THEOREMS ON SECANTS, TANGENTS, AND

SEGMENTS OF A CIRCLE AND ITS

APPLICATIONS
for Mathematics Grade 10
Quarter 2 / Week 6
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as your guide in proving

theorems involving secants, tangents, and segments of a circle
and its application. It can help you learn new concepts and
develop critical thinking skills in proving theorems.

In this learning kit, the learners will be gained knowledge

in identifying, solving the angles formed and proving different
theorems on the circle and develop critical and mathematical
thinking skills on proving theorems of tangents, secants, and
segments of a circle that could be applied in their daily lives.

This kit includes the following salient features:

I. What Happened The students demonstrate of what they

remember on identifying, solving the angles formed and
proving theorems.

II. What You Need to Know This is the part where students
learned concepts on proving the theorems of secants,
tangents, and segments.

III. What Have I Learned This is the part where students

evaluate what they have learned on proving and applying the
theorems.

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 LESSON THEOREMS ON SECANTS, TANGENTS,
1
AND SEGMENTS OF A CIRCLE

OBJECTIVES:
K: Identifies theorems on angles formed by secants, tangents and
segments of a circle.
S: Solves measures of angles formed and proves theorems
involving secants, tangents, and segments.
A: Shows courage in presenting correct measures of angles and
proof based on the theorems of tangents and secants.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Proves theorems on secants, tangents, and segments.
M10GEllef-1

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:

Choose the letter that best answers each question. Write the
answer on your activity notebook.

In the figure on the right, and are tangents

to W from an external point X.

1. Is congruent to ? Why?
a. No, because the two segments from the same exterior point
does not connect the circle with two points.
b. No, because the two segments from the same exterior point are
not tangents on the circle.
c. Yes, because the two segments from the same exterior point
connects the two points on the circle.
d. Yes, because the two segments from the same exterior point
are tangents on the circle.
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2. Is XYW congruent to XZW? Justify your answer.
a. Yes, because of Hypotenuse leg theorem.
b. Yes, because of Hypotenuse acute angle theorem.
c. No, because the two sides of a triangle are not equal.
d. No because they are not right triangles.
3. What is the measure of ∠ XYW?
a. b. c. d.
4. Suppose m ∠ WXY = . What is m ∠ WXZ?
a. b. c. d.
5. If YW = 15 AND YX = 20, what is the length of XW?
a. 22 b. 23 c. 24 d. 25

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION

THEOREMS INVOLVING SECANTS, TANGENTS AND

SEGMENTS
1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to
the radius drawn to the point of tangency.
Given: is tangent to C at D.
What is the m ∠ ADC ? and m ∠ BDC ?

m ∠ ADC = 900
m ∠ BDC = 900 The radius of a circle
is perpendicular to a tangent line at the point of tangency.

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2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its end point that
is on the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
Given: is a radius of S.
What is the m ∠ PRS? and m ∠ QRS?

m ∠ PRS =
m ∠ QRS = The line is perpendicular to the radius and
tangent of the circle.
3. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a
circle, then the two segments are congruent.

Given: EM and EL are tangent to S

at M and L, respectively.

Example:
If EM = 20, what is the measure of EL?
EL = 20, two segments have equal measures because they
are congruent.

4. If two tangents, a secant, and a tangent, or two secants

intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.

a. Given: and are tangent to V

at R and T, respectively, and intersect
at the exterior point S.
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For example:
If m = 260 and m = 100, what is m ∠ RST?

Solution: m ∠ RST = ½ ( m -m )
= ½ (260 – 100) substitution
= ½ (160)
= 160/2
m ∠ RST = 80

b. Given: is tangent to O at K. is a secant that passes

through O at M and N. and intersect at the exterior
point L.

For example:
If m = 140 and m = 100, what is m ∠ KLN?
Solution: m ∠ KLN = ½ ( m -m )
= ½ (140 – 100 ) substitution
= ½ (40)
= 40/2
m ∠ KLN = 20

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 c. Given: is secant that passes through T at A and B.
is a secant that passes through T at E and D. and
intersect at the exterior point C.

For example:

If m = 100 and m = 50, what is m ∠ ACE?

Solution: m ∠ ACE = ½ ( m -m )
= ½ (100 – 50 ) substitution
= ½ (50)
= 50/2
m ∠ ACE = 25

5. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the

measure of an angle formed is one- half the sum of the
measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical
angle.

Given: and are secants intersecting in the interior of V

at T. and are intercepted arcs of ∠ PTS and ∠ QTR.

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 For example:

If m = 62 and m = 60, what is m ∠ PTS?

Solution: m ∠ PTS = ½ ( m +m )
= ½ (62 + 60) substitution

= ½ (122)
= 122/2
m ∠ PTS = 61

6. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency,

then the measure of each angle formed is one-half the
measure of its intercepted arc.

Given: and are secant and tangent, respectively, and

intersect at O at the point of tangency, M.

