Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Conceptual system
Technology neutral
Can be applied in manual system (there's a human involvement) or automated
Focus on what is to be done and not how
Documents can be physical or digital
Objectives:
o Timely and correct payment to valid vendors
o Ensure that payments are not early or not too late
o Effects of early and late payment
Too early- this may lead to opportunity cost (lost on interest income on fund
investment
Too late- loss of cash discounts and may damage credit standing
Physical system
Open/Closed PO file
file is open when the last copy is filed
PO file is closed when goods are received
Purchase Requisition and Purchase Order
PR and PO’s contents are the same
PRs and POs served as internal controls specifically segregation of duties
Difference:
o Purchase Requisition
Prepared by the inventory control department
Internal document
o Purchase Order
Formal document prepared by purchase department
External document
A document that specifies item ordered from vendor or supplier
Contains the following:
Vendor, vendor number
Date ordered and when it is needed
Quantity, description, unit price, and total amount of goods
Prepared by and approved by
Key difference: Purchasing agent info., and terms of vendor
3. Receive goods
a. In the first two processes, there's no journal entry.
b. In this one, there's a related entry when receiving inventory.
c. Receiving clerk will count the goods and match it with the blind copy of PO
d. After receiving the goods, the Receiving Report is prepared
e. The Receiving Report is prepared in multiple copies:
i. Raw materials storeroom
ii. Purchasing department to close the open PO file
iii. AP function to indicate the goods are received
iv. Inventory control dept to update inventory subsidiary ledger
v. 5th copy retained by receiving dept. to be part of the Receiving Report file
Receiving report
Lists quantity and condition of inventories
Contains the following:
o Date received
o Actual quantity counted
o Condition of goods
o People involved: received by, inspected by, delivered to
Voucher register
6. Post to GL
a. GL clerk receives JV and inventory account summary
b. Posts to the GL based from entries on JV
c. Reconciles the inventory control account with the inventory account summary
d. Files the JV
In DFD, you can't determine if the process is whether manual or automated. It is applicable for
manufacturing and merchandising businesses.
Manufacturing- purchase of raw materials is requested and authorized by the production planning and
control function
Personnel Department
o uses personnel action forms to:
Activate new employees
Change the pay rate of employees
Changes marital status and/or number of dependents
o Production employees fill out two forms:
Job tickets – account for the time spent by the worker on each production job
Timecards – used to capture the total time worked each pay period for payroll
calculation
o Both forms must be signed by the supervisor
Internal Control
It is a system designed, introduced and maintained by the company’s management and top-level
executives, to provide a substantial degree of assurance (reasonable) in:
o Achieving business objective,
o Complying with the policies and laws,
o Safeguarding the assets,
o Maintaining efficiency and effectiveness in regular operations
o Reliability of financial statements.
IT Controls
o General Control
Data security
Physical security
Operating system control
Access control
Operations
System development methodology
Database administration
Telecommunication
Physical security
Disaster recovery
Program management
o Application Control
PEOPLE- Users, Clients, Customers, Technicians, Government, Companies
INPUT- Data collected, capture
PROCESSING- Working with information, changing, calculating, manipulating
OUTPUT- Sending results, reporting, collecting data
1. Input data edits where an error message appears when inputting erroneous data about vendors,
inventory and purchases.
Electronic Data Interchange- enable some functionalities/process to shorten which is very cost efficient
on the part of the company
The Need to have a Supply Chain Management where the receiving functions can be eliminated
Enterprise spending management to assure procurement happens through the right suppliers
and reduces costs.
Establishing a single comprehensive supplier view and deriving insightful procurement analytics.