18.

2 Update

ANSYS Innovations
Fluids 18.2
 Fluids innovations in ANSYS 18.0

Highlights Innovations by product

• Introducing EnSight • ANSYS Fluent
• Fluids packaging improvements • ANSYS CFX and Turbo Tools
• Cavitation • ANSYS Chemkin-Pro, Energico and
Reaction Workbench
• Adjoint solver
• ANSYS Forte
• PUMA – Polyhedral Unstructured
Mesh Adaption • ANSYS FENSAP-ICE
• Deforming plastic fans
• Product improvement program

2 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Analyze, visualize and communicate your simulation
data with EnSight
• More than just photo realistic
images
• Make decisions more quickly and
with more confidence
• Integrate multiple views showing
different variables, graphs and more
into a powerful single window to
simplify and speed understanding
− Previously involved jumping between
multiple windows and tabs ANSYS Fluent coupled with EDEM, Courtesy of Astec
• EnSight post processing now Learn more at:
available from ANSYS https://www.ensight.com/

3 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 More value added to Fluids product bundles
ANSYS CFD Premium ANSYS CFD Premium ANSYS CFD ANSYS CFD ANSYS CFD PrepPost
Solver Enterprise Solver Enterprise
Fluent Solver - General CFD
Included Included Included Included
CFX Solver - General CFD and Turbomachinery
Included Included Included Included
AIM Pro Solver - General CFD and Multiphysics
Included Included
AIM Pro PrepPost Included
Included
FENSAP-ICE - In Flight Icing
Included Included
Forte - IC Engine Combustion
Included Included
Model Fuel Library – Accurate combustion
Included Included
mechanisms for use in Fluent, Forte
Polyflow - CFD for polymer, glass, metals and
Included Included
cement processing
SpaceClaim Direct Modeler
Included Included Included
Preprocessing
Included Included Included
Meshing, Post Processing - ANSYS Meshing,
Included Included Included
Fluent Meshing, ICEM CFD, OptiGrid, CFD Post
DesignXplorer - Parameter Optimization Included
Included Included
ANSYS Customization Suite - Create, share and
Included Included
sell simulation apps
Simplorer Entry - Systems Simulation
Included Included
High Performance Computing – Included cores
4 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 4 Cores 4 Cores
ANSYS Confidential 4 Cores 4 Cores
Multiphysics bundles are updated to include CFD Enterprise

• ANSYS Mechanical CFD

• ANSYS Mechanical CFD Maxwell 3D

• 4 HPC applies only to the CFD Enterprise

applications
– Mechanical will continue to access only 2 HPC
 Fluent 18.2: Predicts cavitation to Identify operating
limits of high pressure pumps / fuel injectors

• Avoiding cavitation is critical for pumps, fuel

injectors and other applications. Need to define
operating limits and prevent premature damage
• ANSYS Fluent includes new models for accurate
cavitation where multiple fluids and non-
condensing gases are present
− Incorporate multiple cavitation mechanisms in a single
simulation.
− Account for non-condensable gases in liquid and their
effect on cavitation using interphase species mass
transfer models.

6 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Fluent 18.2: Optimize designs much faster with Adjoint
solver (including rotating machinery and heat exchangers)

• Adjoint Solver replaces time consuming trial and

error to automatically optimize geometries
• New capabilities allow engineers to optimize a
greatly expanded range of problems including
rotating machinery and heat exchangers
− Support for rotating reference frames
− Cylindrical deformation regions
− Conjugate heat transfer
• Enables Fluent users to optimize designs much, much
faster through intelligent guidance

7 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Fluent 18.2: PUMA speeds up high quality free surface
flow and combustion simulations

Capturing the fine details in free surface flows

and combustion simulations requires an
extremely fine mesh that can result in a long
solve times.
• ANSYS Fluent PUMA (polyhedral unstructured
mesh adaptation) provides high accuracy
without the long wait
• Automatically refines the mesh to resolve fine
details while leaving coarser mesh in place
elsewhere

8 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

Fluent 18.2: Simulate performance and durability of
deforming plastic fans
• Plastic cooling fans used in automotive and other
applications save cost & weight but are prone fail
due to deformation
• New Fluent-Mechanical system coupling
accurately evaluates performance and durability
‒ Structural simulation performed on a
stationary mesh (with Rotational Velocity)
applied
‒ Fluids simulation performed on a rotating
mesh accounting for non-axisymmetry
• Also applicable to other rotating machinery
Help us make more informed decisions through the
ANSYS Product Improvement Program

