,

llom's ?lins il?s,?ir$. Beeston, Nottitt€ham NGg 2PH.
Tel: (01t5) 922 6947.

FIGHTTHE PLAIIYSINDIAN WARS!

r ilEW FIGURES! IUEW SCALE! I
6m|n : ltr Avcr.ge fig||'e hclght tal|||r|
AIT FICURES CAI'T IX PEWTER
l.l.ai tor Sklrnlrh W.rg.|n.r .rd good lo prlrl.
3 Dlff€r.nt trlDer rcplei.rtc.r S|OUX, CROW and PAWIEE.
23 stylesoffoot fiqure r 7 dlfferentriders4 sryresof g: ltopjnqponres.
Arligures.re openhandedwith Guns.8ows.Lancesetcsuppliedseparately.SoneBreanPlates:ndReqaliasupplied

5endfor I lustratedEookletNORIH AM€RTCAN

PLAINsINDIANS WARFARE DRESS and WEAPONS+ cunent ristof figures
PiICE! EZ + 5Op p&p Oi Sord €z.ts + sop p&p for Booklcl, rirt an.tSample Flgurc.
FOOTFJ6URE75p RIDER75p.HORSE
PrlceDerailsr ! 1.50.Add I 5% p&p for arlordea up to E25
C h e q u eps: y a be T o T O MS T I N S .

When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.

 21

Command,Control and Communlcatlonsln Wargarnes

By R.JamesOliver

BACKGROUND primaryinterfacewith thegame)isa nonsense.

This"chesswith a thousandpieces"approachtothehobby(i.e
"Waryanins is a connand erpeience." with the playelsin direct,personalcontrolofeveryunit on the
GaviinLyall,Ope tion Wafioard (A & C Black) table) is what, aboveall ehe, limits any attemprto produce
realisticwargames; it iscertainlythecurseofboardwargaming,
The basicrule of almosteverywargam€coverthe 'M4' of in particular.Only by reducingthe levelof€ontrolhe exercises
Movement (by forces), Missiles (ftom slingshots to smart overhisforcescanthewargamerhopeto simulatesomethiflg of
bombs), M€l€€ (or 'Close Quarter Combat'), and - when the field commander\experience, problemsand frustrations.
written by enlightenedauthors- Moral€.Enormouseffort is Many playersare unwillingto acceptthh restrictionon their
expendedto researchand establishmovementrates,weapon freedomto directtheirforcesastheysee fit;it is,ofcourse,th€ir
effects, and all the other factors which might affect the privilegeto playgamesratherthanwargames.
performance of men and machinesin banle.Exceptone.The
vastmajorityof wargamingrule setseither effectivelyignore
'C3' altogether,or simply tag it onto the "more important" Asavery roughruleofthumb,theunitsintowhichforcesmay
b€ organised andwith whichcombatmaybe resolvedshouldbe
aspects of the gameasan afterthought.I hopeto showin this
about two levels below the wargamer'snotional rank as
short anicle that Command.Control and Communications'
battlefieldcommander. For example where the player is
shouldbe bothcentrallo anyseriousrecreation of battleandan
portrayingthe leaderof aSecondWorld Warinfantrybattalion,
enjoyablepartofthe wargame.
the basic combat units should be rifle platoonsand their
equivalents;no battalionC.O. would, exceptin the direst
emergency, take direct control of a singlerifle section- he
WARGAMERORCOMMANDER? wouldoperatethroughhis companycommanders andplatoon
"Isen . . . wantedto beewrywhereat once,to seeeverythingand leaders.In multiplayergames,the unirsshouldbe two levels
control everything.He had b rcstain hinself lnn takkg ovel below the notional rank of the most junior player. ln our
thedirectionof the leadfire team,remindinghinserythat he |/''as example where the battalionC.O. is supporredby orher
thecompanyconmander, andto do so wouldundercuttheh,hole wargamerc takingthe partsof his companycommanders - the
chainofconnand . . ." basi€€ombat units shouldb€ rifle, machine,gun and mortar
Ed Ruggero,J8 Noltft yankee(HarnishHarnilton)
Muchof the interestandenjoymentofthis hobbyliesin the Freeof the needto deploya ,quadto huntdowna sniperor
opportunityit affordsfor adherents to become(temporarily,at clear a small house. the battalion commanderis able to
least)Caesaror Wellingtonor Patton.For me, the problemis concentrate on commanding the battalion.He hastimeto plan
that the role-playingdoesnot stop with Pattondirectingthe the advanceof his whole unit and the manoeuvresof its
army'sadvance acrossEurope-wargamers alsowant(andrules componentcompanies; he can becomeinvolvedin organising
writersencourage them) to be ColonelSmithcommanding a fire support,logistics,Iiaisonwith (theoretical)neighbouring
regiment,CaptainJonesleadinghis company,ard Corporal units,andallthe otherdutiesofareallieutenantcolonel;hecan
Brownin the front tank. Suchself-induced s€hizophrenia may findhimselfconfronted by suddenchanges in hisordersorinthe
be fun (andinevilable,to a d€gree,ifthe playerhasno umpire battlefieldsituation;he maysuffercommunication ftustrations;
to operatethe rule systemfor him) but it givesan utterly perhaps most interestingly, he can exercise his man,
misleadingpictureof what military op.ralionsarc all about. management skillson hiswargamer or non-player subordinates
Eachpartof the Armed Servicehasits ownparticularfunctions in a waythathasa directinfluenceon thetroops'morale.
- wargames in whichthe playersportrayin detail(by making
decisionsappropriateto) several different office( simul-
Naturally,he neednot conc€mhimselfwirhrheminordetail
taneouslyobscureboth the realwork;ngsofthe Forcesandthe of(forexanpl€) -
casualty evacuation or ammunitionre-supply
tru€ natur€ofbattle.
th€se would be matters forthe battalionstaff- but he musttake
For example the Gererah primaryrole is to choosethe
themintoaccountinhisoverallplanning. lnlimitingtheplayer
main axesof attack, and to ensurehe has adequateforces,
to a singlebattlefieldrole,it is possibleto enhancehisgameby
reserves andlupportingservices correctlydeployedto ensurea
making it a true reflectionof the experienceof a real-life
successful advance;the Corporal'smost importantjob is to
commander- and a much more interestingand informative
manoeuvre according to hisorders,andaod€stroy enemyforces
viewof battlethanthe shallowand superficialpictureoffered
while preservinghis own vehi€leand crew. Pattonis a senior
froma mixtureof unrealistic viewpoints.
manager,requiringa soundkrowledgeoflargeunit tacti€sand
Brownis a small-group
logistics; leader, who needsto motivate Thereis, of course,no reasonwhy the wargamerneedplay
a handfulof men to operateone Shermantank effectively. everygameat the samelevel; one day, he may explorethe
wargameruleswhichmix thetwo roles(andall thosebetween) small-unittacticsemployedby a subalteminfantry platoon
cannotproducea realisticexperience of command or simulation leader- the next,hemaypronote himselfto majorgeneraland
of battle.I find it rather sadto seean enomous amounlof deploy an entire division. Tbe two commandexperiences
diligentresearch carriedout to establishweaponperformance, shouldbe totallydifferent sothatlimitingtheplayerto a single
uniformdetails,unit tactics,etc-only for thefinishedwargame role in any one gameactuallyincreases the overallscopefor
to be hopelessly inaccuratebecause the player'sperceptionof role-playingand enhancesthe experi€nceof eachindividual
operations throughthe comrnand andcontrolsyslem(surelyhis
22

TIIE NIJMBERSGAME needonly concemhimselfwith the actionsof (and consequ-

enceslo)hismarchrng ballalions andmounted regimenrs-rhe
" Thecomnonde\ as hisprcfessiondenanded,
ws thinking two doingsof (and effectson) individualinfantrycompaniesand
Ievelsdo$'n . . . Contro ing Factots: Theneetlfor all comnan cavalrysquadrons shouldsimplybe takeninto accountwhen
dersto think't$'odown'whilefornuldtingplans. . ." determining combat andmanoeuvre for theirparentunirs.
KennethMacksey,airut C/drn (BCA/Arms & Annour) Onceagain,othertypesof'Bayonet& Sabre'game arequile
possible. Skirmishactions(e.g.scoutingorforaging partiet are
Quite apan from its accuracyin following the military notsoverydifferentfromlheir Modemcounterpans, lechnolo-
prototype(i.e. realarmiet, basingatablelop forceon €ombat gy and tacticsnotwithstanding (Yes, I am a believerin the
units two levelsbelow the notionalrank of its commander 'Morale-dominant'school of wargamingl),Armylevel games,
produces an interesting wargamewithjust enoughsub-unitsto usingDivisionsor Corpsas the basiccombatunits,allow the
be handledconveniently. Too few units,and the playerloses re€reation oftrue High Command.
both tactical flexibility and the opporrunity of deploying a I haveneitherth€ historicalknowledgenor the wargaming
variedforc€.Too manyunirs,andlhe gamerequires!ery. very experience to commentin detailon the Ancientperiods,but I
simple(andperhapsunrealanduninteresting) rulesifit is noi to will offer one or two examplesftom them. Marian Roman
bogdownin its own€omplexity. legions,for instance.comprised ten cohots plusauxiliaryunits
I wouldsuggest thattheoptimumnumberof 'forceelements' suchaslightcavalry,javelinmenandarchers.Again,oneof the
is betveen t€n and fifteen per side (although this might be mostpopularandinnovativesetsofrulesfor the era-r" ae&r
subjectto someflexibility).Theseelements neednot necessari- Annquitatis from Phil Barker/WargamesResear€hGroup - is
ly be subordinateunits or subunits- they are simplyassets basedon an armyof twelveunits.Bothofthesefitneatlywithin
ayailabl€to the commanderifor example- the squadleaderin a my suggested rangeof ten to fifteenelements.
skirmishgane might have on-callsupportftom artillery nor
represented on the table,or the High Commandin a sirategic
gamemight need to take accountof a nationalproduction WEHAVETHETECHNOLOGY
systern(or warindustry). ". . . Frcntline infantrJmennow have
In the Modern period, this fits in rather well with a setswhicharcsosensitive&ar the! candistitlguish foty-eight pounl tudar
betweena nan
bataalion-strength attack againsta dug-in company.[n true anda h,onatl a nile 6w(ry(b, the $iggle of the walk)." This wzs
militaryfashion,the defendersare spreadrathermore ihinly writtenin 19631
thanthe assaulttroops- forcesattackingdeployon a naffower Kleinman & Horo\\rirz, The Modern
United States AtmJ
frontage than when they are defending.The advancing (D. Van Nostrand).
battalionwould muster betweennine and twelve infantrv
plaloons.plus one or two supponingheary weaponsuniti Wargamers (especially thoseinterestedin Modem periods)
(mortan or assaultguns)and perhapsa troop of tanks.The seem besolted by technology at rhe expenseof man-
defending€ornpanywould field about ten rifle sections,plus rnanagenent(or morale).I will considerthe latteron another
mortals,and perhapsan anti,tankcapability.As an aside,I occasion, but lhe point I wishto makehereis that playerswho
think thar rhis battalionvs. comDanvbattle is the id€atlare attemptlo portravseverallcvelsof commandsimultaneously
TwentiethCenturytable+opwaigame.The playersare far cannothope to ha\'eany rcal appreciation of the technology
enoughremovedfrom the "bulletswhisrlingoverhead"action availablelo anysingleconmander.Thereis a concentration on
of a skirmishat seciionlevelto exercise commandwith a certain obvioustechnicaldetailssuchasmaximumweaDonransesand
ai of deta€hment, yet sufficientlyinvolvedro viewthe figures ma\imum.peeds roIhedernmcnr ol a deeper under\ran-ding of
and modelsas men and machinesrather than "pretty map how militarymachines actuallyfunction.
marked'in a Divisionalor Corpsbattle. To take dogfighting(or 'Air CornbatManoeuvrirg')as an
Havingstated my ownpreferences, Modemerawargames of example,almostall gamesfocussolelyon missileandcannon
other types are both possibleand interesting.Squadlevel nngesandeffectsandthetheoreticallopspeedsofthe aircrafr
ambushes areoneoption-placingabouteightriflemenandtwo how often is a seriouspart playedby ElectronicWarfare,the
or threemachine-gunners plusa TOW or bazooka(anti-aank) planningofCornbatAir Patlols,theparticularcharacteristics of
gunnerwithon-callmortarsuppo(to covera minefieldor other different mhsiles and guns, aircraft readyrates, air-to-air
obstacle;suchactionscanbefoundin all theatresofthe Second retuelling.and search-and-rescue arrangements? How many
WorldWar andmostof theconflictssince.Platoonlevelpatrols wargamersunderstandU.S.B. (Upper SurfaceBlowing) or
can be carded out - about ten fire teams(thirty or more P.C.B. (PlenumChamberBuming)technologies? How many
riflemen,light machinegunnersandgrenadiers) plusa limited appreciatethe advantagesand disadvantages of tilt-rotor
anti armour capabilityand perhapssome air support.The machinesover conventionalaircrafi and helicopters?How
Vietnam'sear€h anddestrcy'operations areanexample.Ar the manyare conversant with the workingsof airbomeladar, and
otherendofthe scale,a DivisionalCommander mightdeploya uflderstand how andwhen it shouldbeusedincombat?I amnot
dozenmajor ftontline fightingunits (infantrybatralionsand claimingitis necessary forwargamersto be technically expe(,
tanksquadrons), plussupportingarrilleryandattackaircraftor but I do suggest that their gameswouldbe muchricherifthey
helicopters. concentratedon the experienceof a single commander-
Steppingbackin time to the ever-popular 'Horse& Musket' whether a pilot flying one aircraft, or a squadronleader
periods, similar considerationsapply. Despite the many indirectlycontrollinga dozenor moremachines andscoresof
criticismslevelledagainstir, I rhink that the Divisional-level menandwonen (including,of course,hisgroundstaff).
battle of this era is well suited to the wargamingtable.
Commandat thislevelsuggests combatunitsof battalion(and TIIE SOLDIER'SJOB
equivalentcavalry)size and mostof the tacticalformations
employedby Marlborough,Wellington,and even Napoleon "... A short story,'A se se of Propottion',bf Genenl Sit
were basedon the battalionand different combinationsof EdwardSwinton, $,hichhadN itscentralcharuderagene l-..
battalions.at least in their smallerbattles.For example- who, harin9 nade hisdispositionson theew ofbaale, spendsits
battalionsquareswere commonlyformed to defendagainst hou8 castingJliesfor n od, setenein the assurance. . . that he
cavalry,rvhile severalbattalionswere groupedinto attack haddonea he coutd."
columns.Maintainingour'two down'approach,the wargamer IohnKeegan, TheFaceof Bdnle (JonathanCape).
 23
Bcforc I am delugedin letters(or morewarlikeresponses!)
from wargamingsoldiers,let me statethat I do not for one
moment believe professionalmilitary men - and, more
panicularly,commanders and planningnaffs - abandontheir
postsoncebattleis joined. However,it is undeniablethat the
greater(if not the more importan, part of a seniorofficer\
work is perfomed before his forcescrosstheir start lines.
Perhapsthe greatestdifferencebetweena Commanderand a
Wargameris that the former must have a firm, developed,
co-ordinated planof battlecommunicated to hissubordinates in
goodlime - whereasthe latter (undermostrulet needdecide
on hn movesfor only a few lurnsin advance.
The nature of battle and I write of warfare in almost any
Age andof almostanytype is thatoncea unit is committedto ?:R**,-*-,.**d**^di".e " ,**Sfl
aclionitscommanderand hisseniorofficersrelinquisheffective
control.The regiment,platoon,shipor aircraftwill attemptto
performits assigned missionuntil it succeeds or fails(owingto
destructiofl,damage,or loss of morale).Changinga unit's
ordersduringthe heatof combatcreatesthe significantrisk of
chaosin whatis alreadya confusedsituation and disengage-
mentunderfire is probablythemostdiffrculttaskfacingtroops.
Wargames in whichordersare issuedon a tum-by-tumbasis,
evenifsubjectto delaysintransmission, simplydonoi recreate
battlefieldsituations andperceptions.
What is neededis somesystemunderwhich the wargamer
planshisbattlein somedetailbeforea soldieris placedon the
table.lf anacking,the axesof advancefor eachunit must be
determined:a balancenust be struckbetweenreconnaNsance
and speed;objectives- and rhe timesby whichthey must be
reached- shouldbe set;reserves (oftenneglected in wargames
because rulesandvictoryconditionsencourage all-outassault,
with everything"in the shopwindow")mustbe keF in handto
exploit successor limii failure; artillery barragesmust be
designated in advance- with on-callfire requi ng forward
observers pluscommunications facilitiesand subje€tto delay;
re supply and casualtyevacuationmust be cat€redfor. If
defending,the wargamermustpositionhis troopsto coverall
possibleapproachesi Observation(day)and Listening(night)
Postsmustbe manned;digging in.layingminesandotherfield
engineering tasksmustbe organised - with neverenoughtime
or resources to do everlthingthe playerwould like; artillery
SIMON'S SOLDIERS
supportshouldbe arraDged, with particularemphasis on likely A prcf4sional painting se ie for Mlgame6 bv a wa4m€r
enemyforming-up points and avenuesof approach; provision A[ scal6 catded for (up to 1totm) but 15|m a specia]ity,wih a
number of 9andards availabl€to suit you taste ad yM poc}et.
fo. supplyingand(iI necessary) evacuating forwardpostsmust
Fo. a 15!m tuple seod €r-5O to r4 Cae FfFnon, Bhc&la,
Bddgdd, Mid. Ghn. CF31 2HG or onlaci
Onefactorwhichis consistently ignoredbywarganersistheir Strnon Chal€sorih 6 0656 768556 for d€tatls.
troops'stateof alert.Armiesfacingan enemyadvance typically
havetwenty-five or fifty per centofthe menat theirpostsat any of modem radio and telephone(and revertsto the humble
one time, with full alertscalledduring especiallydangerous 'runner' when the latter are interrupted).I have yet to see
periods(suchas immediatelybelore first light). Fatiguein warganesin which signalflaresregularlyplay an important
wargames is usuallycalculated in termsof turnsin combat in role, or in which the wholespectrumof ElectronicWarfare
reallife simplydeployingfrom the relativecomfortof banacks (janming, spoofing,interception,dire€iion-finding,etc) is
is ti ng, and spendingany significanttime in the field is crucialto the outcome.
exbausting.while actualfighting often producesa surgeof 'C3' is the gluewhichholdsa militaryorganisation together
adrenalinto keepthetroopsgoing(at leastfor the durationofa and allowsit to conductits operationswith somedegreeof
battle).Similarconsiderations apply1o navalpersonnel('Ac- co-ordination andorderliness. Howevercourageous andeffec-
iion Stationt beingessential for combat,but unsustainable for tiveareits soldiers, theforcewhichfightsasaloosecollecaionof
lengthyperiods),and both air and groundcrews(repeated individualsand small groups is bound to fail before the
sortieswearingout menevenmorequicklythanmachines). It is combinedeffortsof a disciplined army.Commandenwork with
lhe Commanderwho must balancethe need to mainta;n and throughtheir 'C3' systems,and the wargamewhichtruly
vigilance\rith the necessity to resthis men.Usinga handfulof reflecisa Commander's role will focuson how he imposeshis
yourown troopsto denytheentireenemyarmyits sleepon the plansandhiswillonthemenheconrnands-notontheaccuracy
nightbeforebattleisclearlyadvantageous- but rarelyseenin a of a rifle or the sDe€dofa tank.

Comnrunicationsis anothersubjectworthyofgreateratten-
tion. Leavingasidesuchdevicesassignallingmiffors,beacons.
semaphore andthe telegraph,
battlefieldcomrnunication relied
almostentirelyon foot or mountedmessenger until the advent
24

THEBATTLEOFBTORE
HEATH
By GaryHughes

The lva ofthe Roseswerea confusedsedesofshort, bloody

campaignscoveringa timespanof thirty years.Many sawsavage
fighting made wo$e by local enmity, and many of the battles
were characterisedby unusual features, such as fog, snow,
treachery, or distinctive terrain. Blore Heath, though often
overlooked, wasperhapsa typicalexample.

BACKGROUNDTO TI{E CAMPAIGN

Four years of uneasy peace followed the highly suclessful
Yo*ist campaignof 1455. However, as those years passed, LANCASTFIAI{
Lancastrianinfluenceat court glew steadily,andthis led to the DEPLOYT'ENT
Yorkist leadersbeing accusedof treason.QueenMargaret was
determinedin her desirefor vengeanceupon them, and it was
not long before conflict broke out oncemore.
In the summer of 1459,the three main Yorkist forc€s were
widely dispenedunder the leadershipof the Duke of York, the
Earl of Salisbury,and the Earl of Warwick. The Duke was at
Ludlow on the welsh borders, Warwick was in Calais, and

YI
Salisbury wasat Middleham,Nonh Yorkshire.
Henlry lV convenedparliament in Coventry, and the three
YOBKIST
Yorkists decided to assembletheir forces at Worcester and
confront him. Salisburybegannarching to Ludlow, whilst the DEPLOYMENT
king moved to Nottingham and then on to Eccleshall in
staffordshire. The queen began raising further Lancastrian
supportin Cheshire.Military action was rapidly becoming
inevitable.
Unfortunatelyfor Salisbury, the routehe hadchosento take
him to Ludlow passedthrough the midst of the Lancastrian
forces,and they were soonawareof his prcsenc€.As the small
Yorkist force enteredStaffodshire, the queeninstructedlrd
Audley, with a large force ofcheshire and Shropshirelevies,to
intercept and "anest" him. As Salisbury'sarmy marchedsouth
along the main Stoke-on-Trent to Shrewsburyrcad, Audley
andhis menmarchedno(h towardsthem. The two armieswere
destinedto meetheadonatBloreHeath.

