Current Fifteenth periodic plan of Nepal | 15th periodic plan of Nepal (2076

BS – 2081 BS)
Systematic endeavors for financial improvement were begun in Nepal
simply after 2007 BS. During the Rana system of the rule of Prime Minister
Juddha Shamsher, 20-year Plan was reported. In 1949, the National
Planning Committee was comprised so as to define the 15-year Plan.
However, both of these plans were not actualized. In 1952, separate
Planning and Development Ministry was established. Therefore, in the
genuine sense, Economic Planning in Nepal had begun in Nepal with the
initiation of the First Plan in 2013 BS. So, 2013 BS is viewed as a brilliant
year in the Planned development exertion of Nepal. Nepal has so far
finished fourteen periodic plans and has propelled the Fifteenth Five Year
Plan. The objectives, priorities, and policies of the current 15th periodic 
plan of Nepal are as follows:
Long Term Vision of 15th plan :

PromoteGood Governance, Development, and Prosperity of the country.

The main motto of the current 15th 5-year plan is “Prosperous Nepal,
Happy Nepali” (” समद्ध
ृ नेपाल, सुखी नेपाली”). To transform Nepal as a nation
of happy, healthy, educated, dignified, and high-quality living citizens with
equal opportunity, including prosperous, independent, and socialist-
oriented economies.

Goal:

To increase the economic growth rate to 10.5% and eradicate absolute

poverty (reduce to 0%) by 2100 B.S. The major highlights and targets of
the 15th periodic plan of Nepal are presented as follows:
Major Highlights and Targets of 15th Periodic plan of Nepal
Targe
Curre ts
nt (2080/
S. Situati 81
N Indicators on BS)
Economic
1 growth rate 6.8% 10.3%
GNP Per 1047 1595
2 Capita US$ US$
Population
below the
3 poverty line 18.7% 11%
Gini
4 Coefficient 0.31 0.29
Life
expectancy 69.7 72
5 at Birth Years Years
Unemploym
6 ent rate 11.4% 6%
7 Roadways 6979 15,000
 KM KM
200
8 Railways 42 KM KM
Family with
access to
9 electricity 90.7% 99%
People with
access to
drinking
10 water 88% 99%
Internet
11 users 55.4% 80%
Hydroelectri
city 1020 5000
12 generation MW MW
13 HDI 0.574 0.624
Happiness
14 Index 4.7 5.1
Source: NPC, fifteenth Periodic Plan of Nepal (Draft)/ Approach Paper

National Objectives of 15th periodic plan of Nepal:

a. To provide easily accessible, qualitative, and modern infrastructure,

productive employment generation, high sustainable inclusive economic
growth through poverty alleviation.
b. To provide qualitative health and a healthy environment, social justice,
accountable social service and quality of life.
c. To protect the national benefit of democracy, sovereignty and ensure
socio-economic transformation for a strong economic foundation.

Long Term National Objectives:

1. Accessible modern infrastructure and intensive connectivity.

2. Development and full utilization of human capital potentials.
3. High and sustainable production and productivity.
4. High and equitable national income.
5. Well-being and decent life.
6. Safe, civilized and just society.
7. Healthy and balanced environment.
8. Good governance, Comprehensive democracy, National unity, security,
and dignity.

Strategies of 15th periodic plan of Nepal:

a. Facilitate accelerated, sustainable and employment-oriented economic

growth.
b. Facilitating accessible and quality medical care and education.
c. Internal and non-industrial immobility and development of residence.
d. Increasing production and productivity.
e. Provide comprehensive, effective social security and safety.
f. Alleviating poverty and ensuring equality and justice-based society.
g. Conservation of natural resources and development of sustainability.
h. Strengthening of public service, provincial balancing, and integration of
central units.
i. Involvement of all tiers of government to achieve economic growth.

Priority Areas of 15th periodic plan of Nepal:

The following are the priority areas of this Plan:

(a) Development of hydroelectricity and different energies.
(b) Increase the profitability, expansion, and commercialization of the
farming segment.
(c) Development of the tourism, industry and business segments.
(d) Development of fundamental instruction and wellbeing, drinking water
and sanitation sectors.
(e) Promotion of good administration.
(f) Development of roadways and other physical foundations.
(g) Protection of natural resources and the environment.
 

Unofficial Translation of fifteenth periodic plan of Nepal

2076-77 to 2080-81 BS
1. Background of the 15th periodic plan:

The constitution of Nepal envisages creating a prosperous, independent

and socialist-oriented economy. The Fifteenth Plan has a vision of rapid
and balanced economic development, prosperity, good governance and
happiness for the citizens. This will be the first plan to achieve the target in
the federal structure through three levels of efficient intergovernmental
finance management and cooperation with the private, cooperative and
community sectors.
This scheme will achieve the prosperity and happiness of the present
generation and build the foundation of a socialist-oriented economy. In
order to increase income, build quality human capital and minimize
economic risks, upgrade from developing countries to developing countries
by 2079; By 2087, the basis of the Fifth Plan has been formulated to reach
high-middle-income countries with the idea of achieving sustainable
development goals.
During this planning period, all the resources available in the country will be
mobilized for the purpose of creating productive employment, equitable
distribution and achieving economic growth including social protection and
security. For this, the investment will be focused on expanding economic
activities and bringing mobility. Private, cooperative and community sectors
will be operated as complementary to each other. Investment from these
sectors will be oriented towards the structural change of the economy by
making economy economical, productive and self-reliant through
investment, productivity enhancement, and entrepreneurship promotion.
⋆ Also read :Law of Demand
In accordance with the federal structure, plans will be implemented to
achieve the goals of economic, social, environmental and good governance
on the basis of principles of cooperation, co-existence, and coordination
between union, state and local level. Emphasis is placed on the plan to
increase the size of the national economy by centralizing investment in
international and regional levels, focusing on investment in the area of
converters through the mobilization of cooperative sectors of the economy.
This fifteenth plan of Nepal will focus on building a foundation for the
realization of economic prosperity and civic happiness by maintaining
harmony in the functioning of the three levels of government through the
mobilization of internal and external resources and resources and
intergovernmental finance.