Available in ANSYS Fluent and CFX

• Single opt in/out covers all ANSYS products
‒ Disabled by default
‒ Panel will open automatically from any UI if an explicit
selection hasn’t been made
‒ Panel can be re-opened from product help menus
• Data allows us to make more informed decisions
• No identifying information is collected
‒ Nothing about the company, user, etc.
• No sensitive information is collected
‒ No object names
‒ No expression values
• Your data will contribute to statistical information
about usage patterns, systems, feature usage, etc.
‒ Let the data speak for you!
• See documentation for additional details
ANSYS Fluent
 ANSYS Fluent – Integrated workflow
Directly import CAD into Fluent
(1) Fluent: import CAD

(5) Fluent: results and graphics

(2) Fluent: create flow volume

(3) Fluent: create mesh

(4) Fluent: setup model and solve

12 © 2017 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

Cavitation in open channel marine applications

• Modeling cavitation is important to Example: Cavitating hydrofoil

predict performance of marine
equipment like hydrofoils, propellers,
etc.
• Typically 2-layer open channel Water-Air
conditions are imposed for the free
surface
• New capability allows 3-phase flows
including cavitation with open
Vapor
channel boundary conditions
Accurately predict cavitation in high pressure
devices with non-condensable gases
Mass Fraction : Water-vapor in Gas-Mixture
• To accurately model performance and durability in high-
pressure injectors and pumps, the combined effects of
cavitation and so-called “gaseous cavitation” must be
accounted for
• In Fluent 18.2 combined modeling of cavitation and
non-condensable gas effects is possible

Mass Fraction : Air in Gas-Mixture

Evaluate wide array of fuel composition effects
Fuel Class Component
Hydrogen Hydrogen

• Laminar flame speed data to be used in

n-hexadecane
n-tetradecane
n-dodecane
n-decane
n-nonane

partially premixed model for a wide array Normal Alkanes n-heptane

n-hexane1
n-pentane1

of fuels
n-butane
Propane
Ethane
Methane
Heptamethylnonane

• Sourced form ANSYS Model Fuels Library

i-dodecane
i-octane
Iso-Alkanes i-hexane
i-pentane
i-butane

‒ Established state-of-the-art for laminar Toluene

n-propylbenzene

flame-speed prediction
n-butylbenzene
Ethylbenzene
1-Ring Aromatics o-xylene
m-xylene

‒ Well validated chemical kinetics 2-Ring Aromatics

p-xylene
1,2,4-trimethyl benzene
1-methylnaphthalene

• Components available to represent

Cyclohexane
Cyclo-Alkanes / Methylcyclohexane
Cyclopentadiene
Naphthenes Decalin
Ethylene

‒ Jet fuel / fischer tropsch 1,3-butadiene

Propene
Allene
Olefins / 2-methyl-2-butene

‒ Natural gas / synthetic gas Alkenes 1-hexene

2-hexene
3-hexene

‒ Bio fuels / biodiesels

1-pentene
2-pentene
Carbon Monoxide
Methanol

‒ Gasoline Oxygenated fuels

Ethanol
n-Butanol
Tetrahydrofuran
ETFE (ethyltetrahydro furfuryl ether)

‒ Diesel / heavy fuel oil Methyl butanoate

Methyl crotonate
DME (dimethyl ether)
Additives MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether)
Acetylene
Alkynes Propyne
More efficient CAD import workflow

• Rearranged options in the Import CAD

Geometry and CAD Options dialog boxes for New Defaults
easier access Units: mm
• Tessellation options are now available in CFD Surface Mesh
the Import CAD Geometry dialog box Curvature + Edge proximity
• For import using the CFD Surface
Mesh option, specify proximity size functions
scoped to faces or faces and edges
• Enabling the Auto-Create Scoped
Sizing option will automatically create
scoped sizing controls based on the defined
parameters
• New corresponding TUI command
/file/import/cad-geometry
Mapped mesh interface creation
• Specify that interfaces created using the
Auto-Pairing functionality should be Mapped
Interfaces
‒ Creates all fluid:solid and solid:solid interfaces
created from selected zones as mapped
‒ Replaces the enforced mapping option which
could only be invoked after interface creation
Injection visualization during setup
• Visualizing injection position and orientation during the model setup
minimizes errors during injection setup
• Supported injection types
 Single
 Group
 All cone injection types
 All atomizer injection types
• Visualizations are automatically drawn when editing injection
definitions.
• Examples next slide
 Injection visualization examples

