Section 35 - Hydraulic Systems - Chapter 1

SECTION 35 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS – CHAPTER 1 1
SECTION 35 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Chapter 1 – Hydraulic Circuits
CONTENT
Section Description Page

35 000 Introduction and Circuit Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Closed Centre Load Sensing High Pressure Hydraulic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Open Centre High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tractors with Power Command Transmission – 175 and 190 Models . . . . . . . . . . 27
Tractors with Power Command Transmission – 120 to 155 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Tractors with Range Command Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Tractors with Dual Command Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Tractors with Shuttle Command Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
General Hydraulic Fault Finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Initial Fault Finding Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Transmission Low Pressure Warning Light ‘ON’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Charge Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Intake Filter Restriction Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Trailer Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Hydraulic Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Remote Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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2 SECTION 35 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS – CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND CIRCUIT

IDENTIFICATION
The hydraulic systems can be separated into the Front axle brake booster unit (120–155 models)
following circuits:– Creeper engagement (175 and 190 models)
Power Boosted Master cylinder (175 and 190
High Pressure Circuit models)
Hydraulic Lift Assembly
Remote Control Valves Lubrication Circuit
Trailer Brake (Where Fitted) PTO Clutch Plates
Suspended Front Axle Transmission Clutch Plates
Front P.T.O where fitted Transmission Shaft Pressure Lube
Pump Drive Gear Bearing
Steering Circuit Hydraulic Lift Cross Shaft
Steering Motor and Cylinders The high pressure circuit can be either ‘Open’ or
‘Closed Centre Load Sensing’ design and is
Low Pressure Circuit dependent on tractor model options.
Independent Power Take Off (PTO) The steering, low pressure and lubrication circuits
Differential Lock are of the ‘Open Centre’ design, however on the 175
and 190 models and models with Supersteer axles,
Front Wheel Drive engagement
the steering circuit has dynamic load sensing.
Transmission clutch and synchroniser
engagement
TRACTOR HYDRAULIC BUILD OPTIONS

High Pressure
Transmission Hydraulic Hydraulic Lift Remote Control
Hydraulic
Pump Valves
System
Shuttle Command Open Centre Gear Pump Mechanical Lower Link Open Centre
Dual Command Closed Centre Variable Flow CCLS Electronic Draft Control Closed Centre
Range Command Closed Centre Variable Flow CCLS Electronic Draft Control Closed Centre
Power Command Closed Centre Variable Flow CCLS Electronic Draft Control Closed Centre
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NOTES
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Before commencing work on a tractor it is important

to identify if the tractor has open or closed centre
hydraulics and the type of transmission.
Closed centre load sensing high pressure hydraulic
systems can be identified from the following:–
Closed centre load sensing variable
displacement piston pump.
Figure 1 shows the 120–155 models pump.
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1
Figure 2 shows the 175 and 190 models pump.
2
Closed centre remote valves (1) and Electronic
draft control (2). Electronic draft control is not
available on open centre high pressure hydraulic
systems.
3
Tractors installed with the electronic draft control
hydraulic lift assembly use a unique operator control
panel.
(1). Drop rate control knob
(2). Height limit control knob
(3). Slip limit control knob
(4). Slip limit ’on’ indicator
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The lift arm position control (1), in cab fast raise lower
switch (3) and draft loading controls (2) are also
unique to tractors with electronic draft control.
5
The raise and lowering functions of the electronic
draft control lift system can also be operated from the 1
transmission control lever(1).
6
The 175–190 closed centre model tractors can also
have electro–hydraulic remote valves (1).
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Open centre high pressure hydraulic systems can be

identified from the following:–
Open centre gear pump.
8
Open centre remote control valves
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The type of transmission installed can be identified

by inspecting the transmission control lever.
Tractors with Power Command transmission have a

single control lever with two shift buttons.
Closed centre hydraulic system only.
Figure 10 shows Power Command control lever.
10
Tractors installed with Range Command
transmission have a single control lever with three (3)
shift buttons.
11
Tractors installed with Dual Command transmission
uses two control levers.
12
Tractors installed with Shuttle Command
transmission uses three (3) control levers.
Open centre hydraulic system only.
13
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CLOSED CENTRE LOAD SENSING HIGH

PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
14
High Pressure Circuit Components and Pipework
Tractors with Variable Flow Piston Pump (120–155 models only)
1. Remote and EDC Control Valves 4. To Hydraulic Lift and Assist Ram (Where Fitted)
2. To Remotes and Hydraulic Lift Control Valve 5. Variable Flow Hydraulic Pump
3. Return to Reservoir 6. Trailer Brake Valve
(via Transmission Brake Housing) 7. Load Sense Lines
The principal of operation of the closed centre load The load sensing variable flow piston pump offers
sensing high pressure hydraulic circuit with variable significant benefits in reducing the engine power loss
flow piston pump is to supply oil flow on demand. It that occurs in open centre systems where a high
also enables simultaneous operation of the trailer volume of oil, often far in excess of demand, is
brakes, hydraulic lift, remote control valve continuously pumped round the hydraulic circuit
assemblies and front axle suspension where fitted. even when they are not being operated.
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15
High Pressure Circuit Components and Pipework
Tractors with Variable Flow Piston Pump (175–190 models only)
1. End cap with high pressure inlet and load sense 7. High pressure to steering motor
connection. 8. Variable displacement pump
2. Low pressure regulating valve and divider 9. Front suspension valve assembly
3. Electronic Draft Control (EDC) valve 10. Trailer brake valve
4. Electro–Hydraulic Remote (EHR) valves (4 or 5) 11. Pump feed to EDC and EHR via trailer brake valve
5. Return line to tank 12. Load sense line from EDC and EHR valves
6. To lift cylinders 13. High pressure feed to suspension valve
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The high pressure circuit is illustrated in Figure 40

