8086 Microprocessor

Instructor: Bijan Paul

Senior Lecturer
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
8086 Microprocessor Internal Block Diagram

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 8086 Microprocessor
Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
The function of BIU is to:
Fetch the instruction or data from memory.
Write the data to memory.
Write the data to the port.
Read data from the port and memory.

Instruction Queue
To increase the execution speed, BIU fetches as many as six
instruction bytes ahead to time from memory.
All six bytes are then held in first in first out 6 byte register called
instruction queue.
Then all bytes have to be given to EU one by one.
This pre fetching operation of BIU may be in parallel with
execution operation of EU, which improves the speed execution
of the instruction.
 8086 Microprocessor
Execution Unit (EU)
The functions of execution unit are:
To tell BIU where to fetch the instructions or data from.
To decode the instructions.
To execute the instructions.

Control System
The EU contains the control circuitry to perform various internal
operations.
A decoder in EU decodes the instruction fetched memory to
generate different internal or external control signals required to
perform the operation.
EU has 16-bit ALU, which can perform arithmetic and logical
operations on 8-bit as well as 16-bit.
Register organization in 8086
A register is a very small amount of fast memory that is built in the CPU (or
Processor) in order to speed up the operation.

Register is very fast and efficient than the other memories like RAM, ROM,
external memory etc,. That’s why the registers occupied the top position in
memory hierarchy model.

The 8086 microprocessor has a total of fourteen registers that are

accessible to the programmer. All these registers are 16-bit in size. The
registers of 8086 are categorized into 5 different groups.
a) General registers
b) Index registers
c) Segment registers
d) Pointer registers
e) Status Register 5
Different types of Register in 8086

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End