ENDOCRINE (for male and female)

Exocrine- particular duct kung saan magrrelease Luteinizing hormone- works together with fsh

- They have ducts - Para magmature ang follicle

- Ensures the maturation
Endocrine- releases into the bloodstream - Formation of corpus lutheum to produce
- Ductless, internally secreting glands progesterone

Endocrine glands (for female)

Pituitary gland- situated in the brain Interstitial cell stimulating hormone- for males

- Has 2 lobes( anterior/adenohypothesis, - It produces androgen, or the testosterone

posterior/neurohypothesis) - To maintain the maturity of the organ of males
Anterior/adenohypothesis- also called the (balbas, adam’s apple)
glandular part (for male)
Posterior/nerohypothesis- nervous part
 Adenohypothesis Thyrotroph
chromophils- acidophils
>somatotroph and mammotrophs are being Thyroid stimulating hormone- release 3 particular
hormone (T3, T4, Thyro calcitonin)
released
chromophobes- basophils Corticotroph
>thyrotroph, gonadotrroph, corticotroph are
being released Adreno Cortico Trophic hormone- the growth of
suprarenal cortex
Acidophils
Melanocyte Stimulating hormone- release and produce
Somatotroph- growth hormones melanin

- Somatotrophin hormone  Neurohypophysis

- Dwarfism- less hormone produced
Oxytocin- to contract during laborthe final stages
- Gigantism- excess hormone produced
- Contract the smooth muscles cells and ducts of
Leteutrophic hormone
mammary gland for lactation
Lactogenic or prolactin- initiates and maintaining the
Antidiuretic Hormone- also called as Vasopressin
secretion of milk after pregnancy coming from
mammotroph Vassopressin- it produces concentrated urine
- To secrete progesterone - Filter the urine to conserve water in our body
- Less water to be released from our body
Bashophils
Thyrotroph- it will release thyroid stimulating hormone
Gonadotrophs
- Pituitary gland (anterior lobe) – TSH signal the
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- promotes growth of thyroid to produce T3, T4, Thyro Calcitonin
ovarian follicle for female
T3 (tri iodo thyronine)- hormone that regulates growth
- Activates the epithelium of testicles to produce and development
spermatozoa seminiferous
 - Controls the metabolism and body temperature Grave’s Disease

ThyroxineT4- concerned with metabolism, growth and - Bulging eyes

development, and differentiation

- Problem in T4
Hypothyroidism- decrease
Cretynism- bata
Myxedema- adult
Hyperthyroidism- increase
grave’s disease
Parathyroid Gland- narrow isthmus
thyrocalcitonin- helps regulates the calcium in the blood
- Situated behind the thyroid
- Less calcium in the bone will make it weak, it
- Small brownish body
will become porous already softened
- 4 in number
- Pag maraming calcium sa blood ititigil na ni
- Helps the control the level of calcium and
Thyrocalcitonin.
phosphorus in the body
Cretinism - Has two cells ( chief cells and Oxyphil cells)
Chief cells- mas marami
- Disproportionate body parts Darker
- Course facial features Kabaliktaran ng calcitonin
- Mentally challenged Oxyphil- stimulated kapag nareach na ang
puberty

Hyperparathyroidism- excessive calcium produce

Rickets(bata)

- Softened the bone

- Bowing of legs

Myxedema

- Dry face and hair

- Periorbital edema- puffy dry eyes and face

- Rachitic rosary
 Suprarenal Gland- on top of the kidney
- Cut in cross section may cort4ex and medulla

Cortex-

Mineralocorticoids- electrolytes

- Aldosterone
- Deoxycorticosterone
Glucocorticoids- suppresses immune system
- Active during inflammation
- Regulates carbohydrate metabolism
- (hydrocortisone and cortisone)
Steroid Hormones
- Female (estrogen and progesterone)
- Male (androgen or testosterone)
PINEAL GLAND
- Situated in the brain
- It is a small cone shape body attached on the
third roof ventricle
- Melatonin- serotonin derivative
Influences the sexual development
Sleep-wake cycle- internal body clock
Stimulate sexual characteristics
Maximum development at around 7 yrs old

Medulla May gonadal activity- sexual characteristics

Epinephrine- increases oxygen consumption
- Increases cardiac output
- Produces and
nasstimulate lang during puberty
- Stimulate menstrual cycle
Sleep-wake cycle

Norepinephrine- maintain blood pressure

- Magmemetabolize para maging epinephrine

- Precursor of epinephrine

Suprarenal Gland has 2 parenchyma

During daytime- melatonin is inhibited

During nighttime- melatonin is stimulated

Melatonin will help you sleep.

CORTEX ^^

Glomerulosa- lumalabas si mineralocorticoids

Fasiculata and reticularis- glutocorticoids

Reticularis- dito nanggagaling si steroid

REPRODUCITVE SYSTEM

For male

Testes- produce spermatozoa

- Secretes the androgen hormone or

testosterone
- Testosterone- stimulates the growth of male
reproductive organs

Excretory ducts- epididymis

- 3-4 layers of smooth muscles called as myoid

cells.

Seminiferous tubules

Sertoli cells or sustentacular cells or supporting cells

- It supports, protect and nourishes sperm cells

- Ability to phagocytize the excess sperms
- Releases testicular fluid
- Androgen binding protein para may affinity ang
testosterone na sumama sa fluid

Spermatogenic cells- produce sperm cells

- Spermatogonia/ium – primitive cells na nagiging

dormant until one reaches puberty
Undergo mitosis to become primary
spermatocytes
Undergo meiosis magiging secondary
spermatocytes
Undergo meiosis 2 magiging spermatid
(immature) hanggang maging mature na
spermatozoa
FEMALE
Smooth muscle cells- myoid

Epithelioid cells- interstitial cells of leydig to produce

testosterone

- Stimulated by icsh from the pituitary gland