TIIE FIELD OFBLOREIIEATH

Blore Heath is a highly interestingbattlefield, beingdominated
by two long low ridges with a stream running betw€en.hem.
ROAD
ru r
SLOPE H EDGE

ffi GI
The old medieval road still winds lazily acrossthe valley, and
the north and eastem fringes of the battlefield are fiamed by
ancient forest. A thick "forest hedge" marked the edgeof the
farmland on the southemmost dge. Two solitary buildings BIVEF/STAEAM wooDs wacot{s&
stoodin the midst of the field. HemDHill and Netherblore. ARTILLERY

Yorkistsmadetheirpr€parations, otherthanto steadilydeploy

TIIE COURSEOF TIIE BATTLE throughthe hedge.Two wavesof cavalryprec€dedthe infantry,
Salisbury,leading a force of only 4,000men, nust haveviewed andtherewere nore in reserve.Audley wassomewherein their
Audley's force with some dismay. Audley had at least 9,000 midst.
menat hisdisposal, sone sources state10,000.Retreatwasout Having adopted such an easily defensible position, Salis-
of the question,soSalisburyhad no altemative but to standand bury's mer suddenly begar to withdraw, and Audley's first
6ght. He carefully deployedhis men upon the northem ridge, waveof cavalryimmediately chargedforward, splashedacross
with Sir ThomasHadngton securinghis left flank at Netherb- the streamand up towardsthe Yorkist lines. The Yorkists
lore, his right flank prolected by his wagon laager, and his respondedby Fomptly tuming to facethem, andthe archerslet
archen hastily putting up stakesalongthe front, all he could do loosea devastating hailof arows,
now was wait. Hh posirion was not dissimilar to that of the The secondwavepressedforward with anotherequally tutile
Black Princeat Poitiers. attack, and the infantry stormed up the shallow slope behind
Audley's men, with the confidencethat they outnumbered them. Despite having a huge numerical advantag€,the
their enemyby two to one, apparently did nothing whilst the Lancastriansdid not try to ouishoot the Yorkists, insteadthey
 25
racedheadlonginto disaster.Audley was mortally wounded
halfwayup the slope,andthe attackwasrepulsed.
His reservecavalryhavingwatchedthe dhasterthat befell the
WARRIORMINIATURES
14Tlv€rtonAverue,GlasgowG329NXScotland
fiIst wave, promptly d€serted their stnggling colleagues.A Nd e'.'os. A. t0 pla t drqd.d&*d adote
large number of them, seeingthat it was surcly going to be a 346 V6qAde$,
Pkiesk int6e$loreFple24louaent.m, nobi|e 0l4L?78
Yorkist victory, took the opportunityto changesides.The M&&thage.t
hard-pressedLancastriansbeganto rout alongthe courseofthe lt@An ES - or[v {r.rJrls g50rd. Ci@ hor treM d B,i[srllapol@m.
stream, punued both by Yorkists and some of their former RoiW tcl,tJSMrc r Pa'itr M. Afl{ ltonldd $Jd. l8f Ca[ll. CobdiZir dd
€oleagues. &itj[ Fehs,Ard d EMlddSkLbE l'!i]numofl00pG h dh any P.l| G€l6le
25@I,'1P0U0MC$ 85-oMl/tb.% pht P.75 r6i. m i@,NL,}. FwI,.
hNia.. Ru$an.Adir Sraiish.
AFTERMATH M lffi: - ULv 99.t4 pht A.0116r. lOpd4 GEekRomaP6o4ftdid,
lladoni4 Ndfta Sd@i MoEob.bdloebb, M.6ef. ACWNddra"dsoul,\elc
Any local Lancastrianhopeswere, for the time being at least, 25N DBA|UES - f80n frrrr. @ 40b ch@ fm
dispercedwith the remnantsof their army. The heavycasualties 25M ncults-fi0f?&,lt@fndll6. Al mdetm lopqEt'it,anotNtl/20m
at Blore Heatb had effectively destroyedit as a fighting forc€, SFiir\ Clil Wa Vrefm ad od@USAEiqrie l5m Cobnitaid Eqlip'narlitiig
with losses amongst the Cheshire Ievies being particularly
heavy. There were at least seven knights amongst the
Lancaslrianlosses,six of them ftom Cheshire, and over two
thousand rank and file. Ditrerent sourcesput the lossesat
between two and four thousand. with the Yorkist casualties SecondChanceGames
numberingno more than two hundred. Mail Order speclalists in board wargaEing.
Salisbury'sforce pressedon to Ma*et Dra),ton, where they SD€clalists in old and
spentthe night, and then on to Shrewsburyand Ludlow. Their out ot pnnt games ano magaztnes.
victory was shortlived, and Audley's sacrifice completely in Aus!'alian
DesiqnGrcup,AvalonHill,Battleljn€,
ClashoiArms,
vain. Barely ihree weekslater, the Yo*ist army wasbetrayedat ColumbiaGanies,Fresno,
G.DW, GMT, Momen6 inHistory.
Ludford B.idge by Sir Andrew Trolloppe, forcing Salisbury, Omeqa Games. OSG.PeoplesWarqames. Simuladons Canada, SPI,
Warwickandthe Dukeof York to fleeintoexile. TalkJorce,TheCamen, VrctoryWest End.W.WW.. Yaquinto
S& f Command sub3crlDdon lj19.003 i$|r€r or!72.00
6 bsuetlncluslviof podtage andpacktng.
WARGAMINGTIIE BATTLE for
Otiersubsareavajlabl€ Moves,C3l, F&M,General
Operations,
There are so few precisedetails about Blore Heath, and several etc.GDWEuropa lans. ETO& Europa News instockI alsobuy
slightlydiffercnt ac.ounts,that anyre-fight mustrely heavilyon yourunwantedgam€sandmagazin€s, sendlisb,
conjecture. Opening positions are fai y certain, and the Ne$Listof Products
Lan€astrianscertainly enjoyed a strong numerical advantage, Ab€n&rarT@ f1895 lrcnd.d5 I33 95
Salisburyhad artillery with him, althoughthis rcceivesno more Ard€nM !29 95 lmsftld !2995
Badelorcmu !1295 lad{i6 t2995
thana cursorymentionin mostaccounts. This is oneof the few &td6lordEAd@B 128.56Le w.d !1195
p6%
occasions(if not the only occasion)where archers'stakesarc fteBadsorwaleioo 134.95M.Ifdb
Bobdno L3095 l.{.dFrcnt f3595
specfically mentioned. B.bjnsirn&Ahie 127.95tlap.leonon$eDdub€ m95
The feigned refeat presents something of a problem. ConDidr'30A(crfi€Polda 112.95No&ltdPkeroD€{Mulfrcdbob).95
PersonallyI suspectthat it may just have beenYorkist archers Cnn@Sh€ld 129.95ninsolFm:Kha*& $r.95
tuvsorDannnll c4495 5&T1691h?AnaiiaGmp ll295
going in searchof more wood for obstacles,or perhapseven EshihAjno@ |2595 Sashb:ne&id€lovalacia !'1695
firewood. To allow for this, and give the Lancastrians an Enehval$eGi6 f5395 S€ondFEnt f49.95
incentive for an early aatack, a quarter of the Yorkist force Fatelull&hhins(C*nvsbus) 12695 SfiA9ir'slFome 18.95
Gusila !22 95 vdeFmr f1895
shouldstart the gamemovingtoward! the woods. Hsi4lrdnihesky PoA woddwdore 11L96
Lancasarianmoraleshouldbe high at the outset,mostof their Pacldng& Po6bge l0S
troopsshouldbe classed asenihusiastic novic€s,but theyshould &ndA'slf,+ fiptui1| lat ny% pdseddwe
have an extla die-roll modifier in the early stagesof the game.
The Yorkists should be mainly classedas well as seasoned
SecondChanceGames,182BoroughRoad,
veterans. The possibility of treachery is slighdy harder to
Wallasey, L446NJ.Tel:051-6383535
Merseyside
provide for. The Yorkist player should secretly nominate a
specificLancastrianunit at the start of the game.On eachtum
afterthe third one.he shouldroll two dice.ffhe rolls a double Onafigurescaleofl:20,tlis maybe quiteadauntingtask,soI
six, he takes commandof the unit, provided that it has not would suggesta figure ratio of 1:,10,or even 1:80."Otherd'
alreadyengagedhim in combat, and it will promptly withdraw should include gunners, but should be freely chosento allow
to the Lancastrianbaselineto re-organise.Classit as rallying someelementof suprise and to allow for "roundings" from the
without ord€n, anduseyour usualrules from then on, figure ratio. A quarter of the Lancastrians should begin
There are no precise numbersrccorded for the battle, but mounted, divided equally between the first wave and the
basedon personalguessworkI would suggesttbe following: rcalsuad. The Yorkists all commencedismounted.

Yorki* kncsrhiatr
Commander&{etinue 80 80 SOURCF-s
Other men-at-arms 24o(3x80) 4m (8x6o) Morc Bailefeus of England, A.H. Bume
Bilmen 180 940 TheBauk of Rlorc Heath, Blore Heath Battlefield Society
Retainedarchers 800 600
Battes and BattlefuMsin England, C.R.B. Barrett
Levy archers 22$ 5100
TheWarsof the Roses,A.J . Polla
Others 500 800 TheWan of the Roses , J.R. Landet
Totsl 4000 8000 TheMedievalArcher. I . *adb|u|
26
quantityof scoutswho wouldalsoact as spies.Theseinfafltry
TTIECOSSACKS oftentravelledin largeopenboats("seagulls")60 feetlongby
12feetwidewith 30oarsmannedby 60rowers-anechooftheir
AShonMtlttaryStudy ancestralodgins.Under the Tsar'sordersthe Cossacks
now canied a carbineand two pistolsas standardissuealong
each

with their own sashof knivesor daggers- The infantrycaried

By GrahamLewis musketsandsabres,battle-axes (re.drsft)andpikes.
Cossack leaders..4razarlr.hadhorsetailstafldards muchlike
Thesewild horcemenhaveenduredfrom the Middle Agesinto the Talars. Hetmen were the Cossackselected sovereigns.
the Twenlieth C€ntury, having been incorporatedwith special Other flagswould be triangularpennantsor squares,often
pdvilegein thedevelopment of theRussian Army. In thisarticle dividedred andwhite,with a religiousmotif or crossdepicted.
I shallbdefly, describethe militaryactionsanddressof these Thercd bannerof BogdanKhmelnitskydisplayed anar€hangel.
vividcharacten, The cavalrywasorganised decinallyfor battle-order:100man
So,r?id's(someufl;tsnumberinga 1,000)formedup into three
crescent lines(lava)andwouldattemptto outflankthe enemy.
ORTGINS Theywouldalsousetheirbaggage-train of wagonsfor defence.
The Cossackscan trace their descent from the Varaneian Atillery and wagons would advance in two parallel€olumns
!ikingswho \aiiedro rhe Gulf of Finlandand into rherivea\of and could be quickly formed into an enclosed laageror rarol.
Russia,settlingaroundtheriversDon andDnieperto thesouth. The wagons could be chained together or overtumed as
From 1524 they served the Polish kings as mercenary light barricades.
cavalryastheir Ukainian territory fell under PolishsuzeEinty. Peterthe Great(1686-1725) continuedthe useofCossacks in
Although infamouslyrebellious they were called "Loyal lhe Russian army during his campaigns against the Turkish
Cossacks" andin 15?1theyw€re'registered' for regularservice. empireto seeka rcute to the Black Sea.He wassuccesful in
Azov-In 1725thereis recordofasquadronofSerbian
Between1576-1586 StephenBathory reorganised the Polish capturing
army.Companies (rot r) contained100infantryor 50 cavalry. Hussars andCossacksin thearmy.DuringPeter'sreignHetman
Cavalryrotar, later called 'standards',increasedto 200nen. Mazeppa and the Ukrainian Cossacks alliedwith CharlesXII of
These rotas joined together for battle into l&/s of several Sweden in an attackon Russia. In turn Tsar Peterattacked
thousandmen.'Standards' latergrewto 320meneach.As light Mazeppa'scapital,Baturjn, makingoff with its treasuryand
cavalrytheywere usedto envelopethe enemy,beingusedon arsenal.A newAtamanwaselectedandthe Cossack majority
thetipsofthePolisharmy's'hom'fomation.Theheavyhussan favoured allegiance with the Tsar, whilst Mazeppa sought
would then rush forward from the centreto crushthe ensnared rcfugewith Charles.
enemy,thelightcavalrylaterbeingutilisedto pursuethebeaten Around 1780the Ural Cossacksrevolted againstthe serfdom
foe. system, seekingto freelandfor thepeasants. An armyof 15,000
Theseearly Cossackswor€ costumeswhich would endure in led by Pugachev took the city of Kazanjust 120milesfrom
variationsto the presentday. They were characterised by fur Mos€ow.Russiantroopswere dispatched to meet the threat,
hats, long-sleevedkaftans,baggytrousersand long Polish but Pugachev wasbetrayedandthe rebelliondissolved.
boots. They canied short lances,Turkish sabres,bows or In the reignof Catherinethe Greatthe armywasreformed,
arquebus andlassoes. the Guardbeingaugnentedwith a squadronof hussars andtwo
rorridr of Cossacks. entitled the 'HussalsandCossacks of the
By 1625thereweresix regimentseacbof 1,000menandby
mid-centurythey wore uniform white coats,The Lisowski Imperial Court'. The other Cossacks registered for duty at this
Regimentof Cossacks foughtfor the ImperialPolishAnny in time were Don, Ural, Grebenski,Terek, Volga, Orenburg,
Poland,Czechoslovakia, Germany,FranceandItaly duringthe Slobdski, Ukranian, Zaparogski, Stavropol, Kalmuk,
Thity Years War. These Cossackswore a gold-t mmed Astrakhan,Azov and Bachmut.Theseirregularlight €avalry
marooncoat,greentrousers,yellowbootsanda red hat. wore pe.sonalised dress,but in the main appearedas Ukrai-
When the Russianstook controlof the Ukaine, Cossacks niansin tall furcapsandlongkaftans.TheTerekCossacks were
beganto servethemalso.Ivan the Terible (1533'1582) began not€d for their beards.Short stirrups and no spurs were
'regstration'asthePoleshaddone.Theywouldbecalledoutby favour€dby all Cossacks. In 1796Tsar Paul I maintaineda
the Tsarusuallyto defendRussia'sborders.Early encounters personal guard of50 Don Cossacks. Bluekaftanswom overred
wereagainstthe MongolsofAstrakhan.TheMuscovite(Grand waistcoats wereintrcduced,with light blue trousersandblack
Duchyof Moscow)armywascavalrybiasedandcomprisedof Astrakhancapssportingred bags.His catchinacorpsof Ural
mercenaryPoles,Tatarsand Cossacks. Cossacks of high rank Cossacks wereknownto wearraspberrycolouredkaftansand
worea tur-trimmedhatwithfeatherplumes,a fur collaredcloak red trousefs. The coat was trimmed with whitet silver for
and an anglelengthrobe in keepingwith Russiannobl€s.A officels. In 1800Paul sent afl army of 20,000Cossacksto
macewascanied asa signof rank. colonialIndianafterthe BritishseizedMaltafrom the French.
At Pskovirr 1581,500Cossacks in the Russianarmyfought disarminga Russianfleet in the process.But, as often with
againstthe Poles.Theywerealsoto fightTurksandTatarsand Cossackenteryrises,the army disintegratedupon reaching
campaignin Serbia.In the late 16zl0s the Ukrainiansrebelled
againstPoland.Under CossackleaderBogdanKhmelnitsky
theysackedPolishcastles, massacring thecivilians.At thistime
the Cossacks hada reputationfor unreliability,beingproneto NAPOLEOMCWARS
changesidesduring conflicts. The ZaporozhianCossacksof the During AlexanderI's reign the Cossacks retainedtraditional
Dnieper area were particularlyfeared lor their prinitive, mstumesof blue kaftans,facedred. OrenburgCossacks were
anarchicwaysand the reputationwasnot alleviatedby their seenwearingbluecr?ckmen's, a frock-coatfastenedby hooks
appearance of starkshaven-heads with just a top knot andlong notbuttons,pipedinred.Blueoverallsappearedandthe black
moustaches.They favoured red coloured coats. In 1654 the tur capwith red bagcompletedthe oudit. A tall and peaked
Cossacksstruck an agreementpactwith representativesof Tsar Cossack capappeared laterin the wars.Officersworeorange,
Alexei. The Cossackswould alsoserveasinfantry now, anddid blackor goldcapplumesandsilver,blackor goldcapcords.In
so campaigningin the east. Their numberwould containa 18t14 theyreceivedsilverembroideryon theircollars,lateronly
 27
retainedby Life-GuardCossackrcgiments.The Guard wore
red demi-kaftans with whitebraidingoncollarandfronts. "ITIORE |U|I|.ITAITIA"
By l8l2 the Don Cossacksnumber40,000equippedand
trainedmenreadyfor reconnaissance andescortduties.They HersantsMilitaryBooks,SkltrexLtd and many
werealsoto seeservicein masscavalryactions.On 8 Auglst othertraderswill be holdlngEUROPLUS+at the
Napoleon marched into Russia- Hetman Platov led his SouthcllffeHotel {opposite Leas Cliff Halll
Cossacks againsttheFrcnchadvance at Inkovo,nearSmolensk, Folkestoneon the23rdand24thSeptember 1995.
successfully detainingthem.Tbe Russianarmydecidedto fall EUROPLUS+ will provide a further choice of
back from Napoleon,finally acceptingbattle at Borodino, modelleE and enthusaasts in
which was indecisive,and they fell back again, desening
trade standsto
Moscow.Here the Cossacks harassed the Frencharoundthe Folkestoneover the weekend and a chance to
"get away from the maddingcrowd" to enjoy a
capital. Napoleonretreatedon 19 October as the Russian
wintersetin andthe Cossack iregularskept up their pressure drinkandsnackin oneofthe comfortable lounges.
until the F enchweredrivenfrom Russiansoil. At the River Tradingtimeswillbe 9.30-6.00 Saturdayand 9.30-
Berezinasome15,000French stragglers weremassacred. 4.00 Sunday.Admissionon both days is FREE.
TheFrenchwinteredat Vilna, wheretheywerewell supplied
with rations.Napoleonsaid,"The Russians will be at leastas
tired as we are, and they are sufferingjust as muchfrom the mai,nlyblue checkmenvilh collar, piping, shoulderstrapsand
waist sashesin their regimentalfacing colour. Caucasian
cold; they are sureto go into winterquarters.Nothingwill be
" cherkeska,lon9-coats or great'coats,
werealsoworn.Cylindric-
seenof themexceptfor Cossacks.
Despitefailure,Napoleonstill had designson Russiaand al shakoswithout peakswere commonlyseen.They were
Tsar Alexanderchoseto ally with Prussiato combat the adomedwith the ImperialEagleon the front, a pom-pomon
penistent threat. In March 1813 Prussiadeclaredwar on the left side and a cloth-bagon the right. The regimental
France.Soon 20OCossacksraided Hamburg, forcing the numberwouldappearon a platebelowtheeagle.Veryoftenan
occupyingFrenchgeneral,Lauriston,to evacuate,although oilskincoverprotectedthe entirehat. Officersworecockades
Davoutretookthe city. On 2 May Napoleonwon the battleof on the front of their hats,andlaceadomedtheir collars,cuffs
Lutzenand the Russianswere drivenback into Poland-The and epaulettes.Fur-hatswerc still in evidenceand peakless
Cossacks meanwhile raidedtheFrencharmy'srear.On 30May forage-capsotrdr&*a) were occasionallywom. Tsar NicholasI
wasColonelin ChiefofseveralCuardunits,thoseof theCuard
theycaptureda convoyof artilleryand 1,600men. Napoleon
now alsolackedcavalryandsoonwassigningan amistic€with HorseArtillery Brigadeincludingonebatteryof Don Cossack
the Allies. In November Cossacks$ossed into French-ruled HorseAnillery. The Tsar'suniform featureda grcenfrock coat
Holtandandthe populacedeclaredliberationin favourof the with gold lacing, light blue trouser with red stripe and a fur hat
patrolintercepted with tall featherplumes.By the endofthe century,in the reign
HouseofOrang€.In 1814a Cossack a letter
of AlevanderIII, thecavalryconsisted of l0Guard,51Dragoon
outsidcParisrevealingNapol€on's strategicplansandthiswas
and51Cossack regiments.
interpreted to theAllies'advantage.Wlen theAllieseventually
enteredPaistheywereledbyCossacksof theGuard.
WORLDWARONE
Prior to the Great War NicholasIl wasto introducefurther
CRIMEA changes in the Cossacks appearance. They dressedsimilarlyto
Fiveyea$ beforcthe CrimeanwarbeganNicholasI introduced theregularcavalry,butwerelighter.The DonCossacks faded
a new uniform for the CaucasionCorps. This had Cossack theirblueattirefor whitecl?c,tmetrandwhite€apsandblack
influence,featuringwide tur-brinmedhats,demi-kaftans and fouserswith red stipes. In additionto the lancetheywore a
longboots.To assistthis army in fightingmountaintribes,47 dragoonrifle, without bayonet,slungover their shoulder.At
sotniasofthe Cossack FrontierLinewereadded. thistime paradeuniformsreachedtheir peal of flarnboyan€e.
Nine Don CossackLight Horse Batteriesservedin the The seniorCossa€kregiment,the 'Life GuardHis Majesty\
Crimea,eachbatterycoflsisting of27 officers,4trumpeters and worered€oatsanddarkbluetrouserswith no striPe.Theywore
130 Cossacks.A Don horse regimentof 6 sotniaswould thepapaha. wide tur hat, with red bag andwhite plune andthe
comprise600-725 Cossacks plusoffice$ andstandardbearers. uniformwasfinishedoffwith goldbraid.His Impeial Majesty's
Also servingin the CrimeantheaEewerc the BlackSea,Ural Own Convoy Escort wasformed by NicholasI from Caucasian
andAzov Cossack unitsof foot, horseandadllery. The Black Cossacks, andtheysporteda resplendent, longred kaftanwith
Seainfantrybecarnerenownedduringthe siegeof Sevastopol rows of 'cigar-tube' cartridge pouchesGazirD on eachside of
for their marksmanship, beingparticularlygood at ambushes
and sniping.This balancedthe Cossacks reputationfor being At the outbreakof war the Cossackregimentslistedwerer
unreliablein thelightcavalryroleduringthecampaign ! Don, Orenburg.Astrakhan,Uralski,Sibe ki, Transbaikalski,
At Balaclavathe 53rdDon and Ural Cossacks suDDorted Iour Amourski,Oussounki,Kubanskiand Terekski.A batteryof
squadrcnr oflngermanland Hus(ar< in lheirauackagainst rhe Don Cossacks still figuredin the Life GuardHorseArtillery.
93rdHighlanders, deployingon theirflanks.They initiallyput Eachcavalrydivisionof the army held one regimenteachof
the alliedTurkishtroopsto flight, but the volleysof ihe 93rd dragoons,lancers,hussarsand Cossacks; the Dons,now very
haltedthen. Thecavalry,400horse,wheeledawayandwerehit much regardedas regularcavalry-Summerdressof a Don
againin the flanksby anothervolley.The Russians returnedto Cossackshoweda dark greenjacket, blue trouserswith red
theirIineswheretheyjoinedsome3000horseon the Causeway stripe,long bootsand a peakedcapor fur hat. Lan€es(ptkd),
Heights.Despitethis advantage, whenchargedby the Brirish with a sixinch steelpoint andmetalbutt, andswordswerestill
HealT Cavalry,they retreated.Laterin the battlethe illfated popular.Therifle wasan M1891pattemcarbine,and30rounds
chargeof the British Ligbr Brigadecrashedthroughthe Don of ammunitionper manwerecaniedin oilskinbandoliers. Half
CossackHolse Artillery. With their numbers drastically of a unit was equippedwith the lance,whilst the remainder
depletedthe British limped backro their lines.This Cossack wieldedthesword.Thetacti€wasforthe fiIst lineofa chargeto
regimentwasdistinguished by greenfrock-coatswith redpiping attackwith thelance,followedup byswordsmen. TheCossacks
andgreentrouserswith a red stripe.The Cossack cavalrywore apparentlypreferredto fight with the swordand they useda
variety down the years:tbe pallarli, a straight broadsword,the Althoughtankswere dominatingcontemporarya$enals,the
saDla,sabreandthe favoued rraska, a Caucasianpattem sabre Russianshad a tank shortage-Mobile Attack Groupswere
withouta handguard.The primeCossackrole in the war was cootrivedto co-ordinatecavalryand tanksin battle, but the
reconnaissance, but the 'Fronts'wetetoo vastto enablethemto cavalrywould primarilyact as scoutsand mountedinfantry.
obtainusefulintelligence.In the campaignaroundLemberg, Cavalry divisions of Central Asia listed for 1942 were: 12
SeDtember 1914.the Germansadvanced on the Russianborder Kazakh,5Uzbeki,3Tadzhik,3Ki*hiz,2 Turkmen,2Kalrnyk,
aqdlheysslayeAa,\"sq$s,Q?-ydry<!ee-qe"\afAr<-!qr-$d^r8 ,-qa{ak(,r'Qhrabrss(.-glgsqcd"lKc\aldissB?lkqliaq.tk
a 250 mile ftonl. Three Geman armies faced Russiat four, Germansalsoused€avalryin somenumben on the Eastem
which were supportedby 264cavalrysquadrons.The Austriafl Frcnt.
infanfy werebeatenandput to rout leavingtheiralliedSlavsin In Mar€h 1942the Soviet counter-attackagainstrhe W€hr-
the rear to kindly absorb a Russiancavalrypwsuit! The macht lost momentum.StiI, the Red Army sweptdown from
Russians simplyrespondedby anglingtheir artilleryover the Leningrad againstGerman Army Group North. They reached
headsof theSlavsto hit theretreatineAustrians aheadof them. Velikiye Luki, using cavalry to replacedestroyedarmour. By
the summer of '43 Russian cavalry saw a reduction to 2?
CN'IL WAR divisionsa5 the supplyof tanksrose.ln Septemberthe Red
ln 1917the Russianswithdrew from the European conflict to offensivebegan.Novembersaw the battle for Kiev, which
focus on their own intemal strife and the loomins rcvolution. involved two infantry armies, 3rd Guards Armour and lst
The Red Armyofrhe Bohheviksslormedrhe Win-terpalacear GuardsCavalry.tn Decemberthe RussianFront fieldednine
Petrogad on 30 October. They clashedwirh Cossacksloyal to cavalry divisions.The 3rd Guards MechanisedCorps merged
the Govemment and the Cossackleader, Krasnov, was with the 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps to form the Horse
captured.Govemmentgeneralsheadedsouthto ally ivith the MechanhedGroup(KMG). Thesesawactionin Manchuriain
CrssackAtaman,Keledin,whocontrolledtheDon recion.The August 1945againstthe Japanese.ln Januarf that year the
Ioyalgovernmenrrroops.rbe Whire Army. numbering4.000 Russianfront pressed on to Berlinwith cavalryin the ranks.
volunteers, joined them. crand Prince Alexi was himself a Although not Cossack,manycavalryunits wore their styleof
CossackAtaman of the ex-PalaceGuard. The roval costume.Others wore Red Army uniforrn, but on carnpaign
_ causefaced
setbdcksa5 lhe Dons soughr Independence. Katedin shol combinations oftraditional,pre-warand 1940-43 pattemfield
himselfand in the following SouthemUrals campaignthe dresswere seen.The Terek and Kuban Cossackswore a dark
Cossacks suffereddefeats.In Turkestanthe Cossacks under blue or black clel,t€rka with broad, usuallygrey, cuffs. A dark
Dutov wer€ more successful,stavingoff the Red Army. colouredshirt wasrvorn underneath,though dressunifom was
FromSeptember1918to the followingJanuarythe Ataman red for Kuban and light blue for Terek. Dark blue breeches
GeneralKrisnov besiegedthe Red Armi held city ofTsarirsin, weresported.Low fur-hats(&aban*a)in whitewerefavoured
hisCossacks encirclingitthreedmes, yetfaitingto breakin. The by the KubanCossacks. Thesehada softclothtop in the dress
'Reds'sufferedsevere colour. witha white crossdepictedwith blackbraid.(Goldbraid
losses.It wasnot till summerthat vear
lhat Kubancavalrv.accompanied by attied(American)ra;ks. forofficers).A black wool capecouldbe wom inwinter,plusa
took Tsaritsin.The White Army advancedto Moscow.In loosescarfin vaious colours.Long riding bootswerestill the
August 8,000 Don Cossackspenetmtedthe 'Red' lines at norm,but nowmanyworespurs.Standardissue6elddresswas
Tarnboffandjoined-upwirh the KubanCorps.Seprembersaw a Bymnastio*a $ni(, baggy riding breechesin ktaki, and a
the 'Whites'takeOrel, 200milesfrom Moscow. peakedcapor fur hat. Rifles and carbinesplus the riiartd were
In October1919the Red Army begana counteroffensive still popular,aswasthe newadditionofthe PPShsub-machine
with the newlyformed Red Cavalrymodeled on the White gun.
Cossacks. With the breakdownofsocialorderdurinethe civil Collartabsdisplay€dcrossedsabres,and branchcoloun in
war rhe conformilyof unrrormswaslosl and rhe c;mbalanrs 1940were:Cavalry:collartab blue, tab pipingblack,unifom
wore a mixture of First Wodd War army dressandcivilian wear. pipinglighrblue,capband/piping black.
The Cossacks worea combinationof irregularrraditionaldress Branchcoloursin 1943were:Cavalry:colourblue, emblem
andarmyissue.On 24 Octoberthe White cavalrywere defeated coloursilver,capbandblue, pipingblack;Don Cossack:cap
by the'Reds', led by Veroniesh.He strucka wedgebetween bandred,pipingred;KubanandTer€kCossack: capbandblue,
their centreand their right ilank and the 'Whites'rerreated. pipingred.
Even as the Poles intervened in the war the Red Cavalry The Kuban Cossackpennant wasdivided top and bottom in
repuhedthem. On the Southemfront in 1920,Mironov. a white and red, resemblingexamplesdescribedin the middle-
Cossack veteranof World War Onesidedwith the ,Reds'.The
2nd Red CavalryArmy def€atedthe 'Whites'againand they
retreatedto the Crimea.Theytook theirlaststandhere,but in
Novemberwere drivenout olRussiaairoserher. CONCLUSION
This brings the study to an end and I hope it has enlightened
other readers regarding the activities of these fascinating
WORLDWARTWO horsemen. There are many works covering 19th and 20th
Although the war would see the continued use of cavalry by Centurycavalrywarfareto further one'sstudyofthe Cossacks.I
Russianand Germans,it begandisastrously for the Poles.As €xpect they are well rcprcsentedin the Napoleonic nnges of
Germantankscrossedthe River Bzuraon 9 SeDtember 1939. figure manufacturers,but asit's not my specialistera I'm unsure
Polishlancerscha'gedlhem to be hopelessly c;nfoundedby ofthis-Theyshouldappearin the CrimeanWar listsandalsobe
modemmilitaryhar&{are. availablein 15mmand 25mm.As for the World War ranges,
In June 1941Hitler launchedOpemtion Barbarcssa,the usuallyin 20mm,I haven'tyet comeacrossthem, but as this
invasionof the SovietUnion. Stalinfacedhim. He had been articleshows,their costumesadaptandaresuitableacrossmany
involvedin the Red Army's 1stCavalryDivision,althoughhe
hadpurgedits originalcommandeN. Therewereeightcavalry The Cossackscan b€ put to good usein many wargames,as
divisionsin service,plusfour MountainCavalryDivisions.By they sawplentyof a€tionsthroughoutEurope,Russiaandthe
the end of the year the divisions increasedro 82, being small Far Eastfor abou!1,000years!Solet'sseethemin )our armies
unitsequivalentperhapsto a total of 30 rradirionaldivisions.

