JHS

ELECTIVE MATHEMATICS 10
PRECALCULUS
Segment Division
First Quarter - Module 4

https://www.stockunlimited.com/vector-illustration/precalculus-concept_2004114.html

Muntinlupa Science High School

999 Buendia St., Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 85199770
 This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you recall all about division of line segment and extending this line segment.
In this module, we have to work with coordinate system and gain skills in
producing the coordinates of terminal points of line segments and check this
division by applying the distance formula. So, after going through this
module, you are expected to:
1. to determine the coordinates of a point that divides a line segment
joining two points into several parts; and
2. to find the coordinate of a point that lie outside the line segment,
where the ratio of the length of a point from both the lines segments
are a particular ratio.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
1. A diameter of a circle has the extreme points (7, 9) and (-1, -3). What
would be the co-ordinates of the center?
a. ሺ1,1ሻ b. ሺ2,2ሻ c. ሺ3,3ሻ d. ሺ4,4ሻ
2. A point divides internally the line- segment joining the points ሺ8,9ሻ and
ሺ−7,4ሻ in the ratio 2 : 3. Find the co-ordinates of the point.
a. ሺ2,7ሻ b. ሺ−2, −7ሻ c. ሺ2,8ሻ d. ሺ−2,8ሻ
3. Point A ሺ4,5ሻ and point B ሺ7, −1ሻ are two given points and the point C
divides the line segment AB externally in the ratio 4 : 3. Find the
coordinates of point C.
a. ሺ15, −17ሻ b. ሺ16, −19ሻ c. ሺ15, −18ሻ d. ሺ16, −20ሻ
4. Find the ratio in which the line-segment joining the points (5, - 4) and
(2, 3) is divided by the x-axis.
a. 1: 2 b. 3: 2 c. 3: 4 d. 4: 3
5. Find the ratio in which the point (- 11, 16) divides the line segment
joining the points (- 1, 2) and (4, - 5).
a. 1: 2 b. 3: 2 c. 3: 4 d. 4: 3
6. Given point A ሺ−3,1ሻ and point Bሺ3, −6ሻ, what are the coordinates of 𝑃,
between A and B, which internally divides line segment AB in the ratio
1:2?
4 3 4 3
a. ቀ−1, 3ቁ b. ቀ−1, 4ቁ c. ቀ−1, − 3ቁ d. ቀ−1, − 4ቁ
7. Given point A ሺ−3,6ሻ, what are the coordinates of B if point P ሺ−2,4ሻ
divides line segment AB in the ratio of 1:3?
a. ሺ2,1ሻ b. ሺ−1, −2ሻ c. ሺ−2, −1ሻ d. ሺ1, −2ሻ

2
 8. Given point A ሺ−2, −1ሻ and point B ሺ4,11ሻ, point P internally divides the
തതതത
line segment AB in the ratio a:b. If P is the intersection point of 𝐴𝐵
and the y-axis, what is the 𝑎 + 𝑏 ?
2 2

a. 5 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9
9. Find the ratio in which the point (5,4) divides the line joining points
(2,1) and 7,6).
a. 2: 3 b. 3: 2 c. 3: 4 d. 4: 3
10. Find the coordinates of point P which divides the line segment form
by joining point A ሺ−3, −7ሻ and point B ሺ−1, −4ሻ externally in the
ration 4:3.
a. ሺ5,5ሻ b. ሺ−5, −5ሻ c. ሺ5,12ሻ d. ሺ7,10ሻ

Given two points 𝐴, 𝐵 in the plane, it is clearly possible to create a number

line on AB with a real number (ruler postulate).
3
2
1
0 B Line AB with the equal length interval with endpoints
-1 labelled from –1 to 2. Points A and B are labelled.
-2
A Figure 4.1: the Ruler Postulate

There are (infinitely) many ways in which this can be done since there are
infinite sets of real numbers, but it turns out not to be particularly useful for
geometrical purposes.