Single Injection Group Injection Hollow Cone Injection

Air-Blast Atomizer Flat-Fan Atomizer Multiple Injections in Spray Tower

Not supported:
• Visualization of injection position and orientation based on transient profiles
• Visualization of injection position and orientation based on initialization UDF (DEFINE_DPM_INJECTION_INIT)
• Injection visualization will reflect the settings given in the Point Properties tab of the Injection Settings panel
Report definition enhancements

• Convergence conditions can be deactivated / activated

‒ Easily indicate whether a given convergence condition should be
• Generic force report definition type introduced in addition to
drag, lift, and moment report definitions
Single-sided prism growth
• Automotive drag prediction and
other applications need highly
refined prism layers only on one side
of a surface (the external flow
surface) Prisms on External Surface Only
• Disabling “Grow on both sides of
baffles” option allows single-sided
prism growth (in direction of outward
normal) Fluid zone

Wall Boundary
Fluent Meshing memory / performance improvements

• Poly meshing improvements result in peak memory

reduction of 5-10%
• Re-triangulation process improvements speed up
meshing up to 45%
• Up to 40% peak memory reduction when writing the
mesh file in distributed parallel mode
Turbulence and acoustics

• Overset mesh now supports BSL and SST k-w

models
• Additional post processing fields
‒ Lambda2
‒ time derivative of pressure (dp/dt) helps to
visualize acoustic pressure field
• Area weighted averages of SPL on selectable
surfaces
• dB maps on sliding mesh zones.
• Bar diagram for SPL in Acoustic Sources FFT
panel
Cavitation with multiple mass-transfer mechanisms
Demonstration case: Mixture of two liquids with different vapor pressures
Liquid-1 (25%): Vapor pressure = 3540 Pa Liquid-2 (75%): Vapor pressure = 10000
Pa

Liquid-2
Liquid-1 volume fraction
volume fraction

Vapor-1 Vapor-2
volume fraction volume fraction
 Phase Specific Equations
Multiphase numerics improvements Eulerian Multiphase:
• Momentum
Consistency in volume fraction cut-off: • Energy
Volume fraction may lie between 0 and 1, but phase specific equations are solved • Turbulence
above a minimum volume fraction cut-off • Species
Issues Resolved • UDS
- Inconsistency in volume fraction cut-off for UDS/Species equations Mixture Multiphase/VOF:
- Removing hard-coded cut-offs (For mixture multiphase) • UDS
• Species
- Unified controls across multiphase models
VOF model did not have consistency
- Removal of local cut-off specification (duplicated code) from several functions issues.

Solution of Species Equation (Using Eulerian Multiphase)

Initial condition : R18.1 and

before R18.2
Volume fraction
= 2e-8 (> 1e-8)
Mass Fraction =
0.1
Automatic numerical seeding for cavitation model
Numerical seeding was required to initiate heat and mass
transfer in case of zero initial area density
In ANSYS 18.2:
- Seeding now automatically performed for
Initial Conditions: cavitation model
Volume Fraction = 1 - No user intervention required
Area Density = 0

No seed Seeding
- No mass transfer - Triggers mass transfer
Multi-fluid VOF speed up using NITA
NITA can be used effectively with explicit formulation of Multi-Fluid VOF
Up to 3.5X speed up compared with Iterative method!
NITA ITA

Solver Time (s) NITA ITA

(1000 time-steps)

Bubble Rise in Slurry 1512 5687

(Multi-Fluid VOF, >3.5X speedup
Granular, 3-Phase Flow) using NITA!

