PRECIPITATING FACTORS: PREDISPOSING FACTORS:

 UNCONTROLLED TYPE 1 DM  TYPE 1 DM

 INFECTION  ADOLESCENCE AGE
 ACUTE MEDICAL ILLNESSES  RACE & ETHNICITY
 MEDICATIONS  LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
 ALCOHOL & DRUG ABUSE
 EATING DISORDERS

INSULIN DEFICIENCY

GLUCOSE CANNOT ENTER THE CELLS AND STAYS IN THE

BLOOD

FATIGUE/WEAKNESS
CELL STARVATION POLYPHAGIA

STIMULATES THE BODY TO RELEASE COUNTER-REGULATORY HORMONES

(GLUCAGON, EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE)

INC. PROTEOLYSIS
INC. INC. LIPOLYSIS
DEC. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DEC. GLUCOSE UTILIZATION
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (BREAKDOWN OF FAT AS
(BREAKDOWN OF
(BREAKDOWN OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL)
PROTEIN TO AMINO
GLYCOGEN TO
ACIDS)
GLUCOSE)

INC. OF NON- RELEASE OF FATTY ACIDS

BUILD UP OF GLUCOSE
CARBOHYDRATE IN THE BLOOD
SUBSTRATE
FATTY ACIDS UNDERGO
KETOGENESIS

HYPERGLYCEMIA
 FRUITY-SCENTED FORMATION OF
TESTS:
BREATH KETONE BODIES
 HBA1C/Glycosylated
Hemoglobin
 CBG
KETONE BUILD UP
BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN THE BLOOD
EXCEEDS THE ABILITY OF
MGT: THE KIDNEY TO
 Rapid- REABSORB
acting DEC. ALKALI
insulins RESERVE
 Short-
acting OSMOTIC DIURESIS GLUCOSURIA
insulin

LOSS OF WATER/ ELECTROLYTE POLYURIA,

IMBALANCE POLYDIPSIA

TEST:
 Serum
Electrolyte

DEHYDRATION METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

IF TREATED IF NOT TREATED

Kussmaul
Nausea,
Respiration
Vomiting,
Abdominal pain

MGT: COMPLICATIONS:
 FLUID REPLACEMENT  CEREBRAL EDEMA
 INSULIN ADMINISTRATION  ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
 ELECROLYTE  ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
SUPPLEMENTS SYNDROME
 POTASSIUM  CARDIAC DYSRRYTHMIAS
REPLACEMENTS  SHOCK
 ALKALANIZING AGENTS  COMA
 DEATH

GOOD PROGNOSIS BAD PROGNOSIS