identifies The following components.
Hydraulic pump assembly.
Figure 16 shows the 120–155 models pump
assembly.
Integral with the high pressure variable displacement
pump is the load sensing valve, containing the
pressure and flow compensating valves, the steering
pump and steering priority valve, the charge
pressure and main system filters and various
electrical switches.
TI
16
Figure 17 shows the 175 and 190 pump assembly.
NOTE: The steering pump is separate from the main
pump assembly.
17
Load sensing valve assembly, consists of a high
pressure control valve, (2) and a flow compensating
valve, (1). The load sensing valve receives hydraulic
signals from operated components and relays this to
the pump which will adjust to satisfy the system
demands.
Figure 18 shows the 120 to 155 load sense valve
assembly.
18
Figure 19 shows the 175 and 190 load sense valve
assembly.
19
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Steering pump,
The 120–155 models steering pump is attached 1
directly to the main pump assembly and driven from
the same drive as the main pump, via a link rod.
Figure 20 ,item (2) shows the 120 to 155 steering
pump.
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20
Figure 21 shows the 175 and 190 steering pump.
The steering pump of the 175 and 190 models is a
separate unit but still driven from the same drive gear
as the main pump.
A. Tube to oil cooler
B. Connection to steering motor
C. Dynamic Load sense line to the steering motor
21
Steering flow control valve, installed on the 120 –
155 models only, divides the flow of oil from the 1
steering pump between the steering motor and the
low pressure circuit. Provides a greater flow to the
steering as the steering is used.
Figure 22, item 1, shows the 120 and 155 steering
flow control valve.
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22
Steering priority valve, installed on the 175 and
190 models only, provides the steering motor with
priority oil flow and provides the lubrication oil to the
transmission clutches, pump drive gear and PTO
clutch pack.
Figure 23 shows the 175 and 190 steering priority
valve.
23
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Trailer brake valve which is located beneath the cab

just in front of the hydraulic lift assembly. The valve
diverts oil pressure to the trailer brakes whenever
both tractor brake pedals are depressed.
Figure 24 shows the 120–155 trailer brake valve.
24
Figure 25 shows the 175–190 trailer brake valve.
25
The hydraulic lift Electronic Draft Control Valve
(2) is a stack type design mounted together with the
Remote Control Valves (1) at the rear below the cab,
and incorporates the safety valve for the lift cylinders
The lift cylinder safety valve protects the lift cylinder

from shock loadings and limits the pressure in the
cylinder to 210–215 bar for 120–155 models and 230
bar for 175 and 190 models.
The hydraulic lift control valve is a proportional
solenoid operated valve, controlled by a
microprocessor, to raise and lower the hydraulic lift.
26
Closed centre load sensing remote control
valves
There are two types of remote valves available for
the closed centre system. Standard fitment are the
mechanical remote valves, (1), Figure 26 operated
via a cable from within the cab and optional on the
175–190hp models are electrically operated valves,
(1), Figure 27, which are operated by electrical
switches and have their own in–built processor to
control oil flow via a solenoid valve.
Up to four mechanical type valves can be installed,
with the electronic type having the option of a fifth
valve.
27
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Hydraulic Lift Cylinders

The main lift cylinder for the 120–155 models is
located internally within the rear axle top cover,
Figure 28.
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28
The 175 and 190 models utilizes two external
cylinders, one per lift arm, anchored to points cast
into the rear axle centre housing, Figure 29.
29
Suspended front axle control valve
Located on the right hand side of the tractor and
attached to the rear axle centre housing. Receives
high pressure oil, via the trailer brake valve, if fitted,
and with the use of processor controlled PWM valves
controls oil to a cylinder, attached between the front
axle and front support, to provide a hydraulically
controlled suspended front axle.
30
Front axle to front support hydraulic control cylinder.
31
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Hydraulic system filters