NITA ITA
Solver Time (s) NITA ITA
(1000 time-steps)

Dam Break with 260 321

Obstacle
(Multi-Fluid VOF)
Multiphase mass transfer convergence improvements
- Previously, mass-transfer linearization would occur even when mass transfer was not
initiated, leading to slow convergence
- Improved linearization behavior improves convergence rate

Example: Cavitation case without onset of cavitation zero mass transfer rate

18.1 - Heavy linearization prevents solution from 18.2 - Improved behavior yields good solution in
converging even after 2000 iterations only 400 iterations.
Additional multiphase improvements

• All combinations of slip velocity specification work

correctly for mass flow inlet boundary condition
• Previously, an incorrect formulation was used if
secondary phase slip velocity specification method
differed between phases
• Removed equilibrium model for species mass transfer
• Existing cases using the equilibrium model will be
converted the more accurate and robust two-
resistance model
Selective catalytic reduction thermolysis model for droplet /
multicomponent particles

• Thermolysis model added as a material property,

• Calculates mass transfer of the vaporizing species from the
droplet to the bulk phase
• Typical application: urea decomposition in selective catalytic
reduction (SCR) systems
‒ Single-rate thermolysis model for the urea liquid component in the
urea-water particle mixture.
Expanded chemistry solver speed-up
Combine dynamic cell clustering (DCC) with ISAT acceleration
methods using Chemkin-CFD solver
− Up to 70% time savings while maintaining accuracy when used in
combination
− DCC better for larger cell counts, less stratification
− ISAT better for larger number of iterations

Example
comparisons for
Sandia Flame D
Examples: DCC + ISAT with Chemkin CFD
• Small tests cases demonstrate speed-up
• Expect even more speed for larger meshes and longer simulations
Classic Diffusion Flame Sandia Flame D

Baseline Baseline

63%
reduction 75%
DCC + ISAT reduction DCC + ISAT

Temperature contours Temperature contours

Number of cells: 9600 Number of cells: 16590
Number of iterations: 5000 Number of iterations: 5000
Tests here use GRI mech (53 species)
for the chemistry
Scalar transport available for emissions with FGM
FR FGM FR FGM
(table) (UDS)
• FGM tables for chemical species solutions can sometimes
lead to unphysical results for trace species
• Scalar transport equation improves results for one or a few
trace chemical species, such as NO or CO
− Scalar transport method is based on scale separation
− Scalar equation acts like a new progress variable for the selected
scalar
− FGM Tables must include the source terms for the selected
scalars
• Improves emissions predictions
− Especially for species whose timescale differs from the
representative timescale
− Captures the slow evolution of NO NO Fraction
Sandia Flame D
2-D RANS
FGM closure = Finite Rate
Contact resistance included in electric potential models

• Real electrical conduction paths typically include non-zero

contact resistances between
• Now in ANSYS 18.2:
‒ Specify the contact resistance at one-sided walls and at two-sided
internal walls
‒ Fix a value of potential and specify a potential source in a zone
Improved handling of contact points 18.1

• Contact points are nodes that

are incorrectly shared by
coincident uncoupled walls
• Previously these could result in
unphysical results with shell Negative Temperatures
conduction 18.2
• In 18.2, contact point handling
has been improved to avoid
unphysical results
Exit-corrected mass flow boundary condition

• ECMF condition adjusts the mass flow rate to total conditions

at outlet
‒ Use primarily for turbomachinery applications
• Single consistent boundary condition all the way from choked
flow to stall conditions
• Behaves like a mass-flow outlet as the operating point
approaches stall, and like a pressure-outlet as operating point
approaches choke conditions
Pressure outlet profile scaling

• For pressure outlets, specify a

factor by which the gauge pressure
will be multiplied
• Enables easy scaling of an input
profile or UDF
‒ For example, when creating a
performance map of a turbomachine
at different mass flow rates
• Profile multiplier is available as an
input parameter
Adjoint solver improvements

• All pressure discretization schemes are now available for computing adjoint solutions
‒ Using corresponding adjoint discretization is not strictly necessary, but can provide greater
accuracy
• Select isosurfaces and/or clipped surfaces when defining a surface-integral observable
• Calculate nodal sensitivities on a non-conformal interface to potentially improve
design results such as optimal displacement and morphing
‒ To revert to the old implementation: (rpsetvar 'adjoint/exclude-sliding-
boundary-sensitivity? #t)
• Improved formulations may yield more accurate results for:
‒ Second-order energy equation implementation (used when the second-order momentum
scheme is chosen in the adjoint solver)
‒ k-ω model
‒ k-ε model (all near-wall treatments except for user-defined wall functions are now supported)
Other solver enhancements