IMIINRIDGE
by PeteBrown
The Korean War is, in manyways,a forgotten war, comingasit
doessosoonafter the SecondWorld War andbeingeclipsedby
the conflict that followed in Vietnam. Yet this conflict contains
numerousactions that could be of interest to wargamen, not
leastof which is the action detailed below.
BACKGROUND
The Korean War had stalled. The Allied forces had pushed
north and almostdestroyedthe North Korean forces,only to be
attackedin tum by the Chineseandflungback,€omingcloseto
disasteranddefeaton morethanoneoccasion. By April 1951,
thetwo sidesgloweredateachotheracrossNo-Mant-Land and
awaitedthenextmove.MarshallPengTe Huaihadpreparedan
offensivewith which he hopedto defeatthe Allies militarily and
maketheir positionin Koreauntenable.He plannedto attack
all along the Allied line to pin them in placewhilst he hit one
point with his best troops, forcing a gap in the line through
which his men €ould make an immediate advanceon Seoul,
cutting off the Allied army with its back to the sea.The areaof
this key attack would be a front sevenand a half miles long,
alongthe knjin river, andthe trcops usedwould be the veieran
187th,188thand 189thDivisions,each9,000strong.Pengknew
that thisareawasthinlymannedby only oneAllied brigade,as
theAlliesexpected the attackelsewhere, andto hismindthere
wasvery little that could go wrong.
TIIE BRITISH2fth BRIGADE
Holdingthat sevenand a half milesof front alongthe Imjin
Riverwastheresponsibiliry ofBrigadierTonBrodie.To do so,
hehadthe lst Battalionsofthe RoyalNorthumb€rland Fusiliers
(Lt.Col. Kingsley-Foster),the GloucestershneRegiment
(Lt.col. J.P. Came), and rbe Royal Ulster Rifles (Lt-Col.
Ca$on), with a BelgianbattalionunderLt.Col. Cmhay.For
fire suppo( he had the 25 poundergunsof45 FieldRegiment
and the 4.2 inch mortarsof 170Mortar Battery,both Royal
Anillery, with the back up firepower of the 8th King's Royal
kish Hussars,in their Centurion tanks. To the westwasthe lst
Republicof Korea (ROK) Division,whilstto the eastlay the
American3rd Division.
At first glanceBrodie'spositionlookedto be a strongon€.
(Seemap1.)TheBritishheldthehighground oppositethedver
crossings,the highest peak being Kamak-Sa , which rises to
2000feet. From their positionsthe British hada clearview down
onaothe riveranda relativelyclearfield offire. However,these
advantageswere offset by the few troops availableto hold the
line, by the factthat the river wasfordablein mostplac€sand,
lastly, by the fact that the Chinesemostly came at night.
Throughoutthe coming battle the British receivedno air cover
and no heavy artillery support, aI of which went to the
American units which were considered to be more heavily
pressed.
In the daysleadingup to 22 April the British had been
probingnorthinto No-Man\-Landwith negativeresults.Small
skirnisheshad taken place,but flothing suggested that the
Chinesemightiesrblow would land therc. However,patrols
comingin on themomingofthe22ndtoldofa largeenemybuild
up on the oppositebankandsoonthe 25poundersandmortan
werebeingcalledonto groupsof Chinesesentforward to probe
the river for crossingpoints. The sizeof the enemyforce facing
themwasneverrealised,dueto the Chineseabilityto moveat
29
QUICKREACTIONFORCE
utisb all our customerc a
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NO,VE IIAVE NOTGONE MAD, NOR IIAVE VE TOST
OIJ'R CAI.ENDAR!
It's iust that *lhen we r€allsed what we can now offer fte
waigam€r in l5mm, 20th c€ntury Agureq well it seemed
that Christmas had come eady.
VIIY? well w€'v€ ove. ONE HIINDR.ED AND TVENTY
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selection ranging ftom wvII (winter & summer),
Vietnrm and modem.
And a release this month of THIRTY n€w vehicl€s, plus
Modem British Inft fy(sAao) British HMG (vickers),
French Maquig, Mod€m "Civilians' in a mix of military
clothing and various 4pes ofweapons, and we introduc€
our new "FESTUNGEtlRoPA" range of r€sin r 5mm scare
bunkers, complete with internal detail.
Now you can understand why s/€ thinl< Christmrs is here?
For a complete listrng of our range (and information on
our intended relearcs ) pleae send an A4 SA-Eto.
Q-R-F.,4 STTAWFIELDCLOSE,SUTTON
HILL.IELFORD. SHROPSHIAETF7 4BB.
night and to remain skiltully hidden from the prying eyes of
Allied aircraft durine the day. Whilst the British plaflned to
repel probing attacksthe Chinesepreparedfor their total
TIIE BATTLE BEGINS
UnneNedby the activityon the north bank, the Ulsten sent
forward a platoon to securethe bridge at Ulster Crossing.In
command wasLt. HedleyCraigwith his2IC Lt. P.J.Kavanagh,
bothof*hom werevolunteers whohadrequested a moveto the
front to relieve the boredomof life at the rear. Moving forward
in Oxford carriers,the little platoon wasin the midst of crossing
the ford when it ran sfaight into the Chinese main force,
moving forward on the attack. Communist soldien were
moving all around them and within secondsone carrier had
been destroyed and the troops almost overrun. Although
woundedin the shoulderKavanaghbarkedthe order: "Lie
down, face to your ftont and retum the firel" Falling back by
sectionsthe tiny outfit managedto retreat to the Bdtish lines
whereLt. Kavanaghand five nen rejoined their battalion. Th€
others*ere eitherkilledor captured,with Lt. Craig,comman-
ding the rear guard,becominga prisoneronly to escapeand
rcjoin hisbattaliontwo dayslater.
All acrossthe British lines the order wasgiven to 'stand to'.
Under the glow of the trip flares and by the first rcunds fired
ftom the ambushpositionsthe battle beganin eamest.Both 'A'
and 'D' companiesof the Glostersquickly found themselvesin
the thick of it as187thChineseDivision tried to force a crossins.
Firing from their entrenchmenrr and callingin monar 6re io
pound the densecolumns,the Glostersmade the Communists
pay dearly for the ground they gained, but as quickly as one
attackwasstoppedanotherwaveof Chioesewould dsefrom the
gound andsurgeforward. After a sixhour battle, outnumbered
30
'A'
sixto oneandwith ammunitionrunningout fast, Company IIIJINFIOGE I
wasIorcedto grvegroundand lost the peakof its Position;a
featureknown as CastleHill. Major Angier, the Company
commander, knewthat thispositionwasthe key to holdingout
and,in the faceof incredibleodds.knewthat only one choice
remained."Fixbayonets!"Leadingthecharge,Lt. PhilipCurtis
took the Chinesetotally by surpriseand inflicted tenible
casualties. Despirebeingwoundedhimself,Curtiswent on to
single-handedly attacka machinegun set up on CastleHill,
destroyingitwithagrenadebut losinghislifein theprocess. For
this act of couragehe receiveda posthunousV.C. Major
Angierandhisforwardartilleryobserverwerekilledby a burst -
of machinegun fire whilstmovingforwardto directthe fire of r ^H't'3e6
the 25 pounders.Despite theit loss, Sgt.Major Gallagher li\-\
assumed commandandordereda wilhdrawal.under$e cover
oftheguns,to Hill235,whichwasto becomeknownasGloster
Hil'. 'D' Companyhadalsosufferedbadlyin the attack,with10
g"ffib7"s'*i***'
Platoon being overrun and losing all bur 12 men. Under tr-v"'*,
increasing pressure, lhe orderwasgivento alsopull backto Hill -I n xrrras
Z$ !,H t3l4 -)
235.
Elsewhere,the B€lgianswere sufferingheary attacksall -- B@d
alongth€ir line and, despitefierceresistance, were forcedto | | r arver
| | a P.lkHlll
withdraw.Leavingone in reserve,three companiesof the
Ulst€rsmovedforwardto Hill 398 to cover the retreat and
securethe line. All of the Nodhumberlands' positionswere
attackedin strengthand, due ro the l€ngthof the line, each 45RA, only20mennade it to GlosterHillby dawn.Duringthe
facedthe enemyalofle.Conmandingthe centre,Major John nightthe positionof GlosterHill wasalsoattackedin strenglh.
winn won a D.S.O. for his directionof the defencethat night but each time the Chinesewere beatenoff with dreadful
with'Z'Company.but'X' Company,in iis inpossiblyexposed casualties, onlyto rallyandcone again.To keepup theflagging
positionwasforcedto fau back or be ovelrun.By dawn, Y' spiritsofthe men.Drum'MajorPhilipBussrepliedtothe bugles
Company'sposilion,was equally untenableand it too was of th€ Chineseby defianllystandingup in his slit trenchand
forcedto fall back.This allowedthe Chineseto pushthrough playinghis owr bugle.With bullels whizzingabout him he
'Cookhouse. OfficersDressFor Dinner'
thecentreto thepointthat,by daylight,thegunsof45 RA were played Reveille,
underrifle fire fromthe Communists. andjust abouteveryotherbuglecallhe knewexcept,of course,
With the coming of dawn came the realisationof their Retreat.Col. Fred Came, commanderon GlosterHill, also
position.To the west,the ROK battalionhad been routed, bohteredrhespiritsofhismen.Walkingcalmlyamongstthem,
whilstto theeasrrheChinesehadcut the roadto the American pipein hand,full ofconfidence,Carnewasa pillar of strength
lines.TheBrigadestoodalonebetweenlhe ChineseandSeoul. andtheeDitome ofa Britishofficerina hoDeless situation.With
During the daylighthoursthe Chinesedug in. expectingair rifle andgrenades he led the defenceandieceivednot only th€
attacksthat nevercame.Brodie'sdescriplionof his Brigade's VictoriaCross,but also the AmericanDistinguished Service
positionas"a bit sticky"cut no icewith the U.S. who believed. Crossfor hisperformance tharnighr.
righdy or not, that their men were more sorelypress€d.An Elsewhcre. thebattlewasnot goingwell.Ammunitionwasso
attemptwasmadeby'Z'Companyto retakeits position,lostin shortthat at onestagethe Nortumberlands usedcomporation
the earlyhoursofthe noming. Despitetank supportfrom 8th tinsinsteadof grenades to fool rhe Chineseinto keepingtheir
Hussarsthe Northumberlands wereonly brieflyto retakeand headsdown. Ar 8am, after fighting off wave after wave of
hold the ridge before the Chinesepushedthem off again. enemysoldiersthroughoutthe night,the orderfinallycameto
Attackinguphill againstoddsof 6 to 1 it is to their creditthat withdraw.The plan wasto withdrawsouthalongthe roadstill
they did so well,but lessthanhalfreturned.All that remained heldby the Ulsters,usingthe tanksofthe 8th Hussarsboth as
wasto digin andawaitthe night. transportand asdirectfiresupport.As soonastheretreatbegan
TheChinesehadnotexpe€tedto beheldupbytheBritishand theChineserealisedwhatwashappening andbegantoattackall
their plans were already24 houn behind schedule.Peng along the line. Despitethe fire of the C€nturiontanks the
orderedboth the 188thand 189thDivisionsto attack the Chinesepouredthroughthe gapsin the line and were soon
closters, intendingto wipe them off the mapandforce a hol€ in swarmingoverthe posilionsvacatedbythe British.Any retreal
theAllied line.As darknessfell theChinesebuglessounded and whilststillin contaclwith the enemyisdifficult,but withoutair
attackswerelaunched atlalongthe Britishlines.As th€ Chinese coverandinsufficient infantryto mounlarearguardthisretreat
advanced od the Gtosterspositionstheybecamedisorientated becameimpossible. one Hussarsofficedescribed ii as'onelong
'B'
andattackedobliquelyalong Company's front, wherethey bloody ambush'-The Hussarssoon found their tanks being
were shot down in drovesby the British enfiladingfire. The assaulted by Chineseinfantrywho hopedto destroythemwith
Chinesealtack plan also took them through a seriesof grenadesor by pushingpole chargesinto their tmcks. The
pre-plannedartillery 'kill zones'which also causedfrightful Britishhadto resonto machinegunningeachother'stanksto
casualties. Despitethis,theykeptcomingandsoonfound,and dislodgetheeneny,whilstSglJackCamdenwasforcedto drjve
'C' Companies.'C histank througha houseto dislodgethe enemybatteringaway
exploited, the gap beMeen 'B' and
Company,on lowerground,soonfoundthei positioncritical, at his turret. All day lhe Centudonsrakedthe hillsideswith
as8and9 Platoonswere swampedby Chinese infantry.At M.00 their20pounders andBesamachineguns,whilsttheircomrades
houn they pulled back to Hill 235 leaving orders for'B' ferriedthe exhausted Northumberlands andUlstersalongthe
Companyto do the same.This wasmoreeasilysaidthandone, roadsouthto safety.Eventhe journeysouthwasfraughtwith
astheywerecloselypressedby theenemy,anddespitecovering dangerasthe Chinesepouredfire downon the roadfrom the
fire from the Vickersgunson 235andcontinuedsuppo( fiom hillsabove.Withoutair cover,the Britishwereforcedto fight
 3l
everystepo{ the way,with manyinjuredorbeingkilledasthe WARGAMINGIMJINRIDGE
tanks werc mked by machinesunsftom hidden Chinese
positions. Bynightfall,thelastr€mnantsof29Brigadestumbled Given the size oI th€ forces involved the first consideration
into thesafetyof the Ame canlinewhichhadbeenestablished shouldbe what scaleto use.If you wish to refightthe whole
somemilessouthto plugthe gapleft by theBritishwithdrawal. battle then the obvious choice is 1/300tb or 1/200th scale.
Major Huth, of 'C' Squadron,8th Hussars,drcvethe lasttank CenturiontanksareavailablefrommostmanufactureN andthe
outofthe valleyandwon a DSO for hishandlingoftheretreat. Chinese could be €onverted from any WWII Russian figures
Evenhe wassurprisedwhen,sometime later,Genld Rickord wearing hats as opposed to helmets, if no suitable figures canbe
ledin the remnants of'B'Companyof theUhters.His hadbeen found. The Ulstels fought the battle in tin hats, as woIn
the job of rearguardand he wasnot expectedto makeit. The thrcughout WWII, so again any figures of this nature will do, as
word was then passed: "Everybody's come down who's will any representation of the Belgians, who were equipped and
coming." dressedasAmericans-The Glostersare a bit tricky astheywore
For the Glosterstherc wasnow no way out. With the cold beretsduringthe baltle and so a little moreshoppingaround
light of day camethe realisationthat they werenow without maybenecessarytoget anexactmatch,whilsttheNorthumber-
artillery support, thar th€ rest of the Brigade had been lands will prove even harder to purchase,asthey not only \{ore
berets but also the red and white 'hackle'in the beret.as the
withdrawnand that the prospectof relief wasslim. Someair
support, in the form of a flight of F-80 ShootingStals did now combat took place on St. George'sDay. Mouldingred and
'hackles'onto 1/300thscalefiguresmay not be everyone's
arrivebut, whentheyhaddonetheirwork andleft,the Chinese white
couldoncemorebe seengatheringon the slopesbelowfor the ideaof a goodtime andit is alsoa quickway to a permanent
final charge. Col. Carne received newson the last r€maining squint.A muchmoresensible ideaistomove to a largerscale.
radiothattherewasno reliefcolumncomingandthedecisionto Again, with 15 or 20mm figures the wargamercanget away
breakout wasleft to hisdiscretion.kaving the woundedwith withusingfiguresfrornanyWWII range.TheBritishusedstens,
PadreDavis, the order was given for eachunit to break out as rifles,Brensand Vicken machineguns just asin that war and
best il €ould. Drum-Major Buss played the Long Reveille $,ith the large range of figures available you shouldbe ableto
before blowing up hh buglewith a grenade so asnot to let it fall mix and match to your hearfs content. However, if youchoose
into enemyhands. Eachcompanythenattemptedto breakout to buy 20mmthen you may have to scaledown the level of
throughrheenemyline\. A . B and C Companies soonran conflictyourvantto depict.Top of everyone's list wouldbe the
into enemyheavymachinegun positionsand, outnurnbered, standmade by the Glosters, but even to represent onecompany
exhausted afld with no ammunition,wereforcedto surrender. would require in excess of 100 figures. A scaled down venion
'D'Company, led by Major Mike Harvey, took a morc would make with one platoon being used to
circuitous routeandsuccessfully brokethroughathinlymanned representone€ompany, whichstillrequiresroughly 100figures,
areaof the Chineseen€irclement. For the next two daysthey but is much more manageable. If this level of game is still too
avoided Chinesepatrols and slowly made their way back to rich for your blood then there are a number of possible skirmish
Allied lines. The final tragic act occuredwhen they were actions.Theattempted crossing of UlsterFordby Lt. Kavanagh
mistakenfor enemytroopsand fired on by Americantanks, wouldbe ideal,requiringa platoonof Britishand at leastthat
losinsseveralcasualties beforethe mistakewasrealised. nany Chinese.(Theircasualties couldbebroughtbackto life to
oncemorechargethe tiny patroll) Equallygoodwouldbe the
retreatthroughthe valley,with a Centurion,loadeddownwith
TIIE AT'TERMATH wounded, beingbeset flom allsidesby unitsof the enemy.The
addedbonusofthe skirmishgameis that you canrecreatethe
Of the 850Glostersthat paradedbeforethe batdeonly 169 individualactsofheroismof whichthereweresomanyat Imjin,
survived.Inall, abouta quarteroftheBitish who took part in andyoucanreallybeginto geta feelfor thedesperate situation
thebattlelverekilledorwounded.Yet thisonebrigadehadheld the BritishtrooDsfoundthemselves in.
up the advanceof the entire Chinese63rdArmy andinflicted an Thegound for thebattlewouldconsistmainlyof the rolling,
estimated10,000casualties on the enemy.The threedivisions hilly terrain,depictedon the map-Therewaslittle in thewayof
that hadattackedthe B tishwereweakened to the pointwhere vegetation,otherthancloseto the river itself,andso thereis
theywerenow unableto punchthroughthe hastilyconstructed little the Chinese can use for cover. The British had pre-
Americanlinesthatnowblockedthewayto Seoul.TheChinese preparedtrenchesand irip flares, and any gameusingartilery
offensivehadfailed. shouldreflectthe 'Kill Zones'designated in advanceby the
General James Van Fleet called the action "the most Britishplayer.
outstanding exampleof unit bnvery in modemwarfare. . ." Any setof World War Two rulesshouldcopeadequatelywith
yet the citationsandmedalscouldnot disguise the factthat the this game, although the amazingresilienceof the Chinese,to
Britishbrigadehadbeenfailedby its Allies.Withoutsuppo(,it comeon againdespitethe casualties, shouldbe reflect€dhere
had been cut off and allowedto be destroyedpiecemeal, also.
somethingthat neverhappenedbeforeor againin the Korean So thereyou haveit. The singlemost outstandingbrigade
War. Within weeks,SouthKorea'sdictator,SyngmanRiee, actionof the KoreanWar andonethat, I think you'I agree,is
unhappy at Britain's pa( in the downfall of McArthur, not onlyworthyofremembering,but alsoof recreating on any
declaredr"The British have outlived their welcom€in my wargamestable. I hope this article has gone someway to
country . . - (the) British troopsall rcprcsenta government kindling an interest amongstwargamerstowardsthh 'forgotten
which is sabolagingthe brave American effort to liberate my
unhappynation." But if the South Korean memorieswere
short,thoseofth€ Chinesewerenot. Lofty Largerecordsin his BIBLIOGRAPITY
bookthat ashe anda numberof otherprisoners werenood by
the sideof the road,ajeep pulledup andout hoppeda Chinese Max Hastings, The Korean Wdl. An excellent, detailed
General. "You are English?"He enquired,and when they
replied that they were he is reponed to have said: "You fight David Rees, The Kotean War History & Tactics. Also an
like tbisfor somewherc 10,000milesfrom home.Heavenhelp
anyonewho invadesEngland." Lofty Large, One Man's War in Korca. Deals only with the
Glostersand is an excelent filst-hand account.
32