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For example:

If m = 80 and m = 280, what is m ∠ NMP? and m ∠ LMP?

Solution: m ∠ NMP = ½ ( m )
= ½ (80) substitution
= 80/2
m ∠ PTS = 40

m ∠ LMP= ½ ( m )
= ½ (280) substitution
= 280/2
m ∠ PTS = 140

Theorem on two intersecting chords

•If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the

measures of the segments of one chord is equal to the
measures of the segments of the other chord.
In the circle shown on the right,
intersects at A. From the theorem,
SA • NA = DA • LA

For example:
If SA = 6, NA= 5, DA= 3, and LA = 10.

Solution:
SA• NA = DA • LA
6 • 5 = 3 • 10 substitution
30 = 30

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External Secant segment is the part of a secant that is outside
the circle.

In the figure, and are secants.

and are external secant segments.

Theorems on Secant segments, Tangent

segments, and External secant segments

1. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior

point, then the product of the lengths of one secant
segment and its external secant segment is equal to the
product of the lengths of the other secant segment and its
external secant segment.
and are secant segments drawn to the circle
From an exterior point R. From the theorem,
AR • IR = NR • ER

For example:
If = 6, = 10, = 12, =8
Solution:
AR • IR = NR • ER
16 •10 = 20 •8 substitution
160 = 160

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 2. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a
circle from an exterior point, then the square of the length of
the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of
the secant segment and its external secant segment.
is a secant segment drawn to the circle from exterior point
O. is a tangent segment that is also drawn to the circle
from
the same exterior point O.
From the theorem, (CO)2 = YO • NO
For example:
If CO = 10, NY= 15, NO= 5
Solution:
(CO)2 = YO • NO
(10)2 = 20 • 5 substitution
100 = 100

III. What Have I Learned

EVALUATION/POST TEST:
A. Name the external secant segments in each of the
following figures. Write the answers in your activity
notebook.
1. 2.

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 3. 4.

5.

B. Use the figure and the given information to answer the

questions that follow. Write the letter of your choice that
corresponds with the theorems being used which will justify your
answer. Write the answers in your activity notebook.

A. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the

measure of an angle formed is one- half the sum of the measures
of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.
B. If two tangents, a secant and a tangent, or two secants intersect
in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is
one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.
C. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency,
then the measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of
its intercepted arc.
D. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its endpoint
that is on the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
1. If m = 160 and m = 80,

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 1. What is m ∠ ABC?

m ∠ ABC = ______
Theorem: _______

2. If m = 220 and m = 140,

what is m ∠ MQL?

m ∠ MQL =________
Theorem: ________

3. If m = 45 and m = 49,
what is m ∠ PTR? m ∠ RTS?

m ∠ PTR =______
m ∠ RTS =______ (Its supplement to is m ∠ PTR)
Theorem: _______

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4. If m = 249 and m = 39,
what is m ∠ LSC?

m ∠ LSC = _____
Theorem: _______

5. If m = 300, what is m ∠ PQO?

m ∠ PQO = _______
Theorem: ________

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C. Find the length of the unknown segment(x) in each of the
following figures. Choose the letter of the correct answer on
the box below. Write the answer on your activity notebook.

a. 6 b. 25 c. 13
d. 8 e. 12 f. 5

1. _____ 2. ______

3. _____ 4. _____

5. ______

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 REFERENCES

BOOKS

Callanta, Melvin M., et.al. K to 12 Mathematics 10

Learner’s Manual. Department of Education,
Philippines: REX Book Store, 2015.

Callanta, Melvin M., et.al. K to 12 Mathematics 10

Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education,
Philippines: REX Book Store, 2015.

16
 SYNOPSIS
This Self Learning Kit contains
different activities that will enhance
the minds of the students to think
critically, identify different theorems,
solve the angles formed, prove and
apply the theorems involving tangents,
secants and segments. Give
opportunities of the students to
demonstrate their understanding on
the theorems of the circle by doing
the practical task.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR/ILLUSTRATOR

LEONARDO M. GASO JR., finished his
bachelor of Secondary Education
major in Mathematics and a
candidate for Master of Arts in
Mathematics Teaching at Negros
Oriental State University, Dumaguete
City. A Secondary Mathematics
Teacher III at Sibulan National High
School and currently teaching Grade
10 Mathematics, a school registrar and
marching band adviser.

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 LESSON
2 SOLVING PROBLEMS ON CIRCLES

OBJECTIVES:
K: Recalls the relationship among chords, arcs, and

central angles of circles, arc lengths, segments, and

sector of a circle.
S: Solves problems on circles.

