MATERI 7 (19 November 2021)

KELAS 1 IA03 MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS 1

SEMESTER GANJIL/PTA 2021/2022
DOSEN: SUPRIATNOKO
supriatnoko@yahoo.co.id

MINGGU 8: COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PARTS OF SPEECH
 NOUN
REGULAR COUNTABLES (SINGULAR) PLURAL (+S/ES)
bag bags
fork forks
eraser erasers
light lights
bridge bridges
box boxes
dress dresses
glass glasses
knife knives
life lives
wife wives
calf calves
leaf leaves
roof roofs
proof Proofs
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
hero heroes
torpedo torpedoes
veto vetoes
axis axes
analysis analyses
crisis crises
thesis theses
index indices
appendix Appendices (in appendixes in medical context)
vortex Vortices (also vortexes)

IRREGULAR COUNTABLES (SINGULAR) PLURAL

man Men
woman Women
person people
child children
mouse mice
louse lice
foot feet
goose geese
tooth teeth
ox oxen
die dice
penny pence
focus Foci (also focuses)
radius Radii (also radiuses)
fungus fungi
nucleus nuclei
cactus cacti
alumnus alumni
octopus octopi
hippopotamus hippopotami
phenomenon phenomena
criterion criteria
datum data
memorandum memoranda
bacterium bacteria
stratum strata
curriculum Curricula (also curriculums)

UNCOUNTABLES (SINGULAR) PLURAL (NO CHANGE)

sheep sheep
fish fish
deer deer
moose moose
swine swine
buffalo buffalo
shrimp shrimp
trout trout
advice advice
aircraft aircraft
watercraft watercraft
hovercraft hovercraft
spacecraft spacecraft

UNCOUNTABLES (SINGULAR) NO PLURAL

 water No plural
air No plural
oil No plural
pepper No plural
sand No plural
rice No plural
sugar No plural
love No plural
salt No plural
coffee No plural
cheese No plural
fun No plural
money No plural
music No plural
tea No plural
art No plural
assistance No plural

 PRONOUN (PRONOMINA)
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE
ADJECTIVE PRONOUN
I ME MY MINE MYSELF
YOU YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELF/YOURSEVES
WE US OUR OURS OURSELVES
THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS THEMSELVES
HE HIM HIS HIS HISELF
SHE HER HER HERS HERSELF
IT IT ITS ITS ITSELF

EXAMPLES:
 You and I = We > Dody = He > Dody and I = we
 Dody and You = You > Rini = She > She and He = They
 Dody and Rini = They > Bird = It > Birds = They

EXAMPLES:
 I am Dody ------------ > My name is Dody
 You are Rini --------- > Your name is Rini
 He is Dody ----------- > His name is Dody
 She is Rini ------------ > Her name is Rini

 VERB (VERBA)
PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
(VERB 1) (VERB 2) (VERB 3) (-ING)
IRREGULAR VERB
meet met met meeting
 see saw seen seeing
know knew known knowing
feel felt felt feeling
do did done doing
speak spoke spoken speaking
REGULAR VERB
PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
(VERB 1) (VERB 2) (VERB 3) (-ING)
study studied studied studying
listen listened listened listening
look looked looked looking
introduce introduced introduced introducing
open opened opened opening
enter entered entered entering

A. LINKING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

I HE
HAVE ------> YOU HAS ------> SHE + VERB 3?
WE + VERB 3 ? IT
THEY

LINKING: HAVE, HAS + BEEN

HAVE ----> YOU

WE + BEEN +ADJ/ADV/ NOUN
THEY
I

HAS ------ > HE

SHE + BEEN + ADJ/ADV/NOUN
IT

C. WH-QUESTION (W6H1)
 WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHICH, WHO/WHOM/WHOSE, WHY, HOW
 HOW OLD/HOW MUCH/HOW MANY/HOW LONG/HOW HIGH/HOW BIG/HOW COME/

D. SENTENCE FORMULA

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

S + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (VERB 3)

They/We/I/You + HAVE + SPOKEN + English + with their friends + SINCE last year
HAVE + They/We/I/You/ + SPOKEN + English with their friends + SINCE last year?