Challenges and opportunities of the fifteenth periodic plan:

The task of equitable economic prosperity and qualitative improvement in

the lives of the citizens is challenging. For this, it is necessary to achieve
rapid economic growth by building modern infrastructure and quality human
capital. The elimination of absolute and multidimensional poverty and the
need to reduce income inequality drastically require huge resources and
resources.
Likewise, the task of systematic urbanization, integrated and secure
settlement development, rural infrastructure development, increase in
consumption of clean energy and development of information technology
are equally important. Equally challenging is the commercialization of
agriculture and forest products, the expansion of the industry sector and
the enhancement of the quality of the service sector.
The development of productive employment opportunities through the
development of healthy and educated citizens and skilled human
resources, the use of demographic benefits and the efficient and effective
implementation of financial federalism while maintaining macroeconomic
stability are challenging.
The implementation of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the
constitution will require plenty of resources and resources to achieve its
progress and sustainable development goals. Creating an environment of
sophisticated and dignified living for the common people and providing
social security and protection is difficult to build a fair society. At the same
time, the task of achieving sustainability and climate adaptability while
minimizing disaster risk is equally challenging. The cost estimation,
distribution, and manpower and institutional arrangements of the resources
to fulfill the task responsibilities of the union, state and local level are also
challenging.
Due to the active government and institutional stability at the union, state
and local levels, the country is moving forward towards economic
prosperity including social justice and the competitive spirit of sustainable
development, prosperity and good governance at the state and local level
is in itself an opportunity. Also, the potential for utilizing the available
demographic benefits in the development of the country through human
capital creation is high.
Creating a comfortable environment for investment focus by identifying the
conductive sectors of the economy’s auxiliary sectors and converting
areas, improving the public service flow through capital transfers at the
state and local level, improving public service flows, employment, income
generation and poverty alleviation and development of the local economy.
The rise in national production Civic sense of the natural, geographical,
biological, environmental, and social and cultural diversity is an opportunity
for multi-use.
There is potential for a huge contribution to the creation of national capital
through investment in the private sector, professionalism and
competitiveness enhancement and mobilization of productive sectors of the
community and cooperative sectors.
During the planning period, investment in the connector sectors of the
economy and transformational programs/projects will help in building a
more equitable society through the increase in the size of the economy and
the equitable distribution of the returns it receives. There is a possibility of
increasing public investment by expanding the scope of finance towards
internal sources.
Inter-government partnerships and public-private partnerships have shown
that it can mobilize the necessary investment for capital formation. Also, the
commitment from the bilateral and bilateral development partners provides
the assurance of resources. The expansion of the service sector by the
development of economic, social and physical infrastructure will help
increase the productivity and productivity of the economy.
This will help to achieve prosperity by maintaining macroeconomic stability
through productive employment creation, export promotion, and import
management.

National Goals:

The Fifteenth Plan of Nepal will be the basis for achieving long-term
thinking of “Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali“. In accordance with this, the
national goal of the scheme is to build a foundation for upgrading high-
income countries by transforming it into a socialist-oriented public welfare
state with a rich economy, social justice, and sophisticated living.

National Strategy:

1. Promoting rapid, sustainable and economical employment:

Rapid, sustainable and employment-based economic growth will be
achieved through basic and macro-infrastructure construction, production
and utilization of clean credit, high cost and commercial agriculture,
productive industry and tourism development and expansion of trade.
In addition to enhancing the effectiveness of the public sector, the country
will be developed as an international/regional economic (tourism,
commercial, educational and financial) center, with wider mobilization and
strengthening of the private, cooperative and community sectors,
development of regional and local economies and improvement of project
governance. In addition, a comprehensive and subject-area strategy will be
adopted for the maximum utilization of capital, labor, and natural resources.

2. Ensure accessible and quality healthcare and education:

At the local level, equitable access of citizens to health services will be
established by developing health infrastructure including basic health
services. The use of the latest technology and the availability of manpower
and efficiency will be ensured to ensure the quality of health services in
medicine and treatment systems, physicians and service effects.
A policy of minimization and risk management will be adopted to reduce the
cost of healthcare delivery. For this, the health system will be improved by
expanding health insurance. A healthy lifestyle will be promoted while
making citizens responsible for health.
In addition to ensuring free and compulsory basic education and free
secondary education, accessible access to quality education, technology-
friendly, employment-oriented, and life-long education will be developed
and expanded. Specialized and higher education will be expanded and
strengthened at the local level for technical education and at the state level.
Strengthening educational and educational institutions, building quality
infrastructure, good governance and competitive ability will be enhanced.
The government’s investment and role in the overall development of
education and the health sector will be leadership. In addition, the role of
the private, cooperative and community sectors will be developed as
complementary. Nepal will be developed as a regional center for providing
quality healthcare and technical and specialized higher education.