On the other hand, in the following diagrams, we can say that the point P
divides the line segment formed by joining point A and point B in the ratio 1:1,
where P is the midpoint of A and B.
തതതത is equal to 𝑃𝐵
The length of 𝐴𝑃 തതതത then we
A P B
can say that
𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵 = 1: 1 (ratio of their lengths)
Figure 4.2
or
𝐴𝑃: 𝐴𝐵 = 1: 2

Here

A P B
If the length of തതതത
𝐴𝑃 is 10 units and the length
തതതത is 15 units then we can say that
of 𝑃𝐵
𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵 = 10: 15 or 2:3 (ratio of their lengths)
Figure 4.3 or
𝐴𝑃: 𝐴𝐵 = 10: 25 or 2:5

3
 Remember the midpoint formula, that if P is the midpoint of points of
A and B then the ratio AP:PB is 1:1.
y-axis Bሺ𝑥2, 𝑦2 ሻ
𝑦2 If point A has coordinates ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ and point
\\
B has coordinates of ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ, it is easy to
P see, using either congruence or similarity
𝑦
among triangles, that the midpoint P of AB
\\
Aሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
is ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = ቀ 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 ቁ
𝑦1
D E

O F G H
𝑥1 𝑥 𝑥2
Figure 4.4
x-axis
Proof:

In this manner, the we divide the segment internally by two. Using similarity
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐷 𝑥−𝑥1
among triangles, ∆𝑃𝐴𝐷 ≈ ∆𝐵𝐴𝐸 so = = =1
𝑃𝐵 𝐷𝐸 𝑥2−𝑥
𝑥−𝑥1
Thus 𝑥2−𝑥
=1 The 1 here is the ratio of the
portions of the two equal
𝑥 − 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 segments which is actually 1:1.
2𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥1
𝑥 +𝑥
Which will give 𝑥 = 12 2

𝐴𝑃 𝑦−𝑦1
Similarly, along with the y-axis, 𝑃𝐵
=𝑦 =1
2 −𝑦
So 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑦2 − 𝑦
2𝑦 = 𝑦2 + 𝑦1
𝑦 +𝑦
Which will give us 𝑦 = 12 2
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
This is the reason why the midpoint formula is ቀ , ቁ
2 2

A point on the line segment divides it into two parts which may equal
or not. The ratio in which the point divides the given line segment can be
found if we know the coordinates of that point. Also, it is possible to find the
point of division if we know the ratio in which the line segment joining two
points has given. These two things can be achieved with the help of a section
formula in coordinate geometry.

4
 LESSON PROPER

To set this things, the directed line segment from ሺ1,3ሻ to ሺ4,8ሻ is
extended its own length. If we are looking for the terminal point ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ, we will
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
use the midpoint formula, that is ቀ 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 ቁ, will give us
𝑥+1
= 4, with 𝑥 = 7
2
𝑦+3
And = 8, with 𝑦 = 13.
2

Which it follows that the terminal point is ሺ7,13ሻ.

Suppose if we will trisect the segment joining the points 𝑀ሺ1,3ሻ to 𝑅ሺ4,8ሻ,
how we will find the terminal points S and T just like in the illustration
below 𝑇 𝑅ሺ4,8ሻ
\\
𝑆 \\
\\ Figure 4.5: Trisecting a Segment
𝑀ሺ1,3ሻ

Note: 𝑀𝑆 = 𝑆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑅, the number of portions is 3.

The illustration is the way we divide a line segment. To define this

division of segment, let 𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ be a point in the straight line through 𝑃1 ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ
and 𝑃2 ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ. If the segments 𝑃1 𝑃, 𝑃𝑃2 such that
𝑃1 𝑃 𝑟1
=
𝑃𝑃2 𝑟2
The point 𝑃 is said to divide the segment 𝑃1 𝑃2 in the ratio 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 –
internally if 𝑃 lies in the segment 𝑃1 𝑃2 , externally if 𝑃 lies in the segment 𝑃1 𝑃2
produced in either direction. See illustration below:

𝑃2 ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ 𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ 𝑃2 ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ

𝑃1 ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ 𝑃1 ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ

A B C A B C

Figure 4.6: Division of Segment Internally Figure 4.7: Division of Segment Externally

5
If the division of the segment 𝑃1 𝑃2 is internal, as in figure 4.6, then
𝑃1 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 𝑟1 𝑥 − 𝑥1
= = =
𝑃𝑃2 𝐵𝐶 𝑟2 𝑥2 − 𝑥
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑟1
=
𝑥2 − 𝑥 𝑟2
𝑟2 ሺ𝑥 − 𝑥1 ሻ = 𝑟1 ሺ𝑥2 − 𝑥 ሻ
𝑟2 𝑥 − 𝑟2 𝑥1 = 𝑟1 𝑥2 − 𝑟1 𝑥
Solve 𝑥 𝑟2 𝑥 + 𝑟1 𝑥 = 𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2
𝑥ሺ𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ሻ = 𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2
𝑟2 𝑥1 +𝑟1 𝑥2
Then 𝑥= ሺ𝑟1 +𝑟2 ሻ

𝑟2 𝑦1 +𝑟1 𝑦2
The formula for y is derived similarly, thus 𝑦 = ሺ𝑟1+𝑟2 ሻ
.

