2021 1st Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication and Computing Technology (ODICON)
A Unified Scheme of PSS and SVC for Voltage
2021 1st Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication and Computing Technology(ODICON) | 978-1-7281-7663-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ODICON50556.2021.9428989
Profile Improvement in Electrical Grid Network
Subhashree Choudhury
Department of EEE,
Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed To Be Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed To Be
University),
Bhubaneswar, India-751030 Bhubaneswar, India-751030
subhashree3@gmail.com nikhil12khandelwal@gmail.com
Abstract— Power System Stabilizer (PSS) plays a very vital
role in enhancing the power system stability and ensuring
maximum power transfer in response to a disturbance. However
only use of PSS to damp out the oscillations during transient
conditions may not be sufficient enough to enhance system
stability. Further PSS also introduces great variations in the
voltage levels. So, this paper aims to focus on the enhancement
of power system stability of a two machine system imperilled to
a LLLG fault with the help of the PSS being coordinated with
Static Var Compensator (SVC). SVC not only further enhances
the voltage stability and brings about better dynamic voltage
control but also controls the amount of reactive power in the
transmission lines. The system is designed and tested using
MATLAB/Simulink environment. The figures found out
signifies that the dynamic responses of the system are better in
case of unified use of PSS and SVC than that using PSS alone.
Keywords— power system stabilizer, static var compensator,
voltage profile, transient stability, FACTS devices.
I. INTRODUCTION
Damping of the system is weak and electric power system
is overloaded, due to economic and environment influence.
Transmission of power is limited if electromagnetic
oscillations occurs frequently which results in damping of
oscillations. Maintaining the stability for secure operation of
a power system is a very vital and challenging issue. The
power demand depends on load demand. If active power
demand increases then speed of generator drops down and
frequency of EMF decreases [1, 2]. The instability in a power
system mainly occurs in power, frequency or voltage
oscillation, rotor angle and angular frequency [3].
System damping enhancement is the primary measure for
use of Power System Stabilizers (PPSs) [4]. FACTS damping
controllers is otherwise used as a solution, while PSS doesn't
supply enough damping for interarea oscillations of power
[5]. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static
Var Compensator (SVC) are some mostly used FACTS
devices. Voltage and reactance are few main principles of
FACTS devices that regulate it in power system.
Incorporation of extra damping controller improves system
damping in the system. FACTS devices and PSS are listed in
fast acting power system devices, having capacity of
mutualism with one another and diminished performance. To
enhance total system experience, researches were conducted
in relation with PSSs and FACTS controllers. But all above
methods are depending on linearized power system in relation
with specific operating points. As working environment
differs with loading, the controller parameters that stabilize
system in particular working conditions, is unsatisfactory in
another. As many findings depends on various real time
working methods and adaptation is proposed, desiring of
978-1-7281-7663-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
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Nikhil Khandelwal Tara Prasanna Dash
Department of EEE Department of ECE,
Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed To Be
University), University),
Bhubaneswar, India-751030
tpdiitkgp@gmail.com
utilities in extension of traditional eigenvalue studies to
promote PSS and SVC plan to execute various working
conditions. FACTS devices and power system stabilizer both
together makes the system more stable and enhances the total
system experience, in different working condition.
Usually the stability in machine parameters and bus
parameters needed to be stabilized simultaneously so
power system stabilizer and static var compensator are used
to regain the system stability whether PSS should be working
under typical control generator whereas the basic structure of
SVC should operate under ideal bus voltage control [6].
The rest part of the paper is organized as follows. Section
II describes the modelling of each part of the system
configuration undertaken. In section III the simulation model
designed in the MATLAB/Simulink architecture is shown as
well as the simulation results are discussed. At last, in section
IV the conclusion have been highlighted.
II. ELECTRIC NETWORK CONFIGURATION UNDER STUDY
Fig. 1. Simple basic structure of the system under study
Fig. 1 represents the simple basic structure of the system
under study which consists of the following parts:
synchronous generators, power transformers, three bus bars,
a transmission line, PSSs, a SVC connected at the middle of
the line and a resistive load.
A. Static Var Compensator (SVC)
Nowadays there has been major concern in advancement
and application of FACTS controllers in power distribution
systems have thus been undertaken. This controller enhances
the electrical grid network performance by regulating voltage
profile, damping out oscillations and increasing overall
efficacy. SVC is one of the flexible ac transmission system
(FACTS) device. When a fault is introduced in the system to
regain its transient stability the system is compensated by
static var compensator. The electronic generator/SVC
controls power flow, controls voltage at terminal by
regulating input of reactive power or received from power
system. In case of diminished voltage of the system, SVC
prepares reactive power (SVC capacitive), and absorbs
reactive power (SVC inductive) vice versa. SVCs provide
near-instantaneous response to variation in power network
voltage and thus serves a merit over common mechanical
compensation structures. Operation is usually near to zero-
point in order to increase reactive power rectification they can
give when needed [7]. Reactive power can be varied by
switching inductor and capacitor banks which are usually
three phases. Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) are used to
bring about on and off position of each capacitor [8]. Fig. 2
illustrates simple structure of a common SVC configuration.
Fig. 2. Simple structure of a common SVC configuration
B. Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
Power System Stability is the method of an electrical grid
system, for known beginning working condition, to revive
condition of working equilibrium post-exposure to physical
calamity, with many of system variables bound that
practically makes the whole system remain unchanged. PSS
are generator controlled machines that are brought to use in
review to aggravate damping of rotor oscillation due to small
disturbances in signals [9]. These disturbances are due to
small alteration in reference voltage of automatic voltage
regulator/exciter thus accelerating rotor oscillations. In order
to provide decrease in torque signal, the PSS can use rotor
speed deviation from original rotor acceleration from
synchronized speed as input. Other readings that can be
measured and analysed can also provide damping torque.
These signals include electrical frequency, electrical power or
synthesis of integration of electrical power signal. For
recording input signals, various signal noise is present.
Filtering of these noises by the stabilizer is needed in order to
give input to the AVR with invariable signal that can damp
original rotor oscillations. Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of
a PSS. Inertia or inter area modes are common low frequency
modes, that is due to coherent system of generators that works
opposite to other groups in linked system. Interconnected
systems consists of these modes and damping is operated as
tie line strength and factors involved in unit loading. Poorly
diminished intertie modes are a result of weak ties because of
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line outages and massive loads in system. PSS system usually
give featured improvements in inertia mode damping, by
application of stabilizers to all units that takes part in power
swing modes. Fig. 4 illustrates the control system of a generic
power system stabilizer where T1 and T2 are the time constants
for lead and lag for machine 1 respectively and T3 and T4 are
the time constants for lead and lag for machine 2 respectively
for different phases and KPSS is the amplifier gain [10].
Fig. 3. Working of PSS
Fig. 4. Control structure of PSS
Fig. 5 illustrates the model of the electrical grid network
with PSS and SVC placed at the load end. PSS and SVC
unitedly not only enhances the system transient stability but
also damps oscillations. For verifying the superiority of the
coordinated approach of PSS with SVC the system is led to a
three-phase fault in the line as depicted in Fig. 5. The fault is
created from 5 second and to 5.1 second. The system is
modelled in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and the
results are analyzed with three different situations (i.e.
without PSS and SVC, only with PSS and both PSS and
SVC). The results obtained illustrates the enhanced ability of
the unified PSS and SVC over only use of PSS and no control
in the system with respect to improved stability, voltage
regulation, steady state limits and other control system
dynamics. All the values of the parameters used in the system
and considered for study have been adopted from [11].
 III. SYSTEM IN SIMULINK AND RESULT DISCUSSION

