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
‫א‬‫א‬
EF
174
 174  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ?   ?  ?EF ‫א‬‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 174  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 174  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
1
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K% 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K8W‫א‬‫א‬
 
-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
  -1
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬ (1.1) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ذرات‬
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬:(1.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬  J
 K  J
 K  J
 K‫א‬  J
 K  J
-2-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K  J
 K  J
 K  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬-3
    
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ،
  ‫א‬       ‫א‬  J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬-4
 ‫א‬   E2.1F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، E10x10x10F   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ (3.1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K3015‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -5
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 200 0 C 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  
          ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   (5.1) ‫א‬
K 
-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎر داﺋﺮي ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬:(2.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

   
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬:(3.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

   
‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ و‬
‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ‬
   
 
‫ ﺟﻬﺎز إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬:(4.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬‫א‬
-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻠﺪﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻢ‬15
‫ ﻣﻢ‬30
‫ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬:(5.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

   
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J3

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J4
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  J5
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬ 20‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 30‫א‬  J6
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7
  ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(resin Jepoxy)‫א‬
 ‫א‬-6
 
‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
120F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
    400-240-180 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E  
-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬²1‫א‬‫א‬ K600
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  (6.1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬F‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ،(7.1)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(8.1)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    K    ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﻣﺎء ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺿﻊ ورق‬

‫اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة‬
   
‫ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة و اﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻢ‬:(6.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
1 2 3
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة ﺗﺰﻳﻞ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ًﺎ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬:(7.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-6-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ درﺟﺔ‬90 ‫ﺗﺪار اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
‫إﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة‬
‫ درﺟﺔ‬90 ‫ﺗﺪار اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
‫( ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬8.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬-7
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬             
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬  E Al 2 O3 F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
 K60.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫ א‬-8
 ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬  ‫ א‬
K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬KE1.1F‫א‬
-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ %98H‫א‬%2  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬5
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 95  
   %15
 ‫א‬  %10 
 ‫א‬%25  
 %50
 
 ‫א‬WE1.1F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J
 K3020‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-8-
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K%90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K4W‫א‬‫א‬
-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (1.2) ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 KE Electronic Microscope F‫א‬‫א‬E Optical Microscope F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة‬
X ‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺴﺎم‬
− 10
10 − 12 10− 10
10 10 − 6 10 − 3 1
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي‬:( 1.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 40‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K 1000
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(Ocular eyepiece lens)‫א‬‫א‬-

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE10 xF‫א‬‫א‬
- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W (2.2F‫א‬
 (Body tube)‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Objective lenses)‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬           ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (4 x)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(40 x)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(10 x)‫א‬‫א‬
 K(100 x)100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Stage)‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 (Condenser)‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Iris diaphragm)‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Revolving Nose Piece)‫א‬-
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 (Coarse adjustment)‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(10 x)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4 x)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(100 x)‫א‬(40 x)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Fine adjustment)‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K(100 x)‫א‬‫א‬(40 x)‫א‬
 (Mirror or Illumination)‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 (Clip)‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Arm)‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Base)‫א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 12 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      J
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗـﻮة اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K(10 x)‫א‬(10)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J
 (40x)  (40)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 400 x=40 x10 x
 
‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ??
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-4
   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 W
 
 K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬-5
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   (3.2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4.2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،      ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬E5.2F
- 14 -
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ )اﻟﻤﺸﺎهﺪة(‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬
‫زﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(3.2‬أﺟﺰاء ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ‬
‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ‬
‫أﺷﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔاﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪0.75mm‬‬
‫ﻣﻢ‪0.75‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(4.2‬اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪- 15 -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫آﺎﻣﻴﺮا ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﺮ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫( ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺻﻮل ﺑﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬5.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬-6
 
‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬1-6

‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬-‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬     (6.2)‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  (7.2) ‫א‬
K% 6.7 % 2.11 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
%0.4 ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬:‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬-‫ج‬ % 0.3 ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬:‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬-‫ب‬ %0.2 ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬:‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬-‫أ‬
‫ ﺻﻮر ﻣﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬:(6.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- 16 -
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻄﺮوق‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(7.2‬ﺻﻮر ﻣﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ و ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ‬
‫ب‪ -‬وﺟﻮد اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬

‫‪‬א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪،(8.2)‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ K‬‬
‫ﺣﺪود ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ )اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ(‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(8.2‬ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ ﺟﺮاﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ج‪ -‬ﺣﺠﻢ و ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬

‫‪- 17 -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ (9.2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬:(9.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫ ﺗﻌﺪد اﻷﻃﻮار‬-‫د‬
  E10.2F ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ﻃﻮر واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬
( 200 X)‫( ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻃﻮر اﻷوﺳﺘﻨﻴﺖ‬10.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- 18 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E11.2F‫א‬ J
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ‬-1 ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬
‫ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺪاآﻦ‬- 2 ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬
(350 X) ‫ وﺟﻮد ﻃﻮرﻳﻦ‬:‫ ﻧﺤﺎس‬-‫ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬:(11.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(12.2)‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
‫ آﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻴﻮب‬- ‫هـ‬

K ‫א‬(13.2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K(13.2)‫א‬
 
- 19 -
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(12.2‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‪ -‬ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺒﺔ )‪( 50 X‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(13.2‬ﺗﺸﻘﻘﺎت ﺗﺂآﻞ ﺑﺈﺣﺪى ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬
‫‪- 20 -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬2-6

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة أو رﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي‬:(1.2) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
 