• Solution stabilization can now be applied for all types of dynamic mesh
boundary zones.
‒ Most commonly needed for rigid-body, 6DOF, and system coupling types
• For mixture multiphase simulations run in double-precision, specify
the minimum volume fraction for matrix solution limit (in the solution
limits dialog box) for solving phase-specific equations such as species and UDS
• Variable time step formulation for second order transient schemes
‒ Optional formulation that supports robust changes in time step or 1st / 2nd order during
solution
/solve/set/second-order-time-options
Full support of particle tracks in scene objects
Change in serial implementation
• Parallel-like architecture by default in serial sessions (separate host and node
processes). This is the same as starting Fluent as a single-process parallel
session ( -t1 on command line).
• Allows access to many capabilities previously available only in parallel (e.g.
HDF5 file format)
• UDF Handling now automatically handles many UDFs which have not been
serialized (e.g. looping macros, etc.)
• Some UDF’s which are not parallelized will generate warnings during
compilation that these functions should be enclosed in appropriate Host /
Node directives. Refer to UDF documentation for details.
• Known limitations not currently available in –t1 Serial
‒ Export of Stl files in Meshing Model
‒ Hidden / legacy meshing export options “(ti-export…)”
• Previous Serial architecture can be accessed for now by starting Fluent with
Parallel, “0” processes (-t0 on command line)
Versioning of TUI files

• Reduce the migration burden of updating TUI Journals with a

new command that tells Fluent what version the journal is
from and read it appropriately
• Initially, only “18.1” is supported. Future versions will retain
compatibility for several past releases. (e.g., 19.0 will support
“18.1” and “18.2”)
• Journal “Translation” can be accomplished by using set-tui-
version and turning on journal recording
ANSYS CFX and Turbo Tools
18.2 CFX Release Highlights
• Turbo Tools
• Improved meshing robustness for
CAD fillets in TurboGrid
• Further TurboGrid performance gains
through multithreading
• CFX TBR
• Aeromechanics
• Blended Mesh Motion as default for
TBR
• Released Mixing-Plane Total Pressure
option for fixed and variable gas
mixtures
• CFX General
• SST Turbulence model with wall
roughness
1 Expressions and object names will not be collected.
• Updated Windows HPC job
submission script
• Workbench Add-in
• Restart failed run from backup
• Copy current results/backup to new
Solution cell
• Other
• Perl updated to v5.9.5 due to security
vulnerability
• CFX-RIF removed due to openSSL
security vulnerability
• CFX data included in ANSYS Product
Improvement Program
• Anonymous, sanitized1 usage
information collected
“Solution” cell options

• Copy results to a new Solution

• Creates an independent copy
• Use for initialization
• Comparison
• Archive
• Backup file handling
• Improved handling of failures
• Finds the most recent “full” or “essential”
backup or transient file
• Copy Backup to new Solution
• Good for recovering from or diagnosing solver
failures
• Diagnose
• Use to initialize modified setup
• View and decide what to do
• Resume from backup
• Good for recovering from a system failure
Actually use your backup!

• Add-in finds the most recent

“full” or “essential” backup or
transient file
• Copy Backup to new Solution
• Keep for later
• View and decide what to do
ANSYS Chemkin-Pro, Energico,
and Reaction Workbench
 Chemkin-Pro /Energico / Reaction Workbench –
What’s new in ANSYS 18.2
• Enable inclusion of real-gas compression effects for all
Chemkin reactor models
− Extension of capability introduced in 18.1
− Added a real-gas version of the built-in C2_NOx chemistry set
• Added flexibility for certain Chemkin reactor models
• Performance improvement for smaller chemistry sets
• New options for Reaction Workbench
− Property Estimator for critical properties needed by the real-gas option for
Chemkin reactor models (including Energico reactor-network models)
− New Mechanism Reduction option based on Path Flux Analysis (PFA)

49 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Real-gas equation of state (EoS) for Chemkin-Pro
• Now available with all non-plasma reactor models
− Excluding LPCVD (low-pressure CVD) reactor model
• Includes the following (cubic) EoS Options:
− Van der Waals or VDW
− Redlich-Kwong (RK)
− Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK)
− Aungier-Redlich-Kwong (ARK)
− Peng-Robinson (PR)
𝑅𝑇 𝑎
𝑃= − 2
𝑉 − 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑉 + 𝑢𝑏𝑉 + 𝑤𝑏 2
• Includes two non-linear mixing-rule options
− Van der Waals (allows usage with partial data)
− Pseudocritical Mixing Rule (requires data for all gas-phase species)

