University of Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department

Power & HV Laboratory

Laboratory for 4th Year Students
First Term

EXP No (3)

Title:A-Starting Up the Power Station Simulator

B-Fault Annunciator System
EXP Date: 2021 / 2 / 25
Team Names:
1. ‫اشرف رحيم كاظم‬.
‫محافظات‬
Instructor Name:Amro Emad
1. Objective

Experience talks about how to operate the power station and to become
familiar with the operation of the fault annunciator system.

Part 1: the power plant consists of (boiler, turbine, generator) operating the
boiler. The boiler turns the water into superheated dry air in order to spin
the turbine. We start a turbine at a speed of 1500rev/min. The motor is
connected to the generator via shaft. The generator gives a voltage of 220V,
but in steam stations the generator gives a voltage of 11.5kv. The station
consists of a transformer. We use a transformer stepping up the voltage to
raise the voltage and reduce the current. We turn the voltage into a voltage of
132kv. We connect the voltage to bus bar A. Turn on the isolator 1A. We do
synchronization.We run the Circuit -breaker. We connect bus-bar A to the
national network by lines L1 and L2. When we connect bus-barA with the
national network we do synchronization and circuit-breaker.

Part 2: We connect bus bar A and bus bar B in the event of a problem on bus
bar A. We switch on bus bar in order to switch to bus bar B. We do
synchronization, operate bus-bar A, We connect isolator 1A, We connect bus-
bar B.

Synchronization Conditions :

1. The Line voltage of both supplies must be equal in magnitude.

2. Both supplies must have the same phase sequence.

3. Both supplies must have the same frequency.

4. There must be zero phase angle between them.

2. Equipment and components used

 ● Turbine
● Generator
● Boiler
● Transformer
● High voltage switchigear
● Circuit breakers
● Isolators
● Two outgoing lines
● Bus bar A
● Bus bar B
● Automatic relays
● Control units
● Battery charger
● Measurement units

3. Procedures

1. We start up the simulator after making the preparatory checks and

following up the diagrams given in figs, 1 & 2.

2. We set the "static" to 1, voltage regulation to "AUT" and slowly increase

the generator voltage to 220V and generator speed to 1500 rev/min.

3. We check that the voltage on bus-bar A is zero.

4. We energize bus-bar A from the generating set by means of isolator 1A and

circuit-breaker CB1, and check that the voltage in bus bar A is 380V and the
frequency is 50 Hz.

5. We check that the voltage on lines LI and L2 is zero.

6. We energize LI by means of isolator 3A, CB3 and isolator 3L.

7.We energize line L2 in a similar way as in (6).

8. We transfer the station operation from bus-bar A to bus-bar B (the supply
to LI and L2 should not interrupted).

9. We increase the voltage at the generator terminals gradually.

10. We connect a load to line LI and slowly increase the load current.

11. We stop the generating set as described in fig. 1 and open all circuit-
breakers and isolators.

12. We trip the miniature circuit-breaker(MCBS)for the DC supply in cubicle

K1.

13. Acknowledge the alarm and close the (MCBS).

14.We trip the (MCBS) for AC supply in cubicle K1.

15. Acknowledge the alarm and close the (MCBS).

16. Simulate an earth fault on the generator field winding. Acknowledge the
alarm.

4. Block Diagram or Circuit Diagram

Fig1: Schematic circuit diagram of the simulator model.

 Fig.2: The control room section.

7. Conclusions and Discussions

1. Why are certain operations blocked by isolators?

The isolator is a disconnecting switch being operated at the time when the
current is not flowing through the power system. Both the open and close
operations of the isolator are done when the current is not flowing through the
circuit. The isolator is needed in power system to disconnect the circuit
breaker from the circuit at the time of scheduled maintenance and to
disconnect the circuit breaker from the circuit at time of repair. These are
essentially off load devices although they are capable of dealing with small
charging currents of bus bars and connections. The design of isolators is
closely related to the design of substations. Isolator design is considered in the
following aspects:
● Space Factor
● Insulation Security
● Standardisation
● Ease of Maintenance
● Cost

2. The generating set lines L1 and L2 are connected to bus-bar A. L2 is

supplied from a powerful system and L1 is supplying an important industrial
plant. A fault is detected in CB1; preventing the circuit from opening, explain
how the voltage at CB1 can be reduced to zero, so that repair can be carried
out, without interrupting the supply to the important industrial plant.
As shown in figure 1 if any fault happened in CB1 we can reduced its voltage
to zero by first connecting the industrial plant L1 by using the isolator 13B to
busbar B then connect the (I2A and 12B) then we use CB2 to connect busbar
A and B together after making the synchronization operation then the
powerful system supply L2 is connected to busbar B through the isolators
(14B) and we can easily disconnect the L1 and L2 from the busbar A by using
(I4A and 13A) so the industrial plant will supplied from the powerful system
through busbar B and the generator supplied through busbar A and by
disconnected the CB2 then the isolators (12A and 12B), the voltage in busbar
A will be zero so as the CB1 because there is no demand and supply connected
to busbar A.

3. What are the possible consequences of failure of the entire DC supply

system in the station?

In case of the DC supply failure all the component that's mainly depends on
the DC current will stop working such as automatic relays, circuit breakers,
control units, battery charger, measurement units and the main problem is
the supply of the excitation current that the whole generators depends on, also
the motors that using electric artificial magnetic which needs to DC current to
operate will be stopped

4. Give an example of faults that require giving a signal only.

It is not practical to design and build electrical equipment or networks so as to

completely eliminate the possibility of failure in service. It is therefore an
everyday fact of life that different types of faults occur on electrical systems,
however infrequently, and at random locations. Some types of faults are not
real faults (passive faults) in the true sense of the word but are rather
conditions that are stressing the system beyond its design capacity, so that
ultimately active faults will occur.
Typical examples are:
● Overloading - leading to overheating of insulation (deteriorating
quality, reduced life and ultimate failure).
● Over voltage - stressing the insulation beyond its limits.
● Under frequency - causing plant to bchave incorrectly.
● Power swings - generators going out-of-step or synchronism with cach
other.
It is therefore very necessary to protect against these conditions simply by
giving signal only.