St. Joseph College- Olongapo City Inc.

College Department
B.S CRIMINOLOGY
10 Fountain St. East Bajac- Bajac Olongapo City, Philippines 220

Forensic chemistry & toxicology

“BOMB”
BOHOLST, JEWERLY MAE
CORPUZ, ACE
FERRER, MELITON
MORTEGA DAVE
PADILLA, JOHN KEVIN
TENA, JON BREXCEL
Bomb
 A container filled with explosive, incendiary material, smoke, gas, or other
destructive substance, designed to explode on impact or when detonated by a time
mechanism, remote-control device, or lit fuse.

  To attack or destroy with explosives, bomb is something that has the potential to
explode. An example of a bomb is a stick of dynamite with a timer set to ignite it.

Robert Oppenheimer

Robert Oppenheimer, “father of the

atomic bomb.” On July 16, 1945, in a remote
desert location near Alamogordo, New Mexico, the
first atomic bomb was successfully detonated the
Trinity Test. It created an enormous mushroom
cloud some 40,000 feet high and ushered in the
Atomic Age.

The typical conventional bomb is a streamlined cylinder

that consists of five major parts: an outer casing, the inner
explosive material, devices such as fins to stabilize the
bomb in flight, one or more fuses to ignite the bomb's main
charge, and a mechanism for arming the fuse or preparing it
to explode.

The outer case - is most commonly made of metal

and has a point at its tip, or nose. The explosive charge in
most conventional bombs usually consists of TNT, RDX,
ammonium nitrate, or other high explosives in combination
with each other. The bomb case consists of wire wound
around an explosive charge.

Inner explosive materials - Improvised explosive

device (IED), a homemade bomb, constructed from military or nonmilitary components
that is frequently employed by guerrillas, insurgents, and other no state actors as a
crude but effective weapon against a conventional military force.

Fins to stabilizer - An armament crew attaches fins to bombs prior to loading

them onto a United States Air Force B-29, one of the most efficient bombers used in
World War II. Fins stabilize bombs in flight, making it possible to aim them with a higher
degree of accuracy.
 Fuses of the bomb - Proximity fuse, also called VT Fuse, or Influence Fuse, an
explosive ignition device used in bombs, artillery shells, and mines. The fuse senses
when a target is close enough to be damaged or destroyed by the weapon's explosion.

Arming the fuse - The blasting safety fuse, employed to fire an explosive from a
distance or after a delay, is a hollow cord filled with a mixture resembling black powder
and designed to propagate burning at a slow and steady rate. The far end of the fuse is
usually embedded in the explosive charge. Fuse carries a total of four cluster charges
with each holding five. Wimal’s Mag-NET, like the Active Defense Systems, can also
intercept the Cluster Charges, but only up to four. However, because of how they work,
they will only redirect each sub grenade rather than destroy them.

This is a list of the types of bombs.

Aerial bomb

A type of explosive or incendiary weapon intended to travel through the air on a

predictable trajectory, usually designed to be dropped from an aircraft.

Delay-action bomb

An aerial bomb designed to explode sometime after impact, with the bomb's
fuses set to delay the explosion for times ranging from very brief to several weeks.

Glide bomb or stand-off bomb

A standoff weapon with flight control surfaces to give it a flatter, gliding flight path
than that of a conventional bomb without such surfaces.

Incendiary bomb - Incendiary bombs are designed to set targets ablaze.

Cluster bomb munition

A form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or

ejects smaller sub munitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive
bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles.

Bunker buster

A type of munition that is designed to penetrate hardened targets or targets

buried deep underground, such as military bunkers.

Concrete bomb
 A concrete bomb is an aerial bomb which contains dense, inert material (typically
concrete, hence the name) instead of explosive. The target is destroyed using the
kinetic energy of the falling bomb.

Inert bomb

A one whose inner energetic material has been removed or otherwise rendered
harmless. Inert munitions are used in military and naval training, and they are also
collected and displayed by public museums, or by private parties.

Type of Bombs

United
Barnes Wallis
Kingdom

C4 1956

Electromagnetic
1962
bomb

General-purpose
bomb

Glide bomb

Guided bomb

Improvised
explosive device

Laser guided
bomb
Nail bomb 1970 America

Napalm bomb

Nuclear bomb 1945 America

Pipe bomb

United
Smoke bomb 1848
Kingdom

Suicide
bomb or suicide
bomber

Thermometric
bomb

Time bomb

October
Tsar Bomba Russia
1961

Unguided bomb

"High capacity" bomb

Blockbuster United
for maximum blast
bomb Kingdom
effect

A car fuel tank is

Car bomb
detonated
 A nuclear bomb
designed to spread as
Cobalt bomb
much radiation around
as possible

A nuclear weapon
designed to destroy
Neutron bomb with lethal radiation
while not damaging
structures.

Commonly known
Trinitrotoluene 1863 Julius Wilbrand German
as TNT

FOAB Father of All Bombs 2007 Russian

Barrel bomb Improvised aerial bomb 1948 Israel

Improvised incendiary
Molotov cocktail grenade often made in
a beer bottle

MOAB Mother of All Bombs. American

Nuclear bomb designed

Suitcase bomb 1950s
to fit inside a suitcase.