120–155 models:
(1), Main system filter
(2), Charge pressure filter
32
Hydraulic system filters
175 and 190 models:
(1), Charge pressure filter
(2), Main system filter
33
Mid–Mount Remote Valves
Optional additional remote valves mounted under
the cab. Tee’d into the high pressure oil line supplied
from the CCLS pump after the trailer brake valve and
operated via a joystick control in the cab.
34
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35
High Pressure Hydraulic System, 120–155 Models – Electrical Switches
1. Oil Temperature Switch 3. Low Charge Pressure Warning Switch
2. Intake Filter restriction (vacuum) Switch
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36
High Pressure Hydraulic System, 175 and 190 Models – Electrical Switches
1. Intake Filter restriction (vacuum) Switch 3. Low Charge Pressure Warning Switch
2. Low OIl Temperature Switch
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Steering Motor
There are two types of steering motors fitted
depending on whether the tractor is with or less
supersteer. The less Supersteer models use a fixed
displacement motor. The with Supersteer models
are of a Dynamic load sensing type with a variable
displacement, depending on the speed the steering
wheel is rotated.
37
Steering Cylinders
Receives high pressure oil directly from the steering
motor.
38
Load Sensing Shuttle Valve
Located in each remote valve slice, the Electronic
Draft Control valve and between the trailer brake
valve, front suspension valve and mid–mounted
valves, where fitted. Allows the function with the
highest pressure demand to send sensing pressure
to the load sensing valve on the CCLS pump.
1. From EDC and EHR valves
2. To load sense valve
3. From trailer brake valve
4. From front suspension valve
39
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With Reference to Figure 40. the flow control valve, then pump output continues to
Operation of the closed centre high pressure increase. When circuit demand is satisfied pump
hydraulic circuit is as follows:– pressure overcomes the combined pressure of the
load sense line and flow compensating valve spring.
The components in the high pressure hydraulic
This moves the spool in the flow compensating valve
circuit are connected by their load sensing lines to
to the right, allowing control pressure oil to be
the hydraulic load sensing valve which controls the
directed to the variable flow swash plate servo
output of the hydraulic pump.
piston, which de–strokes the pump to adjust output
When the trailer brakes, remote control valves, to circuit demand.
hydraulic lift or front axle suspension (where fitted)
For a detailed explanation on the load sensing
are operating, the load sensing valve on variable flow
operating principle of the variable flow piston pump
piston pump, compares the pressure in the
refer to Chapter 2 in this section of the Repair
component load sense line with the output pressure
Manual.
of the hydraulic pump.
If pump output pressure is less than the combined
pressure of the load sense line and spring force of
Figure 40
Closed Centre Load Sensing High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 120–155 Models
1. Remote Control Valve 5. Mid Mounted Remote Control Valve
2. Load Sense/Supply Line for Additional Remote 6. Front Suspension Control Cylinder
Valves 7. Front Suspension Control Valve
3. Load Sense Shuttle Valve 8. Trailer Brake Valve
4. Variable Displacement Hydraulic Pump 9. Electronic Draft Control Valve
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System Pressure
Steering System
Low Pressure Circuit
Trapped Oil
Return To Reservoir
Suction Oil
Brake Pedal Pressure
Charge Pump Pressure
40
Closed Centre Load Sensing High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 120 to 155 Models
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Figure 40
Closed Centre Load Sensing High Pressure Hydraulic
Circuit – 175 and 190hp Models
1. Remote Control Valve
2. Load Sense/Supply Line for Additional Remote Valves
3. Load Sense Shuttle Valve
4. Variable Displacement Hydraulic Pump
5. Mid Mounted Remote Control Valve
6. Front Suspension Control Cylinder
7. Front Suspension Control Valve
8. Trailer Brake Valve
9. Electronic Draft Control Valve
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System Pressure
Steering System
Charge Pump Pressure
Lube Circuit Oil
Trapped Oil
Return To Reservoir
Suction Oil
41
Closed Centre Load Sensing High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 175 and 190 Models
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OPEN CENTRE HIGH PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
3 4
2
8 7 6 5
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42
Open Centre High Pressure Circuit Components and Pipework
Tractors with Mechanical Hydraulic Lift and Open Centre Gear Type Hydraulic Pump
1. Open Centre Remote Control Valves 6. Steering, Low Pressure and Lubrication Circuit Gear
2. Lift Cover Control Valve Pump
3. From Remotes to Lift Cover Control Valve 7. High Pressure Circuit Gear Pump
4. To Steering Motor (Steering Circuit) 8. To Hydraulic Lift and Assist Ram (Where Fitted)
5. Steering Motor Return to Low Pressure Circuit
On open centre high pressure hydraulic systems all The priority of operation is given to the order of
components are connected in series and pump flow components in the circuits, that is trailer brakes,
is continually circulating through the hydraulic remote valves and hydraulic lift. This means for
system even when the circuits are not being example when fully operating a remote valve the
operated. hydraulic lift will not operate at the same time unless
a flow divider valve is installed in the remote valve
stack.
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The open centre high pressure hydraulic circuits for

tractors installed with mechanically controlled
hydraulic lift are shown in Figures 49 and include the
components shown on the following pages.
Open centre hydraulic pump assembly comprising of

the high pressure gear pump (1) and steering and low
pressure gear pump (2).
43
High pressure circuit relief valve located at the base
of the pump diverts pump flow to sump if the system
pressure reaches 190 bar (2760 lbf/in2).
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44
The trailer brake valve is located beneath the cab on
the left hand side of the tractor. The valve diverts oil
pressure to the trailer brakes whenever the right
hand tractor brake pedals is depressed. This is unlike
the valve installed on the closed centre system
where both pedals have to be depressed in order for
the valve to operate.
The trailer brake has absolute priority over other
services in the circuit.
45
The open centre remote valves are available as two
three or four valves per tractor.
The valves can be double–acting with float and kick
out.
Double acting convertible to single–acting with float.
Double acting convertible to single–acting.
When four remote valves are installed the optional
flow divider valve (1) is available enabling
simultaneous operation of remote valve No 1 with
another remote valve or hydraulic lift.
46
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On Synchro Command tractors which are fitted with

mechanical hydraulic lift, the lift cylinder control valve
assembly is located at the rear of the hydraulic lift
assembly. The lift cylinder safety valve is mounted
on the rear face of the control valve which must be
removed to obtain access.
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47
The low pressure regulating valve is located in the
transmission side cover and regulates the pressure
in the low pressure circuit to 16–18 bar
(232–261 lbf/in2).
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48
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High Pressure Circuit for Tractors with Open

