NUMERICALS PROBLEMS

CHP#12 (GEOMETRICAL OPTICS)

12.1) An object 10cm in front of a convex mirror forms an image 5cm behind the mirror. What is the
focal length of the mirror?

GIVEN DATA:

Object distance= p= 10cm

Image distance= q= -5cm

FORMULA:

1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f = 1/10cm - 1/5cm

1/f = -1/10cm

f = - 10cm (-ve focal length so the mirror is convex)

12.2) An object 30cm tall is located 10.5cm from a concave mirror with focal length 16cm
(a). Where is the image located? (b) How high is it?

GIVEN DATA:
Object Height = hᴼ= 30cm
Object distance = p= 10.5cm
Focal length = f = 16cm

TO FIND:
Image distance = q = ?
Image height = hi =?
FORMULA:
1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f - 1/p = 1/q

1/16cm - 1/10.5cm = 1/q

-5.5 /168 = 1/q

168/-5.5 = q

-3o.54 cm = q (virtual image)

 Magnification of mirror = hi / h ᴼ = q / p

hi = q / p x h ᴼ

hi = 30.54 / 10.5 x 30cm

hi = 87.26 cm

12.3) An object and its image in a concave mirror are of the same height, yet inverted,
when the object is 20cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?

GIVEN DATA:
Object height = Image height (hi = hᴼ)
Object distance = 20cm

TO FIND:
Focal length = f =?
FORMULA:
hi / hᴼ = q /p

According to above condition (hi = hᴼ)

hi / hi = q /p

1 = q /p

q = p
Using mirror formula
1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/ f = 1/p + 1/p

1/ f = 2 /p

1 /f = 2 / 20cm

f = 10 cm

12.6) An image is produced by a concave mirror of focal length 8.7cm. The object is 13.2 cm tall and at
a distance of 19.3cm from the mirror. (a). Find the location and height of the image?
(b). Find the height of image produced by the mirror if the object is twice as far from the mirror?

GIVEN DATA:
Focal length = f = 8.7 cm
Object height = hᴼ= ?
Object distance = p= ?
TO FIND:
Image distance= q = ?
Image height = hi = ?
FORMULA:
1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f - 1/p = 1/q

1/8.7cm - 1/19.3cm = 1/q

10.6 /167.9 = 1/q

167.9 /10.6 = q

15.84 cm = q

(b)
Height of image = hi =?

FORMULA:
hi /hᴼ = q /p

hi = q /p x hᴼ

hi = 15.84 / 19.3 x 13.2

hi = 10.83cm

Height of image when object distance is twice ( p = 2x 19.3cm = 38.6cm)

Firstly, finding q’ by using lens formula

1/f = 1/p +1/q’

1/f – 1/p = 1/q’

1/8.7cm – 1/38cm = 1/q’

29.9/335.82cm = 1/q’

11.23cm = q’
Finding hi’ by using magnification Formula

hi’/ hᴼ = q’ /p

hi’ = q’ /p x h0

hi’ = 11.23 / 38.6 x 13.2

hi’ = 3.84 cm
12.7) Nabeela uses a concave mirror when applying makeup . The mirror has a radius of curvature of
38cm. (a) What is the focal length of the mirror? (b) Nabeela is located 50cm from the mirror where
will her image appear? (C) Will the image is upright or inverted?

GIVEN DATA:
Radius of curvature = R= 38cm
Object distance = p = 50cm

TO FIND:
Focal length = f = ?
Image distance = q =?
Nature of image = ?

FORMULA:
f = R/2 = 38cm /2 = 19cm
Using mirror formula

1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f - 1/p = 1/q

1/19cm - 1/50cm = 1/q

31 / 950 cm = 1/q

950 /31 cm = q

30.64 cm = q

NATURE OF IMAGE:
q is positive so image is real and inverted.

12.8) An object 4cm high is placed at a distance of 12cm from a convex lens of focal length 8cm.
Calculate position and size of image . Also state the nature of image?

GIVEN DATA:
Object height = hᴼ= 4cm
Object distance = p= 12cm
Focal length = f = 8cm
TO FIND:
Position of image = q = ?
Size of image = hi = ?
Nature of image = ?

FORMULA :
1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f - 1/p = 1/q

 1 /8cm - 1/ 12cm = 1/q

4 /96 cm = 1/q

24cm = q

Size of image = hi =?
hi/hᴼ = q/ p

hi = q/p x hᴼ

hi = 24 /12 x 4

hi = 8cm

12.10) A convex lens of focal length 6cm is used to form virtual image three times the size of object.
Where must the lens be placed?

GIVEN DATA:
Focal length= f = 6cm
Nature of image = q = -3p

TO FIND:
Object distance = p = ?

FORMULA:
1/f = 1/p + 1/q

1/f = 1/p - 1/3p

1/6cm = 3 - 1 /3p

1/6cm = 2/3p

3p = 12cm

p = 4cm

12.11) A ray of light from air is incident on a liquid surface at an angle of incidence 35 ᴼ. Calculate the
angle of refraction if the refractive index of the liquid is 1.25. Calculate the critical angle b/w liquid air
inter- face?

GIVEN DATA:
Angle of incidence = <i = 35ᴼ
Refractive index = n= 1.25

TO FIND:
 Angle of refraction = < r = ?
Critical Angle = <C = ?

FORMULA:
n = sin<i / sin <r

sin <r = sin <i/ n

sin <r = sin 35ᴼ / 1.25

sin <r = 0.57 / 1.25

sin <r = 0.458

<r = sin-1 ( 0.458)

<r = 27ᴼ
Critical Angle = < C = ?

FORMULA:
Sin<C = 1/n

<C = Sin-1 ( 1/ n)

<C = sin-1( 1/1.25)

< C = 53ᴼ

12.12) The power of convex lens is 5D. At what distance the object should be placed from the lens so
that its real and 2 times larger image is formed?

GIVEN DATA:
Power of lens = p = 5D
Size of image = q = 2p
Object distance = p= ?

FORMULA:
f = 1/p

f = 1/5m = 0.2m = 0.2x100 = 20cm

f = 20cm

Object distance = p= ?

1/f = 1/p + 1/q

 1/ 20cm = 1/p + 1/2p

1/20 cm = 2+ 1 /2p

1/ 20cm = 3/ 2p

2p = 60

p = 30cm

HOME WORK:
12.4, 12.5 , 12.9