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Ethanol production from various feed-stocks in sugar process |


Yield of Ethanol

Calculating Yield of Ethanol from Sucrose and  its


Process Intermediate Products
Contents [hide]

1 Calculating Yield of Ethanol from Sucrose and  its Process Intermediate Products
1.1 Calculating theoretical yield of ethanol from sucrose
1.2 Calculating theoretical yield of ethanol from glucose/Fructose (Reducing Sugars)
1.2.1 Fermentation Efficiency:
1.2.2 Distillation efficiency :
1.2.3 Overall Efficiency
1.2.4 Various feed stocks in sugar process for ethanol production
1.2.4.1 Ethanol production from sugarcane juice (Mixed juice / Clarified Juice/ Secondary
juice )
1.2.4.2 Ethanol production from sugarcane molasses (B Heavy and Final Molasses)
1.3 Online Calculator for Yield of Ethanol

This Article explained about calculation of ethanol yield from various feed
stocks (Intermediate products) in sugar manufacturing process like
sugarcane juice, secondary juice, syrup, A-molasses, B- heavy molasses and
final molasses .. etc.

Calculating theoretical yield of ethanol from sucrose


The chemical equation from sucrose to ethanol can be written as (
Stoichiometric Equation )
C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O    C 6 H 12 O 6 +  C 6 H 12 O 6   4 C2H5

OH + 4 CO 2

Sucrose      Glucose + Fructose     Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)

Molecular weight of sucrose – 342.30 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Molecular weight Glucose/Fractrose – 180.16 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Ethyl Alcohol Molecular weight – 46.07 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Molecular weight of carbon dioxide – 44.01 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Molar mass balance (kmol x kg/kmol)

1 x 342.30 4 x 46.07 + 4 x 44.01

Mass balance percentage of the above equation

100% of Sucrose    53.84% ethanol + 51.43 % carbon dioxide

The density of anhydrous ethanol (100%) is 0.78934 Kg/L at 20°C

So Theoretical ethanol production from sucrose (100 kg) = 53.84 /


0.78934 = 68.2 Liters

Calculating theoretical yield of ethanol from glucose/Fructose


(Reducing Sugars)
The chemical equation from reducing sugars to ethanol can be written as (
Stoichiometric Equation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry) )

C 6 H 12 O 6     2 C 2 H 5 OH + 2 CO 2

Glucose/Fructose    Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)

Molecular weight Glucose/Fractrose – 180.16 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Ethyl Alcohol Molecular weight – 46.07 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Molecular weight of carbon dioxide – 44.01 gm/mol or kg/kmol

Molar mass balance (kmol x kg/kmol)


1 x 180.16 2 x 46.07 + 2 x 44.01

Mass balance percentage of the above equation

100% of Glucose    51.14% ethanol + 48.86 % carbon dioxide

The density of anhydrous ethanol (100%) is 0.78934 Kg/L at 20°C

So Theoretical ethanol production from sucrose (100 kg) =51.14 /


0.78934 = 65 Liters

Fermentation Efficiency:
Fermentation is bio chemical process in which organic compounds
converted in to simple organic compound by enzymes which is
secreted by micro-organism.

The ratio between Practical yield to Theoretical yield

Theoretical Yield  = (Molasses consumed x  Fermentable sugar % *


650) / 100

Hence One ton Fermentable sugar will give 650 Liters of Absolute
alcohol.

Practical Yield = (Total wash production x  Alcohol percentage in wash)


/ 100

Fermentation Efficiency

Distillation efficiency :
The distillation efficiency is the ratio of the mass of ethanol in the final
product to the mass of ethanol in the feed (wash) to the distillery.

Distillation Efficiency is the ration of Actual Alcohol production to 


Alcohol in wash distilled

Actual Alcohol Production 

Hence 175 proof is equal to 100 percentage alcohol (Absolute Alcohol)


Alcohol in Wash Distilled     )

Distillation Efficiency 

Overall Efficiency

Fermentation efficiency *

Various feed stocks in sugar process for ethanol production


The yields of ethanol from various feed-stocks available in a cane sugar
process

Primary Juice / Mixed juice / Secondary juice

Clarified juice/ Concentrated clear juice (Syrup)

B Heavy Molasses / Final Molasses

Ethanol production from sugarcane juice (Mixed juice / Clarified Juice/


Secondary juice )
Taken one example:

