1. What is APK ?

APK – Android Package Kit, Android Package (APK) is the Android application package file
format used by the Android operating system, and a number of other Android-based
operating systems for distribution and installation of mobile apps, mobile games and
middleware.

2. How can I create APK file in Android Studio?

First, open up your project or application that you want to import into an APK file.
Then, select Build > Build Bundle(s)/APK(s) > Build APK(s) from the toolbar menu.
Android Studio will take a few moments to generate an APK file.

3. What is Gradle?
Gradle is first file which is made on the creation of new project, Android Studio uses
Gradle, an advanced build toolkit, to automate and manage the build process, while allowing
you to define flexible custom build configurations. Each build configuration can define its
own set of code and resources, while reusing the parts common to all versions of your app.

4. What is seekbar ?

A SeekBar is an extension of ProgressBar that adds a draggable thumb. The user can touch
the thumb and drag left or right to set the current progress level or use the arrow keys.
Placing focusable widgets to the left or right of a SeekBar is discouraged.

Clients of the SeekBar can attach a SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener to be notified of the

user's actions.

5. What is ProgreeBar ?

A user interface element that indicates the progress of an operation. Progress bar supports
two modes to represent progress: determinate, and indeterminate. For a visual overview of
the difference between determinate and indeterminate progress modes, see Progress &
activity. Display progress bars to a user in a non-interruptive way. Show the progress bar in
your app's user interface or in a notification instead of within a dialog.
6. Architecture of the android operating system ?

android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five parts:

1. linux kernel
 2. native libraries (middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications

1. Linux Kernel

It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux
kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device
management and resource access.

2. Native Libraries

On the top of linux kernel, their are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType,
SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc. The WebKit library is responsible for browser
support, SQLite is for database, FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording
audio and video formats.

3. Android Runtime

In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is
responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile
devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.

4. Android Framwork

On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android
framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources,
locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and
interfaces for android application development.

5. Applications

On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home,
contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and
libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernel.
Activity

An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.

View

A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything that you see is
a view.

Intent

Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to:

o Start the service

o Launch an activity
o Display a web page
o Display a list of contacts
o Broadcast a message
o Dial a phone call etc.

For example, you may write the following code to view the webpage.

1. Intent intent =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);  
2. intent.setData(Uri.parse(“www.google.com));  
3. startActivity(intent);  

Service

Service is a background process that can run for a long time.

There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from
within the application whereas remote service is accessed remotely from other
applications running on the same device.

Content Providers

Content Providers are used to share data between the applications.

Fragments

Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on
the screen at the same time.

AndroidManifest.xml

It contains information about activities, content providers, permissions etc. It is like

the web.xml file in Java EE.

AVD (Android Virtual Device)

It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It
can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of real devices.
1. Progress Bar –

Rating Star –
Splash –

Time Peaker –
Login Page –
Menu –
SMS –