𝑟2 𝑥1 +𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 +𝑟1 𝑦2
So the coordinates of 𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ is ቀ , ቁ.
𝑟1 +𝑟2 𝑟1 +𝑟2

Let us try this using the previous problem on midpoint: given the points
𝑷𝟏 𝑷 𝑷𝟐 𝑃1 ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ and 𝑃2 ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ, and midpoint
𝑟 1
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ with 𝑟1 = 1.
2
Figure 4.8
For 𝑟1 = 1 and 𝑟2 = 1,
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 2

𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 ሺ1ሻ𝑥1 + ሺ1ሻ𝑥2 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
𝑥= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 1+1 2
𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2 ሺ1ሻ𝑦1 + ሺ1ሻ𝑦2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
and 𝑦= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 1+1 2
Example (a): The segment joining 𝑃1 ሺ1,3ሻ and 𝑃2 ሺ5, −2ሻ is trisected
find the point of trisection nearer to 𝑃1 .

The point near 𝑃1 is 𝑃

There are three equal segments it suggests
that the number of portions is also the
same.
If 𝑟1 is the number of portions taken by
segment 𝑃1 𝑃 and 𝑟2 is the number of
portions taken by the segment 𝑃𝑃2 then
𝑟1 = 1
𝑟2 = 2
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 3

6
Solution:
Let ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ be the coordinates of P
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑃 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
Let us find x first,
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 2ሺ1ሻ + 1ሺ5ሻ 2 + 5
𝑥= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 3 3
7
𝑥=
3
Then solve for y,
𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2 2ሺ3ሻ + 1ሺ−2ሻ 6 − 2
𝑦= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 3 3
4
𝑦=
3
7 4
Then 𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = ቀ3 , 3 ቁ.

Example (b): find the coordinates of T on the above problem.

Solution:
If 𝑟1 is the number of portions taken by segment 𝑃1 𝑇 and 𝑟2 is the number of
portions taken by the segment 𝑇𝑃2 then
𝑟1 = 2
𝑟2 = 1
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 = 3
Let ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ be the coordinates of T,
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 1ሺ1ሻ + 2ሺ5ሻ 1 + 10
𝑥= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 3 3
11
𝑥=
3
Then solve for y,
𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2 1ሺ3ሻ + 2ሺ−2ሻ 3 − 4
𝑦= = =
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 3 3
1
𝑦=−
3
11 2
Then 𝑇ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = ቀ 3 , 3 ቁ. To check the answer, compute for the lengths of 𝑃1 𝑃, 𝑃𝑇, and 𝑃𝑃2 .
They must be equal in lengths. (√41⁄3 units)

7
Example (c) A point divides internally the line segment joining the points
(8,9) and (-7, 4) in the ratio 2:3. Find the coordinates of the point.

Solution:
Let 𝑟1 be the portions taken by 𝑃1 𝑃
𝑟2 be the portions taken by 𝑃𝑃2
then
𝑟1 = 2
𝑟2 = 3
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑃 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
3ሺ8ሻ + 2ሺ−7ሻ 24 − 14 10
𝑥= = = =2
2+3 5 5
3ሺ9ሻ + 2ሺ4ሻ 27 + 8 35
𝑦= = = =7
2+3 5 5
therefore
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = ሺ2,7ሻ

To check the answer, compute for the lengths of 𝑃 തതതതത തതതതത

1 𝑃 and 𝑃𝑃2 . The ratio between this two must be
2:3. 𝑃1 𝑃 = 2√10 units while 𝑃𝑃2 = 3√10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 the ratio is 2:3.
Note: if you let 𝑃1 ሺ−7,4ሻ and 𝑃2 ሺ8,9ሻ, your 𝑟1 = 3 and 𝑟2 = 2, you will have the same result.

Example (d): The segment from 𝑃1 ሺ5, −4ሻ to 𝑃2 ሺ7, −9ሻ is extended beyond 𝑃2
so that its length is tripled. Find the terminal point 𝑃. See figure 4.11.

