RPH 33127

Cry of Balintawak
or Pugadlawin
Group 3
The Katipunan
"Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan"

Philippine revolutionary society founded by

anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila

Primary goal - Gain independence from

Spain through a revolution
The Katipunan
- organized as early as January 1892
Had a publication entitled Kalayaan
First and last printing 1896
Only men were accepted first, it was only
later that women were also allowed
Revolutionary ideals flourished as well as
Filipino literary works
The Katipunan
founded by:
Andrés Bonifacio
Teodoro Plata
Ladislao Diwa
Deodato Arellano
Valentin Diaz (c)Carlos V. Francisco

José Dizon
The Katipunan
-PROMINENT EVENTS-
Planning for the Revolution
Bonifacio contacted Rizal for full support for the
Katipunan in exchange for the promise to rescue him
from detention
17 February 1872
Martyrdom of GomBurZa
Mariano Gomez
José Burgos
Jacinto Zamora

http://www.jstor.org/stable/42632208. https://kidskonnect.com/history/cry-of-pugad-lawin/
The Katipunan -PROMINENT EVENTS-

August 1896
Bonifacio and his men tore up their
cedulas which started the
Philippine Revolution of 1896

http://www.jstor.org/stable/42632208. https://kidskonnect.com/history/cry-of-pugad-lawin/
Andres Bonifacio
Full name - Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
Birth - November 30,1863
Death – May 10, 1897
President of the Tagalog Republic
Father of the Philippine Revolution
Supremo ng Katipunan
Not the first Supremo
The First Supremo was Deodato
Arellano

http://www.jstor.org/stable/42632208. https://kidskonnect.com/history/cry-of-pugad-lawin/
The Cry of Pugadlawin
Relevant Information
The Beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against the Spanish Empire

At the close of August 1896 the

Katipuneros led by Bonifacio rose up in
revolt somewhere in Caloocan
The Cry of Pugadlawin
Relevant Information
Referred to the first clash of the
Katipuneros and the Guardia Civil

Could also have refereed to the tearing

of the community tax certificates
(cédulas personales)
Definition of the Cry
Translated from Spanish “el grito de
rebelion” or “cry of the rebellion”
“Grito de Balintawak” is comparable to
Mexico’s Grito de Dolores in 1810.
El grito de rebelion refers to a decision or
call to revolt
Does not mean shouting
 Accounts of the Cry

GUILLERMO MASANGKAY PÍO VALENZUELA Y ALEJANDRINO SANTIAGO ALVAREZ

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Guillermo Masangkay
- born on June 25, 1867 in Tondo, Manila
- died on May 30, 1963

- original members of Katipunan

- designated to build KKK in Cavite
- a general in the Philippine- American War

Inquirer Net (2016). Did You Know: Guillermo Masangkay. Retrieved from Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792169/did-you-know-guillermo-masangkay https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak

 Guillermo Masangkay
His accounts contribute to the understanding of the cry of balintawak
and death of Bonifacio:
He said:
- on August 26, a big meeting happened in Balintawak
- at 9 am, on the same date, the meeting started with Andres
Bonifacio acting as a presider and Emilio Jacinto as the secretary
- they discussed when the uprising would take place
- there were those who opposed Bonifacio's idea of starting the
revolution too early
- Bonifacio went out and talked with the people waiting
- update was given to the people saying that the leaders are in an
argument against starting the revolution early

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Guillermo Masangkay
- Bonifacio appealed to the people with a speech:
“You remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in
Bagumbayan. Should we return now to the towns, theSpaniards
will only shoot us. Our organization has been discovered and we
are all marked men. If we didn't start the uprising, the Spaniards
would get us anyway. What then, do you say?”
- the people shouted in unison "Revolt!"
- Bonifacio asked the people to give a pledge saying that
they are ready to revolt
“If it is true that you are ready to revolt... I want to see you destroy
your cedulas. It will be a sign that all of us have declared our
severance from the Spaniards.”

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Pio Valenzuela
Pio Valenzuela Y Alejandrino

- born on July 11, 1869 - died on April 6, 1956

- a Filipino Physician and Revolutionary leader

- joined Katipunan at the age of 23
- formed the Camara Reina together with Andres
Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto
- took charge on the publication of Ang Kalayaan.

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Pio Valenzuela
Pio Valenzuela Y Alejandrino

- in 1935, Pio Valenzuela, along with Briccio Pantas and

Enrique Pacheco said:
“The first Cry of the revolution did not happen in Balintawak
where the monument is, but in a place called Pugad Lawin.”

- Balintawak is the first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio,

Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo
del Rosario, and Pio Valenzuela.
- ·The house and yard of Apolonio Samson at Kangkong was the
first place were 500 members of Katipunan met on August 22,
1896.