They/We/I/You + HAVE + NOT + SPOKEN + English + with their friends + SINCE last year

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + ADJ/ADV/NOUN

He/She/It + HAS + BEEN + IN DEPOK + FOR + 10 years

He/She/It + HAS + NOT + BEEN + IN DEPOK + FOR + 10 years
HAS + He/She/It + BEEN + IN DEPOK + FOR + 10 years?

They/We/I/You + HAVE + BEEN + in Depok + FOR + 10 years

They/We/I/You + HAVE + NOT + BEEN + in Depok + FOR + 10 years
HAVE + They/We/I/You + BEEN + in Depok + FOR + 10 years?

ADVERBS OF TIME
SINCE ………
FOR ………..
JUST …..
ALREADY …..
YET …….

She has ALREADY submitted the papers to the lecturer

She has submitted the papers to the lecturer YET
She has JUST submitted the papers to the lecturer

 ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB

ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
angry angrily good well playful playfully
anxious anxiously happy happily polite politely
bad badly hard hard quick quickly
beautiful beautifully high highly quiet quietly
brave bravely honest honestly rude rudely
calm calmly hungry hungrily safe safely
careful carefully impossible impossibly separate separately
considerable considerably important importantly selfish selfishly
correct correctly immediate immediately sharp sharply
Dramatic dramatically interesting interestingly separate separately
eager eagerly jealous jealously serious seriously
easy easily kind kindly Slow Slowly
efficient efficiently lazy lazily smooth smoothly
excited excitedly loud loudly successful successfully
extreme extremely moderate moderately sudden suddenly
fast fast natural naturally terrible terribly
furious furiously nervous nervously tired tiredly
generous generously painful painfully violent violently
 gentle gently patient patiently wise wisely
glad gladly perfect perfectly wrong wrongly
soon soon

ADJECTIVE NOUN VERB ADVERB

ADJECTIVE EXPLAINS NOUN ADVERB EXPLAIN VERB

casual dress Dress/Dressing casually
good afternoon Think/Thinking hard
efficient workers Work/Working efficiently
happy children Play/Playing happily
quick meeting Walk/Walking quickly
immediate reply Reply/Replying immediately
hopeful wife Waiting hopefully
beautiful picture Drawing beautifully
correct answer Answering correctly
good information informing well
effective budget spending effectively
loud speaker speaking loudly
lazy artist showing lazily
bad performance performing badly
important news explaining importantly

EXAMPLES:
a. She is a beautiful singer
She has already sung a song beautifully

b. It is a good information
We have already received information well
We have not just received information well

We haven’t received information well

Do you know how to use just, yet, still and already with the present perfect?

Look at these examples to see how just, yet, still and already are used.

I've just seen Sai. He's really enjoying his new job.
We haven't decided what to do yet.
I still haven't called Yumi to see how she is.
I've already had lunch but I'll join you for coffee.
Grammar explanation
We often use just, yet, still and already with the present perfect because they are related to
the present moment. This page focuses on the meaning and use of these words when they
are used with the present perfect.

just
Just used with the present perfect means 'a short time before'.

I've just seen Susan coming out of the cinema.

Mike's just called. Can you ring him back, please?
Have you just taken my pen?!

Just comes between the auxiliary verb (have/has) and the past participle.

yet
Yet used with the present perfect means 'at any time up to now'. We use it to
emphasize that we expect something to happen soon. Yet (in this context) is only used
in negative sentences and questions.

Have you finished your homework yet?

I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner.
A. Where's Sam? B: He hasn't arrived yet.

Yet comes at the end of the sentence or question.

still
Still used with the present perfect means that something hasn't happened. We use it to
emphasize that we expected the thing to happen earlier. Still (in this context) is only used
in negative sentences.

I've been waiting for an hour and the bus still hasn't come.
They promised me that report yesterday but they still haven't finished it.
She still hasn't replied to my email. Maybe she's on holiday.

Still comes between the subject (the bus, they, etc.) and auxiliary verb (haven't/hasn't).

already

Already used with the present perfect means 'before now'. We use it to emphasize that
something happened before something else or earlier than expected.

I've already spent my salary and it's two weeks before payday.
He wanted to see Sudden Risk but I've already seen it.
The train's left already!

Already can come between the auxiliary and the main verb or at the end of the clause.