50 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Effect of real-gas compression in example shock
simulation

• Pressure vs. time behind a

reflected shock in a shock-
tube
− Comparing ideal gas with Soave-
Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EoS

• Faster pressure rise with real-

gas effect included

Premixed N2O / Ar mixture (0.01/0.99 molar ratio)

Conditions after the shock: T =2290,  = 0.000159 g/cm3

51 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Other Chemkin capabilities provide added flexibility
• Planar shear-flow reactor model
− Allow user-specification of the inlet cross-sectional area, which is used to
determine reported mass fluxes

• Transient CVD reactor model

− Allow reaction-rate sensitivity analysis for surface chemistry

52 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Performance Improvements
• Solver speed-up, especially for smaller reaction-mechanism sizes
− No loss or compromise in accuracy

Example: Methane flame extinction

17-species methane/air mechanism

Example: 18 Flame-speed
calculations, using the
parameter-study option;
46-species propane/air
mechanism

53 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Reaction Workbench: new property-estimation utility

• Estimate critical properties of species

− Essential input for the real-gas equation of state
− Output formatted for direct use as Chemkin mechanism input

54 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Validation of the critical properties confirms good
predictions for variety of hydrocarbons
Critical properties and Chemkin Reaction
accentric factor data * Workbench Estimated Difference in estimation
Compound Tc (K) Pc (bar) Vc (cm3/mol) Omega Tc Pc Vc Omega Tc Pc Vc Omega
C2H6 305.4 48.8 148.3 0.099 302.4 50.3 147.5 0.1 -1% 3% -1% 1%
C2H2 308.3 61.4 112.7 0.19 367.3 61.6 109.5 0.1 19% 0% -3% -47%
C2H4 282.4 50.4 130.4 0.089 387.2 52.7 129.5 0.1 37% 5% -1% 12%
CH3OH 512.6 80.9 118 0.556 512.5 67 110.5 0.5 0% -17% -6% -10%
C2H5OH 513.9 61.4 167.1 0.644 513.9 57.6 166.5 0.6 0% -6% 0% -7%
CH3OCH3 400 52.4 178 0.2 407.1 49.1 165.5 0.2 2% -6% -7% 0%
C2H5CHO 508.1 47 209 0.304 489.2 48.8 220.5 0.3 -4% 4% 6% -1%
C3H6 364.9 46 181 0.144 427.3 46.7 184.5 0.2 17% 2% 2% 39%
C3H8 369.8 42.5 203 0.153 368.4 44.1 203.5 0.2 0% 4% 0% 31%
C4H8-1 419.6 40.2 240 0.191 452.3 41.1 240.5 0.2 8% 2% 0% 5%
nC4H10 425.2 38 255 0.199 425.1 39 259.5 0.2 0% 3% 2% 1%
C5H10-1 464.8 35.3 300 0.233 464.8 36.5 296.5 0.2 0% 3% -1% -14%
nC5H12 469.7 33.7 304 0.251 469.7 34.7 315.5 0.3 0% 3% 4% 20%
nC6H14 507.5 30.1 370 0.299 507.6 31.1 371.5 0.3 0% 3% 0% 0%
Cyclohexane 553.5 40.7 308 0.212 553.8 41.3 305.5 0.2 0% 1% -1% -6%
MCH 572.2 34.7 368 0.236 572.1 35.2 360.5 0.2 0% 1% -2% -15%
Toluene 591.8 41 316 0.263 591.8 44.9 360.5 0.3 0% 10% 14% 14%
o-xylene 630.3 37.3 369 0.31 630.3 38 415.5 0.3 0% 2% 13% -3%
iso-Octane 544 25.7 468 0.303 543.8 26.1 466.5 0.3 0% 2% 0% -1%
n-Propylbenzene 638.2 32 440 0.344 638.4 35.2 472.5 0.4 0% 10% 7% 16%
AMN 772 36 462 0.31 773 37.8 532.5 0.4 0% 5% 15% 29%
n-Decane 617.7 21.2 603 0.489 617.7 21.1 595.5 0.5 0% 0% -1% 2%
n-Dodecane 658.2 18.2 713 0.575 658 17.8 707.5 0.6 0% -2% -1% 4%
n-Hexadecane 722 14.1 n/a 0.742 723 13.2 931.5 0.7 0% -6% -6%