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Pio Valenzuela
Pio Valenzuela Y Alejandrino

- At the Pugad Lawin, over 1000 members met there and

carried out considerable debate and discussion on
August 23, 1896. The discussion was on whether or not
the revolution against the Spanish government should be
started on August 29, 1896.

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Santiago Alvarez
- born on July 25, 1872 - died on October 30, 1930

- a revolutionary general
- founder and honorary president of the first directorate of the
Nacionalista Party

- known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" because of his inflamed bravery

and dedication as a commander of Cavite's famous battles
- celebrated as the Hero of the Battle of Dalahican

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Santiago Alvarez
His accounts on the Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin
He said:
- the beginning of the trek to Kangkong was at about
11pm; it was a rainy time
- around 2am, they reached the house of Brother
Apolonio Samson in Kangkong
- at August 22, 1896 5am, the Supremo (Bonifacio) began
to assign the guards
- Supremo placed a detachment at the Balintawak
boundary and another at the backyard to the north of
the house where they were gathered

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
 Santiago Alvarez
- Supremo is worried over suden attack, thus he decided
to move to a site called Bahay Toro
- on August 23, 1896, 10am, they arrived at Bahay Toro
- Cabesang Melchora opened her granary and had plenty
of rice pounded and animals slaughtered to feed the
Katipuneros
- on August 24, 1896, Supremo called a meeting at 10 am
inside Cabesang Melochora’s barn
- they agreed upon to start an uprising to defend
Filipino's freedom at midnight of August 29, 1896
- after the meeting, they shouted "Long live the Sons of the
People"

Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
ASSORTED DATES AND LOCATIONS
ASSORTED DATES The following are the various
accounts that give different
AND LOCATIONS dates and places for the Cry of
Pugadlawin :

Lt. Olegario Diaz (Guardia Civil)

Said it took place in Balintawak on
August 25, 1896
 ASSORTED DATES
AND LOCATIONS

Teodoro Kalaw
From the 1925 book The Filipino
Revolution wrote that the event took
place during the last week of August 1896
at Kangkong, Balintawak
 ASSORTED DATES
AND LOCATIONS

Santiago Alvarez
A Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez,
the leader of the Magdiwang faction in
Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took
place in Bahay Toro, now in Quezon City
on August 24, 1896

 ASSORTED DATES
AND LOCATIONS

Pio Valenzuela
A close associate of Andre Bonifacio
Declared in 1948 that it happened in
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896
 ASSORTED DATES
AND LOCATIONS

Gregorio Zaide
Said that the “Cry” happened in
Balintawak on August 26, 1896
 ASSORTED DATES
AND LOCATIONS

Teodoro Agoncillo
Said it took place in Pugad Lawin on
August 23, 1896
ASSORTED DATES The following are the various
accounts that give different
AND LOCATIONS dates and places for the Cry of
Pugadlawin :

Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion

and Ramon Villegas
Stated the event to have taken place in
Tandang Sora’s barn in Gulod, Barangay
Banlat, Quezon City

Tearing of Cedulas
In August 1896, in the sitio of Pugad Lawin in
Balintawak, now part of Quezon City, the
Katipuneros led by Andrés Bonifacio rose up
in revolt by tearing up their “cedulas” which
became a sign of enslavement of the
Filipinos.
Tearing of Cedulas
 FORMATION OF AN
INSURGENT
GOVERNMENT

An alternative definition of the

Cry as the “birth of the Filipino
nation state”
involves the setting up of a
national insurgent government.
Sovereign Tagalog Nation
The controversy between
the place and time of
'The Cry'
 Balintawak
Guillermo Magsankay who was present at the event confirmed in
a Sunday magazine interview that the event took place on
August 26, 1896, near where the lone katipunero monument
stands, which was in Balintawak before (monument was
transferred on 1968.).

(Magsakay was interviewed for Tribune Sunday magazine on August 21, 1932 )
[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view ]
 Balintawak
An officer of the Spanish Guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz wrote in
1896 that the event happened in the “Barrio” of Balintawak,
which corroborates the accounts of the historian Gregorio Zaide
and Teodoro Kalaw.

(From Diaz's report)

[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view ]
 Balintawak
Futhermore, the historian Teodoro Kalaw in his book The Filipino
Revolution, published in 1925, wrote that the event took place
during the last week of August 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak.

[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view ]
 Pugad Lawin
Pio Valenzuela, who had personal knowledge about the event,
claims that it happened in Pugad Lawin and not Balintawak. And
that it was on August 23, not 26.

[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view ]
 Pugad Lawin
Teodoro Agoncillo, a Filipino historian based his account from
that of Pio Valenzuela that emphasized Pugad Lawin as the
place where the ‘cry’ happened

[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view ]
 Other Cries
In 1895, Bonifacio, Masangkay, Emilio Jacinto
and other Katipuneros spent Good Friday in the
caves of Mt. Pamitinan in Montalban . They
wrote “long live Philippine independence” on
the cave walls, which some Filipino historians
consider the “first cry” (el primer grito).

Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy : a Textual Analysis with appended
documents. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8
Commemoration
August 1896, the date chosen to mark the
‘Cry of Pugad Lawin’.

1908, The first annual commemoration of

the Cry occurred in Balintawak after the
American colonial government repealed
the Sedition Law.

Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy : a Textual Analysis with appended
documents. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8
 In 1911 a monument to the Cry (a
lone Katipunero popularly
identified with Bonifacio) was
erected at Balintawak

Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy : a Textual Analysis with https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andres_Bonifacio_at_
appended documents. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8 Vinzon%27s_Hall.JPG
 In 1984, the National Historical
Institute of the Philippines
installed a commemorative
plaque in Pugad Lawin.

Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy : a Textual Analysis with https://readtheplaque.com/plaque/cry-of-pugad-lawin-
appended documents. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8 historical-marker
 Commemoration
The last Monday of every August is National Heroes Day
which commemorates the Cry of Pugad Lawin’.

https://www.goodinfonet.com/goodnews/why-do-we-celebrate-nationals-heroes-day http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=5&fi=p090828.htm&no=46
 BALINTAWAK
OR
PUGAD LAWIN?
CONTEXT
After the National Historical Commission’s resolution on the
“official” version of the “cry” to be recorded in textbooks as
the “Cry of Pugad Lawin”, Nick Joaquin (deceased National
Artist) has repeatedly called for the restoration of the
version, the “Cry of Balintawak”. However, this is a matter
that can’t be easily changed since this does not only
present a historiographical problem but also a political one.

CURRENT "OFFICIAL" VERSION

the spark of the Revolution started with a cry,followed
by the tearing of cedulas led by Andres Bonifacio in
Pugad Lawin, Quezon City
CONTEXT
In summary, the issue lies in many sides debating
about which version of the tearing of the cedulas is
the historically accurate one due to a number of
conflicting primary sources which identified a number
of different places (and dates) ranging from Quezon
city to Caloocan. The current appointed “official
version” could not be easily changed however due to
the fact that this would involve changing a historically
significant event’s date and especially, the location to
not only one strong contender (balintawak) but all the
others (Kangkong, Bahay Toro, etc.).
In this newspaper column reviewed, Ambeth Ocampo
(renowned historian) clarifies these said versions of the
“cry” along with his view of how the issue should be
resolved, at least temporarily, until more conclusive
evidence is found.
 OCAMPO’S SUMMARY OF THE “CRY”
VERSIONS:

LOCATIONS:
Balintawak
Pugad Lawin
Bahay Toro
Kangkong
Pasong Tamo (not in Makati)
Banlat
Daang Malalim
Pugad ng Lawin
Pacpac Lawin
DATES:

August 23, August 26,

1896? 1896?

August 20? August 25?

August 24? September 5??

Teodoro A. Agoncillo said that Bonifacio scheduled a general
assembly of the Katipunan for Aug. 24, 1896, the Feast of San
Bartolome, in Malabon.

Teodoro Agoncillo convinced the National Historical Commission to

move the traditional Aug. 26 date to Aug. 23 and transfer the
historical site from Balintawak to Pugad Lawin.
In Wenceslao Emilio’s five volume compilation of historical
documents, Valenzuela’s signed testimony stated that the Cry of
Balintawak was held in Balintawak on Aug. 26, 1896. Years later,
after World War II, he stated that the Cry was actually held in
Pugad Lawin on Aug. 23, 1896.

“Bonifacio uttered the first cry of war against tyranny on Aug. 24,
1896.”Finally, he remembered that “the first cry of Balintawak was
in Aug. 26, 1896 in the place called Kangkong, adjacent to Pasong
Tamo, within the jurisdiction of Balintawak, Caloocan, then within
the province of Manila.”
Ocampo's view of how the issue should be resolved:

"There are more conflicting sources available, so

to keep the peace, and until more conclusive
evidence can be presented, let’s just stick to
Pugad Lawin and Aug. 23, 1896."
 References
Manaog, N., (n.d.). Module 9 Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/48962633/Module_9_Cry_of_Pugad_lawin_or_Cry_of_Balintawak
Inquirer Net (2016). Did You Know: Guillermo Masangkay. Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792169/did-you-know-guillermo-masangkay
Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The Cry of Balintawak: A Contrived Controversy : a Textual Analysis
with appended documents. Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8
[Zafra, N. (1956). Readings in Philippine history: Revised Edition (New ed.) [E-book]. University of
the Philippines, Quezon City.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwR3T4F9udlofehq7Bq5OBGSkNaKaShm/view