Let ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ be the coordinates of point P so

that the length of 𝑃1 𝑃 is three times the
length of 𝑃1 𝑃2 then there will be three
portions
Let 𝑟1 be the portions taken by തതതതത
𝑃1 𝑃 and
തതതതത
𝑟2 be the portions taken by 𝑃𝑃2
From here 𝑟1 is positive since the portion
moves forward and 𝑟2 is negative since the
portion moves backward. (opposite
directions)
𝑟1 = 3
𝑟2 = −2

8
Solution:
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑃 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
−2ሺ5ሻ + 3ሺ7ሻ −10 + 21
𝑥= = = 11
3 + ሺ−2ሻ 1
−2ሺ−4ሻ + 3ሺ−9ሻ 8 − 27
𝑦= = = −19
3 + ሺ−2ሻ 1
Then
𝑃ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑃ሺ11, −19ሻ

To check the answer, compute for the lengths of 𝑃 തതതതതത തതതതത തതതതത
1 𝑃2 and 𝑃1 𝑃, the length of 𝑃1 𝑃 is three times the
length തതതതതത
𝑃1 𝑃2. 𝑃1 𝑃2 = √29 units while 𝑃1 𝑃 = 3√29 units.

Example (e): The segment joining 𝐴ሺ−2,3ሻ and 𝐵ሺ6,1ሻ is extended each way a
distance equal to one-fourth its own length. Find the terminal points. See
figure 4.12.
We need to find the coordinates of 𝑆
and 𝑇 such that:
1
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝑆
4
and
1
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑇
4

Solution:
തതതത is 4 then portions of 𝐴𝑆
Let ሺ𝑎, 𝑏ሻ be the coordinates of 𝑆 then portions of 𝐴𝐵 തതതത
is 5 (forward) then the portion of തതതത
𝑆𝐵 is −1 (moving backward)
So 𝑟1 = 5 and 𝑟2 = −1
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑆 ሺ𝑎, 𝑏ሻ = 𝑆 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
ሺ−1ሻሺ−2ሻ + 5ሺ6ሻ ሺ−1ሻሺ−3ሻ + 5ሺ1ሻ
= 𝑆ቆ , ቇ
5 + ሺ−1ሻ 5 + ሺ−1ሻ
2 + 30 3 + 5
= 𝑆൬ , ൰
4 4
32 8
= 𝑆൬ , ൰
4 4
= 𝑆 ሺ8,2 ሻ

9
Let ሺ𝑒, 𝑓ሻ be the coordinates of 𝑇 then portions of 𝐴𝐵തതതത is 4 then portions of 𝐴𝑇
തതതത
is −1 (backward) then the portion of 𝑇𝐵തതതത is 5 (moving forward)

So 𝑟1 = −1 and 𝑟2 = 5
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑇ሺ𝑒, 𝑓ሻ = 𝑇 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
5ሺ−2ሻ + ሺ−1ሻሺ6ሻ ሺ5ሻሺ−3ሻ + ሺ−1ሻሺ1ሻ
= 𝑇ቆ , ቇ
ሺ−1ሻ + 5 ሺ−1ሻ + 5

−10 − 6 −15 − 1
= 𝑇൬ , ൰
4 4
−16 −16
= 𝑇൬ , ൰
4 4
= 𝑇ሺ−4, −4 ሻ

തതതത , 𝐵𝑆
To check the answer, compute for the lengths of 𝐴𝐵 തതതത, and 𝐴𝑇
തതതത. 𝐴𝐵 = 4√5 units, 𝐵𝑆 = √5 units
1
and 𝐴𝑇 = √5 units. So 4 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝑆 = 𝐴𝑇.

Directions: Read the following problems, illustrate, and then solve. Show
necessary solutions.

1. Find the points of trisection of the line segment joining P(4,- 1) and
B(-2,- 3).
2. Given point A(-3,6), what are the coordinates of B if point C (-2,4)
divides line segment AB internally in the ratio 1:3?
3. Point A (4, 5) and point B (7, - 1) are two given points and the point C
divides the line-segment AB externally in the ratio 4:3. Find the
coordinates of C.
4. Given S(-2,-1) and T(4,11), point R divides the line segment AB in the
തതതത and the y-axis, what is the
ratio 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 . If R is the intersection of 𝐴𝐵
value of 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ?
2 2

5. Find the ratio in which the line-segment joining the points (5, - 4) and
(2, 3) is divided by the x-axis.

In the lesson on division of line-segment students’ need to find the

coordinates of the point dividing the line segment joining two given points in
a given ratio.