THEIEGIONDUMIDI
byRbhardPamidge

The Midi is the term given to the Soutb of France, which aI of the 26th Ligle was actingas an advanceskimish s€reen,
includesthe areabordering Italy. A Legion du Midi wasforrned and followed up the slowly retiring 95th Rifles and the lst and
in June 1793as a responseto the call to armsto defendthe 3rd PortugueseCagadores.The French fomation rcachedth€
Revolution. This unit either never reachedfull strenglh,or lvas top of the slope, and was preparing to capture the guns of A
incorporatedinto one of the Demi'Brigades formed as a result Troop, R.H.A. The two remainingbattalionsof the Light
of theFirstor SecondAmalgamations between1?93and1?96.1 Division,the43rdand52nd,some1800strong,movedoutftom
The unit that Mr Harrisonis askingaboutis the oneformed coverandfired a volleyat almostpoint blankrange.Stunned,
later, asa result of the absorptionof the continentalpart of the the Frenchtried to advanceinto contact, but two more volleys
Kingdom of Sardinia into France. At the outbreak of the destroyed theircohesion, andtheystartedto retire,followedby
Revolution,Piedmontwaspart ofthe holdingofthe Kingdon th€ light troops. From all causes, artillery fire (including
of Sardinia,togetherwith Nice and Savoy. In his initial sphericalcase),skirmishfire, andthe final fire fight, the Legion
carnpaignin Italy, Buonaparteforced the SardinianArmy into sufferedsome311casualties, a rateof 55%, ahhoughof coulse,
the Armistice of Cherascowhich also cededSavoyand Nice to some of these were recoverable. In effect. their frrst solid
the Republic.Left out on a limb, Piedmontremaineda part of engagement hadjust aboutruinedthem.'
the Kingdomof Sardiniauntil 1802,whenCharlesEmmanuel The Ldgion servedthrough the remainder of the campaign,
IV abdicatedin favour of his brother. who retired to Sardinia suffering along with the rest of Massena'sarmy in front of the
proper;asa result,FranceannexedPiedmont.' Lines of Torres Vedras, and by 15 March 1811their strength
Originally, the remnantsof the Piedmont army were had droppedto 412.3At Fuentesd'Onoro(3-5May 1811)the
absorbedinto a Legion Pidmontaise,but their unifom l-egion numbered385 all ranks, and with th€ rest of Division
remindedpotential recruits too much of the local police force, Ferey spearheadedthe attack againstFuentesitself on the fiIst
so that it was soon replaced!By rc-naming the unit the Legion day. This degen€ratedinto vicious house fighting, and the
du Midi in 1804,the lanks were additionallyopenedup to divisionremainedin andoearthetownon the5thwhilsttherest
non-Piedmontese, but neitheruniteverreached theirprojected of 6th CorpstumedWellington's right(southem)flank.'
strength of four legions of five battalions each. Taking This proved to be the last of the L6gion's battles, apart frcm
advantageof the hiatus in hostilities glven by the Treaty of someskirmishingalongthe frontier under Marmont. With only
Amienshowever,the 1stand2ndBattalionsof thekgion went a depot company to replenish losses, and dependant on
to assistin reclaimingthe revolted French coloniesin the west volunteen, there was little reasonto keep it as a separate
lndies. The few survivors of the ravagesof yellow fev€r and organisation.In August1811.the unit wasdisbanded andthose
otherdiseases wereabsorbedinto the S2ndLigne. remaininginSpainwerern€rgedinto the31Leger,whichfought
The 3rd Battalion,whichhad not beenshippedout b€cause at Salamanca(22 July 1812) in Brigade Menne, Division
the re-constituted Britishblockadehads.oppedit sailing,was Ferey.l0Thedepot(stillin France)wentto ther11Leger,which
renumberedas the lst Battalion and a new 2nd Battalion wasformed from the Tirailleurs du Po, Tirailleurs Corsesand
recruitedby volunteers.3 Originaly on coastdefenceduties, thevalaisbattalion.rl
they were part of GD Andoche Junot\ 1st Corps de The uniform of the L6giondu Midi for the Portugalcampaign
Observation de la Girondein his invasionof Portugalin 1807. was a bro\r'n coat with medium blue colar, cuffs, lapels and
The hard marchesand the onset of guenilla warfare in th€ tumbacks.Buttonss,ereyellow,andsmallclothswerewhite.
summerof 1808seenedto have whitdedthe two battalions Carabiniers worethe bearskinwith a brassfront shieldandall
down. Omanonly quotesa singlebattalionof 797presentin distinctiveswer€ red. Centre companiesprobably wore com-
June1808,just beforethe Britisharrived."It wouldappearto pany pompornsand the Voltigeurcompany,againprobably,
havebeen in ga[ison during August sinceit wasnot presentat had green over yellow plumes.The musicianswore a very
Roli{a or Vimeiro, but repatdated to France after the difJerent headdress, which looked like a dragoon helmet
Conventionof Cintra.It waswith Junotwhenhisre-constituted without the horsehairmane. This was a relic from the first two
8th Corpsre-entered Spainlaterthatyear. battalions,so to makean interestingunit, you couldusesome
Used to reinforce Soult's 2nd Corys during his chaseof Sir artistic licenseand do the whole unit like it. I would suggest
JohDMoore'sArmy duringDecember1808andJanuary1809, usingAustriansin Casquetsand makinga smallfiont plume out
the l;gion missedCoruia but made the Oporto €ampaignas of wire, built up with Miliput. Drums were brasswith medium
pan of Divisiod Heudelet. This division missedthe fighting on blue rims.andthe musicrans hadyellowlaceon the collarand
12May,butwasin theretreatinto Galicia.WhenitjoinedNey's cuffs andyellow chevronson their arms.r'
6th Corpsin Galicia,the Divisionwastnnsfered over to it.
After joining in the punuit of Welledey when he fell back ftom
Talaverain August 1809,it went into garrison, not making the NOTES
Tamamesor Alba de To.mescampaignin the autumn.'
I GeorgeNafziger, fte FfenchArmJ 1788-1815,Vol.3, Raidel
The L6gion took the field again as part of Ney\ 6th Corps
during Massena'sinvasionof Portugalin l8lGll. On 15 Games.1988.D.14.
September 1810,itwas a singlebattalionunitof 18officersand ' Philip Haythbrnthwaite, TheNapoleonicSourceBook, Atms
546 O.R.s, in Brigade Simon of Division lrison. The andArmour Press,1990,p.250-
commandingofficer was Cft€tde ratailon Spring.6At Bussaco 3 For the forgoing see Col. John F,lting, Swotds AroMd A
on 27 September,Division l-oison attackedthat portion of the fArone,Weiden{eldandNicolson,1988,pp.369-70.
ridgeheldby the Light Division.It is entirelypossiblethat the a Sir Charles Oman, Hbtory of the Peninsuk Wa\ vol. I,
L;gion du Midi washeadingthe formation which seemsto have Clarendon Press, 1902,Appendix: Frcnch Amf in Spain, I
beenin columnsof companyby bdgade.BrigadeSimonwas June1808.
followed by Brigade Ferey, except for the lattert 32nd l-eger 5 op. cit. Vol.2, FrenchAJmystrengths at differentdates.
which actedasa flank guard on lhe division's open left. Part or 6 op. cit. Vol. 3, pp.540-43.Also Jean JacquesPelet, Tr€
 3-1

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EUoP!r5%pePRs'dwdd55*plp
FrcnchCampaienin Potugat 1810-11 (ed. & trans.Donald
Hortrard).Universityol Minnesoia.1973.appendix.
A goodanaljsisof ihe Badle of Bussaco is in Lr. Col. c.L.
Chambers,8u$aco, London1910,reprintedWorteypubtica-
tions,1994,especialypp.89-119. 38 WEST SI, DUNSTABLE.BEDFORDSHIRELU6 ]TA
' Oman,ditory, Vol. 4 Appeldi,x: tuench
Army of porfitgal 15
March1811.
e op. cit. Vol. 4 Appendix:
FrcnchAmt at Fuentesde Onoro,
3-5May 1811.
ro op. cit. Vol. 5, Appendi|l.t

ftfr**fr.ft,{
**frs**.***,*fr
FrenchAmt of Portugat,1 July
t812.
'r Eltine,S'ro/dr,page370.
" Col. John Elting, Napoleonic
Uniforr s (i\\sftator Herbefi
Knotel).Vol. 2. Macmiltan Publishing Companylgal. ptates
&,65 and66.
34

TheAllledAtmles1940
by Dominic Skelton

This arti€le, following on from my article on the Polish army Thisunit typewasalsoreplacedby the mixedarmoursquadron
lwl88l, is intendedto outline a lesswell'known asPectof inApril1940.
WWII. Whilst somewhatmorc mainstreamthan the Polish Mixed Armour Sqradmn
campaign,the 1940Blitzkieg is stin neglectedby wargamers. 3 CruiserTanks(May 1940onwards, includesupto l CSTank)-
This anicleis mainlyintendedto provideorganisations for use
with the excellentRapidFil€ WwU rules.(Is that plug OK, Cavalry Light Tank Squadron
Colin?) lt really containstoo moch to give detailsof model 4 VickersMk. VI Light Tanks.
availability,but includestheaddressesof thefirmsthatproduc€ CavalrJ Armoured Car Squadron
the mostusefulranges. 2Moms ArmouredCars.
DivisionalCavalrJ Sqoadron
THE ORGANISATIONS 2 Vicke^Mk. Vl t rghrTank'.2 ScourCameF
Theseorganisations arein standardRdpid Fircformat,butl've ArmJ Tank Company
excluded troopqualiry andpornt'cosll.asonvarious occa(ions.3 MatildaI and/orMatildaII.
Alliedunitsshowedthecharacteristics of beingeverythingfrom
raw to €lite, andin somecasesit reallyis a matterof personal Artillery
opinionasto howhighly(or otherwisel)a unitshouldbe rated. Field Batt€ry, Royal Anillery
The organisations for each nation are broken down into 3 CO andRadioOperatorin car.
sections:infantry,armour,andartillery. 2Man FOO teamin carrier-
eachwith4 CrewandaDragontractor.
Two 18/25pdrs,
RoyalHorseArtillerJ Battery
BRITAIN CO andRadioOperatorin car.
TheBEF is probablythebestknownof theAllied armiesofthis 2 ManFOO teamincarrier.
period,with Dunkirk springingreadilyto nind, "the first of Threel8/25pdrs,eachwith 4 crewanda Dragontractor.
manygreatBritishdefeatswhichled us to win the war". (See MediumBatt€ry, Royal Artillery
R.J. Oliver's incompleteA to Z of WWII in wI73 ) h's CO andRadioOperatorincar.
generallyheldthatthe BEFwasthe"best"ofthe Allied armies, 2ManFOO leamin cader.
and,beingBitish,I won't botherdisagreeingl Two6"Howitzers,eachwith4 Crewanda truck-
Infantry HeaYyBattery, Royal A iUery
,,Normal" lnfantry Baatalion CO andRadioOperatorincar.
HO Compafly:CO. 3 Other Ranks,Z'Mortar, Radio, l5cwt 2 ManFOO teamin carier-
Truck. 7.2"Gun,4Crew,and(verylarge!)truck.
Fourcompanies (A-D): Each8 OtherRanks. Anti-Tank BatterJ, RoyalArtillery
SupportCompany:AA Platoon:3 Other Ranks,AA Bren. CO andRadioOperatorin carrier.
BoyesAT Rifle, l5cwtTru€k. Three2pdrAntiTank Guns,eachwith 4 Crewanda carrier.
MortarPlatoon:3 OtherRanks,3" Mortar-
CarrierPlatoon:3 OtherRanks,Bren Carrier. Light Anti-Aircraft Batt€ry' Royal Artillery
PioneerPlatoon:3 OtherRanks,DemolitionCharge. CO andRadioOperatorincar.
Three40mmBoforsGuns,eachwith 4 Crewanda 15cwttruck.
NB: Somebattalionsdidn't haveanti'aircraftplatoons.In these
€asesomit the AA Platoon,andadd2 figureswith a BoyesAT He{vy AntiAircraft Batt€ry, Royal Arlillery
Rifleto the battalionHQ. CO andRadioOperatorincar.
Three3" Anti-AircraftGuns,eachwith 4 Crewanda tru€k.
MotorisedInfatrtrJ Battalion
HQ Company: CO, 5 Other Ranks, 2" Mortar, Boyes FRANCE
Anti-TankRifle, Radio,15cwtTruck.
Fourcoys.(A-D): Each10OtherRanks,Truck,BrenCarrier. TheFrencharmy,whilehardlyelite,wasundoubtedly themost
powerfulof the Allied armies,and had it been gven bet.er
Machin€gunBattalion leadersthanit was,it nay well havedonesignificantly
better
HQ Comparty;CO,5 OtherRanks,AA Bren,BoyesAT Rifle, thanturnedout io be the case.It's thereforea shameto seeit
Radio,15cwtTruck. givensuchshonshriftbywargamers.
Fourcoys.(A-D): Ea€h9 OtherRanks,3MMGS,Truck
BrigsdeAnti-Tank CompanJ Infantly
CO,7 OtherRanks,two25mmAnti-TankGuns,2 Trucks. hfantrJ R€nent
Headquarters: CO,3 ORs,Radio,Car.
Suppo( Company:8 ORs, 81mmMortar, 25mm AT Gun,
Light tumour€d Squadron Truck.
3Tanks,eitherVickersMk. VI or Light Cruisers(notmixed). PioneerCompany:8ORs,cart,2 DemolitionCharges.
Thisorganisation wasonlyusedupuntil APril1940,whenit was 3 InfantryBattalions.
superseded by themixedamoursquadlon. lnlantry Battslion
Ileavy Armoured Squadrcn Headquarters: CO,3 ORs,Radio,60mnMortar.
2 Light CruiserTanks, I Hea\y Tank.
Cruiser Threecoys. (A-C): Each10ORs.
 tatwzt s@eR pe@tua F@wn*
nfntata.w
masQwrz yolStAY#[r*u
17llilderthorpc Boad Bddliagton
Tel 0I 262 67012I |SDDC.tttotnctL6 izc posbsa EmEl FFI
oyEP2Ol,DBA.-.7t EfrtioDAr,nas.flese Ami.s $t nadeup to 3OOpoirtt
l{EwFoRMAY
l.t.ts --#-: t----
Eltty SYzltllll€,t'13- 578lD GIUSAREII0 NswEquipnenandWagons EqsilGEl
ts/BzotsrcR{. ll0 {ri&d lgweEDRAfT 0x€t{x4 ISMN t40 w&tEo !t I
€QUIP}IEIII
15/8202B0U(ElllRl0l Cftr.a) 30 ls/C00lCAtlEL CRT(ttusd
R6ls.) 140 ffi-l'/
EoulPHRlT
I5/BZO3SIRAIIOTAI C {fidhg!or) .30 tsftfil't Mf{ER
c^tr GP L4{ Wr!r, ,/
Eo{ItPit€{T
15/8204grRlt0Tt liC krord) 30 t5fw620 McrcR
0ART tSO rJ0 vr"/
ts/8205 PflotD€RrTot 30 l5/lv621C{RT
Caiv., u0
E0utPit€ilI
15/8206P|.|0|DERATO 30 lSllVEz2CART
Cair.scov8ad t.40
ESUlPfiEr{T
l5/BZ0? 60Tlt3YMMACfl0t .30 rttv[z3 llAY0ARTKP
rVtlE€B) tsMtl toutPltEilT
t.40
grAilDAO
r5/82r3 ARI{Y .30 t5fwE24 t{AYCART{SID
WUEE|9 |SMM E0Utp
E{Tt40
t5f8zl4 sIRrT0Ttic (spwttE6l$ lsititE0utpit€ilt
t5fllG04tYlvA60il 100
1518208 S(0Ur
Tl)I .t5 6fw6t0rAYrv60[(srD|vfiEEts] t5{{ €oup[$tTL00
ts/8zGl S(oUTtTot {l (sr,rdfdrield) 15/8302 BoFS 00TtR(Cerllorur)lstltlEoUlPtlEltT LN
6f8zl0 PSIIO[Slrtiflitry lltiig hr) l51030lCtilP,&gg,g.
Bfiols,fLo) lslltl EQllPiltl{I
l5/8zll PslLollghli,rfeilry {jrv,hl .t5 l5lu0 €rEP{A[T,RocLtLe6drB) lsliilEoUlPtlt[T LM
6/8A2 Xt0i lSil iif,iliy (,|iigor)
tSfBzlSsrcunT0 (iftro,r) G-'br ilfitsl u-.i4.
D.B.MReadY
MadeAruieg IEET]|U!trt l I lrtraml.l 925 S llason Fd
3lM(a EarlyByzintlnp4.13- W ad824A4s4l \"-HlI-/ \,.!if,Ii*i sutTEr42
n | \*',i.h,/ \"8"/
3l04lb EarltBvzintiaeSSI- 57Cad82430 Katy
Texas 27.t50
for llEWDBA86 Bszintire Ea55 \,,' \,,'