3. Developing Internal and Inland Interdependence and Sustainable Cities /

Settlements:
The investment will be concentrated in this area, which is one of the major
contributors to economic growth. Inter-dependency development,
production cost reduction and competitive capacity will be enhanced based
on an integrated transport system for the construction of national, regional
and local road networks, tunnelways, highways, railways, waterways, and
airports. It will also help increase domestic and international trade and
quality tourism.
Large infrastructure, including extensive and under construction, will be
completed, including reconstruction. The capacity and efficiency of the
construction business will be increased by increasing investment in modern
technology and equipment for the development of this sector.
Infrastructure will be developed to enhance the production, distribution, and
consumption of debt. For this, internal and inland power transmission lines
will be constructed while constructing multiple, reservoir and exportable
projects. In addition, the use of electrical equipment and vehicles will be
enhanced while emphasizing renewable loans including solar, wind,
biogas. The use of modern electrical equipment will be encouraged to
increase application efficiency and per capita electricity consumption.
In order to promote an economy based on information technology, modern
infrastructure related to information highways and information technology
will be built and the flow of electronic services will be enhanced.
Government services will be fully integrated into the electricity system
within the next five years.
Modern, safe and sustainable cities and integrated settlements will be
developed to manage the growing settlements and urbanization. A
systematic settlement with the dense city, urban corridor, specialized and
mountainous cities with modern infrastructure and the pollution-free urban
environment will be developed.
Necessary infrastructure will be constructed for the management and
processing of drinking water and waste at the regional and local levels
while building large projects in the drinking water sector. Integrated
settlement development, civic housing planning and interdependence
between rural and urban areas will be enhanced. A new city will be built to
expand local economic activities and create employment opportunities.
4. Productivity and productivity enhancement:
Rapid and intensive expansion of irrigation facilities, effective
implementation of land use policy, integration of land and agitation,
adoption of advanced seed-seeding, fertilizer and modern technology,
mechanization, modernization, commercialization of agriculture with
emphasis on low cost/volume high cost and organic agricultural production
and processing.
And industrialization will be done. For this, agricultural research and
technology development, subsidized agricultural loans, agricultural
insurance, agricultural dissemination services, ensuring the availability of
fertilizers and seeds, promotion of agriculture, investment and market
management will be done at the local and regional levels.
Along with major food crops, strategic interventions will be undertaken to
ensure self-reliance in fisheries and livestock production. The minimum
support price of major agricultural products before the production of the
crop will be effectively implemented.
Establishment of industrial zones, special economic zones, economic
corridors and industrial villages, an operation to the full potential of existing
industries, promotion of small and medium enterprises and production will
be enhanced by incentives and regulation based on production.
The development, rehabilitation and expansion of agriculture and forestry,
construction, pharmaceuticals, handicrafts, ready-made garments, and
other productive industries with the comparative advantage will be
maintained and affiliation with regional and global value chain will be
maintained.
Competitive capacity and productivity will be increased through the easy
and accessible supply of energy, cost of transportation and storage,
reduction, use of clean, sophisticated and modern technology, study
research, entrepreneurship development, social security scheme, good
labor, and environmental balance.
The construction and up-gradation of airports and other major tourist
infrastructure will be developed, tourism destinations will be developed,
tourism destinations will be developed and the tourism sector will be
promoted. Strategic interventions will be undertaken to modernize, develop
and expand the service sectors including transport, trade, financial services
and so on.
The effectiveness of financial services will be enhanced through financial
access, inclusion and literacy. In addition, the productivity of the economy
will be increased by reducing transportation and transportation costs and
time, improving the regulatory system and cutting business costs.

5. Provide complete, sustainable and productive social security and

protection:
All citizens will be provided with the opportunity provided by the
Constitution, the services provided by the state, full security and respect
and social protection. For the inclusive economic growth, elimination of
absolute poverty, and equitable distribution of income, equitable access,
distribution and utilization of the means of production, employment and
opportunities will be ensured.
A program of comprehensive and integrated social security and protection
will be implemented based on the participation and contribution of the
employers, workers, and citizens of the organized and unorganized sector.
The state will implement special protection programs for marginalized and
at-risk communities and citizens. Social Security-related funds will be
mobilized to increase national income and maintain macroeconomic
stability.

6. To build a just society with poverty alleviation and economic social

equality:
Programs on building a safe, decent and equitable society will be
implemented by ending gender equality and ending all forms of violence,
discrimination, exclusion, and perversion. Emphasis will be given to equal
access and distribution on all types of opportunities including education,
health, employment, representation. Emphasis will be given on the
establishment of healthy and vibrant social life through the protection and
promotion of socio-cultural diversity, social and community activities and
social capital mobilization.
Interdependence and cooperation between the Union, the province and the
local level will enhance independence, national unity, and collective spirit.
Moral and civic education and socio-cultural awareness will be launched as
a campaign. The justice system will be developed in a simpler, less costly
and timely manner so that justice can be achieved.

