International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)

ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-04, July 2018

Design And Analysis Of Kinematic Cage Wheel

Sundarapalli Eswari1, K.Kiran Kumar2 Dr.Venkata Ramesh Mamilla3
1
M.Tech Student , 2Associate Professor, 3 Professor & Head, 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri
Vasavi Engineering College, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract - Agro-Technology is the process of applying the technology, innovation occurring in daily life and applying
that to the agriculture sector which improves the efficiency of the crop produced and also to develop a better
mechanical machine to help the agriculture field which reduces the amount and time of work spent on crop. Hence in
this work of project we decided to design better mechanical equipment which is helpful for the farmers. This project
consists of the better and modified design of the machine which can be used specifically for rice, wheat. Developed
agriculture needs to find new ways to improve efficiency. One approach is to utilize available information in the form of
better yielding machines for more effective usage of power than in the past. We can now move towards a new
generation of equipment. The advent of autonomous system architecture gives us the opportunity to develop a complete
new range of agricultural equipment based that can do the right thing, in the right place, at the right time in the right
way.

The present study deals with the new design for cage wheels. In present study the structural conventional cage wheel is
replaced by a newly Designed CageWheel having a double piston single cylinder mechanism. But its dimensions,
specifications are made by sticking to the dimensions of conventional cage wheel. This project describes design and
analysis of our newly designed cagewheel mechanism. The dimensions of an existing conventional cage wheels and
Mahindra 475 are taken for reference and evaluation of results.

The numerical analysis is carried via finite element analysis using SolidWorks software. Stresses, deflection and strain
energy results for both conventional and designed cage wheels were obtained. Result shows that, the designed cage
wheels have sufficient strength to withstand fluctuating loads. Unlike conventional cage wheels, it is safe to travel with,
even on high ways.

Keywords – Cage Wheel, structural, load, travel, kinetic.

I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is a critical sector of the Indian economy. In
India around 70% of the population earns its livelihood
from agriculture. It still provides livelihood to the people in
our country. It fulfills the basic need of human beings and
animals. It is an important source of raw material for many
agro based industries. India‟s geographical condition is
unique for agriculture because it provides many favorable
conditions. There are plain areas, fertile soil, long growing
season and wide variation in climatic condition etc. Apart
from unique geographical conditions, India has been
consistently making innovative efforts by using science and
technology to increase production India has three distinct
agricultural/cropping seasons. You might have heard about
kharif, rabi and zaid. In India there are specific crops
grown in these three seasons. For example rice is a kharif
crop whereas wheat is a rabi crop.
(i) Rice: Rice is the most important food crop of India. It is
predominantly a Kharif or summer crop. It covers about
one third of total cultivated area of the country and provides
food to more than half of the Indian population. Maximum
population of India is of rice consumers.
Soil: Rice is grown in varied soil conditions but deep clay
and loamy soil provides the ideal conditions. Rice is
primarily grown in plain areas. It is also grown below sea
level at Kuttinad (Kerala), hill terraces of north eastern part
of India and valleys of Kashmir.
Wheat: Wheat is the second most important food crop of
India next to rice. It is a Rabi or winter crop. It is sown in
the beginning of winter and harvested in the beginning of
summer. Normally (in north India) the sowing of wheat
begins in the month of October-November and harvesting is
done in the month of March-April. This is the staple food of
millions of people particularly in the northern and north-
western regions of India. Unlike rice, wheat is grown
mostly as a rabi or winter crop.
Soil: Although wheat can be grown in a variety of soils but
well drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy soil is best

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 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
suited for wheat cultivation. Plain areas are very well suited
for wheat production.
1.1 CONVENTIONAL CAGE WHEEL
Cage Wheel is a device to increase the traction performance
of a tractor in wet paddy field. Effectiveness of a cage
wheel as a traction aid with driving tires of agricultural
tractors in wet paddy field. The measurements were made
in a wet paddy field in a hardpan 30-40cm deep in which
tractor are not likely to operate without a traction aid.
Figure 1.1 conventional cage wheel
1. 2 KINEMATIC CAGE WHEEL
In this fig1.2.1 the arm links are made to open wide. With
this configurtion of links, pulverisation of soil can be
acieved. Because in this case some of the arm links are
continously in contact with the mud soil. Based on the type
of soil, Nature of soil the links can be made wide to
controll the depth of pulverisation.
Figure 1.2.1 open link cage wheel
Figure 1.2.2 closed link cage wheel
In fig 1.2.2 the arm links are made to close.When the farm
tractor comes on to the roads this arrangement is done.
With this provision, only the Pneumatic tire touches the
ground. So the road is much safer. It is found that the
vehicle could move without any difficulty on the tar and
cement roads.
Tractor cage wheel: Among all these, cage wheel is very
useful equipment for crops like paddy and wheat, for the
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ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-04, July 2018
purpose of wet land cultivation. Tractor Cage Wheel is used
to mix the mud soil properly during the crop plantation. The
Tractor Cage Wheels are made using heavy-duty angle and
iron & steel material. It is suitable for fitting on all types of
tractors due to its design. Like an iron wheel attached to the
tractor rim, the Cage Wheels are also used for destroying
big boulders into small pieces.
1. Calculations: Total weight of the tractor is acted on the
cage wheels as well as on front pneumatic tires. So, based
on the position of centre of gravity, we can find out how
much weight acts on each cage wheel. The central concept
in tractor stability/instability is Center of Gravity (CG). A
tractors CG is the point where all parts balance one another.
The top view of tractor is as shown in the figure. The
outline of tractor is a trapezoid.
Based on the given dimensions location of centre of gravity
can be find out as below.
Centroid = (x, y)
A1Y1+A2Y 2
y=
A1+A2
= 97.72 cm
So the centre of gravity lies at 97.72 cm from the rear axle.
Total weight of tractor is 2 tons, i.e. 19620N.But the load
acting on half side becomes 9810N. Now, we are concerned
to find the weight acting on each cage wheel. We can
assume a simply supported beam.
97.72 cm
9810N
202 cm
Rear axle (Rr) Front axle(Rf)
Taking Moment acting about ( R f ),
(Rr*202) - (9810*97.72) = 0
Rr=4745.71N
So, each wheel experiences 2372 N
This results in approximately 30 percent of the tractor
weight on the front axle, and 70 percent on the rear axle. .
Added weights also effect the CG.
Torque calculations:
Driving torque helps the cage wheel to go forward, while
reaction torque acts on cage wheel itself, causing to reduce
© 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-04, July 2018