MG Company:12 ORs, 25nm AT Gun, 81mm Mortar, 2 SupportSquadron:12ORs,2 MMGS,one81mmMortar, one

MMCs. 25mn AT, truck.
Foursquadrons(A-D), each:8 ORs,all mounted.
Motorircd Infantry Regiment
Headquarters: CO,3 ORs,Radio,Car.
SupportConpany:15ORs,81mmMortar,3AAMMGS.25mm
ATGun, Truck,APC. CharB Company
2 CharBl orCharBl BisTanks.
Motorcy(leCompany:l2 OR.. V VG. Lighr frucl. 4 tvtolorcy-
R€naultFT17Conpany
3 MotorisedInfantryBattalions. I RenaultFI17with37mmGun,2 RenaultFl17s with MGs.
MotorisedInfantry Bzttdion Other Tank Compeny
Headquarters:CO,3 ORs,60mmMortar,Radio,Car. 3 Tanksof appropriate
type.
Threecoys.(A-C): Eacht0ORs, Truck.
lndep€ndentRcccePlatoon
Suppo( Company:12 ORs,25mn AT Gun,2 MMcs, 8lmm l Panhard178ArmouredCar.
Mortar,Truck,APC.
Machine-GunBattrlion ArtilerJ
Headquarters:
CO,2 ORs,Radio. Field Battery
SupportConpany: I ORs, two 25mn AT Guns,one 81mm CO andRadioOperator.
Mo(ar. 2 ManFOO Teamin car.
Threecoys.(A-C): Each12ORs,3MMGS,1LMG. 2 Horse-Drawn 75mmGuns,with4 Creweach.
DragonsPorteBattalion M€dium Battery
Headquarters:
CO, 5 ORs,Radio,60rnmMonar, ApC. CO andRadioOperator.
SupportSquadron:12ORs,2APCS,2MMGS,one25mn AT, 2 Man FOO Teamin car.
oneSlmmMortar. Two 105mnGuns,eachwitha truckand4Crew.
Tank Squadron:2 AMR 33or 35Tanks. Hervy Bataery
MotorcycleSquadron:8 ORs,4 mororcycle
combinations
wirh CO andRadioOperator.
vehicleMGs.
Two ManFOO Teamin car.
2Rifle Squadronseach8 ORs,1APC. Trvo155mmHowitzers,eachwith a truckand4 Crew.
(APCSwerevarioustypes,but mostcommonwasChenillette
Lorlaine.)
Ctvaby Regim€nt BELGIIM
(OK, it's notinfantry,butir doesn'tfitanywhereelseeither!) The Belgianarmy r{,ashardlythe Alies'finest, bur what the
Headquarters: CO, 3 ORs,allmounted. hell;lheyaren'tan entirelylostcaus€!Theydid havesomeh.lf
t6

|IODELS
Atlong,lotg, last!lrcn CLYDESIIE . .,
@egPea
Hllltop, G|Ed ftyon, Dornngion,$reYilbury SYs7LW.
t l, 0t 743.7186i|2

FLoflLUisde'i@enbbhEh6l@prch#MlabblapMrcwsysw
ofudE.diadae'enruhoinganagpe.ls
tN stmist' to *at69ic tevet Addtinat nrte sas and pbyzds tu *aamhg dtul
rq'-*1nqlEI-11
fff*Tij#r ffi#H#* *'ffr" " Ni.dsUsirgrEffierapfusfidbasEequpMl

ryx-",'i:E* raitbrd boe tuc,kd, trn\,

snc ' r.. u;e@ .aDMd
bbe@a4enands@edfupbya|abb|
dabdla'.p]arbrmi]nd.ges

e-.@| c44.<k M.w.d

flbeeven|u.llyca@dbylfusys@
respectableinfantry, and their 4TmmAT gun wasmore than a rhe kee baxedst @ incrats: s tatsa seM@h. tuaqdEt, *a tupMt6,
gided@lhEk4fu,dwlkfunEprasbcrps:pr4punch.n'funcobu|aful
match for German Panzers(which is more thaDcanbe said for M'eiel&sldeqccaUnEE:4pacreb0l
the British 2pdr andthe f€ebleFrench25lnm). cLYDEslDE9h6|spfu|2sldegc
rspa'sh@6Mp|fub6:2d..i4l

hfantrJ 4e airctan nps ud 1s rsn s'Jnacectzn ryFes

hf3 ry Regiment FLOTILLAGAMESYSTEM- !44.95
Headquarten:CO,3 ORs,Radio,StaffCar. ttbw.t tfthn4l)
P6la9e4dPeh2gng
ScoutPlatoon:3 Cyclists(impressive,
huh!).
I WeaponsBattalion.
3 lnJantry Battalions. W.G.GILPIN
WeeponrBattalion
ROAD,GLASGOW
7 DALBETH G328PY
Headquarters: cO,3 oRs, Radio,StaffCar. SCOTLAND
MGConpany:9 ORs,3 MMGS. bn n*.sn@CLYDES/DE:IrE A.dh ddE et* PIft.NU

Anti-Tant Company:12ORs, three 47mmAT Guns,3 Vickers

Utility Tractols.
Howitzer Company:8 ORs, two 76mmHowitzels, 2 Trucks.
Inlatrtry Battalior PLTIISHING
NSCHLUSS
Headquarters: CO,5 ORs,Radio,50mmMortar. Riverdel, Wdhen Wty, M26hm, Aylsh@, Norfolk NRl0 5PZ
Threecoys.(A-C): Each10ORs. NEW! TIVO lN O]IE MONTH!
MG Company:9ORs, 3 MMGS. H.r, i' Mi.l16r Ihe lrre n ru.e. h om tm $ ebie' de'iCned o'
brisad€. diviston- corDs- or even amv level acnons o. rhe *a4anes
Ebie Everyrhmgcovaredrnsrlsro0de\pedonlt frcn "- ^
ti- 8.45 P&P
MotorisedAT Compatry & t3t5: Quzh. Atu. Liett. & ltttrr ri_r puoh\fed in l317"nd G\ ra
.h*! *no{'no+ 'noln' fo' rhefi^ riaerhrcelruf:aCd,(dunl
Two Tl3 TankDestroyers. olhepeipi,ei.lo'irle.'nBckrurnl3l' !J0J'P&P

Armour€dSquadron
OneT13TankDestroyer,oneT15Light Tank.
ACGI Plaloon
OneACG1Tank.

Artil€ry
Arlil€ry Battalion ! l
rs srRoFrNorEroEN
CO andRadioOperator.
2 Man ObserverTeamin car.
2 Horse-Dralvn75mmField Guns,with 4 Crew each.

NAA)I Ft'NICARI\I\ A UNI}'OR[I'iI IDES

USEFT]LADDRESSES
Raventhorye Miniatures, 2 Bygot Lane, Cherry Bunon,
Beverley,North HumbersideHU17 7RN.
Old Glory, Institute House, New Kyo, Stantey, County
DurhamDH97TJ.
Sk'lrex Limited,28 Brook Strcet, wymeswold, l-ough-
borough, Iricestershire.
Trux Models,156High Street,Yeadon,L€edsLSl97AB.
Societyof 20thCenturyWargamers,Mark Wheeler,Treasurer,
25Buttermere,white Court,BlackNotley,EssexCM7 8UY.

ACE & PACKING wortu-q

 37

THEBATTTEOFANTIETAM
A Scenadofor VofleryandBayonetRstes
by Mark Dudley
Volley and Bayonetarc a new set of rules producedby GDW those who prefer big battalions and tactical gamestheserutes
which haverecentlygoneon salein the UK. The rulesare grand will not appeal, but for those who like refighting large battles
tactical and ideal for new gamercand hardenedptos who want andgamesin a vari€ty of different periodstheserules are worth
to play large battles in a reasonablerime. An hour on the considering.They have already been acceptedby the group of
battlefieldcanbe playedin halfanhouron thewargame table.I playersI regularlygamewith. We found the Napoleonicperiod
purchasedthe rules at the York Show and have used them, particularly inspiring and I feel we have found a set that realty
together with a number of the included scenarios,with the a owsusto play tfte big game.Somuchso rhat we arc currently
groupof gamerswho meetregularlyat my house.We haveso ptaDningto refight the whole of Leipzig in 25mm using rhese
far fought L-obositz,Marengo, St Privar and Austerlitz. All rul€sand I hope to provide a scenariofor this in a future anicle.
s{enarioscoverfull ordersof battle. The AusterliE eameended The battle of Antieiam is for me the most interestine of all
in a Frenchvic1oryaJrer5 hoursgaming andin!olve-d8 players. ACw battlesaDdindeedwasthe mosrbtoodysiDgedatin US
V+ B is a genericsetof rules for the hoNe andmusketperiod history. I haverefought the battle usingaire andFrry rules and
covering1700to 1890.The basicrule mechanisms are fairlv thereforethoughtthis would be a goodscenariofor this article. I
simpleto use.buLincludeall rheareasonewouldexpectfromi will not go into the history of the campaignor battle asthere are
more complex set of rules. The rules cover command. manypublications whi€hadequately coverthis.The gamecan
movement,momle, melee and fire combat, te[ain and b€ played in sevenhours and can accommodateup to eight
divisional exhaustion.The division exhausrionrule is imDor- players.It hasbeenplay testedandprcved a closerun thing with
laDr: rt simulatesthe eftect ot increasingcasualtiesupon d the ConfederatesoDly staving off defeat iD the last tum. For
division's ability to closeto meleeand the lossof orsanisation. thosewho feel that they could do better than Mclellan here is
Tte basicrulesaretairlyquicklo masrerandoncea tew poinrs yourchance,but be warned,it is not aseasyasitlooksl
are understood can be playedfrom lhe singlepagequickptay
sheet.Supplementaryrules are provided for the periods of the
Ancien Regimes(1700to 1780's),when armiesusedlinear
THE ROSTERSIIEET
formations, the Napoleonic Wars and the early modem wan
(Crimean War, ACW and Franco-PrussianWar). These UNIONARMY OT THf, POTOMAC
additional rules are simple and reflec! the specific period to D6tnltion Monl. Srr.qth Sr.eqri
which they relate. In respecrof the Franco-PrussianWar, rules
Lo$
coverthe Chassepot,utrits firing prone andmachineguns.Fine I
tudng is provided by scenariospecificrules for suchthings as
whethercavalrycan fight dismountedor wherherparticular lsl corys Hmrc. {mmmanding)j)
units are consideredshocktroops. lsr Divhion Doubleday(connddinel
The rule mechanismsare truly generic.The figure andground E*aunion Lelel- 5
scalesare common for all periods and scales.The movement 4 Wainwrighr s Biigade 3 qotr
ratesare definedby the type of unit and not the period.For 3 000
examplea brigademoves16inchesandan artillery battalion 12 6 Gibbonrahelp s Briglde r ooo
inches.Basingof figuresis simplicity itself. A three inch square 2 q q
base, for instance,rcpresents an infantry or cavalry brigade 2 0 0
regardlessof the number or scaleof the figures attached.[t is 9 2ndDivisiontucketrs (connddine)
because a brigadeis represented by a singlestandthatthelarger Exhau$ionLevel= 3
battlescanbe foughtin reasonable time andspace.Casuatties 10 Duryeas /Chnxian\Brigade 5 3 000
are rcmoved by marking boxeson army roster sheetsand only II HansuifsBngade 5 r Boo
12 Dnisronal Anillcry 5 2 0 D
when a bdgade is completely eliminared is it removed from
play. A brigade can nomally sustain between four and six ll lrd DivGionMeade(comddine)
casualtypointswith eachpoint representing 500 men or six Exhausrion Ln.l = 3
guns. The ground scaleis I inch : 100yds. For Napoleonic 14 Seymou'" ragiho.sBngade 5 r ooo
15 Andeens Irigade 5 l ooQ
Eames we Ufed Grund Manner based figurestacked do$n on to 16 DMsionalAniltery
V+B cardboardbaseswith doublesidedtape. A brigadeof 5 2 E l E |
17 DivisionalAnillery 5 2 0 E |
Austrianswasrepresentedby eighr 25mn figuresand a cavalry
brigadeby three 25mm figures. For the Antietam gamein this 13 2ndcorps Sumn.r(commanding)
article we used between four and six Fi.e dnd Frre basesof
15mmACW troops. 19 lsr Divisiontuch&dso!(o66&dins)
Sohow do they play? Well, the very natureandconceptof the 2 0 Caldvell\ Bngade
ruleswill comeasa shock,evento thosewho useFile ard lary, 5 4 oElQo
2l Meaghd! Brjgade 6 2 0 Q
with longmovedistances andeachunit represented by onlyone 22 Brookes Brieade 5 4 E|oc|f
stand.But thenyou will be commanding a Corps,consisting of 23 DivisionalAnillery 5 2 g o
many brigades,and not a couple of battalions.The gamepla's
quicklyand thereis ltttle needlor a dedicatedumpireas mosl 24 2ndDvisionSedBewick (coFmanding)
game situations can be easily resolved by the players them- 25 Gomans/Howard\ Bisade
5 3 000
selves.The rules and supplemetts work well and capture the DamsBn8ade 5 r ooQ
flavour of the periods. The one element that might pur some 2 1 DMsionalAnillery 5 2 D O
peopleoff is the scaleof engagements and sizeof units. For
l8
rrd DivisionFrench(commddins) es$!DE84E_-48!AqrSErEEar-YtBG$IA
5 l ooo unir DesEnrtion Modl. Srr.neth Sftngth
oooo No lr$
trooo r
t2 5 3 ooo
2 r Corps Lon$rF.t (commoding)

l2th Corpt Mmsfi.ld (commandins) l I srDivisionMckw (commanding)

l4 I n Dvision Willids (commandinS) 5 2 E l o

5 5 2 0 f )
35 ooo 6 2 c | E |
5 l ooo 7 2 0 c |
t OEI 8 5 3 BOtr
t3 oo
9 2ndDivisior And.uon (conmandins)
2nd DivisionCr€ene(command'.g)
walke/s /Amjsr€d s Bngide 2 E l o
40 TyndaleJstainbrooks Bigade 5 ooo ll Mahone's/P'rcls Brielde 2 Q g
41 Coodrich! BnSad€ 5 l ooo t2 2 0 0
42 DivisionalAnillery 5 l OOO 1l 2 E l o
2 E l o
43 6rh corpr Fnrtli! (coMding)
3rd DivisionD R lones(conndding)
44 lsr DMsio. sloom (@mmddi.g)
l6 2 0 0
qooo i Dnylor's nickl\ Brigade 2 Eio
oooo l8 Je.kin's/Ander$. s Bngade 2 Q q
OOOO 19 2 E l o
43 5 3 OOO 20 2 E l o

2nd Divisionsniih (comandi.g) 2l lrd DivisionWalkerlcommand'ng)

Exhaulion lsel = 5
qoo 3 qotr
4 oooo
otro 2 o E l
ooo
25 4rh DivisionHood (commddi.S)

26 Worfords /E!an3 Bn8lde r floo

5a 9rn Corps Brmsid. (commuding) r ooo
2A 5 2 E l o
55 ls Divisionwilcox (conmand'ls) 2 E l o
Exhau$ion Level= l
5 l ooo ro 2th Corps J.ckon (comnandingj
5 l ootr
tro ir ln DMeonEwell(conmndins)

59 2rd DivisionSturs,s(conmddins) 32 LaMon E Trimbles Briead€ 3 ElElo

3l 5 r ooo
ootro !4 2 c l c |
ooo 35 5 2 E l o
5 2 oo
l6 2ndDivisionAP Hill (c666andins)
lid DivisionRodnd (comandins)
5 2 E l E l
5 l BOO 33
5 Z oo 39 Creeg's/Penders Bngade 5 2 Q O
5 2 oo 40 s 2 E l E |
5 2 c | E l
a$ DivisionKam*ho (commddins)

5 2 oo lrd DivisionJ RJones(conrondmg)

5 l atoo
5 1 oo Windeds/ Joness Arigade 2 Elo
5 2 E l o
2 E | q
5 l ooo
71 n (commandr
Cav Dilision Pleasomo ne)
4rh Divkio. D H Hill {connanding)
'12 co
WhitingsFdswonh s Brigade
co l ooo
oo 2 O E l
o 50 I OOO
ooo 5t 2 c l o
11 oqo r oQo
2 E l g
 39
TABLETOP GAMES WARGAMf,SRULESFROMTTG
29 BERESFORDAVENUE.SKEGNESS, NAMLEONIC & I8Ih CENTURY
MODERN PERIOD
LINCOLNSHIRE.
PE253JF. ChallflEc. ?)i)0 rulcs
sdnd of lhc cu.s III f1.95
!.1.50
Pdaee R.ts UR liJ%(Min 30pJ Equipnc Handbmt (P.d l) f,1.5O
(tnss r5%(surficcJ60%(An)
Dig6r J (EDroFan Liss) 12.95 200 Ym l5mm rulet
Crdir Crd OrdeB: 1075.11
767??9 13.95
Moden AircEfi Hmdbmk €3.50
SENDS,AE.OR NEW Badlcb.B(S-€mn6) f2.95 Acrion (JnricrSail .trh Ed. 43.95
CoAs Command.r t1.25 Mid l&n Gntury dles t1.25
W.R.GRULES& BOOKS An & S.! (Ai'Aaval lddi'g l3rh Ccnory Amy Ltsa a1.95
MAIL ORDERONLY 016 for $o!e f3.25
FirfiCh. (Skimishj 13.95 cnca 1863ruLs !2.50
Body.ount (Viebam Skimish) f3.25
MODERNEQUI PobaDb (Mod Sub C.nbaq f3.75 rhe Wesr (Gunfght i6.15
HANDBOOK ANCIENT PERTOD Thc Rdtrn (for .bovc) 12.50
SIEGE (Ar. & Mcd Sieget f3.75
PART ONE ? YEARS WAR GUIDI]S
Revi:cd l,trlcm E4uip.renr Hmdhmk Shek of Inpa.t dtcs !3.95
Pan Onc coves: ShGk or Idprcr LGb !2.95 Nor Il,. Brirish !3.50
Tants. Tril D€shys\ s*oi & shield (stimish) I:,95 No2 Thc Fan.h 43.50
Arc\ Rce
Rudis (Gladiarm & cnario6) 12.50 No3 Thc atrsrians 13.50
Vehicles and ATCws
Ar wcn d lh. tuins syncn for MEDIEVAI,PERIOD No{ Thcftrsifls !3 95
Challentcr 2000 !.d $m. rutc mods No5 Thc Sw.&s t3.25
o cover ne* c'rr'PD.nr f3.99 No6 TheHrtuve.ims f1.50
RENAISSANCEPERIOD No? TheSarons f3.25
14.50 13,9
A.C,W. BATTLE GUIDES12.95@
CHALLENGER 2{XIO Revis€d1950-:0rlj Rut.r ssord & Pisbl (stjmish)
G.lltsbu.g Saod Bu Run
W.R.G.BOOKS
Ston.s Riv.r Anlklrm
Fircfly (tB(jorfi $atc) [.{.25 Firsl BulI Run Wikon Cret
ClmbinedAms (17500 Sc.le)!3.50 C€d0 Mount in Frd.ricksburg
RevisedDBA Rules WWII Lists& Oryarisattors !-r.21
f2.95 WWII Banlebnes(Sceraios) !3.95
{12.50 TacricalComftmder(Skidt 13.25
KorDsConmander(Div Sc.lc) tJ.- VO FLAGS
IN THE GRAND Trcnch(WWI Tench Warrarr t2.50 The full n 8c of Relo Fbgs
Kde,bosh (wwt stdmish) f3.75
MANNER '/.50
t9 95 Dogigll over Flandm (An) f3.5O
ano i rasrers aho sleked
25mmNapoleonic
rules COT,oNIAL
WE NOW STOCKH & ROS S€rdS.a.E. (2 IRCa)fd a copy
f7.50 W'WIITANKS& EQUIPMENT
€2.50
83.15 q NEW 1995CATALOCUE
Psy Was 0ndian Fiehdn!)

S O U T H E A S T L O N D O N W A R G A M E S G B O U P

strDw
PRESENT

THE PREMIEB OPEN DAY FOR THE SOUTH EAST.

