Biochemistrydehydrated

derivatives.
to form furfural and its

Qualitative Tests for Carbohydrates

Materials and Reagent
- Test Tubes
Materials
- Test tube rack
- Test tubes - Dropper
- Droppers - Molisch Reagent
- Beaker - Carbohydrate Solution
- Graduated Cylinder - Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
- Test tube rack
PROCEDURE
- Marker and tape
- Reagents 1. Put 2mL of carbohydrate solution in
4 test tubes
Reagents 2. Add 10 drops of Molisch reagent to
- Fehling’s A and B each carbohydrate samples
- Benedict 3. Mix thoroughly
- Seliwanoff 4. Add 15 to 20 drops of concentrated
- Molisch sulfuric acid, do not steer so that if
- Barfoed forms a layer at the bottom of the
- Iodine solution tube

Carbohydrate solution Note: Appearance of purple color

- Glucose  (C6H12O6)
- Fructose (C6H12O6)
- Lactose (C12H22O11)
- Sucrose (C12H22O11)
- Starch -(C6H10O5)-n
General test for carbohydrate
Molisch’s test
- In this test, carbohydrates when
reacted with conc. H2SO4 get
- (monosaccharides
- disaccharides), which have free
indicates the presence of carbohydrates.
RESULT
Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Sucrose
- Formation of purple ring which is a
positive indicator for Molisch Test
carbohydrates as reducing sugars
Benedict’s test
- is used to test for simple
carbohydrates. The Benedict’s test
identifies reducing sugars
and some
ketone or aldehyde functional
groups. Benedict’s solution can be
used to test for the presence of
glucose in urine.
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS - It contains Rochelle’s salt or sodium
potassium tartrate in place of sodium
- Test tubes
citrate
- Test tube rack
- Dropper MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
- Boiling water
- Test tubes
- Benedict solution
- Test tube rack
- Carbohydrate solutions
- Dropper
PROCEDURE - Boiling Water
- Fehling’s solution
1. Add 2mL of Benedict solution in 4
- Carbohydrate Solution
empty test tubes
- Distilled Water
2. Put the test tubes in boiling water for
30 seconds to determine whether the PROCEDURE
reagent is contaminated or not
1. Mix 1mL of Fehling’s solution A
3. Allow the test tubes to cool down
and B and 3mL of water
and then add 5 drops of carbohydrate
2. Place the test tubes in boiling water
solutions
for 1 minute
4. Place the test tubes in boiling water
3. Let the solution to cool down the add
for 2 minutes and allow it to cool
sugar solution to each test tube
down
4. Place it again in boiling water for 2
RESULTS minutes
GLUCOSE RESULTS
- Blue – reddish brown = Brick red GLUCOSE
(Positive Result)
- Small amount of brick red – Clear
FRUCTOSE Blue = Brick Red (Positive Result)
- Yellow – Clear Blue – Reddish FRUCTOSE
Brown = Brick red (Positive Result)
- Reddish Brown (Positive Result)
LACTOSE
LACTOSE
- Yellow – Clear Blue – Reddish
- Small amount of brick red – Clear
Brown Brick red (Positive Result)
Blue = Brick Red (Positive Result)
SUCROSE
SUCROSE
- Clear blue (No changes/Negative
- Clear blue (No changes/Negative
Result)
Result)
Fehling’s test
Barfoed’s test
 - This test is used for distinguishing - Test tube rack
monosaccharides from reducing - Dropper
disaccharides - Boiling Water
- Seliwanoff’s Reagent
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
- Sugar Solution
- Test tubes
PROCEDURE
- Test tube rack
- Dropper 1. Add 2mL of sugar solution into each
- Boiling Water test tube with 3mL of Seliwanoff’s
- Barfoed’s reagent reagent
- Carbohydrate solution 2. Put the test tubes into boiling water
for 10 minutes
PROCEDURE
3. Put it back in test tube rack
1. Add 2mL of Barfoed’s reagent into
RESULTS
each test tube and then add 10 drops
of sugar solution GLUCOSE
2. Place the test tubes in boiling water
- No changes (Negative Result)
bath for 5 minutes
3. Put it back to test tube rack and let it FRUCTOSE
cool
- Brick Red (Positive Result)
RESULTS
LACTOSE
GLUCOSE
- No changes (Negative Result)
- Brick Red (Positive Result)
SUCROSE
FRUCTOSE
- Brick Red (Positive Result)
- Brick Red (Positive Result)
Iodine test for starch
LACTOSE
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
- Clear Blue (No Changes/Negative
Result) - Test tube
- Dropper
SUCROSE - Starch Solution
- Clear blue (No changes/Negative - Iodine Solution
Result) PROCEDURE
Seliwanoff’s test 1. Add 2mL of plant starch solution in
test tube then add a drop of iodine
- chemical test which distinguishes
solution
between aldose and ketose sugars
2. Heat the solution and allow it to cool
MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
RESULT
- Test tubes
- Purple Black/ Blue Black