The last lesson

Counted on commotion
Franco-Prussian
.

of
•

Days
•

war

quiet Sunday
•

school was as as

Franz started late that

morning morning
•

dread of walking up and down

•

in
great
•
M
scolding
was .

Hamel
•

classmates were in their

Did not
study Participles
•

seats
of
Thought kindly
•

him
running away 1- a. Hamel spoke to
•

Birds Franz him in his special

•

Tempted by
• → saw

☒ soldiers sun attire

-
'

drillings
•

surprised to see
-

the
village
elders at the back benches
•
But hurried to school .
all looked sad .

the town hall M announced the

Hamel
passed
• .

order that came from berlin

huge crowd in front
saw
German
•
•

Last French lesson -

of bulletin Board
the
from tomorrow

bad news Franz regretted not

•

•
All the came

from there 2
having learnt his lessons
years
-

•
Blacksmith -

says he has enough time

 •

now he will not •

+9 .
Hamel said
be able to learn he won't scold
him
M Hamel was
going
•
.

away
which made
• He
reproached
for
.

him
forget how
cranky
himself
→
holidays→
fishing
water his
he was plants
not kids to
for
parents
→
sending
was
feeling
•

sorry →
school
him
sending kids to farm
•

got reasons for fine and mill

clothes . He talked about the

village of the
•

people gathered importance language ;

mm:S:b.MY?ffinthe
there to
express their called it
gratitude
Hamel and
towards
?
✗ most
logical world
M
respect
.

for the
country opened grammar franz
]
•

and was
language then writing
suprised how
Franz kept thinking until well he understood
his name was called Mr Hamel sat in his chair
•
motionless
It of service
his turn to recite
capturing 40
years
•
was

He could not recite

and mixed
up the first words
 turned towards
Everybody became the blackboard
•

emotional towards wrote he could

•

as
large as

the end "

Vive la France "
.

of
gave
• •

Hauser a :
started
crying message
•
all wanted to
How education can
change
cry
the situation
and
laugh at the
•

same time .
signaled -
class is dismissed
You may
go
•

M -

Hamel had the .

courage
and
patience
to hear lesson
every
to the last

chruch clock
Finally
•

struck twelve
angelus
-

M stood
•

Hamel
.

up
something choked him
•
 Lost
spring
sometimes I find the
rupee in
Garbage
a

Met Saheb in the

neighbourhood
.
Saheb asks
after a few
days if the

school is build
Every morning
• .

meets Saheb
Author feels bad about
having
•

scrounging for '

gold
'

made a that she cannot

promise keep
Saheb from
Bangladesh
•
came his full
Author
gets to know
•

name
•
left Dhaka
years ago which is "
ironic Lord of the
•
as storms washed universe "

away everything •
Saheb roams around with his
•
started
living in
seemapuri for of barefoot gang
better life boys
•

Author called them "

birds
"

Author asks
why doesn't he
go
morning
Asks them "

why do
they not
•

to school wear

"

about chap pals

saheb tells
of
•

absence
school [ IT
his
,
in
neighbourhood one said other said third one
says
build
Author
promises he
"
wants shoes "
•

to a mother won't
n
ne

a school doesn't wear even

give if she
gives
" "
 is to
•
Author notices across
•
home to 10,000
•

Garbage gold
these

Shoeless
country that rag pickers rag pickers
many like Saheb it
walk barefoot for
parents
•

means
people
. a

All livelihood
•

of
•

one
explanation is Bangladeshi source

"
tradition "
refugees came who whereas for children it is
here back in 1971 wrapped in wonder .

•
Author feels it is lack of
saw Saheb outside
•

the tennis
•

live in half buit

money snacks
court

He he the
game and
•
likes
•

Remembers a man from with roofs of tin says

allow him when
guards no one

Udipi who didn't have and

tarpaulin is around
shoes kid and now
NO
drainage
as a •

NO He doesn't he
sewage
•

,
even know that
facility
30 later
years people wore
is
shoes
•

without wearing tennis shoes

This how
Identity
ration cards
only ; •

One
morning author meets him
shows
things have their
to have on his
way to the milk booth with
but
changed not in names on voters list
'
a steel
canister
Children become
mapuri He
•

see
•

points and tells author that

•

Seema is
partners in
survival he works at that tea stale
puri a
place on •
survival 800£ and
picking
He is
means
rag paid lies
•

all
the
periphery of delhi .

yet •

It has become fine

meals

miles from it in Art

•
Author feels he is not happy aid
away over the
longer his
years no own boss Bag
development
.

.
was lies canister belongs totheowner
 I want to drive a car

Author meets frail

Mukesh They work in the
•

• •
saw a

young
in Firozabad who
glass furnaces with woman
cooking
,

insists
becoming
a
on
high temperatures
"

considered
• "

bathe
motor mechanic in
dingy cells without ,
of the
family
•

Author feels his dream air

and light •

She hides behind

looms like a
Mirage Author to mukesh 's
•

wall elder
goes when

home
•

Firozabad is the centre

down she
male of the
family
walking
•

saw comes
of India 's
glassblowing ↳
choked
•
Here that
insdustry .
stinking lanes elder is
with "
Mukesh 's father
"

after
generations garbage
generation
↳
snacks
•

half built He worked a

•

in as
involved
families are ↳
animals and human tailor first then
"
Making
Bangle co -
exists
bangle maker
,
still

20,000 children are enter couldn't renovate

They
•
•

one
involved in bangle making half bait shack his house or send
if enforced thatched
•
Law , get them with
grass his two sons to
art school .
 of
•
he
only taught them • She has
bangles on • Years
hardship
her wrist but darkness
have killed all
hopes
bangle making .

and dreams
in her
eyes
.

•
taukesn 's
grandmother Author asks a
group
•

thinks that this is their •

The woman
"
Ek
says of to
young
men

God given lineage because Waqt Ser bhar Khana

of their caste bike nahi

Khaya
"

,
which organise themselves

into
•

Author also meets tells about the vicious cooperatives .

Sarita who makes circle all the families •

they say they will be

bangles
like a are
trapped in .
beaten
up
and
dragged
machine , wearing The old he
to
jail if they
,

says
•
man
Old Pink dress
Organise , for doing
,

could
only make a

the something illegal

family
she doesn't know
•

house for the

is
•

There leader
meaning
no
or
significance Author
interprets this
•

yet but,
she will know among them

when she becomes a bride optimistically

of not
°

The
like cry
•

the old woman

who became one few having money

can

heard
.

be in
every
years ago household .
 Author filled
Author two is with
joy
• •

sees

different worlds when she finds that mukesh

→ sanukars
f ↳
exploiters
↳
thinks
differently .

families middlemen
in vicious
µ He is
•

sure that he

/
will
circle +
stigma of caste police mean be a

motor mechanic
perpetual poverty
-1
+
politicians
↳ bureaucrats
lawmakers
•
All these have created
such a burden that
a child
accepts this

naturally
To do
•

would
anythingto dare
mean
else

and
daring not is a

in
part of growing up
Firozabad .
 Deep water
then came a
big bruiser
•

William of when
Douglas
0
recalls
Memory of
-
•

boy He muscular
a . was

an
incident that
happened he was -3104
years Picked
up douglas
•
and
when he was to -11 Old and went to
years threw him in the
old . California with pool .

father drowned douglas landed in

•

a
and
swimming in
He
•

started
414C A because Yakima was still fresh sitting position
pool water
•
He swallowed
river He
beginning
was
•

was treacherous .

and went to the

to feel at
YMCA ease in
pool safe
•

was button
the water when
.

£
feet
% He was scared but not
2- 3
•

deep at shallow
9 feet
at
a
mishap occurred .

out of his wits

deep the
end
the other
•
He went to
pod •
He planned to touch
and found
•
this mother
continually
one

that
day one was
the bottom ,
made a

no
the
warned him
against
Yakima .

there jump .
lie flat on

surface
.

Douglas learnt paddle to

swimming He sat
•

the side
.

on ,
the surface and be
by aping other
boys ,
waiting for others .

safe
he uncomfortable at
.

was

first .
 first second Third
•
seemed a long
•

flailed at the surface •

I shook and trembled
down swallowed ad chocked with
fright
way
dead waits called for
Nine feet legs hung
like
help called
•

were
• •

ninety
mother
like screamed but water
only
• .

heard eyes od nose was out

•

me

lungs ready to
•

back to the again

Long journey
•

burst "
All efforts ceased
bottom of the
pool
summoned breath blackness
swept
• •

strength • lost
ached over brain

jump upwards
•

great lungs
head throbbed
•

to be
no
panic
•

, nothing
was
getting dizzy afraid of
up slowly
•

came
•

•
stark terror seized •

crossed the oblivion

• reached
up
to
grab me

ad said
anything head heart
•

he
suffocating alive
•

was was

sound
Yelled but
jumped nothing
• •
no -

out
came
again
•

eyes and nose came out

 of when he tried
deprived
In
pool
•

him
that he
• , ,

• Next
thing joy of
canoeing tiny vestiges of old
is ,
remembers
lying terror would eeeturn
on his stomach boating swimming
&

Douglas started
talking
•

beside Pool October

finally
•

the ,
one to terror

he not
vomiting
he decided to
get •
When was

an instructor satisfied ,
he went to
that threw
The
chap
•

lane Wentworth
him but was Practiced five days
•

" I a
said when he
for hour
•

only once
week middle
only fooling
"
one
was in the
of lake did the terror
hours
later •

Piece
by
Piece he
•

several return
built a swimmer
he walks home talked to the
¥ ? • He
went
it whenever
F inhale kick
terror and it
•
Avoided
back and away .

lake
he could and forth
Paddle •
he went to warm ,
exhale
dived into
to know about stripped ,
came
•

he said the lake

In
April now
•

sports
,

waters and swim the

swam across
you can •

•
whenever tried the snore and back

terror used to grab his heart •

he was
wasn't
done but
douglas
 he had conquered
•

lies fear of water .

waters
Before getting instructor After instructor
•

The
experience
had getting
waters of cascades take Wentworth New
✓
✓
for
deep meaning
,
me
the lieton Hampshire
is terror in
✓
wading
There
only
•

take
the fear of death ✓
bathing in warm ✓
Triggs Island
of Goat Rocks Island
Roosevelt said act
•

✓
stamp
"
All we have to fear is canoes on Maine lakes
✓
✓ Tietonto Conrad
fear itself ↳
"
salmon
Meadows
•
At last he felt ✓ New Hampshire ✓ Conrad Creek Trail
↳ Bass
released
to Meade Glacier
✓ Deschutes and Metro ius
✓ warm lake
in
Oregon
↳ Trout ✓
Gilbert Peak .

Bumping take
✓
 My Mother at
sixty six

from
Driving -
-
-
.

•
pained from the signs
•
she sees
young
trees
of
corpse of old
age
and illness
,
sprinting 1 because

the vehicle )
she moving
realises
separation and with
•
on
Friday morning from her mother compares
of
.

she
time and
youth
returning And realised with pain
was
mother .

her Out of their

•

On the
to
way She
-

also
-

merry
sees
-
•

airport she notices

homes
( ) children
happy
.

her mother at mother

looking moving
out of their
•

Her mother she realised the homes which shows

was
sleeping of
,

open mouthed pain separation youth ,

energy and
•

Her face was

pale and •

It was a
reality hard vigour .
all in total
contrast to her mother
lifeless dead to
accept
's
just cike a
•

TO take her attention

•

She feels pain

body .

looking at her
•

These away from the

disturbing
were the
signs of thought she looked
old and
suffering
from ill
,
mother
mother and ill
-

outside
getting old .
car .

breath .
 But after . -
.
winter 's moon
And felt .
. - . .
and smile
-

old familiar her childhood

After
reaching the
airport 's • her
pain ,

fear of her
•

security check
,
she looks losing her mother pains .

at her she cannot all this to her

•

show

°
mother
again mother so she hides everything behind
mother was
standing a her smile .

few
yards away •

Revealing
her
feelings will
only
•

She looked lifeless and disturb her mother

gives hope her mother

dull late winter 's so to
•
she
like a .

and
Moon .
that
they
would meet
again ,

A winter 's moon is dull bids her farewell with a smile hollow
,

and loses its

spark behind from inside .

the and
mist
fog ,
exactly
like her mother
 An school classroom
Elementary
in a slum .

Far far in tree

. .
-
room •
He mentions girl a tall

very depressed
other than this who is

and burdened
Poet describes by society
the
pathetic
•

breath etc .
Keeps her head
and miserable condition down
of the slum
children and
• she
physically
is

far away from exhausted

They
•

are
mentally
the beautiful of
sights boy
who is as
•
then a

>
with
nature thin because
as
paper rat 's
.

eyes
malnourished of malnutrition for
They looking
•

looked
food and
•

Poet calls them root less weed security

.

with his
another
boy
•

just like weeds are unwanted he has

father 's disease ,

so are these children in the stunted growth

and his

bones twisted
society
are .

.
 •
he recites
his lesson in •
The world → divides the
map world
a mellow and weak voice .

pictures meaning
have no
•

These
Another sweet and
boy
•

to these impoverished
children
different from
young was
•

The world on these walls is

all others lives in dream
world
,

not their
world of
playing squirrel 's Their world
painted with
•

freedom is
game perhaps .

hunger
Fog
,
→
hopelessness &

On sour of Their future is and

cream - -
-
star •

grim
words .
uncertain ,
sealed with a dark

and dull
• Poet describes the
dirty sky
Their world is different
classroom
•

from actual word

and
walls
pale dirty
•

are

from education
They
•

the
are
away
display of donors
•

name
as from stars

of → William
•

There is a
picture Shakespeare
⇐ domes of
Tyrolese big cities
valley
 "
Their bodies look like
surely
•
,
Shakespeare is
big doom
garbage heaps They
- - .

as
-

"
.
. .
. . . -

are
The poet calls
.

the
•

portrait
And their bones
of Shakespeare
very skinny
wicked because
it is
meaningless for children
their skin
peeping of
Alle out
going slum school
.

to a .

life inbeing
The All their is
of
• children here wiee •

never learn about

destroyed
Shakespeare 's work .

here the slum .

•
The
map
is also a bad • The slum is like a blot as
enampie because
for classroom
bigthese doom on the
maps of
,
, as
these children their
children i. e.
,
is the whole world
for , ,

them children
of
.
There is no the lives these .

world
beyond their
poverty
,

hunger and
hopelessness .
see Unless inspector The poet desires that
governor .
••
, ,

visitor .
.
.
.
-
.
-
-
-

- -
- -

these children should be

History
is the
theirs

?
whose
language allowed to run
freely
goldendear
sun On the sands
These children will continue under
sky
• a
,
to this i.e. make
suffer hell unless ,
progress
.

government officials ,
like • The poet feels that education

governors inspectors or
can

because
help them
immensely
according
, , him
to

educationists
,
visit
who
history is written those
by
forward
warmth
such school
language
whose has the
, come
to help them .
and
energy of the sun .
 Keeping Quiet .

Now we will count to shall not their own

.
. .
. .
.

speak
rather all
languages they
- - -
- -
- -

our arms so much .

•
The
poet asks
shall
keep quiet and speak
everyone
language of
to count the silence
to twelve
their
up
.

in
This will
unity
mind

bring
The number twelve
among
.
•

represents the hours

of
all the humans
face
the on the

day or the months

ofa year .

of the earth .

He wants to
all
of be for at least moment
•
us • one ,

calm and still .

no one shall move his arms

People either
across the nations have to
signal or
fight
to
•
, ,

with
to unite
together argueother each
so or
,
,
they .

I
 It would be It will be
strange
-
- -

•
-
-

his hurt hands

-
-
-
- - -

because it has never

•
No one will be in a happened earlier .

will No would be
rush
,
there be no •
person
harming anyeither for
other

engines running .

will be calm
living being to earn his
•

Everyone food or

and quiet united with livelihood .

,
each other in a
strange
atmosphere .
Those who
wants to
He them
put
- - -

•
- -
- -
-

truck win dealer ' '

clothes i. e.
-
-
.

on
-

new

The
enpioit adopt
to
people who a new
approach
•

towards and
life to realize
the
green of
wealth
killing
that so
many people
by deforestation
nature
is
victory
,
not a .

in
mining fishing
or
or
brotherhood
promoting
.
•
He is ,

and
the
deep seas me
peace and
unity .

soldiers who use

weapons to
kill human He does not want us
to
fellow beings
•

works but to
stop owr
need some time to introspect take some time and
into their
actions
the consequences of analyze the results of
.
our deeds .
 in
If we were not so -
- . -
-
• So
they
are a mad
- -
-
-
- -

Ourselves with rush to accomplish

death .
all their works .

He
All human says
that
perhaps
beings
•
•
work ,

if trey pause fair a

endlessly with aim

the
of While
they appreciate
completing
can
all Meir tasks .
,

their achievements
and
They driven
•
are
by
the
their lives would become
target of survival and the
happier
threat death
of
.

.
 everything comes back to
life
Perhaps the Earth
.

- .
.
.

taking
and I will
similarly ; a
pause
-

•
- -

go
- -

and
•
As the Earth our
introspecting it
lives will
into

give a

undergoes changes ,
new
meaning we .
will be
in winter able to understand
, everything the

freezes ,
becomes .
Purpose
of our
life .

lifeless but
after
It will be like a rebirth
sometime ,
the season of the soul .

changes again ,
and
The poet has
conveyed count till twelve and walks

keeping
to all the out the
people
of
scene ,

the his the scene all

purpose
and
of open for the

message
so
, people on the earth to
he them
enperience for
asks once
this times

again to take a
pause ,
to come .
 The Enemy
lived
japanese called all foreign
•

Sadao on
not sent with
•

was
students home
Coast troops perfecting
→ the
like
↳ discovery Sadao didn't
•
•

Father used to take him

(
ill food
to southern islands / seas General was
↳ Bad
small rooms

Sadao
played standing in the
wife
•

•
was was
never
joked
or

with Sadao . balcony

he would
,
thought
inside
that
to
voluble

go •
Had
gone by
Chief
•

Sadao 's Hana

concern was chance
watched the mist cover
education feel
•

•
Met Hana
the entire coast ,

sent him to medicines in love

study
•

to have
at
age of 22
• feels
lucky wife
•

thought
he'd
Hana his
as her if she
.

He came back at 30 not he

marry in her
, •
Remembers when was
pure
first met her race
only as a
surgeon
Professor had married her in
but
Harley
•

also scientist
•
a

Japanese traditions
 decides him to father's
Right now
standing on
putting takes
• • •

with her arms crossed him back to the room

his sea •

servant
Decide
telling
• no one moves ,
kept •

Hana calls Yumi to

inert
something coming
•

saw at the
staring his
out
ofthe mists clean
body
"
figure
Gardner
• " •

A Looks at the
staggered cap
•

man a
all shocked
>
-

few finds out him to be cook

steps -
fell and resented
us gain , yumi
•

Thought he was a Navy

•

Discovers he is a Yumi declares she

fisherman
•

Pow cannot clean the

•

Ran to check
would wounded man
•

found him to be
•
kindest thinghim lien
be to put . Hana cleans
badly wounded
in the sea

•
herself
discovered him to •
looks at the man 's
•
Sadao decides on
be white man
injury
a

found the operation

gun
•

decides
•

wound +
stops bleeding
with him inside
taking
on
•

suggests haha to
moss
 finds out its not Servants feel that
Give anesthetic • •

near the Sadao is the

and kidney so
proud
Removes the
packing
•

He calls POW "

he life and
my
saves
any
•

blood starts
flowing friend "
will be called a traitor .

Hana feels and

uneasy •

Bullet is out and •

Hana listens to this
ran outside to vomit
Hana takes care and feels bad
irritated
• Sadao
gets of the Pow •
on the seventh
day
and becomes ruthless two
servants won't
things happened
•

to the
go
moan in lids room

•
Hana comes back ,
goes
•

three
days passed ,
↳
anesthetic to Pow Sadao is servant
taking left the messenger
care of the came
•
sadao remembers the prisoner house
Hana tells him that
running
words of
•

anatomy I t
servants feel that
Professor Hana
thought
.

leave soft
they they
were

he has
checked atom of his for all come
all
crying
•
corner
every Americans to arrest
body before
operating Sadao
• Sadao denies .
 tells Sadao ad Plans POW 's tells him
agrees tell escape
•

Messenger
•
,

is decides not to to row to nearest island

the
general Hana about this him food
Gives water
clothing
•

• critical and hence , .

home acts in the boat

goes
•
as

happened
Sadao needs to
if nothing checks his temperature and
•

the
palace
come to
Pulse
•
checks Pow ,
finds
Gives instructions :
•

•
sadao tells out about the
from Korean boat
to the muscles stiffness
✓
help only
everything about the
✓ Eat raw fish

general forgets
assasihs
✓ still there -
1 flash
out of food flashes
.

✓ 2

he cannot
-

General
•

say he could
to
•
3
nights
•
made him wore
japanese
let
anything happen not sleep because clothes with black cloth
over the head
he
Sadao
every night ad
think gives flashlight
•

assassins used to
suggest private and
•

POW thanks
POW
adeoen- assault the
that
will kill aid
who
had goes
.

come

the
body removed
get it wouldn't
happen
 Tells about the
general what
happened
]
•

escape after seven in these

days ?
days of
operation ✓ sadao was called for 's
General operation
general says sorry
•

✓ servants returned
and that he is
10gal ✓ no flashes from the island
to the
country
asks Sadao 's if
help
•

w°rK¥adao
word comes out

Tells sadao good

•

→ reward .

one
night Sadao looks
•

at the same
place and
of
discriminatory faces
Americans came in
right
front of him kill that
?
"
"
couldn't I
.

He thinks why
man
↳
 Third Level .

old named
story of
This is the 31
year Charley
a man .

one
day after he reached
work
•

from the coming

subway
the third level
,

the
Grand Central Station
of
C which does not exist )
He reminisces
actually
the entire
enpeuieuce
•

with his
psychiatrist friend Sam .
 Charley thought he
enpeeuienced
•

time travel and had reached

somewhere in the
eighteen
-

nineties time
before
a
,

the world two its

of
saw

most deadliest wars .

• As soon as he realised
what time he is in he
immediatelyIllinois ;
,
decided to
to
Galesburg buy two tickets
for himself
, one
and the other
for his
wife .
 Unfortunately looking
the He went
currency for
•
•

used in that the tried level

was
different .
century but
failed to
find
it
Thus
.

the
day
•

,
neut
It worried his
wife
•

he withdrew all his and the

savings and them psychiatrist

converted
got it
Sam who told him
even
if that he is
meant
bearing losses .
in order to hallucinating
take

refuge
miseries
from reality
modern world which is
and
of the
of worry . full
 thus resorts to his Sam wrote that
Charley
•
he

collection in wanted to
stamp order
always
believe in the idea
himselfhe
to distract when

of third level and

suddenly one
day now that he is
finds a letter
from there
himself he

friend
,
his Sam who

had encourages Charley

gone missing recently . and houisa
to

stop looking
never

it
for .