S U N D A Y1 s t h . O C T O B E R- 1 0 a . m . t o 5 p . m .
AT
C R Y S T A LP A L A C E
N A T I O N A LS P O R T SC E N T R E ,
ANEBLEYHILL,LONDON,
S.E.19.
48 iradersand30 gameson show,
pluslhe famousSELWGBring& Buy,
PainiingCompetilion witht6 ctasses,
Painters/ t\,4odetters
Problems Ctinic,
BarandAuflet,
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40

D.tigntrion

5 2 l o
56
5 2 E l E
53 5 2 o c

Ca! Div J E B stuan(command'ns)

5 l aoo
5 l ooo
62 5 3 ooa
5 2 !o

SCENARIORTILES DEPLOYMENTA1\'DACTIVATION TIMES

All fomed infantry is representedby brigadestands.In some
casesthe Confederate and Union standsrepresentcombined IJNION
brigadesashistorically manyof them were under strengtn Unit D€signation Tine Location
All artillery is treated asdfled. Doubleday'sDivision 6.00am
No cavalrynay fight dismounted. Meade'sDivision 6.00am squareF-2
Most units sta( the gamedeactivated.Theseunits are activated Rickeut Division 6.00am squareF-2
at the time specifiedin the deploymentrulesor when6red upon Greene'sDivision 7.00am entrypointB
by enemytroopsat closerange. Williams'sDivision 7.00am entrypointB
No units start the gamestationary and may only go stationary Sedgewick'sDivision 8.00am squareE-5
French'sDivision 8.00an entry point D
Richardson'sDivision 9.00am entrypointD
Sturgis'sDivision 10.00am entry point E
TERRAIN Kanawha'sDivision 11.00am squareB-5
Tbe gametable measuressix feet by four foot six inches. Smith'sDivision 11.00am entrypointC
Atthough the Antietarn Creek was fordable along its length Slocum\ Division 11.00am entrypointC
the Union commandersfailed to exploit this. Therefore for this Pleasonton\Division 12.00arn squareD-5
scenariothe river may be crossedonly at the recognisedfords or Wilcox'sDivision 12.00aln squareB-5
bridges. The fords in square A_3 may only be crossedfrom Rodman'sDivision 1.00pm entrypointF
1.00Drnonwards.This reflectsthe time taken for the Union
forc€sto locatethe fords. Units in the sunkenroad are tteatedas CONFEDERATE
defending defensiv€works when attacked between points X Time Locaaion
Unit Designation
andY. 6.00am squareE-2
J.R.Jones's Division
Ewell'sDivision 6.00am squareE-2
Hood'sDivision 7.00am squareD-2
GAMELENGTH D.H. Hill'sDivision 8.00am squareD-2
The battle startswith the Union 6.00amtum and endswith the andD-3
Confederate 5.00pmturn.A totalof 12tums. Mcl-aws'Division 8.00am squareC-1
Walker'sDivision 9.00am squar€A-2
AndeIson'sDivision 9.00am squareB-1
!'ICTORY CON'DITIONS Stuart\ CavalryDivision 9.00am squareF-1
The Union achieve a decisive win if they control the road Robertson's Brigade 9.00am squareA'2
leading {ron map referenceB-l thus cutting the Confederat€ D.R. JoneshDivision 10.00am squareB-2
line of reteat. The Union achievea tactical victory by bolding andC-2
two of tbe following key objectives:Sharysbur8,Cenetery Hill ReserveAnillery 6.00am squareB-1
or the Piper Farm. Any other result is a tacti€al Confederate (1 artillery unit per tum) ro9.00
A.P. Hill's Division 3.00pm entrypointC

Opposite: Top: ,4CW acton tom the recentPaftizan show ctl

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Belov/ Fnnco-Prussian War troops from the collection of
Mike Smith Retfotd waryamerMike Johnson.
wigton,cumbria
ToddClose,Curthwaite,
Tel:0228711388
MILITARY BOOKS
Bought and Sold Send sae for catalogue
12

.AMOST
VIIIAINOUS.LOOKING
CAVAI,CADE'
TheAfghaaRegularArmytn the 19thCentury
Part2: Unlforrns
By lqn Heoth

Thoughsomecontemporaries believedthat the introductionof TI{E PLATES

uniforms into the Afghan army only began after the Filst
Afghan War, they were aheady in limited useat least 30 years The figurespotuayed in this sectionare only a small, but
earlierand beganto be adoptedon a largerscaleunder the hopefully representative,selection of the numerousuniform
influenceofforeigninstructors hiredduringthe1830s. Frcn the variantsto be foundincontemporary sources.
outsettheseuniformsreflectedBritishinfluence(Elphinstone l. Infentryman 1857
describedAfghan infantry he saw in 1809 as 'dressedin This figure is reconstructedfrom descriptionsgiven by He y
imitationof our sepoyd),andthisremainedthe casethroughout Bellew,who sawseveralinfantryregiments at Kandahar,each
most of the century,even after Russianinfluenceiflcreased distinctivelyattired in a mixture of British cast-offsand
duringthe 1880s. locally'madecopies.6one wore red jackets,and anothera
By the nid-19thCenturythe adoptionof Westemuniforms 'drab-coloured uniform of European pattem', whil€ a third
q'aswell under way. The majodty were initially in the form of seemsto havehad a different uniform for each€ompany one
condemnedand surplus British Arny storespurchasedby the companywore bluejackets,blacktrousersand rvhiteforage_
funir's agentsin Peshawar andotherIndianfrontlinestations, caps,with white cross-belts so dirty they werealmostbrown;
but by th€ late'1850snativecopieswere aho beingmadein another wore red jackets, white trousen, cross-beltsand
Kabul.Sometime after 1869SherAli fornally established his 'old-fashioned shakos':a third was 'clothedin a uniform of
own'Army ClothingDepartment',whichHensmanrecordsas drab-coloured cloththroughouf.
tuming out 'imitation Highland and Rifle costunes,or old Bellewseveraltimesmentionsthe Afghans'preferencefor
Pandyuniformsby the hundred',includingtunics,trousers, red uniforms,statingthat'the red coat is held in the highest
kilts, gaitesand even helmets,'all neatly made',as well as estinationby theAfghanrulen, andis equallydreadedby their
pou€h-belts, bayonet-flogsand so on made 'on the English subjects',and claimingthat in everyexpeditionthe army was
pattem"' 'alwaysfumishedwithacontingent. . . dressedin redcoatsand
The period from the 1850sthrough to the end of the Second shakos'becauseof the moraleeffe€tthey had on the enemy.
Ajghan War seemsto have witnessedthe almost universal The CentralAsiantravellerVarnb6ry,at Heratshortlyafterits
introductionof uniformsthroughoutthe Afghan army. The captureby Dost Mohamnedin 1863,alsomentionsthat the
subsequent declinein their useunderAbdur Rahmanduring AIghan sold'ers lalourile garmenlis lhe-red Englishcoat.
the 1880sdoubdessresultedfrom a changein policywhereby fromwhich.evenin sleep. hewill notpan .'
soldienhadto buytheirown,whereas underDostMohanmed Bellew, Vamb€ry and, in 1872,Marsh'all mention the
andSherAli unifornshadbeenissuedby theState(theoretical- shortnessof Afghan infantrymen's trousers. 'The cut of these
ty once every two yeart and the cost deducted ftom the seemedto be regulatedon principlesof the strictesteconomy,'
soldiers'pay.' Headwear,belt and ammunitionpou€hes were observed Bellew,'for theywere,in eachinstance,somefour or
the only itemsofficiallyissuedthereafter (without his military five inchestoo short, and were securedbelow the foot by long
belt'a soldierwaslookeduponasa civilian'),andthe everyday and conspicuous strapsof white cloth, to preventtheir being
dressof sotdiersb€camevariedto saythe least,a full uniform drawntoo highup theleg.'Vamb6rymentionsthattheAfghans
beingprovidedby the Stateonly in wartime.3However,even he saw'mighthavebeenmistakenfor Europeantroops,if most
when full uniforms had been issued with relative regularity ofthem hadnot hadonrheirbarefeetthepointedKabulishoe,
underDost Mohammedand SherAli, the effectwasnot all it and had not had their short trousersso tightlystretchedthat
mighthavebeen,H-8. Lumsdenobservingin 1857thattheuse they threatenedeverymomentto burst and fly up abovethe
of wom-out and itl-fitting British cast-ofh gave Afghan knee.'Marshsimplysaysthat'theirtrousersweretoo shon,but
regiments a 'veryslovenly'appearance.o wellstraDDed down'.
In additionsoldiersdidnl alwayswear their full uniform Be ethso describes the uniformof a regimentalbandseen
an,ryay, in particular often discardingEuropean-styletrousers at Kalat-i-Ghilzai,consistingof 'dirty yellowtrousers,with a
in favour of native tor?rborr at the Battle of Charasiabin 1879. broad stripe of bright green down the legs,and drunmen'
for instance, infantrymen are described as being only 'half- jacketsandshakos.Theylookedmorelikeatroopof harlequins
dressed in uniform',wearingtheir uniformjacketsbut flot the thanmilitarynusicians'.
trousers,which also appearsto havebeenthe casewith at least
someof the troopsdefendingAli Musjid in November1878i 2. Herati Infantrymrn 186{)
evenAbdur Rahmantlaterattemptstostopmenwearingtheir In addition to the central Government in Kabul, the virtually
own 'ugly trousels' by fining thern up to six monthj pay autonomousrulers of provincessuch as Herat and Balkh had
apparentlyhadlittle effect.Norwerejust trousersabandoned, uniformed.Westemised armiesof their o$1l- indeed,that of
Hensmanstating that Afghan repo}J he sawin July 1880were Balkh was influential in Dost Mohammed'sdecisionto
only recognisable as such from the fact that they wore modemise his own army and the civil war of 1864-69sal'
'cross-belts, pouchesand bayone.s',while in 1878a Russian uniformedtroopson both sides,astoo did the fighting for Herat
offi€er, Grodekoff, mentioned that his AJghancavalry escort in 1863,whenDost Mohammedcapturedthe town. Vamb6ry
'donned thei red uniforms and dress caps' only when
describes Dost'sown regulanseenat Herat that yearas still
approaching Heratat the endof the march.' wearingshakos,but thesewere droppedin favour of the Herati
beehive-shapedhat - wom by uDiformed Herati rcgulars by
1837at the latest - very soon afterwards.This washencefo(h
 the preferredh€adwear ofthe Afghanrnilitaryuntil the 1880s, facings'(oneof the mutinousregimentsin Kabul in 1879also
and could be of lanbskin or felt- thoush rhe native hat from *ore black). Head-dressconsistedof either a turban or a striped
whichit wascopied,aswornby suchloct tribesastheJamshidi cotton 'helmet',describedas low, with a peak comingdown
and Hazara,was invariablythe fomer. Usually they were closeoverthe eyesandresembling a Bashkirt berafta,with'a
black, grey or brown, but sometimesappear to have been small bunch of featherson the top'. Yate describessuch hats
coloured.Yatedescribes thosehe sawbeingwom by troopsin seenat Mazar'i-Sharif in 1886(wheretheywerebeingwom by
1886as like sma[, brown felt beehives,sometimeshavina'a both cavalry and infanrry) as 'imitation Russiancaps of di(y
smallrassel ar rhetopanda blackbandroundrhebo om,;lb blackcloth,witha redbandanda hugepeak,generalywrongly
nowandthena rosetteon oneside'.e put on;andthecap,beingwomwellpulleddownoverthehead,
A Rus(ian work. the Militaty StatisticalCompendium lookedmorelike a shapeless nightcapthananythingelse.
(1808).' providesderailsof rhedressof Heratiintanlryat lhe Other references to infantry uniform coloun during the
endof 1860as 'a bdghrbluecoatspunfrom somelight cotton period 1878-80 €anbe found scatteredthroughcontemporary
materialandcut in the EnglishsMe with long skirts,stand,up Britishaccountsofthe SecondAfghanWar. R. corden Crced,
collar, and metal buttons;pantaloonsalso of some cotton for instance,sawat Gandamaka company'dressedin khaki
matedal, tight and very sho( with stripeslsic - straps?]. with blackfacings,andsmallblackcaps',r' whileA)ub Kian's
Footcoveringsare slippersworn over the nakedfoot. Head, regularsat Maiwand are desoibed by an officer of the 66th as
dresson serviceis the cone-shaped Persianhat; in quartersthe havingbeen dressed'in red and blue'.lr Ashe recordstwo
red pointedskull-capfor old soldiers,yellowditrofor recruits. prisonerstaken in July 1880wearing'the raggedremainsof
There is no differencein the uniform. &c. of the several what was once a picturesque and workmanlike uniform
regiments.'Hesaysthatarmamenr comprised flintlockmusket, consistingof dark purple turban, grey tunic, and well-wom
tulwat and ^ 12"-78"knite (rhe kniJe remaining a popular if knickerbockerJ,''whileat the Battle of Kandaharin Sept€m-
unofficial - weaponamongstAfghan infantrymenfor the restof ber Howard Hensmansaw some soldie$ wearins 'dark-
the century)- cotoured,ackets.and turbanssurmountedby smaf yeuow
3. Kabuli Infantrynan 1872 pomporr, suchaswercwom longagoin Europeanarmiej, and
Both Marsh and Bellewtr record detailsof Afghan garrison othen'cladin khaki'who,sincetheywerealmostmistakenfor
troopsseenin Kandaharin1872,the mostinteresting of *hom Indianinfantry,presumably alsoworeturbans(theuseof which
werea Kabuliregimentwearing'atightjacketandtrousers,cut steadily increasedfrom this time on).ts Shoulder-straps,
on the old Englishpattem', which were madefrom a local incidentally,at least sometimes '2'
bore a regimentalnumber,
'3' being seenon the
stripedwoollencloth describedas resembling bed-ticking(for Duke recordingthe numbers a
thosetoo youngto rememberit, Englishbed-ticking- ie. the shoulders of Afghancasualties at CharasiabinOctober1879.16
materialonceusedformattresses andpillows-wastraditionally 'HighlandGuard' 1879
off-white, in fact alrnostblue-grey,with narrow dark-blue 5.
stripes).Cross'beltsand pou€h€swere brown leather,while The bestdescription ofthe uniformwom by thisunusualunitis
their headdress to be found in TheG nphic ol 26n 11879, whichsaystheywere
wasa conical,quiltedred &.dai with a tuft of 'dressed
redor scarletwoolfixedto rh€point,Marshconsideingthatthe in a dark green tunic, cut after preciselythe same
fashionasour own Scotchcontingent,with a longskirt of the
absence of turbansgavetheir shavedheads'a very bare,cold
appearanc€'. Macgregor tartanreachingbelowthe knee;beneaththiswhite
Ofthe two otherregimenrs Bellewsaw,onewore
jackets draw€rs, gaiters,and nativeshoes.Their headdressis a felt
red andtheother(a Kandahariunir)'a uniformofdingy
yellowcolour',perhapsindicatinga form ofkhaki. helmet,of no prettypattern,coveredwith drabkld&dt.l? All
Theshavenheadwascharacteristic the menshavetheir chins,wear shortmutton,chopwhiskers.
ofthe MoslemAJshansat
rhrsdare.Sha\ingoft rhe beard.however.alongiith the andmoustache. Norein particular thatlheir tunicsare here
desoibed as green,not red asmighthavebeenexpected(and,
wearingof side-whiskers and often a moustachetoo, were
imitationsof Britishpractice.Lumsdenin 1857considered indeed, as they are po rayed in two volumesof Osprey's
that 'Men-at-Arms'
'in
shavingoff the beardwas order to render the recosnitionof a series,one ofwhich - apparentlydrawingon a
desenermoreprobable.' contemporary source stat€sin addition that their facingswere
yellow)."This maybeexplainedby therebeingmorethanone
4. Infantrynan t878 suchunit, the 'Highlandcuard' beingoneof the threeArdali
TravellingthroughAfghanTurkesranjust aswar wasaboutto regiments. Mitford, however,givesquitedifferentdressfor rhe
break out with Bdtain, crodekoffs descdptionsof the latter,€ategorically statingthat a darkbrownuniforn \yith red
unifoms he saw are particularly valuable. At Mazar-i-Sharif facings,and nol a kilt,'conclusively proved'a soldier's
guardsmefl at the Govemor'sresidence wereseenwearinared connection with the 'Orderly'regiments.
Lunicswirh )eUow facings.collars and cuffs. shire c6rron Though variouslydescribedby contemporaries as being
'knee-breeches' (indicatingeither short trousenlike thoseof Mackenzieor Macgregortartan, the pattem of the kilt was
platesl and2,orelsenativetrousert,'shoesbut no stockings', apparentlynot really tartan at all, two Scots officers at
anda felt helmetwith a metalsiar on the ftont. doubdessthe Gandamakin 1879,after arguingthe point heatedlyfor some
nativecopyoflheBritish helmerreferredto underplates5and time,eventually agreeingtodescribe it as'RobRoy'.Nor wasit
8. Behsworn round rhe waistand over one shoulder,borh necessarily evena kilt; Yate descdbesit in 1885as simply'a
suppoffngammunitionpouches, wereofwhite leather. pieceof checkedclothin red andbluesquares' worn roundthe
The ganison at Maimana seemsto have particularly struck waist 'like a towel', while somewhatlater Frank Madn
Grodekoff,sincehe observes that'a grearersetof guys[in the describesthe 'kilts' worn by a bagpipe band he saw as
mid-lgth Centurydictionarysenseof 'personsof grotesque 'represenled byacheckprintshirt,whichhangsbelowthetunic
looksor dress'lthanthe infantymenwould havebeendifficult to andoutsidethe trousers'.Norwasthe checkpatte alwaysthe
havefoundin anyEuropeanpantomime.Their uniformswere same,GordonCreedrecordingthat the kilts of guardsnenhe
madeup of sucha medleyofcoloun andshapes,andsatupon saw at Gandamakwere 'made of different colours'.while
themsobadly,tharit wasimpossible not ro laughatthem.'He photographs showthatsomedidr't havea checkpatternat all.
recordstheuniformscomingin variouscolours- redwith yellow Afghan infantry helmets, invariably describedas made of
'trimmingJ;blue with
red or raspberrycollaE and cuffsiand felt, rverelessrefinedin appearance thanthe Britishonesfrom
black'withwhitecuffs,whitecollafs,whitebuttons,andwhite which they were copied- Yate descdbesone he saw as
 Fisuresarc2smmwarsan,aiFotndry.
Ne,tmonth.,The
X:*y"?:;ffi:fyffii@bytheperryturiL'at,panizan,tostyeat.
'mushroom-shaped
(seealsothedes(Tiptioos giveounderplate shirts, loos€ native fousers, assortedwoollen iackets. and
9)- tho"eh. as we saw in Grodekoffs accoim aoove,some. nlrbanswnpped round t //ar8.
likev,ise had a metal badge on the fronr. On at Ieast one " Lumsdenand Elsmie 1899.
occasionhelmetsare recordedbeingwom over a turban. 5 N.Gmdekoff, rranslated
by Charles Marvin Cotor€t
6. Artilerlrntu 187&85 Grodekoffs RideJron Samarcandto Herut, 18fi0.
As early as 1857Lumsden statesthar Afghan gunners were 6 H.W. Bellew Joumal ol a Pondcat Missionto Alghtnistan in
'clothed in our
old anillery uniforms', and i-n1g7t the menof a ?1857,1862.
mountaro-batrery acconpaDyingYakub Khan are recorded ' Arminius Vamb€ry Travebin CentralAsia,1864.
wearingblue unilormsand brasshelmets.Mirford describes HippisfeyCutrliffe Ma$h A Ridc'Ihrou+h lslam. t877.
".-C.E. y areNo.tham Af*hanistan,
artillerym€n's helmets- abandonedalong the Atghan line of 18f,8.
-
retrealaftertheBattleofCharasiab-asbeingwe;ade,.with Quored in L.N. Soboleffs The Anglo-Al+han Struggle
plated mounts atrd a rcd horsehair plume, ihe plate in front (ranslatedby W.E. Gowan),1885.
"
bearingtbreeguDs anda Persian inscription.Afte; rheBanleof " H.\N Bellew Frcm theInAts to the Tigtis, 7874.
PeiwarKotal in December1878J.A.S. C-otquhoun simitarty Wilian Trousdale(Editot\ The Go on Creedsin Afghanis-
recordsthat in the AJghananitterycamp.rhegunnenhadleft tan 1839and 1878-79,198.4.
"
theu srlver-mounled brassbelmetsand foragecaps..rowhile Quoted in J. Percy crcves The 6th Be*shire Re*imetu,
Robertsonmetrrions rbar.blactforage-caps. 1887.
;ith r;d rufts.Iay ra
sFewedabour in all direcrions.r Tbe main sourcefor this Waller Ashe PerrordlR ecods of theKandaharCampaignby
figuirleis a picrure in the /lrrrrdted London Newsol76t5/1885. qfrcen EneagedThercin, 1881.
"
The sboulder-srrap anangementseclrringthe sword.scabbard Distirguishing iiieDd from foe was inevitably a problem
mayonlyhaveb€en iDrroduced in the l880s. whereonesidehadgoneout of its way to imitate the dressof the
other, and numerous similiar incidents can be found. l,ord
Roberts, for example, describes how at Peiwar Kotal in
NOTES December1878AIghan infantry were .dressedso exactly like
t Howard Hensmatr som€of our own Native soldiersthar they were not recognised
ltc,4/8 han Wat ol I8n-80, 188t. u,ntilthey got within 100yards.' Seealsoplate 8.
' liourcesof the
1870sand laterrefer to lhe deducrionof otre '" JoshuaDuke Recollectionr
month-spay per annumfor clothing.H.B. Lumsdenin 1857, of the Kabul Campaign, 1879&
J880,1883.
bowever.metrbons.rwo months'deduction amually.(peterS. '' R.C.W. w111er617, 6o ubuf wih th? Cavotr\ Bngad., t88t)
LumsdeD_and ceorge R. ElsmieLunLedd ol th" Guid;. L8g). describesguardsmeo
'M.A. Babakhodjayev.Afghanisran's h€ saw itr Kabul in Oclober t879 as
Armed Forces and wearingblack helmets,and other sourcesmention them beins
Amir Abdul Rahmans Mititary Reform //grrrirrn )OflI, whire.
r9lu. An eye-wittress confirmstbat their clotheswere .of aoy 13Robert Wilkinson-Latham
sort and pa em as the wearermay desireor his pune can North-West Ftontier 1837-1947.
t971.
afford. Somebaveold Engjsh army or railwaycoars;othem re
J.A.S. Colquhoun With the Kunam Field.Force, 187&79,
havecoatso[ variouscoloursand materiaiswhicb bavebeen
1881.
made in the bazaar.' (Frank A. l,?trnn lJndet the Absolute T
Charlescray Rob€rtsotr Kurum, Kabul and Kandahar,1881-
,4nri, 19{}7.)Witb the excepriotr of guardsmeD. phorographs
daltugto the 1890sgeneralyshow Alghan sotdterswiaring CONTIIYUES
I{EXT MONTH . .
i r s e i o s e i l s e i o s ai i
t t l
ELEPIIANTS i SCYTHED i KNIGIITS i LT HORSE
ptnc.k FRoN\tult< i CHARIOTS
AVOID i Desrroyed
wirh i AVOID i AVOID

Lt Horse.
i iigiiI iffl#*l;ni
,,?,";t,o^Tfi,"
Anillery i ^-^3"."^""-Y-.^_ i
^''.1:':
I Ir r.I^..A I
i
ilflffi-
MOUnted
... ...
i i i - BEST- AGAINST
- i -
Bad
"
Going " i '
war wagons
6 i
I gesf ACAINST i Knishts,
Blades i i i
i r,rorrnre.rr
warrranai Auxilia,
warband i BESTAGAINST i BESTAGAINST i
i ,. . ii Snerr(
rpcars.pikes - !i v^,,.r.,r
i Kni8hls Ii Psiloi. Elephants i
------------------------------.1 i
i osn i osa i osA, i rse iI
W A R B A N D | B O W S i S P E A R S | C A M E L R Y
6r ir DOUBLEror*r | | 6. !h DOUBLEuztu