A: Shows perseverance in solving problems on circles.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Solves problems on circles. M10GEIIf – 2

I.WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:

A. Multiple Choice. Read and understand the given problems

carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds the correct
answer. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. It is half of the measure of the diameter.

a. radius b. chord c. arc d. semicircle
2. It is twice the measure of the radius which is also known as
the longest chord.
a. minor arc b. major arc c. diameter d. semicircle
3. The segment that joins any two points on the circle.
a. radius b. chord c. arc d. semicircle
4. The arc that measures one-half the circumference of a
circle.
a. radius b. chord c. arc d. semicircle
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 5. An arc that measures less than the semi-circle.
a. minor arc b. major arc c. diameter d. chord
6. An arc that measures greater than the semi-circle.
a. minor arc b. major arc c. diameter d. chord
7. An angle whose vertex is the center of the circle with two
radii as its sides.
a. right angle c. obtuse angle
b. inscribed angle d. central angle
8. An angle whose vertex is on a circle with sides containing
the chords of the circle.
a. right angle c. obtuse angle
b. inscribed angle d. central angle

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION

In this part, you will recall the different formulas involving

circles.

A. Area of a Sector of
a Circle

Area of a Sector = ( when θ is in degrees)

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 B. Area of a Segment of a Circle is the area of a sector minus the
triangular piece.

Area of Segment = ( - ) r2 (when θ is in degrees )

C. Arc Length
Arc length

L= ( when θ is in degrees )

Example 1: The diagram shows a circle with center O and radius 42

inches. A and B are points on the circumference such that
arc AB makes an angle of 120°. Calculate the length of
the arc AB.

O 42in
B
42in 120o

Solution:
L=

L = (120 x ) x 42 where

L= (3.1416) ( 42)

L = 87.96 inches
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2. Using the diagram below, a circle with center O and
radius 42 inches. A and B are points on the
circumference such that arc AB makes an angle of 120°
at O. Calculate the area of the sector AOB.
Solution:
Area of a Sector = O 42in
B
42in 120o

= A

= (1764)

= 588 square inches

Or
Area of a Sector = 588(3.1416) square inches
Area of a Sector = in2

3. A sprinkler on a garden park sprays over a distance of 10

meters and rotates through an angle of 120°. Find the
area of the garden park watered by the sprinkler.
Express your answer in terms of pi.

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 Solution:

Steps in Finding the Area of the Sector of the circle or the

area of the garden park watered by the sprinkler.

Step 1: Determine the given and unknown of the problem.

Given: θ = 120° , radius = 10 meters
What is asked (unknown) = sector of the circle or the area
of garden park watered by the sprinkler.

Step 2: Next, find the ratio measure of the arc

360
= =

Step 3: Find the area of the circle using the equation

, where r is the length of the radius.

A=

A=

Step 4 : Finally, find the area of the sector. Get the product
of the ratio measure of the arc and area of the circle.
360
Area of the sector or the area of the garden park = (100 )

watered by the sprinkler. = square meters.

Therefore, the area of the sector or the area of the garden park
watered by the sprinkler is square meters.

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III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST:
Solve the following problems completely. Write your solutions on
your activity notebook.

1. The diagram shows a sector of a circle. The area of the

sector is 180m2. Find the value of θ in terms of pi .

9m

2. The designated fishing area of a circular pond at a park is

marked with two ropes attached to a buoy at the center
of the pond. Each rope is 6 meters long and together
they form an angle of 160°. What is the approximate area
of the sector that is designated for fishing?

3. Find the arc length of the given figure below. Express your
answer
. in terms of .

88o

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 REFERENCES

Callanta Melvin M., et.al. K to 12 Mathematics 10

Learner’s Manual. Department of
Education, Philippines: REX Book Store, 2015.

Callanta Melvin M., et.al. K to 12 Mathematics 10

Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education,
Philippines: REX Book Store, 2015.

24
 ANSWER KEY
Pre-test:
SYNOPSIS
1. a 5. a
This self-learning kit will serve 2. c 6. b
as a guide in solving problems on 3. b 7. d
circle. 4. d 8. B

This will help learners to Post –test:

learn new ideas and enrich their
existing knowledge about
mathematical concepts 2. Area of the sector that is
involving circles that can be designated for fishing = 16
applied in the real-world m2 .
situation.
3. 5.87 units

ABOUT THE AUTHOR/ILLUSTRATOR

JEROME YMALAY SILORIO, EdD. Finished Bachelor of

Science in Mathematics (BSMath) in 2006, Masters of
Arts in Education major in Mathematics (MAED-
Math) in 2009, and Doctor of Education in 2014 at
Foundation University, Dumaguete City. Currently a
Mathematics teacher at Amlan National High
School.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

LEONARDO M. GASO JR.

JEROME Y. SILORIO, EdD
Writer

KEENJI L. ARMENTANO
Lay-out Artist
_____________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
CLAUDETH S. MERCADO
JEROME Y. SILORIO
JAMES D. RODRIGUEZ
MARICEL T. TROPEZADO

BETA QA TEAM
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
CLAUDETH S. MERCADO
MARICEL T. TROPEZADO

DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible
learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The content of this module is
carefully researched, chosen and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and
evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this
material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written
consent from the division.

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