* Data from Reid et al. on The Properties of Gases and Liquids (1987) 4th ed.
55 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential
 Reaction Workbench: new mechanism-reduction
option
• Path flux analysis (PFA) method *
− Recommended for use on smaller mechanisms (< 800 species)
− Adds flexibility to achieve small / accurate mechanisms
− May be used in tandem with existing DRG/DRGEP/SA methods
− Provides reduction based on higher order of flux analysis than DRG or DRGEP
• More accurate reduced mechanism

M1
M2
A B
M3
X

* Sun et al. Comb. Flame, 157: 1298-1307, 2010

56 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Combining PFA method with existing methods in
Reaction Workbench leads to smaller reduced
mechanisms
• Test case: n-Heptane mechanism reduction for engine applications
− Using published LLNL mechanism: 654 species, 2827 reactions
− Application range: 750-1800K, 50 atm, equivalence ratio 1-3
− 10% target accuracy for autoignition, CO, and acetylene

Method(s) Reduced mechanism

#species
DRG 215
PFA 334
DRG followed by PFA 201
PFA followed by DRG 212

57 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

ANSYS Forte
 Forte
What’s new in ANSYS 18.2

• New utility for adjusting the valve lift profile for better accuracy
• Added flow diagnostics to facilitate scavenging calculations
• More accurate flame speeds using the flame speed library
− Including more fuel components
• New spray initialization option
• New solution adaptive mesh (SAM) control
• Performance improvements

59 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 New Utility to auto-adjust Valve Lift Profiles
• Enable practical valve-lift threshold, while Match area
minimizing error in trapped mass under curve;
A1 = A2
• Add “feet” to the valve-lift profile that:
− Uses the specified valve-lift threshold
− Adjusts the profile feet to compensate for the area
under the profile curve beyond the threshold

60 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Added flow diagnostics
• Track the instantaneous and accumulated mass flow
• Output automatically to flow_into_cylinder.csv for monitoring

Accumulated
Accumulated
flow from
flow from Example
Exhaust Port
Intake Port metrics for
a 2-stroke
engine

Flow rate from Flow rate from

Exhaust Port Intake Port

61 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Extended the Flame Speed Library (FSL)
• Flame speed library gives access to fuel-composition effects on
flame propagation, for spark-ignited engine simulations
− On-the-fly blending based on local stratification and non-linear mixing rules
• Added fuel component tables:
− ethylene, acetylene, propene, allene, propyne, 1,3-butadiene, n-nonane, iso-
dodecane, cyclohexane, n-butylbenzene

• Extended all tables in the flame speed library:

− Covering wider range of conditions
− More resolution of table entries
• Better accuracy for the flame-speed lookup algorithm

62 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Expanded table range broadens applicability
of flame speed library
• Table is: f (temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio, EGR)
• Expanded range for temperature and pressure:
− Temperature: covers 300-1200 K (previously 500-1000 K)
− Pressure: covers 1-150 bar (previously 10-90 bar)

• Range covered now

Parameter Range
Equivalence ratio 0.3-2
EGR Rate (%) 0-40
Pressure (bar) 1-150
Temperature (K) 300-1200

63 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Expanded table resolution improves flame speed
library accuracy
• Tables use ANSYS Chemkin-Pro simulation and latest ANSYS Model Fuel Library
− More table resolution in all dimensions and all fuels
• 27500 flame speed values per fuel (previously 2700)
− Example shows 2-D representation of resolution for T, P
Current (R18.2) Previous (R18.1)
Temperatur
e

Pressure

64 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Improved accuracy in flame speed library table
lookup / resolution
• Example for low-pressure, lean fuel-air mixture conditions
− ANSYS Chemkin-Pro results are the baseline (Labeled “CKPRO”)
• These are the values that populate the tables
− Improved multi-dimensional look-up algorithm (“New”) gives more reliable
results as phi, Temperature are varied, compared to 18.1 (“Old”)