S.NO  Particulars UOM  Mixed Juice  Remarks


1  Brix of the Material  oC  14.5  13 to 16
2  Purity of the material  %  81  78 to 84
3  Reducing Sugars (RS)  %  0.6  0.5 to 0.7
4  Un Fermentable Sugars (UFS)  %  0.1  0.1 to 0.2
5  Fermentation Efficiency (FE)  %  90  88 to 91
6  Distillation Efficiency (DF)  %  98.5  98 to 99%
7  Sucrose % (Pol)  %  11.745  (Brix) x (Purity ) / 100
8  Total Reducing sugars (TRS)  %  12.345  Sucrose % + Reducing Sugars%
9  Fermentable sugars (FS )  %  12.245  TRS – UFS
10  Yield of Ethanol  Ltrs/MT  71   FS x 0.65  x FE x DF x 10)

Ethanol production from sugarcane molasses (B Heavy and Final


Molasses)
Taken one example  for B-Heavy molasses
B – Heavy
S.NO Particulars UOM Remarks
Molasses
1  Brix of the Material oC  83  78 to 85
2  Purity of the material %  49  45 to 55
3  Reducing Sugars percent (RS) %  12  10 to 14%
4  Un Fermentable Sugars (UFS) %  1.2  1 to 1.5%
5  Fermentation Efficiency (FE) %  90  88 to 91
6  Distillation Efficiency (DF) %  98.5  98 to 99%
7  Sucrose % (Pol) %  40.67  (Brix) x (Purity ) / 100
8  Total Reducing Sugars (TRS) %  52.67  Sucrose % + Reducing Sugars%
9  Fermentable Sugars (FS ) %  51.47  TRS – UFS
10  Yield of Ethanol Ltrs/MT  297  FS x 0.65  x FE x DF x 10)

Approximate values of Various Feed Stocks in sugar process


Reducing
Name of Feed Unfermentable Approx.Sp.
Purity Brix% Pol% (sucrose) sugars % by
Stock  sugars by Weight Gravity
weight
Primary juice 80 to 86 16 to 22 12 to 18 0.5 to 0.8 0.2 to 0.5 1.071
Secondary juice 78 to 86 10 to 14 7 to 12 0.2 to 0.5 0.2 to 0.4 1.043
Mixed juice 78 to 86 12 to 15 9 to 13 0.4 to 0.8 0.2 to 0.4 1.056
Clarified juice 78 to 86 12 to 15 9 to 13 0.4 to 0.8 0.2 to 0.4 1.061
B Heavy
48 to 55 78 to 84 36 to 47 10 to 14 1 to 1.5 1.4
Molasses
Final Molasses 28 to 34 88 to 92 25 to 32 12 to 18 1.2 to 2 1.4

Online Calculator for Yield of Ethanol


Click Here
(http://siva.sugarprocesstech.com/YieldOfEthanol/YieldOfEthanol.htm)

Advantages while using Clear juice as a feed stock of Ethanol production:

1. Clean substrate as compared to molasses therefore juice


fermentation gets good fermentation rate & efficiency.

2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) & Chemical Oxygen Demand


(COD) of the effluent will be much less as compared to molasses;
therefore effluent treatment cost is very less.

3. Quality of the alcohol from clear juice is better than the alcohol
drawn from molasses.
4. Cane does not have high content of dissolved solids and therefore
there is no scaling and blocking in distillation column as it forms with
the use of molasses.

5. Fermentation time less than the fermentation time taken by the


molasses.

6. Colour of the effluent is less compared to spent wash from


molasses based alcohol production.

Some Disadvantages while using Juice as a feed stock of production of


Alcohol :

1 . The cane juice cannot be stored in bulk for any considerable length
of time as it is highly contaminated with bacteria & yeast starts to
ferment spontaneously very rapid.

2. This means the distillery unit must be located in close proximity to


the cane mill

3. Cane juice normally becomes quickly infected with bacteria and


yeast in the crushing process. So Mixed juice not preferable to directly
take fermentation. It is better to go first effect or second effect juice

(https://www.sugarprocesstech.com/ethanol-production/ ‎)

 
 

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31 thoughts on “Ethanol production from various feed-


stocks in sugar process | Yield of Ethanol”
Reply
Amresh (September 1, 2018 - 5:37 pm)

100% of Sucrose = 53.84% ethanol + 51.43 % carbon dioxide

How possible elaborate please.


