BY

PREFABRICATED
STRUCTURES HONEY
MISHRA
(103118032)
Contents

• Introduction
• AIM
 Introduction
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of
a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site,
and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to
the construction site where the structure is to be located.
NEED FOR PREFABRICATION

SPEEDY EFFECT ECONOMY IMPROVE QUALITY DURABLE AESTHETIC FINISH

CONSTRUCTION- STRUCTURE WITH
NO CURING PERIOD LESS MAINTENANCE

FURTHER EXPANSES
EASY
Advantages

Work time is reduced

Less workers needed

Work done with better technology

Interruption in connection can be omitted

Quality control is easy.

Less wastage-or wastage/scrap can be recycled

Self supporting Readymade components– does not need formwork,shuttering,and scaffolding.

Disadvantages

Very Skilled crew

Careful handling of components

Leakages at joints

Heavy duty cranes and precision measurement to place in position

Very costly when the factory is very far away from the site.
Limitations

size of the units.

• location of window site access and require high
openings has a limited storage capacity. quality control.
variety.

enable interaction
difficult to
between design
planning. handling &
phase and
transporting.
production
 ✓ Prefabricated components speed up
construction time, resulting in lower labour
costs;
✓ Prefabrication allows for year-round
construction;
✓ Work is not affected by weather delays (related to
excessive cold, heat, rain, snow, etc.);
✓ The mechanization used in prefabricated
USES construction ensures precise conformity to
building code standards and greater quality
Following are assurance;
✓ There are less wasted materials than in site-built
the uses of construction;
✓ Materials are protected from exposure to the
introducing the elements during construction;
✓ Worker safety and comfort level are higher than
prefabrication ✓
in site-built construction;
Computerization of the production process permits
system a high degree of customization, at an affordable
cost;
✓ Quality control and factory sealing and design
can ensure high energy efficiency;and
✓ Cost savings through prefabrication can reduce the
income required to qualify for a high ratio
mortgage by up to one third compared to a
conventionally built home of the same size
 Materials for Construction

• Concrete

• Steel

• Treated wood Special

characteristics
while choosing
• Aluminium materials

• Cellular concrete Easy available Economy

Easy
workability Light weight Durability

• Lightweight concrete elements

• Ceramic products
 Methods of prefabrication

- Plant prefabrication
- Site prefabrication
PLANT PREFABRICATION

• Plant prefabrication is resorted to in a factory for

the commercial production for the manufacture
of standardized components on a long-term
basis. It is a capital intensive production where
work is done throughout the year preferably
under a closed shed to avoid effects of seasonal
variations. High level of mechanization can
always be introduced in this system where the
work can be organized in a factory-like manner
with the help of a constant team of workmen.
SITE PREFABRICATION

• In this,prefabricated components are produced

at site or near the site of work as possible.
• This system is normally adopted for a specific job
order for a limited period. Though there is definite
economy with respect to cost of transportation,
this system suffers from basic drawback of its
non-suitability to any high degree of
mechanization and no elaborate arrangements
for quality control. Normal benefits of continuity of
work is not available in this system of
construction.
C O M PARISO N

• PLANT
• P R E F A B R I C AT I O N
• TRANSPORTATION AND
ELEVATION CAPACITY
SITE
P R E F A B R I C AT I O N
• N O T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

• UNLIMITED
OPPORTUNITIES OF • ONLY LIMITED SIZE AND
ARCHITECTURAL SHAPES ARE MADE
APPEARANCE

• HIGHER, • LOWER QUALITY BECAUSE

INDUSTRIALIZED DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY
QUALITY – LESS WEATHER
AFFECTED BY WEATHER

• NO SPACE • PROPER,LARGE FREE S PA C E

REQUIREMENT ON THE
SITE FOR FABRICATION IS REQUIRED
Prefabricated Structures - Process

Manufacturing process
(on the production site)

Stacking the components before shipping

Transportation
(to the construction site)

Erection (on the construction site)

 PREFAB
BUILDING
COMPONENTS
Some of the prefabricated
components are as explained below:

Columns
A column is a vertical member carrying the beam and floor
loadings to the foundation.
It is a compression member and therefore the column
connection is required to be proper.
The main principle involved in making column connections
is to ensure continuity and this can be achieved by a
variety of methods.
Column to Column
Connection 17
 • Beams can vary in their complexity of
design and reinforcement from the very
simple beam formed over an isolated opening
to the more common encountered in frames
where the beams transfer their loadings to
the column.

• Methods of connecting beams and columns

are
• A precasting concrete haunch is cast on
Beams to the column with a locating dowel or
stud bolt to fix the beam.
• A projecting metal corbel is fixed to the
column and the beam is bolted to the
corbel.
• Column and beam reinforcement,
generally in the form of hooks, are left
exposed. The two members are hooked
together and covered with insitu
concrete to complete the joint.
• This is as shown in the figure.
Beams are set on
bearing pads on
the column
corbels .

Steel angles are

welded to metal
plates cast into the
beams and columns
and the joint is
grouted solid.
Waffle unit for flooring / roofing

These are suitable for roofs / floors spanning in two

directions.

They are laid in a grid pattern.

These units are cast in moulds.

The saving achieved is not much. Also Shuttering are

complicated and costly.

Time consumption for construction is less

21
SLAB TO BEAM CONNECTION

Hollow core slabs

are set on
bearing pads on
precast beams
Steel reinforcing
bars are in
inserted into the
slab keyways to
span the joint.

The joint is grouted

solid.

The slab may remain

on topped with
several inches of cast
in place concrete.
 Conclusion

Reduce adverse Enhance Reduce the

environmental quality control amount of site Increase The use of precast
worker safety . concrete
impact on of concreting labour. construction can
sites. work. significantly
reduce the amount
of construction
waste generated on
construction sites.