AVOID
fvolP i with
contact i i AvoID
tl:ll:1.:.:gr^f i Mounred i i ouoco,ng
ScythedChariots i I
4vqlD
Kniohr(
Bad
coins scvthed
chariors ggsr
i
i nesr-^';;.'"'
|
ecatNsr i
Warband
warband ii DEJ r' /r\J1ul\J
ooor^tt I i
i Mounted
i BESTAGAINST i i Budcoine i i
i Blades i i i Bows'Psiloi i
i s-",.c
JP!o'J,
pir.Fc
"^!J ii i i I
i i i I
--------------------.1

i l s e i r s e i o e e l l s e I
i
j

AI,XILIA PIKES WAR WAGONS CAMP

6r B DOLTBLE.a./6 plac! u FRONTralt FOLLOWERS
AVOID w dt CAMP d4ace

Mounted AVOID Desrroyedwith

Ktrights Knights,Warband anyrcverse Fleeon any
ScythedChariots revene
BadGoing AVOID
BadGoing
Artillery, Elephants
BEST AGAINST i
BBS'I'AGAINST
Mounted i
-+------------
DBA DBA

BLADES ARTILLERY PSILOI

e?ppot SPEARS/BLADES

AVOID Destroyedwith
AVOID
AVOID Warband any reverse
rtr coDtacl Knights,Auxilia
BadGoing Mounted Psiloi,Cavalry
ScyrhedChadots Lt Horse
BadGoing BESTAGAINST
BESTAGAINST BESTAGAINST
Foot Elephants
Bows,Psiloi
Lt Horse BESTAGAINST Elephants
BESTTERRAIN
Foot BadGoing

DBAverston
1'1Hlnt Cards
byMoxAttenborough
Over the yearsmy interestsin wargaminghave stretchedfrom
AncientsthroughNapoleonics andACw to Modem,andeach
era of courserequircsits o$n setof rules.Iflike me, youonly
play DBA battles occasionally,you will probably have found
that you tend to forget the best set-upfor your army to counter
youropponent's elementtrooptypes.
We all know that eachunit tlpe doesbetter or worseagainst
different adversaries,and that rough terrain is to be avoidedby
most units- but not all. Also. we are all awarethat cenain units
are destroyedon aa, adversedice throw (dependingwho they
are fighting). The problem is trying to rememberwhat is which!
The answer inevitably means spending seveml minutes
s.anningthrough the rulebook beforesettingup it\ too late in
the thick of battle to find that your recoiling Bladescan't push
back those f,lephants that you caretully pla€ed behind for
suPPon'
It occursto me that a real generalwould be well awareof the
shortfa s alld advantagesof his main troop typesandwould be
able to position them accordingly. Even a reluctant civil
servant,suddenlypromoted to generalin the heatof a civil war
wouldat leastbe ableto call on a numberof seasoned vetenns
and advisersto tactfuly suggestan appropdateresponseto the
enemy'slinesof battle.
HavingspentsometimeponderingtheproblemI finallycame
up with the idea of a setof'Veteran'sAdviceCardj or 'Hint
Cards'. The cardscontain a very brief summaryof inJormation
that representswhat I feel'r'cilld be the baic knowledgerhat
yourgenenlwouldhaveaccess to.
As I suggestedearlier, these cards can be used as a quick
reminder for those of us who do not use DBA frequently
enoughto rememberall the subtlevariables.In addition, I have
{oundthat they arealsousefulfor helpingnewcomelsto DBA. I
have a couple of fiiends who I gamewith oDceor twice a yeal
(andthat is the only wargamingthey do!). I havefound that
usiDgthes€cardshelpsdem to avoidthe mostobviouspitfalls
withoutn € havingto giveawayaI thelitde plansI havein mind
to beat them, and alsothey saveme spendingabout 15minutes
,beforewe begin, explainingthe entire combatresult table from
the rulebookl
There are 16DBA troop c-at€gories, and I havecreateda hint
card for each.Each card lists the main points to rememberfor
the appropnatetroop type:
- the troop categoryis displayedprominently at the top of the
card to enableeasyselection(embarrassingto havecarefuIy
placedyour troops accordingto the details from the wrong
card!)
- iI there is a padcularly favourableplace in the battleline, or
position on the battlefield, this is listed below the troop
category
- any terain your troops are rot suited to, and/or any troop
t'?es that are bestto avoid, are listed individually
- any t€rrain that will produce the besrftom your troops is
I haveprovidedon the adjoiningpagesa setof thesecads for
use*ith DBA version 1.1that you canphotocopyfor your o\In
use(onto caid ifpossible, papergetstatty very quickly). Justcut
out carefully amund the dotted lines.
Rather than provide yourself and your opponent with a full
set of cards, a refinement would be to have individual
'customisedsets'for eachof your DBA armies,comprisingonly
the elementtlT,esthat appearin ,raaarmy. How many generals
47
C S C PUELTCATIONS
PreHI!
''WARGAME CAMPAIGNS"
BY
C S GRANT
Thi! Ei bdk pmvidd .I td Fd ro lmr to !.a up ud
m Ju om nr.gu. c&D.lgn In .ry Fdod,
iifi . Mr or 6.titiou r.athg, frr or fut !t
It b .ppFpd.tc tor uytu fre6 tegnw. ro
l..l*d pnviditrg .u€9.!tion d tb. brict
r.rSder
&d lMeM optiord dtn ld.!.
t12,50,
phr ar.25p Ddtrg. rd p&l<hg for UK ud BFPO
42.00p for EwD. rd USA,
Ato iv.ihb|e
nw.lhgrd h ltrdi.n -A W!Igu.r! Crllla
$Jop D|6 4r.00 p&D ao. UK il.50p Erbp. $d US .
496
wihlhlE SN9 6BQ
do you know who would know all the secretsof ant enemythey
You may notic€whenusingthe €ardsthat there is sometimes
an apparentcontradiction- the Box,s€ard lists 'Avoid contact
with Mounted'with 'BestagainstMounted'for example;and
the Knighri card lists 'Avoid Elephants,ScythedChariots aod
Lt Horse . . .' with 'Best agarnstMounted'. This is not an errot,
it is an effe€t of correctly interpreting the rules, which in tum
correctlyinterpret reality (we hope!). Think aboutit. ln the ftst
case(for Bo$s), the explanationis simple - when targeting a
manon a horse,you only needto hit either the manor the horse
to effectively take them both out of the battle - so they are a
goodtarget. Yet whenthe manon the horsecloseswith the man
on foot (who alreadyhasa bow in onehand) he will havea high
chanceof taking the bowmanout of the battle! How bestto deal
with this contradiction is up to the general. The answerin the
caseof the Borvswould be perhapsto avoid mounted targets
altogether, or you might site them on a hill or behind a
defensiblestreamto rcducethe attacker'scapabilities- but all
this is fo. the generalto sort out, not the hint cardl
One further note: don't think you must treat th€ Hint Cards
as gosp€I.If Julius Caesarhad looked at llir set, and seenhis
Blad€scard te[ing him to avoid Warbands, he may wel have
changedhis mind about Gaul beforc he staned! Remember,
althoughit may alwaysmakesenseto &btento advice,you don't
haveto ta&eit!
(I an currently working on a similar set of cardsfor usewith
DBM...)
 GREEKHOPLITESHIETDDEVICES
By Tim Cockrell
MostpeoplewhoareinterestedinGreekwarfarein the archaic
andclassicalperiodsarefamiliarwith thegeneralappeannceof
a hoplitephalanx:the bodyarmourofbroMeorlinenendingin
plelll8er,the crestedhelmets,and the bristlinghedgeof long
spears.Above all the mostlastingimageof hoplitesis of the
highlydecorated largeroundshields.
Strangely, despitethe enormousbodyof archaeological, and
to a lesserextent literary, evidencewhich existsfor hoplile
shielddevicesalmostno work hasaddressedsu€hissues aswhat
purposethey servedeither for individuals,families/tdbes,
or
indeedwholecommunities in theGreekworld.Theonenotable
exceptionh G.H. Chasewho,nearlyacenturyago,recognised
the abovepointsand madethe first properstudy,hopingthat
otherswouldbe spunedon ro lurlherinresrigation.
Academiahasignoredthe pleasof Chase,apart from the
occasionalchapter or paragraph,so it has been left to

Ttro of theauthorshoplitephaloues. Above, o Fifth Centutl B.C. uni; below,a Fourth CenturyB.C. unit, with nore geometrical
desisLsandfe\'er fauna.
 49
wargamen to take an increasinginterest in shield devicesin
recentyears.This caneasilybe explainedby the facrthat welike
our figres not only to look attractive, but to look asauthenticas
possible.Historians are less interest€din the look of ancient
soldiers, panly becausethe study of warfare has become
unfashionable,despite the impact of warfate on almost every
facet of humansociety.
@ @ @ @@
My purposehere is simply to give an outline of rhe history of
shield devices,accompaniedby someillustntions, and a brief
discussionof colour. @ @ @ @@
HISTORICAI OUTLINE
The archaicperiod, roughly the eighth, seventh,and sixth
centuriesB.C., was the period of greatestoeativity and
divenity in hoplite shield devices. There were no uniform
devicesas in later periods and there was no dominanr stylistic @ (6) @ @ @
v/
trend.Severalcategories canbe identified:
Geometric(stars,bals or dots - either aloneor aransed in
geomelricpauems circles.combinalionsof the aforimen-
tioned).
Mythical beash (centaurs,gorgons,satyrs, sphinxes,griffons,
@ @ @ @ @
\ungednorses)_
Realbeasts(lions,horses,dogs,birds,snakes, goats,dolphins,
bulls).
Human (whole figures (male and female), legs, triskeles,
Dusts.).
Things(chariots,ships,winecups,tripods,anchon).
None of the above categodes seem to have be€n more
@ @ @ @
popular than the others and I have listed only the commonest
examples ofeachcategory. (S€efigureI forexamples.)
In the early part of tbe suc€eedingclassicalperiod declineser
in. Few of the mythological creatures survived, though rhe
@ @ @
gorgon retained its popularity, even into the fourth century_ white,yellow,red,blue,green,brown,andgold,which,asraste
The geometricpatternssunived, though with lessvariety_ becamemore refined,tendedrowardssubtlershades.Com-
Similarlythe othercategories continued(seefigure2). binationsof red and blue, or red and blackwerecommonon
From around the middle of the fifth century the reduced buildings.
geometric repertoire took on increasingimportance, rivalled A boostto our knowledgeofcolour camewith the discovery
maiDly by the new fashion for cities to adopt an emblem of rombsftom theHellenisricperiod. suchasthalof LhetomboJ
(lambdafor Spdaa.sigmafor Sikyon.tridentof poseidonfor
Lyson and Kallikles. Apart from the colouring on rhe lombs
Mantineia,and club of HeraklesIor Thebet. Someother themselves, extremelyrare examplesof Greek muralswere
deviceshowever €ontinued to be used, though in a simplified found insrde depicting, among other
things. Macedonjan
fashion. (Seefigure 3.) mililaryequipment.includingshields.Oneof thesehasa whire
By the end of the fifth century the older deviceshad almost star on a pale blue backgroundsurrounded
by a white ring,
capitulatedto the advanceof the geometricshietddevices,star severalbrown rings, anda dark red ring surmounted
by a silvery
like pattemsof circlesaDdrays predominating,and looking wreathof oliveleaves.
forward to the Hellenistic period where the devicesbe€ame In the literary sourcesthere are referencesto Anives armed
extraordinarily complicated. By the middle of the fourth wilh whireshields{Aeschylus. SevenASrr'nrrfiebei 89)andro
century other shield devices(other than the national embl€mt a hopUtewilh a blackshield Spr?n,4aar6rl}ier€r
{Aeschylus.
12-45). There are several references to shields faced with
bronze, gold, and iron (Aeschylus, Pe'Jians, t34468, Ern-
pides,Womenof Trcy, 1163,Pausanias, V.10.4,Bachylides,
COLOI]R Idas WiN Marpessa,PeacE,Plrj:tarch, Life of Niciat,28.5\ .
Unfortunately,our main sourceof evidence,the vases,cannot An actual exampleof a bronze shield faciq residesin th€
be relied on to give us muchof an idea about the colou usedto AgoraMuseumin Athens.rakenfromrhedefe;ted
SDanans at
decorateshields.By their nature, they are largely black or red, Pylos.lt is too thin ro haveaffordedany seriouspiotecrion.
with an occasionaluse of an off-white colour. This does not Indeed had such facings been constructed thick ;noush
for
indicate the situation in real life, any more than it doesfor the proleclionlhey would uDdoubtedlyhave beeo roo he;vy
to
clothes and flesh of the human figures depicted or any of the carry. We should vielr such facings as decorative and
highly
olher objedsdepictedon the vases.but merelythe timirations polished,ascontemporarytastedictatedbronzestatuary
should
ot rhe medium.Wture ground Lekythoi (oil flasksused as be. At Olympia are preservedsomeexamplesof solid
bronze
funerary offerings) of the fifth century B.C. give us slightly shieldd€vic€s,of archaicdate, which would havebeen
fastened
more colour (pale blue), but not eDough.We have to look ro to the front of a shield.Perhapsthes€q/erenot examples
usedin
other evidenceto get an idea of q/hatcolourswere usedor were waffare.but specificaiiy as moreomale dedicatoryofferiDgs.
likely to havebeenused. This however seemsunlikely. A teracotta moulding in the
Public buildings and marble and terracotta $arues were Agon Museum, depicting a bust in fionr view in high relief,
normallypainted in creece, usuallyin prominenthuesof black, suggestsa morecommonusage,asdo severalexamf'leson vases
50

B.B. uIARGAMES KEEPWARGAMIN

2OEo EntrOMItlfT IIISOLEOIIICS #t4AEIlitsR
gt4iffi -- -;-._;:::--
P,rl,ndTeresagailey
Paintedand Unpaint€d 5E##Fileics- ..
€*tj6jAiS*R Lelvlarchant LondonRoad,
Barracks,
SEOOIIDEAITD BOAADGf,ItrES SNlo 2ER,UK
Devizes,wiltshire,
S.P.l.,Avalon Hill, MagazineGames ffi
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PIISfIC A.F.V.r I FIGIIRES We sh.ll b€ atdt. following sho* in the ne.rfuturc:
1n2 & l/76 ReadvmadeandpaintedAF.V.S !5th/l6th Jlly Southernl4iliran€,Gosport
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Airk. Matchbor. Esci€tc. 29thl30thJuly STaB,Soumemollh
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58 EH!. Road,SpLworrh, Norst.h NRfo 3PF. ExmoulhCommunityCollege,Gypsy Lane
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Ahho!gh we carrya wide rangeof wsrgaming equipmentit is not
possiblefor usto carryeveMhinglo everyshowsowes!ogeslthat,to
avoiddisappoinrmenl, yo! conlaclus in advancesothalwecanbring
showflin relief. your otderrorhe show,N.B,lfwe areat a show,we may not betully
srockedatth6shop- so pleasering usto checkwehavelherangeyou
Pausanias (V.10.4)says.hata shieldhe sawat Otympiawas requirebeforesraninqyour journeyl
inlaid Mth a gorgon'shead. This examplewas apparently
golden,whichseemstoofancitulfor battle,but hedid saythatit lf you cannorattenda show orvisitourshopwhy not useour mailorder
s6dice?Ourstocksa.eamonOsn$e moslcomprehensivsinlhe
wasdedicated asa prizetakenfrom theirdefeated opponents by business.Fo.full detailssendan S.A.E,or2 lRcsrorheaboveaddress
the Spartans at Tanagra.Perhapsit wasthe gilt shieldofa rich stating,if possibleyour ar6aor imerest,
hoplite,suchas that describedby Plutarch(Niciar,28.5)who Figures
saysthat the shieldof Nicias, the defeatedAthenian leader of MiniaiureFigurines:All 15mm andmosl 25mmranges& RalPartha;
the Sicilianexpedilionof413B.C., wasof goldandpurple. Heroica& RosFigures& RoundwayM iniatores-allfi9ureranges;
Many shi€ldswould have been faced with the humbler DixonMinialwes- All 15mm & 25mm ranges,Fi9u.esArmour
AnilleryrTriton,Davco selededranges.Nawar&Naismith-
oxhide,suchasthat mentionedby Anakreonin hispoem"On selectedranqes;M!seum Miniatur€s.SHOlMinial!res.
the fortunesof Aftemon" (late sixth century B.C.). Even
PlaticKit
generals of Athens,in the Peloponnesian war, couldhavesuch j Airfix; Revell;Fujimi& Hasegaws.
Malchboxvehicles
shields(Aristophanes, Acialridru, 970).Here Lamachoshas
an oxhideshieldpaintedwith a gorgon.(Gorgonsarefrequently Vides
War Docurenlar iesiwar Fearur€Films,elc.
mentionedbv AristoDhanes.)
Comput€rGames&R(16
E.glishComputer
TurcanBesearchSystem{Dreadnooghtetc}
Wargames.Eagle Softwrre-
CONCLUSION
Books&R!16
Clearly,evenduringthe periodof decorativedecline,Greek WarqamesResearchGroupiTabletopGamesiNewburyRules;Osptey
hopliteshieldswerepeerless in the richness
of theirdecoration Me. atArmsj Elite;Vangua.d& CampaignSeries;Raider;lvl.O,D.
comparedto thoseof many other contempomrypeoples.They Ganesj Anschloss;ActiveSeruiceP€ss; MontverlPoblicalio.s,plus
selecredtillesfrom manvolher oublishers
sometimes covered the wooden constructions with simDle
oxhideorbronle. Thedevicesrhemselvescould beof broue or T.nain & Model Auiklings
evengold, otherwiseshieldswere often brightly decoratedwith K&MTreesj iov€ls kesin)j MainlyMilitarykesin)iThe Drumkesin);
Hadcove. Desisn(cadl; DEper Models(15mm Napoleoniccard
complexpainteddevices. buildinss)
There is a vast amount of evidence to support the above
STOCKCIEARANCEI
conclusions.In factthereis somuchevidence, muchofwhichI In ord6rto makespacetorallths re'desiqnedNapoleonicrangesth8l
havenot seen,that my brief surveymust be seenonly as an Minifigs havebroughtodwe are making6 specialofier,validunlil the
introductionto the subject.Morework will hopefullyfollow. ondof A!gusl orwhilestockslast.

All rh6'old sryle Napoleonicranseslistedhereatlhetol!owingprices:

SEI,ECTBIBLIOGRAPHY PriceSlti€ 5 = 85pcontai.s I intantryor4 cavalry

PiceSeri66 = tl.OO@ntainsSinianrrycommand,4cavalry
I havetrimmeddownthe book list to includeonly thosewhich comns.dorSanillerymen
have beenmost usefulto myselfand thosecontainingmore (usualoricest1.10&f 1.25res!ecrivelY)
illustrat'ons
of shielddevices. NB: SomecommandandadillerYpacksmay still be in
J.K. Ande$on, Militat! Theory a d Pnctbe in The Age of Series5packs pleasecheckberoreorderin9.
Xenophon,Untuelsityof CaliforniaPress,Berkelyand L.A.
1970. A m e r i c a n 1 8 1 2 - U S N & U S NN
Ca . s a u - o l d N S & N S C
G.H. Chase, The ShieA Devices ol the Grceks in A and Bavarian-B&Bc Pru$ian-P&Pc
British-S&Bc Russian-F&Rc
Li@raturc,Cambidge, Massachuse.ts, 1902. Brunswick-BR&BRC Saxon-SX&SXC
PeterColnnolly, Grceceand Romeat War, MacdonaldPhoeb$ DuthBelgian-DB&BRC spanish-SP&SPC
Lrd,1981. olchy ofwarssw-ow & DWc wesrph.lbn-Sw&swc
R.M. Cook, Greek A and its development,chamctet and Wu''demburgW&WC
infl uace, Pensrin, 1916. POSTAGE& PACKING
Dwcan Head, Amies ol the Macedonidnand Punic Wdts 359 UnitedKingdom-Add10%lMinimom 50p,Maximum f3.00
B.C. to 146B.C.y,larg mesResearch Group,1982. AirnailEurope-Add25%Minimumf1 ,00
Richard Nelson,,4mi€r o/ the Greekand PeBian WaB 500 to RestofWorld-Add25%Surface:50%Airmail,Minimumf 1.00
J50B.C. Wargarnes Research
Group,1978. vis, Maste@niandJcBAeepted
shopopenTues-Sat{10.00am'6.00pm1.
NickSekunda,?te, nci€nlGree,ts, Osprey,1986.
When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.
 5t

p-n:ounutrIAEMEEE
A L8l[]Lr_lt!li!lutslJ.l
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IRRECULARS matterhow oftenhe'd seenit before.Rushinq
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Johnson'smusing'swhereintemtptedby the
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TheOtherPartizan them,glancingover hisshoulder,Johnsonsaw
theotherhalf of theescotled@ngloruard.
August19th gettingreadyfor theprep.He notedthe
HA-L(TLIA]V,nea.\EWAR(,NoTTs
A1KLLTIAM markingson thecoweling.'BlueMax' said
t2 mrct r,m Newa.t an the 4 167Mthshell Fnd) Johnson,to no-onein particular.'Thoseboys
M0reT.adestandsthaneverbefore canREALLYtumit rcund.'Thenlouderover
D FFERENTCAJESAT EACNEVENT theenginenoise'Lock& load', ashe eased
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Ear RefreshmenG. himselffotwardon to the skids.
000EoDen1oam
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month . . .
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52

ESSEXPREMIERWARGAMESSHOW

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 53

P8THJHQUATTTTCA CLAYPTTS
ORETON
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DYT4OTW The SeriousAJtetnative'
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RR06 hbnry i4 C.D od Shon
Jactet Admcing Dort forg€torirotherr.ng€s:ZrIuWar,Napoleonics and.qncienls.
rYert'llo rr TheColonialC$n€.tion'rdhge (iriiguingl).
Forno(edotailssend50pstanp€x IRG ro:
o0llrnrctsl, 29lhe Qr.rrocb, nihd.L, BedrMras lTG.
READY REGIMEIITS Ovelseas culiomerslleasenoteourfiguescanl|owbeobtain€d
E3ch Ready R€giment cobpris€s 30 ffgures in assned po6es ton thefoflof,inE
gving an .uthotic md vdi€d app€arance.
Pttc 5t.50 e.-h pla pGt & FaldoS. h&,'',attl
r'X UK l0% E!rcp@,50* Intm.ion l. R Koriecrlo
For r.r6t ldl('!@do! r€8.rdlng drUdo6 to the tugq Xhigdru.e 45
pre4 terephoo€ o s6d a 3lrop€d .rtd6.d 6v€Iope. 90?62 nhh

MILI.ART
Gstablshed 1982) Wherecan| find2000MilitaryBooks?
I' PERSONAIrOUALITY SERVICErOR l5nrn & ln the
l,tItrN,GAMEFIGT'RESOTTNY ERA
zSDTN
Readypained rsnm lSMr 15m" 25m zsM' t5m"
KENTROTMANCatalogue
F@r 10.?0 ,0,80 t1.20 .EO .?s ,2,S0 of course!
Mo6r€d
'NAPOIEOMC fl.lo ll.@ t,rto 13.00 l3,5o i5.@
& s.Y.W.FIG1JRES''@NI,IO6SSURSTANDAXD
An prie6 inclulie rlB @n otrhe fwe
Pain$lgsne l5M lsm' 15M.. 25tM
l6t e0.s5 m.65 ll.to tr-m e13ll lz.m
Mtul6d ,1.10 s1.30 a2.20 t2.& t2.€o r4.@
Y@ pbvirl€ rhs dqic
Ode6 der tl00 596disult
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Or<leBder 13001596di.Nt
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09.9s 1169.95
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AEilable at C.moisu &.t Nornal staiddd:
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- IJ.tce gSIE, Etalosue dd splEs 5 6t$ cl4 steFs, a firnnd Sfrsr
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P@qe & Packaginsl09{',MDjns 50D,Irttuh
'''Orhq disars do h<napply b rhissDecial t5.5{)
ota. a ftee catalogue nor,t
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54

IRREGLILARMINIATURES
691 ACOMB ROAD, HOLCATE YORX yO2 4Ep TfL. (0004)790597
SORRY,NO CALLERS.DUETOCOUNCILRESTRICIIONS
Pooq. nr. l2 x % 50Da. ord.6 l.$ than f2
winn.roa.h.Fi.sco n2iloid.icono.rnion for{v.a}

r3r NLi@ri6re,t (.zbid

WARCON'95
(Actustly, tl's Wdrcon W - bul we'rc nol surehow htgh
you can counl ln noman numerals!,

at lhe Unlverslty ol Cenlral England ln Slrmlngham

Weslbourne noqd, Blrmlnghqm

Saturday & Sunday,2nd & 3rd Seprembet

Ttade slcnds; demo & psrllclpqllon gqmes; Brlng & Buy; qulz; open
Bqllletech comp; Nqtlonql Wargcmes Chqmplonshlps; bar & ccnteen;
on slte cccommodatton (bed & brecklcst): €18 per person per nlghl
(Frtdqy I svsqturdcy 2nd Sept). Leclures by PqddI Grllftth, Iqn Knlghl,
Stephen Turnbull. Culz run by the October club.

