learners with

special
needs
Learners with intellectual disability
1. CEREBRAL PALSY - also known as CP, is a condition caused by injury to the
parts of the brain that control our ability to use our muscles and bodies.
- The injury often happens before birth, sometimes during delivery, or, soon after
birth.
- It can be: Mild CP, Moderate CP, or Severe CP
Types of CP: Spastic CP, Athetoid CP, Ataxic CP, Mixed CP
Characteristics of learners with CP: learning problems, problems with hearing or
seeing, or intellectual disabilities.
LEARNERS WITH LEARNING DISABILITY
1. DYSLEXIA - is the result of differences in the way the brain receives and
organizes information, making decoding words and reading sentences very
difficult.
Levels or Degrees: Mild, Moderate, Severe and Profound
2. DYSGRAPHIA - can make writing an agonizing task for a child and results in
handwriting that is illegible and messy. Students with dysgraphia struggle to
organize ideas, compose sentences and paragraphs, and use punctuation
correctly.
Types: Dyslexia Dysgraphia, Motor Dysgraphia, Spatial Dysgraphia
3. DYSCALCULIA - refers to a wide range of learning disabilities involving
math.
Types: Developmental Dyscalculia-genetic cause.
Acquired Dyscalculia-result of a stroke or traumatic brain injury.
LEARNERS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
1. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT - decreased ability to see.
Types: Strabismus, Congenital Cataracts, Retinopathy of Prematurity, Retinitis
Pigmentosa, Coloboma, Optic Nerve Hypoplasia, Cortical Visual Impairment.
2. HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Types: Conductive Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Mixed Hearing Loss,
Central Hearing Loss
Causes: Acquired-fluid build up behind the eardrum, ear infections, childhood
disease, head trauma
:Congenital-family history, infections during pregnancy, complications
during pregnancy.
3. MULTIPLE PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT - a combination of two or more serious
disabilities.
Causes: Chromosomal Abnormalities, Premature Birth, Difficulties After Birth,
Poor Development of the Brain, Infections, Genetic Disorders, Injuries From
Accidents
LEARNERS WITH SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DISORDER
1. EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOURAL DISORDER
Characteristics: Hyperactivity, Aggression or Self-injurious Behavior, Withdrawal,
Immaturity, Learning Difficulties
Causes: Heredity, Brain Disorder, Diet, Stress, Family Functioning.
2. ANXIETY ATTACK - An irrational fear of everyday situations, can be
excessive, persistent, seemingly uncontrollable and overwhelming.
3. DEPRESSION - a common and serious medical illness that negatively
affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act.
4. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
Characteristics: Recurrent Unwanted Thoughts
: Repetitive Behaviors-hand washing, counting, checking, or cleaning.
5. BIPOLAR DISORDER - also known as manic-depressive illness, which causes
dramatic mood swings.

LEARNERS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES

1. DIABETES - a disease wherein the body does not produce or use insulin
properly.
2. EPILEPSY - a physical condition that occurs when there is a sudden, brief
change in how the brain works.
3. ALLERGY - body's reaction to a normally harmless substance such as
pollen, molds, animal dander, latex, certain foods and insect stings.

LEARNERS WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITY

People with severe disabilities are those who traditionally have been labeled as
having severe or profound mental retardation.
Characteristics: Limited speech or communication, Difficulty in basic physical
mobility, Tendency to forget skills through disuse, Trouble generalizing skills from
one situation to another, A need for support in major life activities.