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (September 2, 2018 - 3:26 pm)

According to Stoichiometric Equation

C12 H22O11 + H2O = 4 C2H5 OH + 4 CO2

1 x 342.30 = 4 x 46.07 + 4 x 44.01

Now consider sucrose 1 gm then

1 = (4 x 46.07/ 342.30 ) + ( 4 x 44.01 / 342.30) = 0.5383 + 0.5143


Reply
BHARATKUMAR MAGDUM (September 24, 2018 - 5:02 pm)

Good calculation Madam, But ethanol production from B heavy ,& final
molasses is approximately equal (20 lit difference) so what is the profit
from B heavy molasses

Thank you for your valuable calculation


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (September 24, 2018 - 5:52 pm)

For BH and final molasses yield approximately differ 50 to 60 Lt./MT


Reply
mahbub rahman (December 23, 2018 - 6:34 pm)

good article <3


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (December 26, 2018 - 4:28 pm)

Thank you Mr.mahbub rahman


Reply
Rajani Hazarika (http://nil) (December 27, 2018 - 3:34 pm)

We are going to setup a sugarcane based Ethanol plant. So, these are
very helpful to. us.

Thanks

Rajani Hazarika

Zest Green Energy

Assam

email

zestgreenenergy@gmail.com (mailto:zestgreenenergy@gmail.com)
Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (December 29, 2018 - 5:10 pm)

Thank you Mr.Rajani Hazarika


Reply
Ankit (March 14, 2019 - 3:24 pm)

Send all calculation of meterial balance


Reply
Ankit (March 15, 2019 - 6:43 pm)

Send all calculations of grain based distillery


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (March 21, 2019 - 3:04 pm)

We will provide soon


Reply
Harshal (February 15, 2020 - 4:11 pm)

Send all calculation of meterial balance and fermentation calculation


Reply
Sanaullah (April 10, 2019 - 3:33 pm)

It’s a good calculation and elaboration on fermentation of various feed


stocks.

what should be the optimum mix of secondary mill juice and C


molasses for a distillery designed for C molasses?
Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (April 13, 2019 - 5:32 pm)

It is only depended upon total fermentable sugars after mixing the juice
and final molasses
Reply
VijayKumar Dure (July 11, 2019 - 2:06 pm)

Sirjii pls send including Syrup based example


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (July 14, 2019 - 4:57 pm)

For syrup also we apply same procedure

According to syrup properties we applied the values ( i.e Brix of the


Material , Purity of the material , Reducing Sugars percent (RS) , Un
fermentable sugars (UFS) )
Reply
Shivi (January 26, 2020 - 3:14 pm)

Production of 100 liter ethenol from C heavy molesses ? What is the


quantity of molesses are used ethenol fermentation please explain .
Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (January 26, 2020 - 4:26 pm)

Generally yield from C molasses

1 MT of molasses – 240 to 260 liters of ethanol produced ( It is vary


according to total reducing sugars in molasses)
Reply
arif kazmi (January 27, 2020 - 6:16 am)

Good calculation and and article.


Reply
Ankit tyagi (March 4, 2020 - 8:10 pm)

I need all type calculation related distillation and fermentation with how
much dosing ppm in fermenter
Reply
harihar (June 16, 2020 - 6:49 am)

error in Online Calculator for Yield of Ethanol plz check.


Reply
siva alluri (http://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (June 21, 2020 - 10:18 am)

Ok corrected

Now it is working
Reply
GOVINDAGOUDA PATIL (June 19, 2020 - 4:26 am)

Sir,please provide all material balance calculations and fermentation


calculations
Reply
siva alluri (https://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (June 21, 2020 - 10:01 am)

Ok we will provide soon


Reply
ziah (July 7, 2020 - 2:42 pm)

Good day Siva,

Why is the theoretical distillation yield in liters absolute alcohol and not
liters?
Reply
Sukhraj Soni (http://140308) (January 16, 2021 - 4:22 am)

please provide all material balance calculations and fermentation


calculations
Reply
V P Rajput (http://sugarprocesstech.%20com) (March 21, 2021 - 11:36 pm)

Theoretical ethanol production from sucrose (100 kg) =51.14 / 0.78934


= 65 Liters

Sir I think here term sucrose should be TRS


Reply
MOHAMMAD jamal (April 5, 2021 - 10:32 am)

dear siva, i m m.jamal, doing as production manager in a distillery here


in pakistan. i do appreciate your article and we ll remain i contact here.
Reply
Uttam (October 13, 2021 - 11:28 am)

how to calculate yield of ethanol from syrup


Reply
siva alluri (https://www.sugarprocesstech.com) (January 2, 2022 - 8:50 am)

Please go through the below link

Click Here for yield of Ethanol


(http://siva.sugarprocesstech.com/YieldOfEthanol/YieldOfEthanol.htm)
Reply
HARSH (November 19, 2021 - 7:05 am)

What Is the B Heavy Molasses Viscosity in Cp? also Brix and Purity for
B heavy Molasses.

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