MONEDE|NLS NEXTMONTH
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 55
20nm WWII FIGURI PAINTER.Qualitypaintingservicefor
the wargamer.For a sampleandinIo, write ro: L.Kenn€dy,14
Adsshouldbeaccompaniedby a chequemadepayable Jameson Court,LondonE2 9LT.
to Stratagem Publications Lta.. tS t o.,ers tane,
Newark, Notts. NG24 lHZ. Rat€lsp p€r word. Please
JOHN I\TITCHELL (PETER LAING 15nm flcuRES).
@Utyzqo V.A.T. Minimumch+de:f2.S0, Ancientsto WWIL Beginnenrules.Full paintingservice.
Rangeof WWII resinarmoursoon!Sendf1.50 in stanps
FORSALE lor caralogueand samplerigure ro: John Mirchelt,
DBM ROMAN LEGIONS:Augustinian,135; Polybian,f58, lr)Hookbank Parl. Hanle)Castle,WorcsWR8OBQ.
pluspostage.42 SalterforthRoad,Earby,LancsBB86ND. ACW PAINTING SERVICE. Any scalesto professional
25nm ARMIES. Painted: Seljuk,200 Cav,86 Inf, 1260; standards.Sampleplus lisrs for f1 00 ro: I.Hammond, 16
Ghaznavid, 62Cav,132Inf, 8Ele, 1120.Also nany unpainted, BidefordClose,WigstonLE182QU.
Mongol,Teutonic,Ayyubid,ECW etc.Telephonecnhamon AT.TERMATH MINIATIJRES PAINTED ARMIES. PTofes
01342-321821 . sionalpaintingservi€e- 1,000'sof figuresin stockincluding
IIGURES, BOOKSAND RULES, all goingcheap.Contact: manyAncients,Renaissance, NapoleonicandACW. cuaran-
J.Morgan,66 DowthorpeHill, EarlsBarton,NorthantsNN6 teedservice no quibbleretum ifnot satisfied.SendIt.00 for
OPB. sampleto RichardTurton, l31a EustonRoad, Morecambe
lsmm NAPOLEONIC UNITS OF VARIOUS NATIONS- AB LA45LF, or phone01524-413124.
andMinifigs.I el: Wanen01482-589102 momingsor evening!.
AIRtrIXJBOXED AND LOOSE,ACW, Naps,Wwl, Arabs, WARFAREPAINTING.AII scales.For samplecontact:Mark
others.Waterloo,CoastalDefenceAssaulrSetswith figures, Tyzack,19BrowneRoad,Fulwell.Sunderland. Tel: 0191,549
wagons,AFVS,boxed,15/25rnnpaintedunirs,annies,DBA'S, 8290.
AFVSboxed,Ospreys,Blandfords. Tel: 0161,6287489- SECONDHANDrIGURES BOUGHT & SOLD. Tetephone
2smmPAINTEDRENAJSSANCE ARMY. Also 25rnmACW- 01332-559025. Ian Hinds.
Napoleonic,& Sudanurirs & other pieces.(Someformerly
used in Connoisseur/Elitenvargames Foundry display at WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED
shows.)Wrile fith largeSAE 1o:David Thomas,4 Victoria
to collector's
standards.
SendSAEor hro IRCSlor pricelist
tor D, Seaarove.
Avenue,Stocktonon Tees,Cleveland TS202QB. THE IAST DETAIL
PAINTEDFIGURES.CompetitionwinningFutureWarriors, 196Parlaunt Road,t-anqlev,
Slouqh.BerkhireSL38AZ
vehiclesand buildings.1/200Russians/Afghans. 15mn DBA
armies.Lots more. All paintedto competitionstandard.Tel:
019t,2524230. CLUBS& SOCIETIES
DBM OR WRG7th PC-DOSPROGRAMS,allowsyouto enrer, GLASGOW& DISTRICT WARGAMESSOCIETY. please
edit. store and print your order-of-battles.
Runson IBI4/PC conta€t:The Secretary,M.Wiltiams,69 crafiham Avenue,
compatible8086rnachineor higher-Speci!-DBM or WRG7. Giffnolk G46 6EH, or phone0141-637 9769.Meetingsevery
3.5" or 5.25"DD or HD disk. CasecroftSystemsLrd. The secondSunday.
Tasman,Cold€nDrop. Helpston,Pererborough PE67DW. f5 THENAVAL WARGAMESSOCIETY(founded 1966)andThe
perprogram(f8 both).P&P outsideEEC addf3. BattleshipClub havejoinedforcesto promote,organise,and
run navalwargamingeven$.Frequentcampaignandsetpiece
WANTED battlesareheldat variousvenues,andrhegrouphasambiiions
to expandto otherregionsin the U.K. New memberskeenly
MILITARY BOOKS1600-1900, particularlyNapoleonic,Un! sought.SAE for informationcircularro: p.
Dunn.41Bournel
toms and Wargam'ngTop pr'(er paid.MagentaBooks,I mouthRoad,Folkestone.
Kent CT195BA.
SilcoatesStreet.Wdkcfietd WF20DtJ

OPPONDNTSWANTED GETTYSBURG
FILM SHOW:
ANYONE IN THE ANNAN ARtrA interestedin resular
sargame'campaign,? GETTYSBURG! Thismagniticenr epicsrarringTom
| have a lable and I5mm Fre-nch.
Pru\sian and OltomanNapoleonics. Berengeras Longstreet. MartinSheenasIre. JeffDanieh
J.Squires,26
Cummer-
tr€esVillage,Annan,DunfriesshireDG125QD. asChamberlain andSamElliouasBuford.toeetherwitha
hostof othen is the subjectof private screenin;to be held
in Darlingron.Co.DurhamonAugust12th1995.Thetutl
SERVICES Iourhouriwillbeshownononeevening roadiscerning
HIGH QUALITY PAINTED MINIATURXS. Anv scaleor audience. Ticketpricef3.50.Details/tickers from:
penod.al reasonable price'. For delailsand f'ee s;mDte\endConquesr Modelsll FonestersParh.SchoolAycliffe, Co.
SSAI to. R.C,Painrrng Senices. 7 wildberCtose. Ey;esburj. 'fel:
DurhamDL5 6TA. 01325-312434.
StNeots,CambsPE192DY. Tel: (01480)403962_
IMPATIENT TO SEE YOUR TROOPSIN ACTION? And no
timefor lhat extrapie€eofresearch? Let someone elserakerhe FORTHCOMINGEVENTS
strain.All periodscovered.To find out more,wrireto: c.M.p., '95.
Tl Albert Srreet,Granthan,Lincolnshire NG3t 6Hy. DRAGOON Saturday12thandSunday13thAugusrseesa
retum to lastyear'svenue:The GrandHall, The Colonnades.
STANAGAR MODELLINGSERVICES.For a quatityfigure The Alber Dock Complex.LiverpoolWargames
paintingserviceand handmadebuildingsin a scales.Lei m€ looksforward Association
to welcorning
old andnewwargaming friendsro
tum your stockof bare metal inro units. paint€d units and Dragoon'95.Anyonewhowantsfurther
detaihcancontactIan
buildingsavailablefrom srock.AFV kirs builr. International Sandersonon 0151709 3995 (daytime)
or 0151489 3476
clientele.For sampleandfurtherdetailssend12.00,or g5.00bitl (evenlngs).
to: 51 AshgroveRoad,Horfield,BrisrolBS7gLF. Tel: (011?) THE lTlh INTERNATIONAL
o8l7 508 MODEL EXHIBTTION witl be
held on Sunday.15th October at RAF Halton Airfield,
When replying to adverts please mention Wargames Illustrated.
56

L,.hd,nlbtt 'sttr ltbat.batuvxsb.tut

hdrc|n r/E !l!EF{,r l|iF!.t6a/lltrtt@
FOBq3lOl,Erd.d sSdit..nod,WBrt
klcg Models E rtA3,(t!"5t01,USI Nd*i. nordr xl& 3lF
ld@ta$.a1|a3020 !4t !i. t [ot603.l966ar

Htgh qualtu, well researched watgames * z()O'tr

EII{TOIIf,IIIITWANGAI,IE *
FIGI'NES
bu dlDst tD lightweigbt wethatte foam restn 20o! xrFotEomc I;xcE
Bddsh, Frecn, Pirsid, R6sim, Adifl Hsgdin, Bmsqd.li spanish,
Thesearchtecturalg€ms,in scalesl/300 to 25mmmay Pbtugu6e Sw.dish, Wdd6u4 Drtch B.Eim, N6e4 saonv, D(dry of
be obtainedfrom good model shopsand particularly walw. H6*-D6ftradl Ba@ifl
ErsexMiniatutures,GladiatorGames,The Guardroom, O6c 20oa net-: Am.n@ G/il w' a'd Hodt.nYes Wa
Fun and Gamesand FirstCorps.USA customerswill cclebmbng oq 1() y6 b].'ftlafio.i Ddid a cnrro'Ebn Entelpds6 rhe
ffnd them at Brookhurst Hobbies. Califomia and manurduG of Hjnlon Hul Frgue ffounc€ a sue6tuI ebBiio pbEm
nd b6 mr d'ry sd ':6y e 'c166 bur aiso nEr 6gc in rhe hdlidEl
Auslraliansat JedkoGamesand ModelsandMniatures Hinion Hmr srrlc.
at Frdnkston-Victoria. D?didted ta Mtrc Irtn@

Wendover,nearAylesbury, Bucks.The eventstartsat 10:00am

andadnissionis !4.00 adults,!2.00 OAPSand11.00children. B&P I'I
The venuefeaturesplenty of free pa*ing, refreshmentsand a Onward and upward! This year atteDdanceat the Beer &
bar. All proceeedsfrom the exhibition are donatedto charities, PretzelsGames weekend passedthe 200 mark on Saturday,
in 1994the eventraiseda totalof f6,000andwehopeto do even with Sundaynot far behind. Most encouragingly,the rangeof
better in 1995.The displaysfill awoaircraJthangersand include gamesplayedwaswider than ever, andalthougha quarterof the
something for all interests from working fairgounds in participantswere involved in the Magictoumament, you would
miniatures to flying displays. This year there will also be a hardly haverealisedit. True, the cardtraders*ere doinga brisk
parntingcompetition. The wargamingsectionof the exhibition trade, but so was the Bdng & Buy stand,and the several
hasa strcng presencewith tmde standsand demonstrationand participation wargameswere constantly in action as usual,
participation gamesfrom local clubs including a 25mm Thirty people were trying lots of different games, Magic players
YearsWar gamestagedby the Tring WargamesClub featuring included.
a 20ft long table andmore than 2,000figures. Comealongfor a As with, I gather, all showsand conventions,we have
day's entertainment that guaranteesto have something fot preciouslittle successin attracting non-gamers,but it is a great
oppo(unity for people to demonstrate the virtues of their
TIIE SOCIETY OF ANCIENTS CELEBRATES ITS 30th particulartypeofgameto others.And it works- at leastonelad
BIRTHDAY. The Society of Ancients was establish€d ifl has been into the shop to buy a handful of figuresto play
September 1965 by Tony Bath with 22 founder members, ,Sioor$,explainingto hisbemusedmotherthathe didn'tneed
including Derek Guyler and Phil Barker, when our hobby was boxes and boxes of overpiced chaos spikey models to get
in its infancy. It vras set up by like minded people for the involvedin wargaming!
enjoymentof wargamingand military history in the Ancient & TheTown Hall at Burtonon Trentis alreadybookedfor'96;
Medieval period. Now, 30 yearslater we havea Soci€tyof over nextyear'sdatesare lSth/l9th May. Mythankstoall the many
1,000 members worldwide hom Ecuador to New Zealand peoplewho contributeto the runningof the show,and I look
sharinga commoninterest through the pagesof our bi-monthly forwardto seeingyouall nextyear.
joumal "Slingshot". We are celebrating its 30th birthday on Phil
September23rd 1995at our SOCIETY WARGAMES DAY SDiril Games
and AGM in the Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, High
Holbom,London.We haveinvitedthefollowingsocieties: Pike VICTORIAN MILITARY SOCIETY
& Shot, WargamesDevelopmentsand Lance & I-ongbow, to The V.M.S. held its A.C.M. on l0 June 1995at the National
sharethis occasionwith us. The main hal is booked from 10am
Army Museum,l-ondon,
to 8pmto allow a full day of period wargames,demonstmtions,Memben heard a rcview of the past year, including items as
and discussionson topics of military history. A few selected
diverse as attendingEuromilitare, Salute and the Family
tradeNhavealsobeeninvited.A Bring& Buy stallwill be run History Fair aswell asproviding re-enactoGto portray the 24th
for the benefit of those attending. The Society of Ancients
Footin a videoaboutRorke'sDrift.
AGM will be discreetlyheld in the aftemoon ftom lpm4pm. Tbe Society is in a strong financial position and plans to
Come and leam, more about our societies,join in th€ fun, expandits activitiesover the next 12monthsto include the field
entranceis FREE and you do NOT have to be a member to ofnilitary modeling.
attend. There are also plenty of watering holeswithin walking
After the meeting there was a discussion of modelling
distance for food and drink. The nearest tube station is magazinesand related topics with Ken Jones of M/itary
Holbom. Mode ing ardsntart Asqu'ithof Regiment.
The following were electedto the Council of the Societyfor
OBITUARY 1995-96: Chairman- RichardCaie;Secretary - RalphMoore-
Morris;Treasurer-GeorgeDibley;JoumalEditor Dr Roger
It is with deepestregret that we, the membelshipof
Steam;NewsletterEditor - Denis Hind; Manager,Vi€torian
PhoenixWargames Club (clasgow)announce$e pasiing- Military Fair ChrisKempton;PublicityOfficer- Dan Allen;
on, at the beginningof June1995,of one of our members,
Membersof the Council- Meurig Jones,Tony Mccabe.
GEORGE A. COCKBURN. ceorge was, a founder
TheV.M.S.isaninternational, non-commercial organisation
memberof the club, a dedicatedwargamer,a masterfigure whose aim is to promote the study of rnilitary history, of al
painler and terrain builder (as anyone who has seen his
nationsandraces,duringtheperiod1837- 1914.For info.mation
work will atteso, a friend to memben old and new and a pleasecontact:Dan Allen, Hon. PublicityOfficer,Victorian
tlue gentleman.He will be greatly miss€dby alt who knew Military Society,20 Priory Road, Newbury,BerkshireRG14
him, a greatlossto theclubandwargaming asa whole. 7QN.Tel: 01635-48628.
\Then replying to adverts please mention Wargarnes trlustrated,
 lJ
ftvtl l|l 3rarrLnt.nrtrt tb,ffigtr
'Eoort||lDEuMrr]
rt r
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d lbJa SFrrd (H!'i.d) lttwl lll (tr 5 l6'ih h ftll nil !.il hd|lr, |id h'r.tlCd, '6h
bo lru drh Ei Nn d o dEriry lF (rrd ol 3I

Cbe RUS lttwl lll (lY 7 ltrich i! quih.dt rhir ln. rll.ld, d.t{l[ ridt 6od.d
hG to S. hfi, o l.llolii! he (!.d( ol 3)
IL ft.''@ 6td! Ylli{r lr![ t rtfirhld ol lt.Y, Itw! lll (fl 8 ltrlahtli fill mll .[.4lia $$ sd toth rot , 10.r.lit
t roor. ol ryddr. Yatiltfitc dri '?n !t t0ti rhLld,d a.lhd4 hE (r{k ot4
cts! ri 6tr irfK. di! rni.r a4. ir fit b
tll (lV 9 |t|hhr ii tull mil elit r|til, Eay to.d dd! .id .06
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tL OEI PiiE ol lca lll C{Vl0 ltrithr ii hll mil loa lir. rl Cd,hid Grr].! d mo,
't ilhr ioe h.d ot3)
ANqLO - NORCDANS VlI Oli 5 6!ilLm. L GrqGEd $d TldiD b 8s ni l.t!.
P.r.l &iir, lotr duit l (oi. ris 6d!!r}
Ir!.F 0lth 6trqnr.?drn& ct b d. !br. dd dh VII Olt 6 Altu olWe& fd' hr.E l, $i.ll bd ild Sb'd!'{
raidh.e.trdhr dho I't td.o,&bfl. r..t h.r.r$d0la6sbrd..
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ftr drF d M mibth el.ly Sn'{l nooolutsl ltEY! Dtt 5 Pdrii rdEi.l'{ d$ {.d. ftr rhelN.i
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DBrmilSrm ,(rlolls,d'.6 q!.nv Id {ar.e€ iltYn Dlr 9 hn.l. rdni.la dd! nli/ rlo4 htrt * ornct dsr.
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a|tG illd t hv.blon .(. |h Fr.tr.b?t r{l [fli,! DrPr0 B.6loa.d !de'l .dn'da d[ rilt .t rl. r.il.
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ftll ot lot[r niLlh @150 (lJKPonFE) 0n e Sff lu Dd.t rlatt

TWODRAGONS
PRODUCTIONS
18 LipscombShel Milnrbridse, n!.ld.6neH
YdklhiF tlD3 ,rPF Enei.nd d t l (01434) 6133?4.
w. @tcr. or m,tu o.,tn .ta'
5t

trnnteAAlnlatures
26 Bowl€ase
Gardens,Bessacarr,
Doncaster.SouthYorkshireDN4 6AP
Tel: (01302)530038Mon. toSat.9am-7pm

/IIUSIRA
lft- Brirish
EiflesBatialion
oainted
bv.ndinthecollection
ofDale
Rawson.

HIGHOUAI-Iry25mm FIGURESFORTHE
WARGAMER AND COLLECTOR
DESIGNED BY PETERMORAEY

0NcruDrtrGorkoomDUMret

H I N C H L I F F2E
5 m mF I G U R E&SE Q U I P M E N T S
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BYGMHAM LIsHMAN

NEW!!COMPTTTE
NAPOTEONIC
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251DAFrenchNapoeon c"La(ev"Ambuance {,1.30 Tso r-lo6es& Diver r1./A
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EC51 " O l d s a w b o n e l : N a p o e o n i c s u € . a l T e a m !7.61 EC52 " S t r e t c h e r 8 e a r e 6 l lT.6\
O U RM N C E SN: A P O L E O NFI C RjT N CRHE V O I UOTN A R Y ! \ A RSsI;V E N Y E A RW S RrtNCLISHClVltwAR;AMIRCANWAROFINDIPENDENCE;
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STARTER PACXS fOR ALLTHEACaSLISTED ASOVEji2 rlcURtS & DITAILED CATALOCUI: !5.00 POSTrRtE.
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Llail det A(A@:
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EXPORT POSIACTCHARCTS: We on), chege rhe ual poslage,any mone,vnot usedsll be credited
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UK POSTACE CHARCTS: Add r0% lo orde6 it les than !50. lMinimuh P&Pjsopr,
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AUSTMLIAN ACENT:Militad Hobbie! ra4 W€srTera.e Adeladei{r00 5. Aunniia. Te & tax: 03 2lr ,lt2

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 59

a,
I ir IYNNINIEIII NI AYIII ii 3Lq
.,Y THEwltD WEST-25mm
AW1 U.5.Marshall,casualpose........................ 50p
AW2 Civilian, reading pap 50p
AW3 TheCarpetbaqqer.. 50p
AW4 Cowboyin woollychaps, casualpose........ 50p
AWs ThFlrh.l.rr:L.r
AW6 Me\iG^arserra ..5op
A\ ? ThePhorog.aphel ..65p
AW8 DPadOr,llawIncoifn... .. ..65p
AW9 t!4o"nred Cowboy. ..5op
AWl0 Outawwithpistol. holdnqwoman asshie|d......... €1.00
AWl Oulawi,rtlicfe . 'ifl'lqshotour..... ..5op
Figure5paintedbyH,.l.PainlingServices AWl2 Bou-ry lunterir poriho,fr:nqpistot. .. .......
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Riverwoods, AW16G'dvewitl- plar headstone. .. ............. ..50p
l. 60015LISA. AW'7 6ravewith cdrued l-eaosrone ......... ..5op
P&P:uK: 17%yooforder(minimum50p). AW 8 FoL-ho6e pra e schoonp. & crew(resin nerat)... f6.20
AWl9 TheTombstone Set:WyattEarp, Virci Earp,
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EUROPE 30ooo'o de (mninJm r).50). USHI WildWesrho6e,wafirq.headuD..... .. .. . . 6 5 p
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