Outlawed in 164 Ming

Land mine
nations. Dynasty

Over a hundred nations

outlaw them now. The
Cluster bomb Germany
first one was Butterfly
Bomb
 scatters radioactive
Dirty bomb
material

second-generation nucl
ear weapon
design using non- Edward
Hydrogen bomb fissile depleted 1952 Teller and Stanislaw American
uranium to create Ulam
a nuclear
fusion reaction

Skips across water;

designed to attack April
Bouncing bomb
German dams in World 1942
War II

Stink bombs range in

effectiveness from
simple pranks to
Stink bomb 1943
military grade or riot
control chemical
agents.

The first type

Bunker buster 1942 August Cönders Germany
were Röchling shell

the pressure of the

Pressure cooker
pressure cooker places
bomb
high explosive power

Used for creating

BLU-82 clearings in forested
areas

Categories: 
 Bombs
 The Rizal Day bombings

The Rizal Day bombings also referred to as the December 30 bombings, were a

series of bombings that occurred around Metro Manila in the Philippines on December
30, 2000. The explosions occurred within a span of a few hours. They caused 22
fatalities and around 100 non-fatal injuries.

The blasts occurred during a national holiday in the Philippines, where December
30 is known as Rizal Day, commemorating the martyrdom of the country's national
hero, José Rizal.

Blast locations (Locations of places that were bombed)

- Plaza Ferguson

- Makati gas station

- Bus plying EDSA

- NAIA cargo terminal

- Blumentritt LRT station

 Five locations were bombed almost simultaneously within the span of an hour. All
of the locations were situated within Metro Manila on the island of Luzon.

A bomb exploded at Plaza Ferguson in Malate, Manila, less than a hundred meters from
the United States Embassy.

Another detonated at a gasoline station just outside the Makati central business district.

The site was along EDSA, across the street from the Dusit Hotel in Makati. Two
members of the local police bomb squad, died as a result.

The cargo handling area of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) was also
targeted with at least one explosive device.

Another device was detonated inside a bus traveling along the Epifanio de los Santos
Avenue (EDSA). The bomb exploded while the bus was in the Cubao area of Quezon
City. One passenger was killed while several others were injured.

The explosion that claimed the most casualties occurred in a train cab at the Blumentritt
station of the LRT Line 1 in Santa Cruz, Manila.

Type of explosive employed

The Philippine National Police identified the bombs as comprising one-

kilogram black-powder, detonated using timing devices In addition; confessions by the
convicted perpetrators describe the bombs as made of ammonium nitrate-based
explosives. Most of the components, such as blasting caps and detonation cords, were
discovered to have come from the city of Talisay in the southern province of Cebu. The
town is known for the production of blasting caps used in illegal fishing.

Perpetrators

Initially, various Islamic groups were

suspected of the bombings, including
the Jemaah Islamiyah, the Moro Islamic
Liberation Front, and the Moro National
Liberation Front.

In September 2003, almost three years

after the incident, the case remained unsolved
for which the authorities responsible were berated by then-senate president Franklin
Drilon.
 In May 2003, Saifullah Yunos (a.k.a. Mukhlis Yunos), a suspect in the bombings,
was arrested in the southern city of Cagayan de Oro as he was about to board a plane
to Manila. Police were alerted to the suspect when he failed to explain bandages on his
face and arms. A month later, he confessed to a level of involvement in the bombings. A
member of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front's special operations group, he was
charged with multiple murders and attempted murders for his role in the bombings.

In the following years, several members of the Jemaah Islamiyah were arrested for their
suspected involvement in the bombings. In 2004, two Muslim men, Mamasao Naga
(a.k.a. Zainal Paks) and Abdul Pata (a.k.a. Mohamad Amir) were arrested by Philippine
armed forces in Marawi City. They were supposedly identified by Fathur Rahman Al-
Ghozi, a known member of the Jemaah Islamiyah, as the ones responsible for the LRT-
1 train cab bombing.

The MILF and the MNLF were later cleared by the Philippine National Police of any
involvement in the attacks.

Fathur Rahman Al-Ghozi, an Indonesian national and member of the known terrorist

group Jemaah Islamiyah, was convicted and sentenced to 17 years in prison for illegal
possession of explosives in relation to the Rizal Day bombing incidents. In July 2003,
Al-Ghozi, along with several other accomplices, escaped from their holding cell at Camp
Crame. Al-Ghozi was later killed in a firefight with Philippine authorities on October 13,
2003.

On January 23, 2009, the three Rizal Day bombers, Mukhlis Hadji Yunos, Abdul Fatak
Paute, and Mamasao Naga, were sentenced by the Manila Regional Trial Court Branch
29, under Judge Cielito Mendaro-Grulla, for up to 20 years in imprisonment for multiple
murders and multiple attempted murders.

Aftermath

In December 2006, almost six years after the bombings, Metro Manila police went on
heightened alert due to bomb scares and the prospect of follow-up attacks on the
anniversary of the bombings. The AFP followed suit days after, deploying numerous
bomb squads and medical teams to both Fort Bonifacio and Luneta. In addition, the
PNP's Explosives and Ordnance Division and SWAT deployed teams to LRT-1 stations
along Taft Avenue, near one of the original bombing sites.