Centre Hydraulics and Mechanical Hydraulic
Lift
With Reference to Figure 49. assembly, which controls the raising and lowering of
Both the high and low pressure pumps are driven by the lift.
a ‘live’ drive gear train directly connected to the PTO All excess oil flow produced by the hydraulic pump is
clutch input drive shaft and driven by the engine returned direct to the rear axle through the control
flywheel. valve spool located in the hydraulic lift control valve
Oil is drawn through the common intake port and filter assembly.
to both the high and steering/low pressure pump Also located within the assembly is the lift cylinder
assemblies. safety valve, which protect the lift cylinder and seals
The high pressure pump supplies constant oil flow from excessive peaks of pressure during operation.
according to engine speed, through the trailer brake For further details on operation of the mechanical
and open centre remotes. hydraulic lift assembly, trailer brake valve and open
Oil, after passing through the remotes, enters the centre remotes refer to the appropriate Chapters in
hydraulic lift control valve located at the rear of the lift this Section of the Repair Manual.
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Open Centre High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit Operation 49

Tractors With Mechanical Hydraulic Lift
Hydraulic Lift Operating
Steering System Oil System Pressure Oil Trapped Oil
Low Pressure Circuit Oil

16–18 bar (230–261 lbf/in2) Return to Reservoir Oil Lubrication Oil
Suction Oil
1. Intake Filter 7. Lift Cylinder Safety Valve

2. High Pressure Circuit Gear Pump 8. Mechanical Hydraulic Lift Assembly
3. Pressure Relief Valve
9. Steering and Low Pressure Circuit Gear Pump
4. Trailer Brake Valve
5. Open Centre Remote Control Valves 10. Steering Motor
6. Lift Control Valve 11. Low Pressure Circuit Pressure Regulating Valve
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LOW PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
175 and 190 Model Tractors with Power

Command Transmission
The low pressure hydraulic circuit for tractors with
Power Command transmissions is shown on
Figure 62
The function of the principal components in the
circuit are described as follows:
High pressure oil from the CCLS variable
displacement pump, via the trailer brake valve if
fitted, is supplied to a flow dividing and low pressure
regulating valve, located in the end slice of the
remote valves and EDC assembly.
The oil is divided in the valve, depending on system
demands and the oil destined for the low pressure
system is regulated to 24 bar, this oil is also the pilot
line supply for the Electro–Hydraulic remotes,
excess oil is returned to sump.
50
The brake booster supply valve and accumulator
assembly is located on the right hand side of the rear
axle centre housing. The assembly is supplied with
oil directly from the low pressure regulating valve
outlet.
51
The valve allows low pressure oil to supply the brake

pedal booster units (1) when the tractor is producing
sufficient oil pressure. If the oil pressure is lost the
valve will close the brake system off from the low
pressure system and the accumulator will provide
sufficient pressure for several brake applications.
52
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The low pressure distributor valve block is

located under the cab to the rear of the rear axle
centre housing. The block is fed oil directly from the
low pressure regulating valve outlet. Located in the
valve block are the solenoid valves for the 4WD,
differential lock, P.T.O and P.T.O. brake.
NOTE: The four wheel drive is spring applied and the

solenoid is energised whenever disengagement of
the drive is required.
C034 Four Wheel Drive

C033 PTO Brake
C042 PTO Engagement 53
C041 Differential Lock
The transmission top cover contains all the
transmission control solenoids. The range solenoids
for engagement of the transmission range clutches
and clutch engagement solenoids A, B, C, D and E.
The low pressure oil is again supplied direct from the
regulating valve outlet and is distributed by galleries
within the top cover.
Solenoid Function
C040 Reverse Clutch
C039 High Range Clutch
C032 Low Range Clutch
C031 Medium Range Clutch 54
C268 19th Gear Solenoid (50 kph Models)
C024 A Clutch
C025 B Clutch
C026 C Clutch
C027 D Clutch
C028 E Clutch
NOTE: The ’C’ number prefix before each solenoid
description is the electrical connector reference.
55
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Transmission Creeper
The creeper actuating solenoid valve is located on
the left hand side of the the rear axle centre housing.
The solenoid is supplied with low pressure oil from
the distributor block.
56
Lubrication Oil
Lubrication oil can be supplied from three sources.
The steering priority valve (1) located on the end of
the steering pump supplies oil to the lube circuit when
the unit does not require oil for steering puposes.
Lubrication oil is also supplied from the return side of
the steering motor and from the charge pressure
circuit via a supplementary lube valve.
57
The supplementary lube valve is located in a three
way elbow in the inlet tube to the steering pump. The
valve is rated at 0.8bar and will only operate when
there is a drop in the lube pressure circuit below the
combined pressure of the charge pressure circuit
and the 0.8bar of the valve.
58
The steering pump / steering return oil is directed
through the oil cooler at the front of the tractor and is
limited to a maximum pressure of 5 bar (73 lbf/in2)
by the lubrication relief valve (2) located in the
transmission top cover. Components lubricated by
this oil are transmission shafts and clutches,
hydraulic pump drive gear and PTO clutch.
59
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When the oil is cold and pressure differential across