Fig. 5. Model in Simulink considered for study

Fig. 6. Line power under LLLG fault Fig. 7. Line voltage under LLLG fault

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Fig. 8. Terminal voltage of machine 1 in LLLG fault
Fig. 11. Terminal voltage of machine 2 in LLLG fault

Fig. 9. Rotor angle of machine 1 in LLLG fault

Fig. 12. Rotor angle of machine 2 in LLLG fault

Fig. 13. Angular speed of machine 2 in LLLG fault

Fig. 10. Angular speed of machine 1 in LLLG fault
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 depicts the line power and line voltage
respectively under LLLG fault. It can be observed that the
system without PSS and SVC losses synchronism and cannot
achieve stability. With only PSS the system regains the

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transient stability but response is slower as compared to
system with both PSS and SVC. However, the coordinated
use of PSS and SVC damps out the oscillations and reaches
the steady with better rise and settling time as matched to that
of system with only PSS.

Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 shows the voltage at terminal,

rotor angle and angular speed of machine 1 respectively.
Similarly, Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 shows the terminal
voltage, rotor angle and angular speed of machine 2
respectively. The graphs found out proves that the system
with PSS and SVC is better than that of only PSS with respect
to better transient response and voltage stability.

Fig. 15. Reactive power in LLLG fault

Fig. 15 demonstrates the reactive power of the system and

Fig. 14. Rotor angle difference in LLLG fault
it can be concluded that the system reacts faster and have
improved efficiency and reliability in case of unified use of
PSS and SVC than that of only use of PSS.
So, it can be concluded that the results obtained have
clearly demonstrated that the unified PSS and SVC in the two
machine system subjected to a fault condition yields better
results than that of only use of PSS in the system.
The detailed numerical comparison of dynamic
characteristics of the given system with PSS and SVC, only
PSS and with no PSS and SVC is given in Table I.

TABLE I. NUMERICAL COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GIVEN SYSTEM

Sl. Parameters PSS + SVC PSS No Control

No. Settling Peak Percentage Settling Peak Percentage Settling Peak Percentage
time time Overshoot time time Overshoot time time Overshoot
1 Vt1 1.9988 0.9694 102.55 3.6799 1.8156 122.599 7.9621 4.2576 126.599
2 Vt2 1.9799 1.0299 112.55 3.9299 1.9299 125.699 6.6731 3.2656 124.77
3 w1 1.77 0.86 99.99 4.02 1.56 126.78 8.26 5.67 132.37
4 w2 1.85 0.97 107.66 2.76 1.44 120.77 8.12 4.72 130.11
5 w1-w2 1.56 0.82 86.56 2.19 1.24 115.67 7.26 3.12 125.67
6 Theta 1.9799 1.0299 112.55 3.9299 1.9299 125.699 6.6731 3.2656 124.77
7 Line Power 1.26 0.869 101.11 2.12 1.67 112.23 7.96 3.25 140.65
8 Line Voltage 2.639 0.826 116.26 4.56 1.29 150.26 8.92 5.56 160.64

IV. CONCLUSION counteract oscillations have been also improved to a greater

This paper aims in presenting the enhanced effect of
coordinated scheme of PSS and SVC for an electrical grid
network as compared to the only use of PSS when led to a
LLLG fault. The incorporation of SVC with PSS not only
brings about enhanced power system transient stability but
also further improves voltage regulation. The system is
modelled using MATLAB/Simulink and simulation figures
are indicative of the fact that both SVC & PSS work in a
symmetrical manner for enhancing the characteristics of the
electric grid system with respect to better dynamic and faster
response, improved rise time, peak time and settling time,
enhanced efficiency and reliability. Further the ability to
extent.
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