7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Development of Operations and

Sustainability:
The contribution of land, forest, water resources, and mineral resources to
agriculture, industry, and services will be increased and protected.
Commercial and agricultural forest and non-timber forest products will be
increased towards the forest area.
⋆ Also read :Causes of Demand curve sloping downwards
Strategic interventions will be made so that the scientific, systematic and
balanced use of forest produce and re-plantation will be self-reliant in wood
production. The feasibility study of the mining and mining sectors will be
linked to the value chain. Integrated projects will be implemented in a cost-
effective manner for the multilateral utilization of abundant water resources.
In addition, the use of natural resources will emphasize the conservation of
biodiversity and environmental balance.
A strategy will be adopted to adapt to climate change and reduce the risk of
disaster. In order to prepare for disaster management, rescue, relief, and
rehabilitation, basic proof will be given to the institutional and structural
reforms and development processes of the union, state and local levels.

8. Strengthening public service, promoting regional balance and national

unity:
On the basis of cooperation, co-existence and coordination in the federal
governance system, public services provided by the federal, state and local
level will be made agile, transparent and accountable. The services and
facilities directly involved with the citizenry will be provided from the local
level.
For balanced regional development, production, infrastructure construction,
and quality services will be distributed at the state level. Strategic
development, product, service assurance, and research and development
will remain the priority of the Association. Electricity system adoption and
inter-dependency will be developed to modernize the service flow of the
three levels of government.
The multidimensional aspects of good governance will be improved for
development and prosperity while strengthening national unity, security,
and dignity. The federal governance system will be strengthened by
increasing access to financial services, inclusion, and literacy.

Internalization of Sustainable Development Goals:

The macro-national goals, destinations, indicators and expected

achievements of the Fifth Plan have been formulated to align with the goals
of sustainable development while formulating regional policies, strategies,
and strategies. The quantitative goals and strategies outlined above cover
the three dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals.
In addition, macroeconomic policy, a target of economic growth rate, the
estimate of total investment, investment of public, private and cooperative
sectors, the regional contribution to the gross domestic product,
determination of needs and sustainable development target needs, cost
estimation and financial strategy have also been laid. Special emphasis will
be given on the internalization and localization of sustainable development
goals during the planning period.
Implementation of the goals and strategies of the scheme related to
economic growth, employment, uplifting infrastructure, industrialization, the
sustainability of cities and settlements, consumption and production
required for sustainable development will help achieve the goals of
sustainable development. Likewise, implementation of the goals and
strategies formulated in areas like gender equality, good governance, and
social security will help achieve the goals of Sustainable Development.
In this plan, poverty reduction, starvation, drinking water systems and
strategies for all have addressed the goals of Sustainable Development.
Similarly, strategies related to the health and education sectors have been
formulated to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4. The
scheme also sets out strategies for natural resource management and the
development of sustainability.
Implementation of these strategies will help achieve Sustainable
Development Goals. In addition, this plan emphasizes the partnership with
the public, private, cooperative, community sector as well as internal and
external stakeholders to achieve the development goals as envisaged by
the Sustainable Development Goal.

Regional role in the development:

a. Public Sector:
The public sector will play a leading role in achieving the development
goals, including the national thinking of ‘Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali’.
The sector will play an important role in building a socialist-oriented
economy while achieving rapid, sustainable and employment-oriented
economic growth. This sector will motivate private, cooperative and
community and non-government sector investment and participation in the
overall development effort.
The public sector will formulate, implement, monitor and regulate the
policies, plans, strategies, and criteria needed to build a socialist-oriented
economy. The institutional capacity of regulatory bodies will be enhanced.
The state will play an important role in building investment environment,
infrastructure development and production and productivity enhancement
to maintain high, sustainable and inclusive economic growth and
sustainability. The policy will be adopted to provide financial incentives
while maintaining financial stability.
The public sector will play a leading role in building social justice, regional
balance, decent and equitable society. Emphasis will be given on economic
empowerment while equitable distribution and redistribution of economic
achievement. The federal governance system will be strengthened by
maintaining good governance, peace, and order, social security, and
protection, protection of human rights and a guarantee of productive
employment. The public sector will play an important role in making citizens
feel sophisticated and dignified.

b. Union:
The constitution of Nepal has established the relationship between union,
state and local level based on the principles of cooperation, co-existence,
and coordination. The union will cooperate, coordinate and partner with the
state and local level to implement national thinking, goals, objectives, and
priorities. While formulating this plan, the responsibilities of the
constitutional provisions and specific task responsibilities in the schedule,
the laws related to the implementation of the constitution, the government’s
policies and priorities and international commitments have also been taken
into account.
The plans, policies, and programs of the state and local level will be
formulated and implemented so as to harmonize and complement the
thinking, goals, objectives, and strategies of the scheme. National goals of
economic prosperity and citizen happiness will be achieved through
efficient mobilization of the means of production available with the
cooperation and cooperation of the state and local level.
The Union will implement central planning, policymaking, regulation,
coordination, criterion-making and large and large-scale projects and
programs. In addition, the Association will emphasize strategic
development, production, service assurance and research and
development In order to increase the productivity and productivity of
agriculture, industry, construction and service sectors and increase the
standard of living of the people, it will work according to the concept of
inclusive and balanced development.
For this purpose, according to the constitution of Nepal and the
Intergovernmental Finance Management Act, the financial transfer will be
made including equilibrium, conditional, supplementary and special grants
and revenue sharing. The association will also carry out the necessary
capacity development and facilitation to achieve the objective of the plan’s
overall and subject-area thinking.
For this, the model will formulate plans, policies, laws, and procedures. In
addition, the National Planning Commission will transfer the necessary
knowledge and skills related to development plans, including long-term
thinking, planning, annual budget, and medium-term spending structure
monitoring and evaluation at the state and local levels. The union will
provide the necessary support to build a strong foundation for the state and
local economy.