the oil cooler is higher than 6 bar (87 lbf/in2) the
cooler by–pass valve (1) located in the tranmission
top cover will operate to ensure that adequate flow to
the lubrication circuit is maintained. This feature of
diverting oil from the cooler assists in aiding a rapid
warm up of oil in cold weather conditions.
60
61
Power Command Transmission Top Cover – 175 and 190 Models
1. From steering pump flow divider (lube oil) 7. Low pressure feed for transmission
2. Return from steering motor 8. Feed to 19th gear dump solenoid
3. To oil cooler 9. Low pressure supply to brake booster circuit
4. Return from oil cooler 10. Low pressure oil – low pressure warning switch
5. Supplementary lube oil from charge circuit 11. Transmission oil temperature sensor
6. To lube circuit
D. Transmission Clutch A solenoid G. Transmission Clutch D solenoid
E. Transmission Clutch B solenoid H. Transmission Clutch E solenoid
F. Transmission Clutch C solenoid
M Medium Range clutch solenoid R Reverse raange clutch solenoid
F High range clutch solenoid 19 19th gear clutch solenoid
S Low range clutch solenoid
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NOTES
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Figure 62
Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 175 and 190 Model Tractors with Power Command Transmission
1. Brake Booster Valve 11. Creeper Solenoid
2. Transmission Top Cover 12. Low Pressure oil distribution Manifold
3. OIl Cooler By–Pass 13. PTO Brake
4. Lube relief valve 14. PTO Clutch Lubrication Valve
5. Accumulator 15. Lift Cylinders
6. Steering Motor 16. Rear Differential Lock
7. Brake System Accumulator 17. Four Wheel Drive Clutch
8. Low Pressure Regulating Valve and Relief Valve 18. Front Differential LOck
9. Electro–Hydraulic Remote 19. Oil Cooler
10. Steering / Lube Priority Valve
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High Pressure / Steering

System Oil
Lubrication Oil
Static oil
Return To reservoir
Suction Oil
62
Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 175–190 Model Tractors
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LOW PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS
120–155hp Tractors with Power Command

Transmission
The low pressure hydraulic circuit for tractors with
Power Command transmissions is shown on
Figure 62.
The function of the principal components in the
circuit are described as follows
Oil is drawn through the steering and low pressure
circuit pump (1) to the steering flow control valve (2)
which diverts oil to both the low pressure and
steering circuits, with priority flow to steering on
demand. Return flow from the steering circuit
combines with the flow from the pump to the low
pressure and lubrication circuit.
Operation of the priority valve is dependant on type
of front axle installed i.e standard or supersteer
axles.
Refer to Steering Section 41 for further details. 1
2
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63
The brake booster valve located immediately in
front of the cab fire wall is supplied with oil from the
low pressure circuit.
When both brake pedals are depressed oil from the
low pressure circuit acts on a piston in the brake
booster valve and pressurises the oil in the brake
booster circuit to apply the front brakes.
64
The low pressure regulating valve in the
transmission top cover limits the pressure in this
circuit to 16–18 bar (230–261 lbf/in2) and the excess
flow passes into the lubrication circuit.
65
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The transmission top cover contains range solenoids

for engagement of the transmission range clutches,
operation of the differential lock, PTO clutch and
brake and disengagement of the four wheel drive.

Solenoid Function
C040 Reverse Clutch
C039 High Range Clutch
C042 PTO Engagement
C041 Differential Lock 66
C032 Low Range Clutch
C031 Medium Range Clutch
C034 Four Wheel Drive
C033 PTO Brake
67
PWM Solenoid Valve Function
The pulse width modulated solenoids in the
transmission top cover are used to progressively
engage/disengage the transmission clutches A, B,
C, D and E.
C024 A Clutch
C025 B Clutch
C026 C Clutch
C027 D Clutch
C028 E Clutch
68
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Low pressure circuit oil is directed through the oil

cooler at the front of the tractor and is limited to a
maximum pressure of 7 bar (100 lbf/in2) by the
lubrication valve located in the front of the
transmission. Components lubricated by this oil are
transmission shafts and clutches, hydraulic pump
drive gear, hydraulic lift cross shaft and PTO clutch
lubrication.
TIA35158
69
the oil cooler is higher than 3.5 bar (50 lbf/in2) the
cooler by–pass valve located in the top cover will
operate to ensure that adequate flow to the
lubrication circuit is maintained. This feature of
70
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Figure 62
Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – Tractors with Power Command Transmission
1. Brake Booster Valve 5. Low Pressure Regulating Valve
2. Pulse Width Modulating Valve Manifold 6. Lubrication restriction Solenoid
3. Steering Priority Valve 7. Lubrication Regulating Valve
4. Transmission Top Cover
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Steering System
Lubrication Oil
Return To reservoir
Suction Oil
Brake Boosted Pressure
71
Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 120–155hp Tractors with Power Command Transmission
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Low Pressure Circuit Operation

120–155hp Tractors with Range Command
Transmission
With Reference to Figure 79.
pressure and lubrication circuit. 1
Operation of the priority valve is dependant on type 2
of front axle installed i.e standard or supersteer TIA35149
axles. 72
Refer to Steering Section 41 for further details.
transmission side cover limits the pressure in this
TIA35047
73
The transmission side cover contains solenoids for
engagement of the transmission range 1 2
synchronisers, operation of the differential lock,
PTO clutch and brake and disengagement of the four
wheel drive.

4
3
TIA35159
74
Solenoid Function
1. Reverse Synchroniser
5 6
2. High Range Synchroniser
3. PTO Engagement
4. Differential Lock
5. Low Range Synchroniser
6. Medium Range Synchroniser 7
7. Four Wheel Drive
8. PTO Brake
8
TIA355160
75
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
The pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valves

in the clutch oil distribution cover bolted onto the side
of the transmission are used to progressively
engage/disengage the transmission clutches.
PWM Solenoid Valve Function

1. A Clutch
2. B Clutch
3. C Clutch
4. D Clutch 1
5. E Clutch
2
5
TIA35161
76
cooler at the front of the tractor and is limited to a
lubrication valve located in the front of the
transmission shafts and clutches, hydraulic pump
lubrication.
TIA35158
77
cooler by–pass valve located in the side cover will
operate to ensure that adequate flow to the
78
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Steering, Low Pressure and

Lubrication Circuit
Tractors with
Range Command Transmission
Steering System Oil
Lubrication Circuit Oil

