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SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
First Semester – Quarter 2
Week 5-6
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

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 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Practical Research 2- Quarter 2, Week 5-6

Learning Competency:
- Establish the purpose and importance of writing a good review of related literature that
conforms with scientific and acceptable guidelines.
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to
1. recognize research ethics, recall rights of human research participants and identify
scientific misconduct;
2. cite situations following the research ethics rules; and
3. develop awareness of the ethical principles in research and different scientific
misconduct.

RESEARCH ETHICS

WHAT IS ETHICS?
These are moral principles or standards that guides people in making decisions and
resolving conflicting values.
WHAT IS MORALITY?
These are set of unwritten rules that will guide people in conducting activities to
maintain harmony and order.
RESEARCH ETHICS
It is specifically interested in the analysis of ethical issues that arise in conducting
research when human beings or animals are involved as participants in research.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH ETHICS

1. It avoids the researcher from committing mistakes in the process of conducting
research.
2. It promotes essential values that help researchers on a topic to have a common
understanding of how things should go about.
3. It binds together experts from different fields by considering the important values such
as accountability, cooperation, mutual respect, and fairness among others.

SOME RESEARCH ETHICS RULES

1. Be Honest. Honesty is important in reporting the results or findings of your
investigation or research.
2. Be Objective. Report what have observed based on the facts or data that you have
gathered and avoid bias.
3. Be a Person of Integrity. Act with sincerity and should be able to keep your words true.
4. Be Caring. You should be after of the welfare and benefits of the subjects especially
when dealing with human or animals.

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 5. Be Open. Willing to accept opinions, ideas, comments and suggestions of others.
6. Be Careful. Treat your colleagues fairly and acknowledge the works of others.
7. Be Trustworthy. The data or information gathered from the research or investigation
should be kept confidential unless there is a need to be divulged in public.
8. Be Responsible. In conducting studies, consider the rules and regulation of the
different institutions. Be of help in publishing research that aims to advance
knowledge and promote social welfare.

3Rs ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN ANIMAL RESEARCH

1. Reduce. In sampling in biomedical or animal research, it is much appreciated if we will use
the least number of possible participants in a research study.
2. Refine. Procedures done in animal research must minimize the pain and suffering of the
animal participants.
3. Replace. Researchers should opt for its replacements if there is a possibility that animals can
replaced by other non-biological subjects.

RIGHTS OF HUMAN RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

a. Rights to Voluntary Participation
All participants should participate in a research out of his free will and he can back out
from the research if wants to.
b. Right to Informed Consent
All participant should be informed of the risk and the benefits of the research that he
will be involved.
c. Right to be Protected from Harm
Researchers should protect the participants from any form of harm.
d. Right to Confidentiality
All information taken from the participants should be kept confidential.
e. Right to Anonymity
Participants may choose not to disclose his identity to anyone including the
researchers.

SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
a. Fabrication or Falsification of Data
Data is produced without actual gathering of data or experimentation or altering of
data.
b. Non-publication of Data
Data is not recorded if it will not answer the hypotheses which is opposite to the first
scientific misconduct.
c. Faulty Data-gathering Procedures
This is cause by using inappropriate measuring equipment and treatment of the
subject, invalid procedures being followed and poor data recording.
d. Plagiarism

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 This refers to using ideas of others as your own without acknowledging the author.

Activity 1: (PERFORANCE TASK #3)

Direction: Cite a situation where the research ethics rules are being followed. Write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.

RESEARCH ETHICS RULES EXAMPLES

Be honest

Be objective

Be a person of integrity

Be caring

Be open

Be careful

Be trustworthy

Be responsible
Formative Assessment:
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if FALSE.
Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

1. Once the participants have committed to be part of the research, he/she can no longer
back out.
2. You are plagiarizing if acknowledge the author of the source you use in your research.
3. Procedures done in animal research must minimize the pain and suffering of the
animal participants.
4. In using human as subject for research, you should protect them from any forms of
harm.
5. Research can be done without the actual gathering of data.
6. All the information taken from the participants should be kept confidential.
7. Informed consent means telling the participant who you are as a researcher and what
you are studying.
8. Researchers should opt for its replacements if there is a possibility that animals can
replaced by other non-biological subjects.
9. In conducting studies, consider the rules and regulation of the different institutions.
10. In conducting research, you must consider what you feel about the study.

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