 Creams are defines as “a semisolid dosage

form containing one or more drug substances

dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base”

 Creams are semi-solid emulsions of oil and

water.

 They are of a softer consistency & lighter

body than true ointment.

 semisolid emulsions of either O/W or W/O

type.
 Oil in Water (O/W) Cream

 Water in Oil (W/O) Cream

 oil-in-water (O/W) creams which are composed of small
droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous phase.

 More comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are

less greasy and more easily washed off using water.

 Emulsifying agents of natural origins (bees wax, wool

alcohols, wool fat).

 Emollient and creamy, white or translucent and stiff.

 E.g. Vanishing Cream

 water-in-oil (W/O) creams which are composed of
small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous
oily phase.

 More difficult to handle but many drugs which are

incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will
be released more readily from a W/O cream than
an O/W cream.

 More moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier

which reduces water loss from the stratum
corneum, the outermost layer of the skin.

 e.g. Cold Cream

COSMETIC CREAMS
 All purpose cream, baby cream, barrier cream,
bleaching cream, cleansing cream, cold cream,
hair cream, hand cream, vanishing cream.

MEDICATED CREAMS
Medicated creams are contains active
pharmaceutical ingredients.

 e.g. Cetrimide cream used as antiseptic.

Zinc oxide cream used as astringent.
Hydrocortisone cream - treat rashes
 Preparation of the oil phase: Flake/powder ingredients,
sometimes dry blended in advance, are dispersed into
mineral oil or silicone oil. Heating may be required to
melt some ingredients.

 Hydration of aqueous phase ingredients: Emulsifiers,

thickeners and stabilizers are dispersed into water in a
separate vessel. Heating may be required to accelerate
hydration.

 Forming the Emulsion: The two phases are blended under

vigorous agitation to form the emulsion.

 Dispersion of the Active Ingredient: The active ingredient

often makes up only a small proportion of the
formulation; this must be efficiently dispersed to
maximize yield and product effectiveness.
 They gives prolong contact in their site of
application than any other pharmaceutical semi-
solid dosage forms.
 Injured area can be dried quickly by creams than
other semi-solid preparations.
 Non-irritating when applied to the skin.

 Easily water washable. Easy to wipe away.

 Less greasy compared to ointment.

 Easy to spread on the skin's surface (i.e. easy to

apply).
 Stability is not as good as ointment.

 They are less hydrophobic than other semi-

solid preparation, so risk of contamination is
high than the others.
 It should liquefy at body temperature.

 It should penetrate the epidermis (via natural

opening).

 Its viscosity should be low enough to permit easy

spreading.

 It should be non-toxic.

 It should be non-irritant.

 It should be non-inflammatory.
 pH of the cream
 Viscosity
 Rheological behavioral of the cream
 Determination of type of emulsion
i. Dilution test
ii. Dye solubility test
 The pH of various formulations was determined
by using digital pH meter.

 About 1gm of the cream was weighed and

dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and stored
for two hours.

 The measurement of pH of each formulation was

done in triplicate and average values were
calculated.
 Viscosity of the formulation was determined by
Brookfield Viscometer.
 At 20 rpm at a temperature of 25o C and the
determinations were carried out in triplicate and
the average of three readings was recorded.
 The rheological property was determined to
know the flow behavior of formulation.

 The viscosity at different rpms was measured

using Brookfield viscometer.

 The rheological behavior of the formulation was

studied by taking 100 g of the cream in the
beaker.
 The rate of shear was increased gradually
from minimum to maximum and
corresponding dial reading was noted; then,
the rate of shear was decreased gradually to
the lowest value and the dial reading was
recorded.

 The graph was plotted between percent

torque and viscosity to determine type of
flow.
 Globule size
 Phase separation
 Moisture absorption studies
 Shelf life
 Spreadability
 1 ml of cream was diluted to 10 ml with
glycerin.

 A few drops of this were transferred onto a

glass slide and was focused in a microscope.

 By using eyepiece micrometer, the diameters

of 200 particles were determined randomly.
 The formulated cream was kept intact in a
closed container at 25 - 300C not exposed to
light.

 Phase separation was observed carefully every

24 hrs for 30 days.

 Any change in phase separation was checked.

 About 50 mg of cream was taken on a watch
glass.

 A beaker was taken with full of water and was

kept in a desiccator without adsorbents.

 Watch glass with cream was

introduced into the desiccator.

 It was left for 24 hrs.

 The formulated product was stored in different
temperature conditions like room temperature,
450 C and 550 C to accelerate degradation for
1 month.

 Samples were withdrawn periodically every week

and observed for drug decomposition by taking
the absorbance under UV spectrophotometer.

 From the concentrations, and the temperatures,

the shelf life of the product can be estimated.
Uji daya sebar (5-7 cm)
Krim ditimbang 1g, lalu diletakan di atas plat kaca, biarkan 1 menit,
ukur diamter sebar krim, kemudian ditambah dengan beban 50g,
beban didiamkan selama 1 menit, lalu diukur diameter sebarnya.
Hal tersebut dilakukan sampai didapat diameter sebar yang
konstan

Uji daya lekat (> 4 detik)

Krim ditimbang 1g, lalu dioleskan pada plat kaca dengan luas
2,5cm2. Kedua plat ditempelkan sampai plat menyatu, diletakan
dengan beban seberat 1kg slama 5 menit setelah itu dilepaskan,
lalu diberi beban pelepasan 80g untuk pengujian. Waktu dicatat
sampai kedua plat saling lepas. Replikasi dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali
Terimakasih