@ 16–18 bar (230–261 lbf/in2)
Return to Reservoir Oil
Suction Oil
1. Steering and Low Pressure

Circuit Pump
2. Steering Flow Control Valve
4. PTO Engagement Solenoid
5. Low Pressure Regulating Valve
6. Differential Lock Solenoid
7. Four Wheel Drive Solenoid
8. A Clutch PWM Valve
9. B Clutch PWM Valve
10. C Clutch PWM Valve
11. D Clutch PWM Valve
12. E Clutch PWM Valve
13. Oil Cooler By–Pass Valve
14. Oil Cooler
15. Lubrication To Pump Drive Gear,
PTO and Lift Cross Shaft
16. Lubrication Circuit Relief Valve
17. Actuator–
Low and High Range Synchroniser
18. Actuator–
Medium and Reverse Range
Synchroniser
19. Reverse Range Solenoid Valve
20. Medium Range Solenoid Valve
21. Low Range Solenoid Valve
22. High Range Solenoid Valve
23. Steering Motor
79
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002

Tractors with Dual Command Transmission
Refer to Steering Section 41 for further details. 1
2
TIA35149
80
TIA35155
81
The solenoids in the side cover with, the exception
of the dump solenoid, are energised to divert flow
and engage the differential lock, PTO clutch and
brake and disengage four wheel drive.
solenoid is energised whenever disengagement of 1
3
TIA35153
82
Solenoid Function
2. PTO Clutch
4
3. PTO Brake
4. Four Wheel Drive
5. Transmission Clutch Dump Solenoid
5
TIA35154
83
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
The pulse width modulated solenoids in the

transmission top cover are used to progressively 1
engage/disengage the transmission forward/
reverse synchroniser and A and B clutches.
2
Solenoid Function
1. Reverse Synchroniser
2. Forward Synchroniser
3. ‘A’ Clutch
4. ‘B’ Clutch
4
3
TIA35156
84
The dump solenoid in the transmission side cover
is a safety solenoid controlled by the pressure
switches in the A and B clutch circuits. In the unlikely
event that both these clutches are pressurised at the
same time the dump solenoid is energised allowing
pressure in the circuit to be diverted to sump
preventing ‘lock up’ of the transmission.
TIA35150
85
cooler at the front of the tractor and limited to a
lubrication valve (1) located in the front of the
transmission clutches and shafts, hydraulic pump
lubrication.
86
cooler by–pass valve located in the pipework
running along the side of the transmission will
operate to ensure that an adequate oil flow to the
TIA35045
87
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Steering, Low Pressure and

Lubrication Circuit
Tractors with Dual Command Transmission
Steering System Oil

@ 16–18 bar (230–261 lbf/in2)
Suction Oil
1. Steering and Low Pressure Circuit Pump

5. PTO Brake
8. Transmission Clutch Dump Solenoid
9. Reverse Clutch PWM Valve
10. Forward Clutch PWM Valve
11. B Clutch PWM Valve
12. B Clutch Pressure Switch
13. Transmission Low Temperature Switch
14. A Clutch Pressure Switch
15. A Clutch PWM Valve
17. Oil Cooler
20. Actuator–Forward and Reverse Synchroniser
21. Steering Motor
88
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002

120–155hp Tractors with Shuttle Command
Transmission 1
Oil returning from the steering motor joins with the
pump flow through the non priority side of the flow
control valve and is supplied to the transmission low 2
TIA35176
89
TIA35177
90
The solenoids in the side cover are energised to
divert flow and engage the differential lock, PTO
clutch and brake and disengage four wheel drive.
1
2
3
TIA35178
91
Solenoid Function
4
2. PTO Clutch
3. PTO Brake
4. Four Wheel Drive
TIA35179
92
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002

cooler at the front of the tractor and limited to a
lubrication valve (1) located in the mating face of
the transmission side cover. Components lubricated
by this oil are transmission lower shaft, hydraulic
pump drive gear, hydraulic lift cross shaft and PTO
clutch lubrication.
The check valve (2) also located next to the

lubrication valve is called the steering make up
valve and is located below the oil level in the
transmission. In the event of hydraulic circuit failure
the check valve allows the steering motor to draw oil
from the transmission and up to the steering motor to 93
ensure safe operation of the steering system is
maintained.

cooler by–pass valve located in the pipework
running along the side of the transmission will
operate to ensure that an adequate oil flow to the
TIA35045
94
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Steering, Low Pressure and Lubrication

Circuit
Tractors with Shuttle Command Transmission
Steering System Oil

@ 16–18 bar (230–261 lbf/in2)
Suction Oil
1. Steering and Low Pressure

Circuit Pump
4. Steering Make–Up Valve
7. PTO Brake
11. Oil Cooler
13. Steering Motor
95
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
35 000 GENERAL FAULT FINDING

Before commencing fault finding refer to the initial
check fault finding chart which may identify an
obvious cause for the concern and prevent
unnecessary component disassembly.
IMPORTANT: If the steering is inoperative, there will
be no lubrication to the transmission or PTO clutch
and the tractor must not be run for more than 5
minutes at a maximum engine speed of
1000 rev/min.
Fault finding charts listed in this Chapter are:–
• Initial Fault Finding Check
• Transmission Low Pressure Warning Light ‘On’
• Charge Pressure Light Flashing
• Intake Filter Restriction Warning Light ‘On’
• Power Steering not Working or Working Incor-
rectly
• Trailer Brakes not Working
• Hydraulic Lift not Working Correctly
• Remote Control Valves not Working
Initial Fault Finding Checks
To be Performed Before Proceeding to General Diagnostic Procedure
Check if any error

codes have been
identified by the YES Refer to Error code
microprocessor. Refer fault finding charts
to Section 55 for
retrieval of error codes.
NO
Is rear axle oil at correct NO Add oil to rear axle

level on dipstick?
YES
Is oil contaminated with dirt, YES Investigate cause of contamination.