c. Province:
The province will act as a coordinator, cooperative and cooperative in
achieving the thinking, goals, objectives, and strategies of the development
of the Government of Nepal, implementing policies and programs and
building development. According to the concept of participatory
development, it will formulate, implement and monitor the state-level plans,
policies, programs, to carry forward the development process.
In addition, the living standard of the people will be improved by selecting
and implementing programs and projects of regional importance and
priority by creating a suitable investment environment at the state level.
Emphasis will be given on creating an environment of cooperation,
coordination, and competition for development and prosperity among the
provinces.
The state-level will play a key role in enhancing the quality and
effectiveness of good governance, peacekeeping, employment growth, and
public service delivery. Cooperation, coordination, and partnership will be
made with the private, non-government, cooperative and community
sectors for the economic development of the state level. By developing
manpower and institutional capacity, the state level will be made inclusive,
professional, competitive, service-oriented and self-sufficient.
Sustainable management of state-level resources will be encouraged and
maximum utilization will be encouraged. Capacity enhancement works will
be carried out at the state level by formulating plans, implementing and
monitoring and evaluating them. In addition, arrangements will be made for
financial transfer as per material basis and criteria.

d. Local-level:
The local level will form the basis of prosperity through the development
and expansion of the local economy by coordinating, cooperating and
cooperating to achieve the thinking, goals, and objectives of the
development of the Union and the State Government. For this, the mutual
partnership will be maintained with inclusive representation, enhancement
of resources and easy access to the service provider body.
Local-level will play a key role in the delivery of basic services to the
citizens. This level will formulate and implement policies, plans, and
programs in accordance with the federal and state-level plans and policies.
The implementation of projects and programs will improve the living
standard of the citizens by creating an appropriate environment for
mobilization and investment of resources and resources as per the need.
The investment will be increased in rural development and local
infrastructure construction with integrated thinking at the local level. In
addition, a financial incentive policy will be adopted for the operation of
social awareness campaigns, development and promotion of good
governance jointly.
This level will play a key role in guaranteeing public service facilities,
including education, health, electricity, drinking water, and sanitation,
establishing them as the base centers for effective service flow and
development management. For this, the local level will partner and
cooperate with the private, non-government and community sectors.
There will be a local level cooperative role in peacekeeping, employment
generation, and human resource development. Local governance will be
maintained by making the services flowing from the local level inclusive,
professional, competitive, service-oriented and self-reliant.

e. Private sector:
The private sector will play an important role in the overall development
process. The private sector will play its role as specified by the policies and
laws adopted by the constitution of Nepal. The private sector will have a
role to play in supporting and cooperating in the socio-economic
development of the country by developing an investment-friendly
environment to achieve the goals and objectives as per the government’s
development thinking, policies and plans.
The private sector will enhance competitiveness and carry out
developmental construction work with a fair distribution of risk according to
the concept of public-private partnership. The goal of sustainable
development will be achieved by providing necessary incentives to
increase private sector investment in agriculture, industry, construction and
service sectors.
The sector will assist in the production of quality goods and services, easy
and accessible supply management, quality infrastructure construction,
import management, export promotion and create productive and dignified
employment. It will enhance the reputation of the private sector by
maintaining institutional good governance, sound industrial relations, child
labor prevention, participation in social security and protection, and carrying
out institutional social responsibility.
The financial sector will help maintain stability and good governance. By
enhancing domestic and foreign investment, bilateral and multilateral
commitments and agreements will help meet the opportunities and
challenges of opportunity.
f. Co-operative sector:
The cooperative sector will play a supportive role in the overall
development process by following the principles and legal arrangements
adopted by the constitution of Nepal as specified in the cooperative values
and adherence to principles and developing a culture of mutuality and
independence. This sector will have a role to play in cooperating and
cooperating in the socio-economic development of the country in order to
achieve the goals and objectives as per the development thinking, policies
and plans.
This sector will maintain local governance, labor, skills, and capital in a
cooperative manner and will help to increase employment and income and
poverty alleviation by mobilizing local resources. In addition, the region will
assist in achieving socio-economic and cultural transformation and
inclusive economic growth of the members by producing, processing and
marketing of goods and services of human need.

g. Non-governmental organizations, civil society, and community sectors:

Non-governmental organizations, civil society, and community sectors will
play a supportive role in the overall development effort. This sector will
assist in poverty alleviation, capacity building, citizen awareness, and duty
awareness and empowerment by conducting programs in the area of
development goals and priorities of the government.
It will also assist in the development, production growth and service
delivery of remote and backward areas. The sector will play its role by
maintaining institutional governance while maintaining transparency,
accountability, and frugality.