Methane / Air at 1 atm

Temperature varies as
Equivalence ratio increase

65 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 New Spray Initialization Option
• Specify droplet size distribution using Log-normal PDF:
1 ln𝐷 − 𝑀 2
𝑓 𝐷 = 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −
𝑠 2𝜋𝐷 2𝑠 2
− 𝐷: droplet diameter; 𝑀 and 𝑠: parameters of normal distribution

2
(𝜇) where 𝜇: = 𝑒 𝑀+𝑠 2

2 2
(σ/𝜇) where σ ∶= 𝑒 2𝑀+𝑠 𝑒 𝑠 − 1

Comparison of typical Log-normal distribution to the existing Rosin-Rammler distribution:

An example of log-normal An example of Rosin-

distribution, with mean Rammler distribution, with
droplet diameter being 9.35 SMD (D32) being 20 μm
μm and std. dev. 7.56 μm

66 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 New solution adaptive mesh (SAM) refinement control
• Allow direct use of G value for refinement around flame front
− Assures mesh refinement stays ahead of flame
− Reduces mesh sensitivity for Spark Ignited Engine simulations

Flame propagation in a constant-volume chamber

Stoichiometric propane/air mixture at 10 atm

Mesh refinement criteria based

on absolute range of G value

Flame front Refinement front coincides

with flame front

67 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Continued Improvements to performance
• Chemistry and meshing speed-up
• Reduction in peak memory usage and turn-around time

Example:
~10M cell Motored
Engine Case

68 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

ANSYS FENSAP-ICE
 EID streamlines icing analysis

• Direct use of ANSYS CFD turbo flow solutions with

adiabatic walls for icing calculations applying with
extended icing Data (EID) model
− No need for supplementary flow solutions with isothermal walls
− Avoid unphysical crystal melting and droplet evaporation near
surfaces
• Significant speed-up of all EID calculations Example application of turbofan engine icing
analysis through multiple blade rows

Benefits:
• Streamlined workflow for icing of engines and other
bladed rotating components
• Improved efficiency of unique EID capability to simulate Beak ice in 3D calculated with EID
beak ice formation
70 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential
 FENSAP-ICE post-processing in CFD-Post

• Native support of FENSAP-ICE mesh and results

− Automatic handling of simulations with multiple
domains or solution steps
• Can be customized via View Setup File (*.fsp)
Benefit:
• Unified fluids post-processing
• Full CFD-Post functionality for FENSAP-ICE
results
− Graphics, expressions, reports, case comparison, …

71 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 High Roughness in CFX

• New “High Roughness” model added in CFX Roughness = 0.5 [mm] Roughness = 1.75 [mm]
− Equivalent to existing roughness model in FENSAP (& Fluent)
− Applicable for large roughness relative to near-wall mesh
• Typical in icing simulations with fully-resolved boundary layer 𝒒

• Accuracy and consistency of wall shear and heat flux

− Basis for subsequent impingement and accretion predictions chord chord
NACA0012 test case showing expected increase in total
Benefit: and peak heat transfer with roughness, and
comparison between FENSAP (black), CFX default
(blue) and CFX with Blended Near Wall Treatment (red)
• Can use CFX as air flow solver for both rime and glaze icing Note: basic validation indicates most consistent
simulations in concert with FENSAP-ICE impingement, ice results with very high roughness values can be
obtained with the CFX “Blended Near Wall
accretion, anti-icing and de-icing calculations Treatment (Beta)” feature enabled for turbulence

72 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 FENSAP-ICE

• Weak form exit pressure BC  exposure in GUI

− Allow exit pressure to vary locally
− Available only for subsonic outlets
• Control of number of energy iterations in a time step
Tip Clearance
− “Advanced” solver option
− Can help convergence if increased to 2 on difficult cases
• Automatic 2D periodicity definition when converting
from Fluent
− Ensure optimal solver efficiency for cases where periodicity
definition is not included in mesh

73 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

 Workbench integration

• ICEM CFD meshing connections to FENSAP-ICE

systems supported for full meshing flexibility
• Ability to connect FENSAP-ICE workbench
systems to CFD-Post "Result" components
using native format
− Connect multiple systems  comparisons, etc.

74 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. August 25, 2017 ANSYS Confidential

© 2017 ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS Confidential