water or anti–freeze? Drain and replace oil
NO
Have oil filters been replaced NO Replace all filters on pump

at correct service interval?
YES
Is a warning light displayed YES

Proceed to the appropriate
on the instrument cluster? fault finding chart
NO
Identify functions not operating

correctly and refer to appropriate
fault finding Chart
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Transmission Low Pressure Warning Light ‘ON’– Power Command Transmission
96 97
Low Pressure Regulating Valve Transmission Low Oil Pressure Switch
Do the high pressure Perform tests for variable

system components displacement pump. Refer to
operate, ie, hydraulic lift, NO pressure testing described later
remote valves and trailer in this Chapter.
brakes?
YES
Do all of the low pressure Remove connector C036 Repair the wiring fault
system components YES
from the oil pressure YES between C036 and C080 of
operate, ie, transmission, switch. Does the warning the instrument cluster.
PTO, FWD and diff locks? lamp remain ON?
NO NO
Inspect the switch. The switch should

be normally open, replace if faulty.
Pressure test the low Check for an electrical fault which may
pressure circuit. Is the YES affect the operation of all low pressure
pressure 24bar? components, ie, disconnected harness
to low pressure block.
NO
Remove and examine the

low pressure regulating
valve for sticking, broken
components or stuck open
relief valve. Fault cleared?
NO
Check for a large leak in

one of the low pressure
system component circuits.
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Charge Pressure Light Flashing
Is rear axle oil at correct level NO Add oil to rear axle

on dipstick?
YES
Perform charge pressure test Disconnect wiring to low charge

Charge Pressure YES pressure switch
1.6–3.4 bar? Light is extinguished?
NO NO YES
Replace inlet and Locate and repair short Replace

charge pressure filter circuit to chassis in charge pump
Fault cleared? B/N colour wire from and inlet filters
NO instrument console Fault
connector C080 Pin 7 cleared?
Inspect charge pressure filter and charge pressure NO
dump valve and charge switch
pressure valve Recheck charge
Valve sticking open? NO pressure
NO YES Charge Pressure
1.6–3.4 bar?
Disassemble Replace Valve(s) YES
pump and check (DO Not re–adjust
for worn charge these valves) Replace low
pump charge
pressure
switch
Intake Filter Restriction Warning Light On
Is rear axle oil at correct level NO Add oil to rear axle

on dipstick?
YES
Replace inlet and Disconnect wiring to filter restriction

charge pressure filter NO warning light switch
Fault cleared? Light is extinguished?
NO YES
Locate and repair short Replace

circuit to chassis in intake filter
R/N/B colour wire from restriction
instrument console switch
connector C080 Pin 16
and intake filter
restriction switch
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Power Steering Not Working or Working Incorrectly
Is the steering pressure Examine the steering/lube priority valve located on

NO the end of the steering pump for sticking, dirt
warning lamp ON?
contamination or broken components. Fault cleared?
YES
NO
Pressure test the steering system
as described in the ’Pressure
Testing’ Chapter. Are the YES
pressures within specification?
NO
Remove the steering pump and If the pressure is correct up to the steering
examine the drive to the pump, if cylinders suspect a mechanical fault of the
okay repair or replace the steering steering components. If pump output is good
pump assembly. but pressure to the cylinders is low or zero,
suspect a faulty steering motor. See section
41 for steering motor removal and overhaul.
Trailer Brakes Not Working
Has all air been bled NO Bleed trailer

from trailer brakes brakes
YES
Is hydraulic lift working
Pressure test trailer satisfactorily? Test
brakes. YES maximum system pressure Adjust flow/pressure
NO compensating valve
Fault confirmed? at remote valve coupler.
Pressure 2900–3000 lbf/in2 Fault cleared?
(200–207 bar)? NO
YES
Examine
flow/pressure
Operate and hold remote valve to compensating
generate maximum system valve for sticking
Overhaul trailer pressure and at the same time Fault cleared?
NO operate tractor brakes
brake valve NO
Trailer brake valve functions
correctly?
Disassemble variable
YES flow pump and check
swash plate piston for
Examine shuttle valve in load sticking
Clean/replace sensing line between trailer
shuttle valve to YES brake and pressure/flow
trailer brake valve compensating valve
Valve sticking?
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Hydraulic Lift Not Working Correctly

Is in cab fast raise/ work NO Move switch to work
switch in work position position
YES
Is hitch enabled YES Capture hitch

symbol illuminated
NO
Check position of controls

on control panel
Fault cleared?
NO
Is charge pressure YES Refer to charge pressure light
light flashing? flashing fault finding chart
NO
Has an Electronic draft control error

code been identified YES Refer to the Electronic Draft Control
Fault Cleared? fault codes in Section 55.
NO
If fitted, operate the trailer brakes, Suspect a fault in the variable

(install a pressure gauge in the trailer displacement pump assembly.
NO Pressure test the pump to determine
brake coupler), is the trailer brake
operating correctly? the fault.
YES
Operate the remote valves. (install Inspect the low pressure regulating
a pressure gauge in the remote NO valve assembly for sticking spool,
valve coupler), is the remote dirt contamination or broken
valve operating correctly? components. Fault cleared?
YES
Is hydraulic lift Perform pump leak test to determine if