Health and Nutrition in the current 15th periodic plan of Nepal (2076 BS –
2080/81 BS)
 ⋆ Also read :Exceptions or Limitations of law of demand
Here are the major strategies, vision, goals, objectives, and course of
actions of the 15th periodic plan of Nepal that can be useful to students of
Class 10, XI, XII and higher relating to EPH (Environment, Population, and
Health). This article can be taken as a reference to guide their study
regarding the Health and nutrition plan of Nepal. The source of this article
is the National Planning Commission, 15th Periodic Plan of Nepal, (Draft).

Health and Nutrition in 15th periodic plan of Nepal:

Vision:

Development of healthy, productive, responsible and happy citizens.

Goal:

Development and expansion of effective health systems at all levels and

provide quality health service assurance and access to all the citizens.

Objectives:

Development and Expansion of balanced and equitable health services at

national, provincial and local levels.
Conversion of profit-oriented health sectors to service-oriented sectors and
ensure quality and efficient health service.

Strategies:
1. Increase the access of all citizens to preventive, promotive, curative,
rehabilitative and palliative health care.
Development and expansion of Ayurvedic, naturopathy and other health
systems.
2. Improve the health conditions of the mother, infants, children,
adolescents, and management of the family.
3. Development of skilled manpower accountable to manage issues like
population distribution, difficult geographical location and develop need-
based hospitals and health institutions.
4. Increase national investment in the health sector and promote
sustainable health finance.
5. Implementation of a multidimensional nutrition plan effectively.
6. Production of medicines, health equipment, distribution of medicines,
inventory management, and import of quality medical accessories.

The course of actions:

1. Management of pharmaceutical waste through integration with the
local and provincial governments.
2. Commercial farming of medicinal herbs and production of modern
medical equipment.
3. Promotion of the health service at all levels and equitable health
insurance to all the citizens.
4. Implementation of ‘One school, one health personnel’ policy through
collaboration with educational sectors.
5. Promotion of personal hygiene, sanitation and quality food for the
alleviation of malnutrition.
6. Expansion of mental health services at all levels.
7. Control of communicable as well as non-communicable, infectious
diseases and promotion of health services effectively through strategic
planning.
 

Here is the unofficial translation of health and nutrition

plans in the fifteenth periodic plan of Nepal.
1. Background of Health and Nutrition in Nepal:
Nepal’s constitution provides every citizen with the fundamental right to
receive basic health care free of charge from the state. In view of the
importance of healthy and productive citizens in the development of the
country, it is the responsibility of the state to ensure equitable access to
quality and all-round health services through increased investment in the
region. In this context, according to the concept of a public welfare state,
the health sector needs to be gradually transformed from a profitable to a
serviceable sector. According to the list of single and common rights of the
constitution, the responsibility of health services to the union, state and
local level has been placed within the union’s authority, including health
policies, standards, quality, monitoring, traditional treatment services and
transmission of disease control. Coordination and cooperation of the
Ministry are indispensable for its effective implementation.
There is a national agenda for achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals, based on the international commitments made in time, the existing
policies of the Government of Nepal and the major problems, challenges
and opportunities in the health and nutrition sectors. Increasing investment
in modern medicine, ayurvedic, natural, homeopathic medicine, health
governance, and research is needed to make the citizens healthy. In this
plan, the leading role of the state and the private and cooperative sectors
will have a fulfilling role in rehabilitating the health service from the people
to the doorsteps.

2. Major problems:

Failure to maintain access and uniformity of quality healthcare services as

expected by the people, service and manpower services and manpower
cannot be adequately developed, non-receipt of investment in healthcare
services, lack of modern equipment and specialist doctors as needed in
government health institutions; Non-communicable diseases, malnutrition,
accidents and Padajanya existing health problems remain. Non-
communicable diseases, change in diet and lifestyle burden and mental
health problems are a major problem to grow. Lack of coordination
between manpower production and utilization related to healthcare, the
emergence of human health problems due to climate change, increased
food insecurity and natural calamities, increasing the biological resistance
to antibiotics due to lack of proper use of antibiotics, slowing down the
maternal mortality rate. About one-third of children under 6 years of age
and reproductive-age of women have low marks of nutrition and health
care.

3. Challenges and opportunities:

a. Establish equitable access to citizens in all areas of health, provide free

quality basic health services to all locals, make healthcare available to the
most disadvantaged and at-risk citizens at high priority, reduce personal
spending on health care, determine financial resources and availability.
b. Consistent management of health organizations, health insurance
c. Balanced management of skilled manpower, healthy drug production
being independent, solving health problems related to lifestyle.
d. Increasing urbanization, effective management and regulation of
pharmaceuticals making health information systems more systematic,
integrated and technology-friendly, properly addressing the demands of all
levels of health information, evaluating, reviewing.
e. Policymaking and Decision Making.
The main challenges include increasing the use of statistics in action,
developing a method of recording the cause of death and conducting
regular research, ensuring the quality of health care and regulating good
governance in the overall health and nutrition sector.
Distribute the list of health care rights between the union, state and local
level of the constitution-provided state, implementation of health insurance
program through policies and laws, increasing the investment in health by
utilizing their own resources at the state and local level, launching new
information technology, medicines, and equipment are also major changes.
4. Vision, goals, objectives, strategies, and Action Plans:

4.1 Vision:
Healthy, productive, responsible and happy citizens.
4. 2 Goal:
By developing and expanding a robust health system at all levels, access
to quality healthcare at the people’s level will be ensured.
4.3 Objectives:
1. Balanced development and expansion of all types of health services at
the union, state and local levels.
2. To transform the non-profit health sector into a service sector, while
increasing the government’s accountability and effective regulation for
accessible and quality healthcare.
3. To promote healthy living by making service providers and servicemen
more accountable by increasing citizen access and consumption of health
services, including regional coordination and partnerships.