10
 Let us recall the formula for finding the co-ordinates of the point
dividing the line segment joining two given points in a given ratio as follows;
Let 𝑃1 ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ and 𝑃2 ሺ𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ሻ be two given points.
𝑟1
(a) If the point 𝑃 divides the line segment 𝑃1 𝑃2 internally in the ratio or
𝑟2
𝑟2 𝑥1 +𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 +𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑟1 : 𝑟2 , then the coordinates of 𝑃 are ቀ , ቁ.
𝑟1 +𝑟2 𝑟1 +𝑟2

𝑟1
(b) If the point P divides the line segment 𝑃1 𝑃2 externally in the ratio or
𝑟2
𝑟2 𝑥1 +𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 +𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑟1 : 𝑟2 , then the coordinates of 𝑃 are ቀ , ቁ, where 𝑟1 or 𝑟2
𝑟1 +𝑟2 𝑟1 +𝑟2
can be either negative or positive, depends on the direction.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Directions: Read the following problems, illustrate, and then solve. Show
necessary solutions

1. Find the coordinates of all the terminal points of the segment

joining the points ሺ−15,4ሻ and ሺ17, −8ሻ divided into 5 equal
segments.
2. Find the co-ordinates of the point which divides the line-segment
joining the, points (x + y, x - y) and (x - y, x + y) internally in the
ratio x : y.
3. In what ratio the segment joining the points (3, 4) and (2, - 3) is
divided by the x-axis ? Also find the ratio in which it is divided by
the y-axis.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
1. Find the ratio in which the point (1, 2) divides the line-segment joining the
points (- 3, 8) and (7, - 7).
a. 2:3 b. 3:2 c. 1:2 d. 2:1
2. Find the ratio in which the point (5, - 20) divides the line-segment joining
the points (4, 7) and (1, - 2).
a. 2:3 b. 3:2 c. 1:2 d. 2:1

11
 3. 𝑃 is a point on the line-segment 𝑆𝑇 such that 𝑆𝑃 = 3𝑃𝑇; if the coordinates of
𝑆 and 𝐵 are ሺ3. −4ሻ and ሺ−5,2ሻ respectively, find the one coordinates of P.
1 1
a. ሺ−3,1ሻ b. ሺ−3,2ሻ c. ቀ−3, 2ቁ d. ቀ−3, − 2ቁ

4. The straight line joining the points (2, - 2) and (4, 6) is extended each way a
distance equal to half its own length. Determine the co-ordinates of the
terminal points.
i. ሺ5,10ሻ ii. ሺ−2,6ሻ iii. ሺ1, −6ሻ
a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i only d. i and iii
5. Find the co-ordinates of the point of trisection of the line-segment joining the
points (- 2, 3) and (3, - 1) that is nearer to (- 2, 3).
1 5 1 5 1 5
a. ቀ− , ቁ b. ሺ3,5ሻ c. ቀ , − ቁ d. ቀ− , − ቁ
3 3 3 3 3 3

6. If the point ሺ0,4ሻ divides the line-segment joining the pointsሺ−4,10ሻ and ሺ2,1ሻ
internally in a definite ratio, find the co-ordinate of the point which divides
the segment externally in the same ratio.
a. ሺ8,8ሻ b. ሺ8, −8ሻ c. ሺ−8,8ሻ d. ሺ−8, −8ሻ

7. The line-segment 𝐶𝐷 is produced to 𝑄 such that 2𝐶𝑄 = 5𝐷𝑄, if the

coordinates of 𝐶 and 𝐷 are ሺ4,7ሻ and ሺ−2,4ሻrespectively, find the coordinates
of 𝑄.
2
a. ሺ6,2ሻ b. ሺ6, −2ሻ c. ቀ−6, 3ቁ d. ሺ−6,2ሻ

8. If the point ሺ6,3ሻ divides the segment of the line from 𝐴ሺ4,5ሻ to 𝐵ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ in the
ratio 2: 5, find the coordinates ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ of B.

