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Earth and Life Sciences

Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 – Week 8B: Coastal Processes

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer/s: Christina T. Tadle

Regional Level Validators: Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña
Ralyn D. Raza
Abraham Masendo
Jeffrey Q. Apat
Antonietta B. Geolina
KC Buloron
Jean Ailyn C. Pitolan

Division Level Validators: Yvonne Salinas

Jennyvi H. Papellero
Ace Michael Magalsao

Management Team: Minerva T. Albis, PhD Schools Division Superintendent

Lorna P. Gayol, Chief-Curriculum Implementation Division
Abraham L. Masendo, Education Program Supervisor
Blessy S. Toquib, LRMDS

Author: Christina T. Tadle 1

School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Earth and Life Sciences, Quarter 1, Week 8B
The Effect of Coastal Processes

Name: __________________________________________Section: ______________________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion and saltwater
intrusions. (MELC S11/12ES-Ih-38)

Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the cause and effect of different coastal processes and hazards.
2. Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion and saltwater
intrusions.

Time Allotment: 1 hour

Key Concepts:
The Coastal Zone is the boundary between land and water. These zones are important for
most of the world’s populace inhabit this zone. Coastal zones are constantly changing due to the
continues interaction between the oceans and land.
A beach is a thin, gently sloping strip of ground that runs along the edge of a body of water,
such as an ocean, a lake, or a river. Beaches are covered in sand, pebbles, boulders, and seashell
fragments.
Coastal processes are actions that occur on a regular basis in the marine ecosystem and are
impacted by the environment.

1. Wave is generated by wind blowing in over the

surface of the ocean. The energy carried by
waves will affect the shape of the coast and the
sediments it brings along the coast. Wave
energy depends on the speed, duration and
fetch of the wind that produce the wave. Wave
can also be produced by low pressure area
(storm surge) and by the movement of the earth Figure 1. Image of a wave.
Source:https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/
surface (tsunami). default/files/styles/article_main_large/publi
c/wave_16x9.jpg?itok=7BGWKukE

2. Tides are the rise and fall of sea level caused by the effects of the gravitational forces of the
moon and sun. Tides are very long-period waves caused by the moon and sun's forces in the
oceans. Tides originate in the sea and migrate to the coast, where they present themselves.
As a result, the water surface rises and falls in a predictable pattern. High tide occurs when
the wave's highest point, or crest, reaches a specific area; low tide happens when the wave's
lowest point, or trough, reaches a specific site. The tidal range is defined as the difference
between high and low tides. The main effect of tides is to alter the shoreline between high and
low tide, as well as to generate tidal currents that flow parallel to the coast or perpendicular to
the coast at tidal inlets and estuaries.

Author: Christina T. Tadle 2

School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
3. Sea level rise is caused by the melting of glaciers and icebergs in the polar regions, resulting
in an increase in ocean water level.
4. Crustal movement is caused by the movement of the oceanic or continental crust of the
Earth.
5. Storm surge is the anomalous rise in seawater level that occurs during a storm and is
measured as the height of the water above the typical projected astronomical tide. Winds from
a storm push water onshore, which causes the surge.

Effects of Coastal Processes

1. Coastal Erosion – is known as the loss of coastal areas owing to the net removal of sediments
or bedrock from the shoreline. It is usually caused by the action of waves and currents. It is
often associated with extreme weather events like coastal storms, storm surge and flooding
and also, from tsunami.
It could either be
• speedy -onset hazard (occurs very quickly, a period of days to weeks)
• a slow-onset hazard (one that develops over a long period of time, such as decades or
centuries)

Figure 2. Image coastal erosion. Figure 3. Diagram of coastal erosion.

Source:https://panorama.solutions/sit Source: https://ozcoasts.org.au/wp-
es/default/files/styles/xlarge/public/e content/uploads/2016/09/beach_dunes
rosion_vietnam.png?itok=DWvrqEyX .gif

Impacts of Coastal Erosion

a. Loss of habitat/beach and landscape quality.
b. Loss of buildings, infrastructure and other facilities.
c. Degradation of coral reefs due to deposition of silt.
d. Increase the frequency of flooding in lowland area.
e. Increased turbidity of water.
2. Saltwater Intrusion is the intrusion of saltwater over freshwater aquifers on the ground. It
usually happens near the coastal area. Aquifer is a subterranean layer of porous sedimentary
rock soaked with ground water.