4.4 Strategies and action plans:

Strategy number 1. To ensure that all citizens have access to basic and
specialized and quality healthcare, including preventive, Palliative,
promotional, therapeutic, restorative and cosmetic.
Courses of Actions:
a. A package and protocol will be formulated and implemented for the
citizen’s access to free basic healthcare.
b. To extend the access of health services to the rural people by expanding
their access to quality healthcare services, telemedicine will be developed
and expanded;
c. In partnership with private and non-governmental organizations, a
rehabilitation center will be established and community-based restorative
and supportive services will be developed and expanded in partnership
with the private and non-governmental organizations.
d. Timely vaccination services will be provided based on disease burden
and cost-effectiveness. The vaccine fund will be strengthened to make
vaccine services sustainable.
e. In order to maintain a good and harmonious relationship between
physician/ health worker and patient through the code of conduct,
promotional programs will be implemented to ensure good behavior.
f. In order to improve the quality of health care provided by health
institutions of all levels, the necessary budget will be ensured by effectively
implementing Nepal Health Infrastructure Development Standards and
minimum service standards.

Strategy number 2. Planned development and extension of Ayurveda,

Naturopathy and other medical methods.
Courses of Actions:
a. The structure will be constructed for the identification, collection,
preservation, and promotion of locally available medicinal herbs, minerals,
and zinc.
b. Listing and organizing the prevailing natural medicine, alternative, and
other medical methods and services on certain criteria, establishing
national Ayurveda, yoga, meditation, pranayama, psychotherapy,
panchakarma, and natural medicine service center along with specialized
services of Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Yoga, and Naturopathy will be
promoted.
⋆ Also read :Demand Schedule, Demand curve, Demand equation

Strategy number 3. To further improve and expand the overall

development and family management services of mothers, children, and
adolescents by addressing the health needs of citizens of all age groups
according to the concept of the way of life.
Courses of Actions:
a. In line with the concept of the life cycle, the comprehensive development
of mothers, children, adolescents, and family management services will be
further improved and expanded.
b. To address the health needs of citizens of all age groups, health services
will be made senior citizens, gender and disability friendly according to the
concept of the way of life.
c. Arrangements will be made for regular health tests to quickly identify the
health risks of different age groups.
d. Arrangements will be made for the free trial of diseases such as breast
cancer and cervical cancer, which are increasing in women.
e. Special programs including fact-based midwife education and services
will be formulated and implemented to reduce maternal mortality.

Strategy number 4. To develop and expand the skilled manpower that can
bear hospital and health institutions and skill-specific social responsibility at
the union, state and local levels depending on the distribution, geographical
location, and needs of the population.
Courses of Actions:
a. To ensure that at least one basic health care center at every local level,
basic emergency surgery and primary trauma care at every local level, the
primary hospital, second-level hospital under the province, regional hospital
and union under the highly specialized hospital and under the union. At
least one specialized hospital in each province and so on.
b. The concept of “one physician/health worker-one educational institution”
belonging to a single health institution will be gradually applied to all
government health institutions, with additional facilities in government
hospitals to effectively implement this concept and expand access to
services.
c. A master plan will be formulated and implemented to determine the
number, type, location and required health manpower of the health
institution by developing modern methods and certain criteria.
d. Scholarships will be provided in various health disciplines based on the
needs of the country and the availability of financial resources.

Strategy number 5. To develop a sustainable health financial system by

increasing national investment in health.
Courses of Actions:
a. An integrated national health financing strategy will be formulated and
implemented, covering the issue of mobilizing equitable access to health
services, minimizing personal spending in health services and mobilizing
financial resources in health.
b. Quality basic health services will be made available at all local levels
through free and specialist health services as well as other health services
through equitable health insurance.

Strategy number 6. To manage and regulate cooperation and

partnerships between government, private and non-government sectors
while ensuring the leadership role of the government in healthcare.
Courses of Actions:
a. With the necessary coordination with the education sector, “one school-
one health worker policy” will be implemented.
b. An umbrella structure of the concerned business councils will be
developed and expanded by improving the manpower, structure, and scope
of regulatory bodies related to health.
c. The necessary structure will be developed and expanded by integrating
the Umbrella Act to make the health sciences institutions more organized.
d. For the purpose of achieving a definite objective, clear criteria and
procedures will be formulated to cooperate and partner with the private,
community and non-governmental health organizations.
e. Medical good governance will be maintained by including government,
private, community and co-operative sectors, and health care costs will be
fixed and regulated.
f. In order to make the province and local level responsible, proper
management of waste and pharmaceutical waste generated from hospitals
and other health institutions and laboratories will be regulated as well as
continued monitoring.

Strategy number 7. To regulate and manage the production, import,

storage, distribution, and use of new technological health products as well
as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Courses of Actions:
a. In view of the medicines provided by the Government of Nepal for free,
the country will be gradually made self-reliant in the production of
medicines.
b. Effective management of the production, storage, and distribution of
pharmaceutical and technological health materials will be made by
emphasizing the commercial cultivation of medicinal herbs and the
development and promotion of the pharmaceutical industry.
c. Regulatory bodies will be developed and expanded to make effective the
implementation of generic prescriptions, price, and quality of medicines,
minimization of antibiotic resistance, control of antibiotic abuse and drug
research.