YES fault relates to either internal leak or
working erratically?
hydraulic circuit leak
NO
Are lift arms locked in either fully Check EDC valve raise or lower
raised or lowered position YES solenoids for sticking plunger
NO
Perform standby pressure test Adjust/examine flow

Is pressure 300–350 lbf/in2 NO compensating valve
(21–24 bar)? Fault cleared?
YES NO
Perform High Pressure Standby test (maximum Disassemble variable

system pressure) at remote valve displacement pump and check
Is pressure 2900–3000 lbf/in 2 swash plate piston for sticking
(200–207 bar)?
YES NO
While operating remotes at high Adjust pressure Examine flow/pressure

pressure standby operate compensating valve NO
compensating valve for
hydraulic lift Fault cleared? sticking
Lift operates correctly? Fault cleared?
YES NO
Investigate fault in Examine EDC valve for Place heavy weight on lift arms
load sensing line sticking spools and NO and check if arms leak down
from EDC valve leaking lift cylinder safety under the pressure of load
valve YES
Fault cleared?
Overhaul lift cylinder
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Remote Control Valves Not Working – Mechanically Operated Type

Is hydraulic lift NO Refer to fault finding chart
working? for hydraulic lift not working
YES
Operate all remote valve
Test maximum system pressure levers simultaneously
at each remote valve coupler. Is the pressure at the Overhaul remote
Are pressures at each valve NO defective remote valve NO control valve(s) which
coupler below 2900–3000 lbf/in2 now 2900–3000 lbf/in2 fail pressure test
(200–207 bar)? (200–207 bar)?
YES
YES
Examine flow/pressure
compensating valve for sticking Examine load sensing valve
Fault cleared? between remote valve
sections.
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002
Remote Control Valves Not Working – Electro–Hydraulic (EHR) Type
When the Key Start is Check Fuse 12. Replace if faulty.

switched ON, can the EHR NO NOTE: Other hydraulic functions will
control lever solenoids be be inoperative aswell. Fault cleared?
heard to activate?
NO
YES
Is the hydraulic stop button NO Activate switch to the operating

in the operating position? position. Fault cleared?
YES NO
Is the hydraulic lift working? NO Refer to ’Hydraulic Lift Not Working’

YES
Check the EHR enable relay. NO Replace the relay

Is the relay okay?
YES
Are any EHR fault codes (R codes) YES refer to the Fault Code Chapter in the
stored in the controller memory? electrical section
NO
Are the components of the low Low pressure supply to remotes not
pressure system operating, ie, NO available. Fault find the low pressure
PTO, FWD, diff locks? system as described in ’Transmission
warning light ON’ fault
YES
Operate the hydraulic lift and Suspect a fault in the load sense circuit
simultaneously operate a remote YES or the compensating valve in the
valve. Is pressure registered from variable displacement pump
the remote coupler?
NO
Suspect a fault in the electrical system. Perform the

EHR valve renumbering procedure. If the valves are
still inoperative check the CAN–BUS wiring between
the remotes and central controller. If the fault still
persists re–load the software into the central
controller and if still inoperative replace the processor
604.55.111.00 – 06 – 2002

Section 35 - Hydraulic Systems - Chapter 1

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SECTION 35 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS – CHAPTER 1 1

SECTION 35 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Chapter 1 – Hydraulic Circuits

Section Description Page

INTRODUCTION AND CIRCUIT

TRACTOR HYDRAULIC BUILD OPTIONS

Before commencing work on a tractor it is important

Open centre high pressure hydraulic systems can be

The type of transmission installed can be identified

Tractors with Power Command transmission have a

CLOSED CENTRE LOAD SENSING HIGH

The high pressure circuit is illustrated in Figure 40

Trailer brake valve which is located beneath the cab

The lift cylinder safety valve protects the lift cylinder

Hydraulic Lift Cylinders

Hydraulic system filters

Low Pressure Circuit

Brake Pedal Pressure

Charge Pump Pressure

Charge Pump Pressure

Lube Circuit Oil

OPEN CENTRE HIGH PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

The open centre high pressure hydraulic circuits for

Open centre hydraulic pump assembly comprising of

On Synchro Command tractors which are fitted with

High Pressure Circuit for Tractors with Open

Open Centre High Pressure Hydraulic Circuit Operation 49

Steering System Oil System Pressure Oil Trapped Oil

Low Pressure Circuit Oil

1. Intake Filter 7. Lift Cylinder Safety Valve

LOW PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS

175 and 190 Model Tractors with Power

The valve allows low pressure oil to supply the brake

The low pressure distributor valve block is

NOTE: The four wheel drive is spring applied and the

C034 Four Wheel Drive

When the oil is cold and pressure differential across

High Pressure / Steering

Low Pressure Circuit

Brake Pedal Pressure

Low Pressure Hydraulic Circuit – 175–190 Model Tractors

LOW PRESSURE HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS

120–155hp Tractors with Power Command

The transmission top cover contains range solenoids

NOTE: The four wheel drive is spring applied and the

Low pressure circuit oil is directed through the oil

Low Pressure Circuit

Brake Pedal Pressure

Brake Boosted Pressure

Low Pressure Circuit Operation

NOTE: The four wheel drive is spring applied and the

The pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valves

PWM Solenoid Valve Function

Steering, Low Pressure and

Steering System Oil

Lubrication Circuit Oil

Low Pressure Circuit Oil

Return to Reservoir Oil

1. Steering and Low Pressure

Low Pressure Circuit Operation

The pulse width modulated solenoids in the

Steering, Low Pressure and

Steering System Oil