its performance. The direction in which the reaction torque

acts is exactly opposite to the direction of driving torque. Name Type Min Max
We need to calculate that reaction torque.
Displacement1 URES: 0 mm 2.09143
The reaction torque can be calculated as follows, Resultant Node: mm
Reaction torque=Frictional force*radius of central ring Displacement 574 Node:
19631
But frictional force arise here is due to the weight acting
on the cage wheels,
So reaction force Rn can be taken as the weight acting on
the cage wheel.
i.e. Rn=4745.71 N
Frictional force=µ*Rn
=0.3*4745.71 {µ=0.3, Rn=4745.71 N}
=1423.713 N
Frictional torque (T) = Frictional force* radius of central
ring
nag-Torque 1-Displacement-Displacement1
=1423.713*0.56
=79.7279 N-m
Frictional torque T=79.7279 N-m Name Type Min Max
Strain1 ESTRN: 1.07843e- 0.000344764
Max.torque = (Pmax*60)/(2*π*Nmin)
Equivalent 007 Element:
= (29.8*10^3*60)/(2*π*1980) Strain Element: 8269
4150
=143.79 N-m

Maximum torque = 143.79N-m

Reaction torque = Maximum torque - Frictional torque

=64.0621N-m

II. ANALYSIS
Analysis part includes Studying material properties, Study
properties. applying pressure, Meshing. Values of loads and
torque , obtained from the calculation's part, are applied on
the assembly of both the modellings . Same material is used
nag-Torque 1-Strain-Strain1
for both the models.

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: 14602.3 1.36272e+008
von N/m^2 N/m^2
Mises Node: 9075 Node: 15611
Stress

Assem KKK-Study 1-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

nag-Torque 1-Stress-Stress1

3 | IJREAMV04I0440001 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0453 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.

 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-04, July 2018

Stress1 VON: von 12.3758 9.66574e+008

-
Mises Stress N/m^2 N/m^2 4. Yield strength 2.75×108 N/m2
Node: Node: 10688
27109 5. Structure Structural type -

Max 6. Material used Malleable Cast iron -

Name Type Min
Displacement1 URES: 0 mm 41.6586
Resultant Node: mm FOR KINEMATIC CAGE WHEEL
Displacement 1771 Node:
43087 Min Max
Stress
12.3758N/m2 9.66574×108 N/m2
Min Max
Strain
6.4871×1011 0.00281638

Displacement 0 41.6586mm

-
Yield strength 2.75×108 N/m2

Structure Kinematic type -

Material used Malleable Cast iron -

Assem KKK-Study 1-Displacement-Displacement1

IV. COMPARISION
Name Type Min Max
 Structure
Strain1 ESTRN: 6.4871e- 0.00281638
Equivalent 011 Element: 5468
Strain Element:
20735

Assem KKK-Study 1-Strain-Strain1 Conventional Cage Wheel

Designed Cage Wheel
III. RESULTS
 Conventional cage wheel is a structure.
FOR CONVENTIONAL CAGE WHEEL Designed cage wheel is a kinematic linkage.
 In conventional cage wheel, there is no relative
Max
Min motion between the elements.
1. Stress 1.3672e+008
14602.3N/m2 In designed cage wheel, there is relative motion
N/m2
between the elements depends on state of soil.
Min Max  In conventional cage wheel, the angle between two
2. Strain
1.07843e-007 0.00034474 fixed elements „θ‟ is constant.
In designed cage wheel, the angle „θ‟ is varies
3. Displacement 0 2.09143 based on the condition.
 The conventional cage wheel is subjected to point
load.

4 | IJREAMV04I0440001 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0453 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.

 International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
The kinematic cage wheel converts point load into
uniformly distributed load by using „θ‟.
 Conventional cage wheels damage roads because
of point loads.
Kinematic wheels produce less damage to the
roads.
V. CONCLUSION
The 3-D modeling of both conventional cage wheels and
designed cage wheels is done and analyzed a comparative
study has been made respect to Deflection, strain energy,
stresses and yield strength.
The cage wheels have been designed are more suitable for
Indian roads because it reduces the damage of roads by
changing the angular position of links (90≤θ≤180). On the
condition of soil we can convert the point load into
uniformly distributed load. The mode of operation is very
simple. Finally it can be conclude that our designed
hydraulically operated kinematic cage wheel is
advantageous over the existing cage wheel. By changing
the shape of the arm links, it can also be used for grass
cutting and Land leveling.
But the initial cost of this equipment is very high as there
are two hydraulic cylinders used. However, 50%
government subsidy is available for our half Cage Wheel as
it causes no damage to roads. Farmers can get the same
subsidy as our design also helpful without causing damage.
Finally we can conclude that, kinematic cage wheel offers
better operating conditions when compared to conventional
cage wheel. By varying angles of links by using double
piston hydraulic cylinder arrangement in cage wheel the
damage of roads is reduced.
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ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-04, July 2018
[2] WC Harshman, AM Yoder, JW Hilton and DJ
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