Strategy number 8. To adopt integrated measures including community

health system for the prevention and prevention of disease control and
public health disaster management preparedness and prevention.
Courses of Actions:
a. Programs will be implemented by developing a nationally integrated
body for the study, investigation, surveillance, prevention, control,
prevention, elimination and regulation of transmitted and non-
communicable diseases.
b. Long-term strategies will be formulated and implemented through multi-
regional coordination to effectively prevent the prevention, control, and
treatment of non-communicable and chronic diseases.
⋆ Also read :Individual and Market demand curves
c. On the basis of population-based research on the weight and distribution
of hereditary diseases, including sickle cell anemia and Plexumia,
prevention and treatment programs will be formulated and implemented.
d. Access to mental health services will be expanded at all levels. Health
services related to eye, nose, ear, neck, and mouth will be developed and
expanded at the federal, state and local levels respectively.
e. A mechanism will be formulated and implemented for the immediate
addressing of disasters and epidemics at the union, state and local levels,
integrated development of ambulance services, mobilization of trained
doctors and health workers.

Strategy number 9. Increasing the use of statistics in the approval,

evaluation, review, policy-making, and decision making processes by
making health information systems more systematic, integrated and
technology-friendly, addressing the demands of all levels of health
information.
Courses of Actions:
a. Health data management will be made quality and technology-friendly,
and the use of statistics will be promoted in policy-making and decision-
making processes at all levels, including study, research, survey,
projection, analysis.
b. At the health institution level, data management will be made
technology-friendly and electronic reporting will be made from the health
institution and gradually the electronic health records will be extended to all
health institutions.
c. Arrangements will be made for the development and transmission of
information updating systems at all times in line with the national core
network as per the requirement of health data produced at the local level.
d. On the basis of national needs and priorities, the results of the study,
research, survey, and survey will be used for policy formulation and
scheduling.

Strategy number 10. To improve the working area of Nepal Health

Research Council from time to time and develop it at the state level.
Courses of Actions:
a. In order to formulate a health policy and plan based on the facts, the
structure of the Nepal Health Research Council will be expanded to the
state level, in collaboration with the university and the academic sector.

Strategy number 11. Arrangements will be made to minimize the risks to

public health through the immigration process.
Courses of Actions:
a. While developing the Immigration Health Management Information
System, policy and institutional arrangements will be made for easy access
to and access to health checks and health services before and after the
departure of the immigrant, at the destination and after arrival.

Strategy number 12. Effective implementation of coordination and

partnership of multilateral nutrition plan.
Courses of Actions:
a. In accordance with the multi-sectoral nutrition plan (Second), nutritional
related schemes formed at the state and local level will be strengthened
with a nutrition improvement plan, Arrangement will be made for
nutritionally targeted and nutritionally sensitive programs from all levels of
health institutions.
b. In order to reduce malnutrition, healthy habits will be promoted by
increasing access to and consumption of quality and healthy foods.
Strategy number 13. Include health in all policies through multi-sectoral
coordination.
Courses of Actions:
a. A health concept will be effectively implemented by addressing public
health problems, strengthening multi-regional coordination on drinking
water, environmental cleanliness, air and sound pollution, food security,
education, roads, and implementing the concept of “health in all policies”
and coordinating with concerned stakeholders.
b. The mixing and use of tobacco, alcohol, chemicals, pesticides and
inorganic products that adversely affect health will be controlled and
regulated. Production, transmission, and transmission of health-related
messages and content will be made scientific, systematic and effective in
order to discourage and control the factual and misleading messages and
advertisements that promote processed and prepared foods that harm
public health.
c. The construction of a bicycle lane, a home-care shop, a public park, an
exercise hall, a yoga center, and a gym center to promote a healthy
environment and an active lifestyle, informing all citizens to use healthy
food in line with the concept of healthy kitchens to make “my health, my
responsibility” effective. Coordination with the concerned will be provided
for the establishment.
d. Prior to the approval of the designated industries, businesses and
projects, standards and mechanisms will be arranged at the union, state
and local levels for the evaluation of public health impact, in view of
occupational health and safety.

Expected achievements after the completion of the 15th periodic plan:

a. The average life expectancy of Nepali people with a healthy, strong and
active life will be 72 years.
b. The maternal mortality ratio per 99 live births where infant mortality per
thousand live births will fall to 14 and child mortality below the age of five
will fall to 24.
c. The percentage of underweight children under the age of five will fall
from 27 to 15 percent and the condition of dwarfs will fall from 36 to 20
percent.
d. Citizens will receive basic health care free of charge.
e. Health insurance will increase to 60 percent of the population, personal
spending on health care decreases by 40 percent, government investment
in health increases by 8 percent and households with health institutions
access within a 30-minute distance will incline to 80 percent.
f. According to the protocol, 81 percent of pregnant women will undergo
health center visits at least four occasions, 79 percent of children will be
born in the presence of skilled health workers and 95 percent of children
will receive a full vaccine.
g. Malaria, black fever, and Filaria/ Filarial Elephantiasis (हात्तीपाइले रोग) will
be cured.
 

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