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An-Najah National University
College of Engineering
Statics-61110
Chapter [3]
Equilibrium
Dr. Sameer Shadeed
1 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

Chapter Objectives
Students will be able to:
1. Draw a free body diagram (FBD)
2. Apply equations of equilibrium to solve 2D

and 3D problems

Applications
For a spool of
given weight,
what are the
forces in cables
AB and AC ?

Applications
For a given
cable strength,
what is the
maximum
weight that can
be lifted ?

Applications
A steel beam is
used to support roof
joists
How can we
determine the support
reactions at A and B ?
Again, how can we make use of an idealized model

and a free body diagram to answer this question?
Equilibrium in Two Dimension (2D)
When a body is in equilibrium, the resultant

of all forces acting on it is zero
Thus, the resultant force R and the resultant

moment M are both zero

Free Body Diagram (FBD)
The Free body Diagram is a diagrammatic

representation of the isolation of a single body
from all surrounding bodies
The Free Body Diagram is one of the most

important things for you to know how to draw
and use
The Free Body Diagram is the most

important single step in the solution of problems
in mechanics

What and Why
What ?
It is a drawing that shows all external forces
acting on the particle
Why ?
It helps you write the equations of equilibrium
used to solve for the unknowns (usually forces
or angles)

Modeling The Action of Forces
in 2D Analysis

in 2D Analysis

in 2D Analysis

Construction of Free Body
Diagrams
1. Imagine the system to be isolated or cut free from
its surroundings
2. Show all the forces that act on the system
Active forces: They want to move the system
Reactive forces: They tend to resist the motion
3.Identify each force and show all known

magnitudes and directions
4. Show all unknown magnitudes and/or directions

as variables
Examples of Free Body
Diagrams

Examples of Free Body
Diagrams

Free Body
Diagram
Exercises

Free Body
Diagram
Exercises

Draw A complete and Correct
Free Body Diagram

Draw A complete and Correct
Free Body Diagram

Equilibrium Conditions
When a body is in equilibrium, the

resultant of all forces and moments
acting on it is zero
For two dimensional force system (2D),

the equations of equilibrium may be
written in scalar form as

Categories of Equilibrium
The
categories of
force
systems
acting on
bodies in two
dimensional
equilibrium
are
summarized
as follows:

Constraints and Statical
Determinacy
Redundant Constraints: When a body has

more supports than necessary to hold it in
equilibrium, it becomes statically indeterminate
Redundant: Supports which can be removed

without destroying the equilibrium condition of
the body
A problem that is statically indeterminate has

more unknowns than equations of equilibrium

Constraints and Statical
Determinacy
Bodies which are supported by the minimum
number of constraints necessary to ensure
equilibrium configuration are called statically
determinant
For such bodies the equilibrium equations are
sufficient to determine the unknown external forces
In some cases, there may be as many unknown
reactions as there are equations of equilibrium
However, if the supports are not properly
constrained, the body may become unstable for
some loading cases
Adequacy of Constraints

Steps For Solving 2D
Equilibrium Problems
1. If not given, establish a suitable x-y
coordinate system
2. Draw a free body diagram (FBD) of the

object under analysis
3. Apply the three equations of equilibrium to

solve for the unknowns

Important Notes
1. If we have more unknowns than the number of
independent equations, then we have a statically
indeterminate situation. We cannot solve these
problems using just statics
2. The order in which we apply equations may affect the
simplicity of the solution. For example, if we have two
unknown vertical forces and one unknown horizontal
force, then solving ∑FX = 0 first allows us to find the
horizontal unknown quickly
3. If the answer for an unknown comes out as negative
number, then the sense (direction) of the unknown
force is opposite to that assumed when starting the
problem
Example 1

Example 1 (Solution)



Example 2



Example 3



Example 4



Equilibrium in Three
Dimensions (3D)
As stated earlier, when a body is in equilibrium, the
net force and the net moment equal zero (∑ ∑F = 0 and
∑M = 0)
These two vector equations can be written as six

scalar equations of equilibrium. These are

The FBD is the only reliable method for

disclosing all forces and moments which
should be included in our equilibrium
equations
In 3D the FBD serves the same essential

purpose as it does in 2D and should always
be drawn

Modeling The Action of
Forces in 3D Analysis

Modeling The Action of
Forces in 3D Analysis

Categories of Equilibrium in 3D

Categories of Equilibrium in 3D

Example 5




Example 6




Example 7




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An-Najah National University

Dr. Sameer Shadeed

1 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

Students will be able to:

1. Draw a free body diagram (FBD)

2. Apply equations of equilibrium to solve 2D

2 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

3 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

4 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

Again, how can we make use of an idealized model

When a body is in equilibrium, the resultant

Thus, the resultant force R and the resultant

6 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

The Free body Diagram is a diagrammatic

The Free Body Diagram is one of the most

The Free Body Diagram is the most

7 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

8 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

9 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

10 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

11 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

2. Show all the forces that act on the system

Active forces: They want to move the system

Reactive forces: They tend to resist the motion

3.Identify each force and show all known

4. Show all unknown magnitudes and/or directions

13 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

14 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

15 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

16 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

17 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

18 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

When a body is in equilibrium, the

For two dimensional force system (2D),

19 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

20 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

Redundant Constraints: When a body has

Redundant: Supports which can be removed

A problem that is statically indeterminate has

21 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

23 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

2. Draw a free body diagram (FBD) of the

3. Apply the three equations of equilibrium to

24 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

26 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

27 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

28 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

29 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

30 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

31 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

32 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

33 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

34 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

35 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

36 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

37 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

38 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

These two vector equations can be written as six

39 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

The FBD is the only reliable method for

In 3D the FBD serves the same essential

40 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed

41 Static Notes 2013 [Equilibrium] Dr. Sameer Shadeed