a. ሺ10, −2ሻ b. ሺ11,2ሻ c. ሺ11, −2ሻ d. ሺ12, −2ሻ

9. In what ratio the segment joining the points ሺ3,4ሻ and ሺ2, −3ሻ is divided by
the x-axis?

a. 2:3 b. 3:2 c. 1:2 d. 2:1

10. If the ratio 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 is the ratio in which the point ሺ−11,16ሻ divides the line
segment joining the points ሺ−1,2ሻ and ሺ4, −5ሻ, find ሺ𝑟1 +𝑟2 ሻ3 .

a. 5 b. 25 c. 125 d. 25√5

12
 ANSWER KEY

Pretest
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. A
Activities
1. Find the points of trisection of the line segment joining P(4,- 1) and B(-2,- 3).
y-axis
From the problem 𝐵𝑅 = 𝑅𝑆 = 𝑆𝑃
Not to scale
a. Finding coordinates of R
𝑟1 = 1
x-axis
𝑟2 = 2
S 𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
R P 𝑅ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑅 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
B 2ሺ−2ሻ + 1ሺ4ሻ 2ሺ−3ሻ + 1ሺ−1ሻ −4 + 4 −6 − 1
=𝑅ቆ , ቇ = 𝑅൬ , ൰
1+2 1+2 3 3
0 7
= 𝑅൬ ,− ൰
3 3
7
= 𝑅 ൬0, ൰
3

b. Finding the coordinates of S

𝑟1 = 2
𝑟2 = 1
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝑆ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝑆 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
1ሺ−2ሻ + 2ሺ4ሻ 1ሺ−3ሻ + 2ሺ−1ሻ −2 + 8 −3 − 2
= 𝑆ቆ , ቇ = 𝑆൬ , ൰
1+2 1+2 3 3
6 5
= 𝑆൬ ,− ൰
3 3
5
= 𝑆 ൬2, − ൰
3

2. Given point A(-3,6), what are the coordinates of B if point C (-2,4) divides line segment AB
internally in the ratio 1:3?
𝐴𝐶 1
y-axis From the problem = or 3𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 3
A
b. Finding coordinates of B
Not to scale
portion A to B 𝑟1 = 4 (forward)
C portion B to C 𝑟2 = −3 (backward)
x-axis 𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝐵ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝐵 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
−3ሺ−3ሻ + 4ሺ−2ሻ −3ሺ6ሻ + 4ሺ4ሻ 9 − 8 −18 + 16
= 𝐵ቆ , ቇ= 𝐵൬ , ൰
B 4 + ሺ−3ሻ 4 + ሺ−3ሻ 1 1
1 −2
= 𝐵൬ , ൰
1 1
= 𝐵ሺ1, −2ሻ

13
 3. Point A (4, 5) and point B (7, - 1) are two given points and the point C divides the line-
segment AB externally in the ratio 4:3. Find the coordinates of C.
Not to scale y-axis
There are two cases where point C will be placed C
a. Point C is extended beyond point B
𝐴𝐶 4
To satisfy the condition = or 3𝐴𝐵 = 4𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 3 A
Portion of A to C is 4 x-axis
Portion of B to C is 3, therefore
4 B

A B C
-3 C
portion of A to C 𝑟1 = 4 (forward)
portion of C to B 𝑟2 = −3 (backward)
𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝐶ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝐶 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
−3ሺ4ሻ + 4ሺ7ሻ −3ሺ5ሻ + 4ሺ−1ሻ −12 + 28 −15 − 4
= 𝐶ቆ , ቇ= 𝐵൬ , ൰
4 + ሺ−3ሻ 4 + ሺ−3ሻ 1 1
16 −19
= 𝐶൬ , ൰
1 1
= 𝐶ሺ16, −19ሻ

b. Point C is extended beyond point A

𝐵𝐶 4
To satisfy the condition 𝐴𝐶 = 3 or 3𝐵𝐶 = 4𝐴𝐶
Portion of A to C is 3
Portion of B to C is 4, therefore
-4

C 3 A B

portion of A to C 𝑟1 = −4 (backward)
portion of C to B 𝑟2 = 3 (forward)

𝑟2 𝑥1 + 𝑟1 𝑥2 𝑟2 𝑦1 + 𝑟1 𝑦2
𝐶ሺ𝑥, 𝑦ሻ = 𝐶 ൬ , ൰
𝑟1 + 𝑟2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
3ሺ7ሻ + ሺ−4ሻሺ4ሻ 3ሺ−1ሻ + ሺ−4ሻሺ5ሻ 21 − 16 −3 − 20
= 𝐶ቆ , ቇ = 𝐵൬ , ൰
−4 + 3 −4 + 3 −1 −1
5 −23
= 𝐶൬ , ൰
−1 −1
= 𝐶ሺ−5,23ሻ