Impacts of saltwater intrusion

a. It leads to the loss of freshwater vegetation.
b. Introduce salty mudflats into places that were previously vegetated.
c. Reduces the diversity of flora and fauna
d. Salinization of previously fresh rivers which will affect the quality of drinking water and
irrigation.
Author: Christina T. Tadle 3
School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
3. Coastal submersion refers to the
movement of coastal sediments from the
visible portion of
beach to the coast’s underwater nearshore
region.

Impacts of coastal submersion

a. Land loss
b. constant flooding
c. accelerates coastal erosion
d. changes surface drainage patterns.
Figure 4. Coastal Submersion
Source:https://oceanmusic.weebly.com/uploads/5
/9/0/7/59070247/header_images/1452227363.jp

Activity No. 1. The How’s and Why’s of Us!

Objective: 1. Identify the cause and effect of different coastal processes and hazards.
2. Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion and
coastal submersion.
What you need: Pen, paper
What to do: 1. Below are different coastal processes and coastal hazards. Copy the table and
write the cause and effect of each coastal processes/hazards.
2. Answer the guide questions that follow. Write your answer in two sentences in a
separate sheet of paper.

Effects
Coastal processes/ hazards Causes

Example: Wave winds coastal erosion

1. tide

2. crustal movement

3. coastal erosion

4. saltwater intrusion

5. coastal submersion

Guide Questions:
1. How do coastal processes affect the lives of human living near the coast? Far from the coast?
2. How do coastal processes results in different coastal hazards?

Author: Christina T. Tadle 4

School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
 Scoring Rubrics
Score Indicators
5 The discussion is scientifically consistent with strong central idea related
to the topic and provides compelling support to the topic.
4 The discussion is scientifically consistent with strong central idea related
to the topic and provides sensible support to the topic.
3 The discussion is scientifically consistent with a central idea related to the
topic and provide few supports to the topic.
2 The discussion is less scientifically consistent with idea related to the topic.
1 The discussion is not scientifically consistent and does not provide support
related to the topic.

Reflection
1. Which of the concepts listed in the table below (that) interest you the most? The least?

Please put a check (/) on the column that corresponds to your answer.
Concepts Most Interested Least Interested
Coastal Processes
a. tide
b. wave
c. crustal movement
d. sea level change
e. storm surge
Coastal Hazard
a. Coastal erosion
b. Seawater intrusion
c. Coastal submersion

Directions: Write your answer in two sentences only in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Did the activity help you to understand the topic? Yes or No. Why?
2. What is the significance of topic into your life? Why?

References for Learners:

Web Sources:
A.R. Orme. 2013. Treatise on Geomorphology. Accessed on June 18, 2021. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/coastal-process

Marine Geological Survey Division. March 31, 2017. Understanding shoreline changes in
Philippines. Accessed on June 18, 2021. Retrieved from https://mgb.gov.ph/2015-05-13-
02-02-11/mgb-news/503-feature-understanding-shoreline-changes-in-the-philippines

Short, Andrew.(2012) Coastal Processes and Beaches. Nature Education Knowledge. Accessed on
June 19, 2021. Retrieve from https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/coastal
processes-and-beaches-26276621/

Author: Christina T. Tadle 5

School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
Division: Agusan del Sur
E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
 E-mail address: christina.tadle@caraga.deped.gov.ph
Division: Agusan del Sur
School/Station: Bayugan 3 National High School
6 Author: Christina T. Tadle
Guide Questions: (Answers may vary)
1. Coastal processes can affect the lives of people living near the coast by exposing them
to coastal hazards like erosion and submersion. It also affects those living far from the
coast when damage to marine ecosystem occur and scarcity of food supply may
happen.
2. Coastal processes like wave, tide and currents are natural phenomena that occurs in
regular basis. As time goes by, these processes affect the land morphology of the coast
causing it to coastal hazards like erosion and submersion that affects the life of those
living near the coast.
Coastal processes/ Effects
Causes
hazards
Example: Wave winds coastal erosion
1. tide gravity coastal erosion
2. crustal movement tectonic coastal submersion
3. coastal erosion wind, tide flood
4. saltwater intrusion wind, tide scarcity of drinking water
5. coastal submersion erosion, climate change land loss
Answer Key:
452227363.jpg
Source:https://oceanmusic.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/0/7/59070247/header_images/1
Figure 4. Image of coastal submersion
Source: https://ozcoasts.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/beach_dunes.gif
Figure 3. Diagram of coastal erosion.
nam.png?itok=DWvrqEyX
Source:https://panorama.solutions/sites/default/files/styles/xlarge/public/erosion_viet
Figure 2. Image coastal erosion.
/wave_16x9.jpg?itok=7BGWKukE
Source:https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/article_main_large/public
Figure 1. Image of a wave.
Image Sources: