 ‫א‬‫א‬

 1 ‫א‬‫א‬
 L
 1،
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬    E‫א‬F  
 ‫א‬،
 K،،،،W‫א‬‫א‬
 WL0
  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬L‫א‬،‫א‬L‫א‬W ‫א‬
K، J‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬    K
  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
      ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ،     ،‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
       ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ،     ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K، ،
   ‫א‬    ،    
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1
 WW1L1
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ } W‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬     K{‫א‬
  ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬      
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L
172
‫؛‬‫א‬،E3F‫א‬‫؛‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،E5F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E4F ‫א‬ 
‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬KE7F‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬،E6F
‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E1 1F ‫א‬
 KE12F‫א‬
 WW‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫؛‬E F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E2F  ‫א‬  ،E1F E F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬EF ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬E ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE3F‫א‬‫؛‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬L
 ZF ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E3F ‫א‬ ،E2F ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬E   
E‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫؛‬EF E‫א‬  F  ،E4F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F،E5FEF
،E6F‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬Eordre،،F
 KE8FE‫א‬‫א‬F،E7F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E2F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،E4F ‫א‬،E3F E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫؛‬E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫؛‬E‫א‬
‫א‬،E5FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE7F‫א‬،E6FE‫א‬F

 

173
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
‫؛א‬‫א‬،E2F‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،E1FE‫א‬F
 KE4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،E3F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬ ،E3F ‫א‬  ،E2F ‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬
 KE5F،،E4FE‫א‬
 WL2L1
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬<‫א‬‫א‬<‫א‬<‫א‬<‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   L1
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،E ZF ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،
 KEZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EZF‫א‬
،      ‫א‬  L2
،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬AW،‫א‬‫א‬
،    K ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
174
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،،
 K2 @‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬  ،    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L3
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
  K‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ W ،    ،‫א‬    L4
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬    ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W،
 ‫א‬،L5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،Kpatois dialecte idiome
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬         K‫א‬
 K«caractère idiomatique» W‫א‬glossèmeW
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬L2
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
،KKKKKK،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E↑ ، ↓ ، ↔ ، ←F‫}א‬
،{E , , , …F،Ea, b, c , …F،EA, B, C, …F}‫א‬E
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K{‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
 
175
  W‫א‬‫א‬L1L2
   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EBAF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L2L2
‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬   ،    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬L3L2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬L4L2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K،‫א‬
 ،   ‫א‬   ،    
   ،    ،   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫؛‬E‫א‬‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
 
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  W‫א‬‫א‬@‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AL3
‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،
 ‫؛‬   ،‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬،
،     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
    ،E la langueF ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬،Ele languageF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 KE‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬
 

 
 

177
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، A‫א‬‫א‬W،1
‫א‬  ،    ،     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W،2
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W،3
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،4
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    W   ،5 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،6
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،   ،7 
 ‫א‬KA ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،
 K‫א‬،،B‫א‬

178
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،
 W،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬FL1
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FL2
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FL3
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ←F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
  F ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E 
  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬      KE ←
 KEla paroleF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬W  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
 ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
 E Monade F ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
   ،   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬
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‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،    ‫؛‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬      ،
 K‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L4
‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ،   
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬    K‫א‬
L W ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،
  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K
W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L  ،  Elangue/ discoursF  L
competence/ F  L W ،  Esystème/ texteF
code/ messageFLW،Eperformance
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K  E
   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ،‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ،   W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK
 K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
180
  
W‫א‬
 
structureZ
concept Z
schéma Z
 circuit de paroleZ‫א‬
signe linguistique Z
signifiant Z‫א‬
image acoustique Z
valeur Z
parole Z
 language Z
langueZ
signifié Z
 système Z
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L1
-De Saussure, Ferdinand :
Cours de linguistique générale. Publié par Charles Bailly et
Albert Séchehaye. Edition critique, Payot, 1997.
 W، J
،‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ، ،    W ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K 
 K1985

181
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬KK
 K،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬L2
 W،‫א‬ J
 K1990،،،@‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬
 W، J
W،E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K2001،L،‫א‬‫א‬،2،
 W ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ،3 ،E‫א‬   F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K، J،‫א‬
 W، J
K2006،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

K‫א‬‫א‬،1/
K‫א‬‫א‬
W،،‫א‬WK‫א‬،‫א‬،
 
K1245
K253W،W،‫א‬‫א‬L2

182