4. Given S(-2,-1) and T(4,11), point R divides the line segment AB in the ratio 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 . If R is the
തതതത and the y-axis, what is the value of 𝑟1 2 + 𝑟2 2?
intersection of 𝐴𝐵

The problem suggests that the coordinates of 𝑅ሺ0, 𝑎ሻ

y-axis
a. Looking at the figure: ∆𝑆𝑅𝑀 ≈ ∆𝑅𝑇𝐸
Not to scale T Then we can say:
𝑆𝑅 𝑟1 𝑅𝐸
= =
𝑅𝑇 𝑟2 𝑆𝑀
Coordinates of 𝑀 are ሺ0, −1ሻ and coordinates of E are ሺ4, 𝑎ሻ
𝑆𝑀 = 2 units horizontal distance
𝑅𝐸 = 4 units horizontal distance
R E Since
𝑆𝑅 𝑟1 𝑅𝐸 2 1
= = = =
𝑅𝑇 𝑟2 𝑆𝑀 4 2
x-axis Where 𝑟1 = 1 and 𝑟2 = 2, then
S M 𝑟1 2 + 𝑟2 2 = 12 + 22 = 5

14
 5. Find the ratio in which the line-segment joining the points N(5, - 4) and S(2, 3) is divided by
the x-axis.

y-axis Not to scale The problem suggests that the coordinates of 𝐸ሺ𝑎, 0ሻ
a. Looking at the figure: ∆𝑁𝐸𝑇 ≈ ∆𝐸𝑀𝑆
Then we can say:
N 𝑁𝐸 𝑟1 𝑁𝑇
= =
𝐸𝑆 𝑟2 𝐸𝑀
Coordinates of 𝑆 are ሺ5,0ሻ and coordinates of M are ሺ𝑎, 3ሻ
E 𝑁𝑇 = 4 units vertical distance
T x-axis 𝐸𝑀 = 3 units vertical distance
Since
𝑁𝐸 𝑟1 𝑁𝑇 4
M S = = =
𝐸𝑆 𝑟2 𝐸𝑀 3
Then the ratio is 4:3.
Rubric for Additional Activities

Criteria & Rating 5 4 3 2 1

Invalid approach
Approach chosen is Valid approach with Little or no
Valid approach with minor that demonstrates
clearly shown, clearly multiple errors that understanding of
Strategic errors that don’t disrupt little
written & all elements impede how to approach the
Approach (S) understanding. understanding of
are valid. understanding. problem.
the problem.
Appropriate concepts
that are fully At least one
Appropriate concepts
understood Appropriate concepts that concept identified Little or no
identified, but not
Concepts (P) (symmetries, are mostly understood but but unable to understanding of
employed or
conserved quantities, employed with errors. demonstrate physics concepts.
understood.
etc.), clearly stated & understanding.
employed correctly.
Correct starting equations.
All mathematical steps are
Correct starting Correct starting
clearly shown but minor Incorrect equations;
equations; All equations. The Can identify at
errors yield wrong answer demonstrates little
Mathematical mathematical steps mathematical steps least one equation,
OR or no understanding
Impression are clearly shown and are hard to follow but unable to
Correct starting equations of mathematical
(M) they flow easily toward and errors begin to apply them.
with correct final result concepts involved.
the correct answer. impede application.
but the mathematical steps
are hard to follow.
100% correct answer
Correct answer Unable to reach a
– analytically Incorrect answer, but
Answer (A) analytically, but not correct answer on No answer.
numerically & on the right path.
numerically. this path.
conceptually

REFERENCE

Clyde Elton Love, Earl David Rainville (1995) Analytic Geometry Macmillan
https://brilliant.org/wiki/section-formula/
https://www.math-only-math.com/division-of-line-segment.html
http://amsi.org.au/ESA_Senior_Years/SeniorTopic1/1b/1b_2content_3.html#:~:te
xt=External%20division%20of%20an%20interval,outside%20the%20interval%20AB
.&text=ACCB%3D2,in%20the%20ratio%201%3A2.

Author: Paolo D. Bundoc. MT1, LPT

Validator: Chona C. Bundoc, MT1, LPT
Editor/Reviewer: Mary Jane A. Amion, LPT
Submitted to: Emelita D. Bautista, Ed. D.

15