- 21 -
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 
 
 %90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 4W‫א‬‫א‬
- 22 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1
‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻓﺮان اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1.3)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ أﺣﺪ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻓﺮان اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬:(1.3)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 23 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬2-1
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬     K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬
 K(2.3)‫א‬
 
‫ ﻓﺮن آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﺔ‬:(2.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة‬3-1
150 0 C   
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1350 0 C 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -2
 
‫ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬1-2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E3.3F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WB‫א‬A‫א‬  J
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬  J

 (T)‫א‬
C‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WD‫א‬C‫א‬  J
 
A
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬

(‫ )درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬T
B C
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻤﻌﺪن ﻧﻘﻲ‬:(3.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 ‫א‬  K (Sb ) ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (4.3) ‫א‬  ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،621 0C 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻷﻧﺘﻤﻮن‬:(4.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫ ﻣﻌﺪات اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬2-2
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬        W  J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
        WE‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬     J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬W‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬-‫א‬ - J5
 
‫ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬3-2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K327 0C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬4-2

- 26 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬  F ‫א‬   K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 50 0C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K380 0C ‫א‬377 0C =327+50W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K2
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
  15 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬  E 0C F ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ (1.3) ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 KE‫א‬F
 
( 0C ) ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ (‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

  15
30
   45
60
 75
90
105
120
.
 K
 K
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪن اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬:(1.3) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
 ،E F،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K6

 ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬F (1.3)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
 
 
- 27 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -3
 
‫ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬1-3
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   E ‫א‬F   ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E5.3F ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   KA ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WB‫א‬A‫א‬  J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ KT1‫א‬‫א‬ B‫א‬  J
  C‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،T2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WD‫א‬C‫א‬  J
 (Sb ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (6.3)‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KE   %50  ‫א‬ F (Bi ) ‫א‬
- 28 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E 621 0C F‫א‬‫א‬ 500 0C ‫א‬

 KE271 0C F‫א‬
 
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬
T1 B
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬
T2
C
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﻦ‬:(5.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﺰﻣﻮث‬%50 -‫ أﻧﺘﻤﻮن‬%50 :‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬:(6.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫ ﻣﻌﺪات اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬2-3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬3-3
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
- 29 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬50%W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ 50% W‫א‬ J
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1
 KE232 0C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬380 0C
K‫א‬ K2
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K3
K‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K4
 K 15 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E 0C F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E2.3F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 KE‫א‬F
 
 
 E C F‫א‬‫א‬
0
 E‫א‬F‫א‬
  15
30
45
60
 75
90
105
120
 K
 K
 K
 
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص واﻟﻘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬:(2.3) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
،    E   F     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  K6
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ E‫א‬ -‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
- 30 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت هﺎﻣﺔ‬  
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K
  ‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
- 31 -
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 K%90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
K8W‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 32 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
  -1
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  :(Annealing) ‫א‬ J1

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Normalizing)‫א‬ J2
 .‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬:EHardening) ‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ :(Tempering) ‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، 
 KE1.4F‫א‬‫א‬
‫)ب( اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬
‫)أ( ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬ ‫)ج( ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ دورة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬:(1.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- 33 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      K(2.4) ‫א‬     ‫א‬
(1.4)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(AISI)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬:(1.4) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

 
- 34 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫و اﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ‬: A1 ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ 723

‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ آﺬﻟﻚ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ درﺟﺎت‬: ACm ‫ واﻟﺨﻂ‬A3 ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
(% C) ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬
‫ اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻻﺗﺰان اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬:(2.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -2
 K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫ اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1-2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  J
 K‫א‬  J
KEF‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

- 35 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
ABC‫א‬،‫א‬K(3.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K50 0C 
 
(‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
A
912
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
B
727 C
700 ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‬
600
500
400
‫ﺧﻂ ااﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻜﺘﻮﻳﺪ‬
300
200
100
0
0.77 2.11
2
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬:( 3.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  J2
 K(ThermometerThermocouple)
(Rockwell)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- 36 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬ J5
، 2520‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
1.4)( 30 x ‫أﺻﻐﺮ ﺳﻤﻚ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

= ‫زﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﻘﺎء‬
25
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬     (1.4) ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 
  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬        (4.4) ‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬-‫ د م ج‬850 ‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ دﻗﻴﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ‬-‫ب‬ ‫ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬-‫أ‬
‫ د م‬950 ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﺮ‬:(4.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2.4)‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- 37 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
5030‫א‬    
‫א‬A3‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K٪0.77  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،0.77  
A1‫א‬5030
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ .A1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 700550  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    
   
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.A1‫א‬،‫א‬    
 W
   
 J  W
  ‫א‬
‫ א‬ J1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 430 650495‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬  
 W  J2  
 ‫א‬‫ א‬650495‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬:(2.4) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -3
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K  J
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
‫ ﺧﻄﻮات إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬2-3
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    K(5.4) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ABC ‫א‬
 K50 0C ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 KEThermometerThermocoupleF
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K(1.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E ‫א‬  ‫א‬   F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
  ‫א‬        ‫א‬     J8
K‫א‬
- 39 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
C 1155
A
912
B
727
‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻜﺘﻮﻳﺪ‬
0 0.77 2.08 2.11

‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬:(5.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬ -4
 ، EF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬
‫א‬ E MartensiteF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  J
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K  J
- 40 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
K  J
K  J
K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
،‫א‬‫א‬ K(6.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ABC ‫א‬
 K50 0C ‫א‬‫א‬
(‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ) درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
A
912
B
727 C
0 0.77 2
2.11
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺪ‬:(6.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
- 41 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 (1.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬  J6
‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬    ،     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ (2.4)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫هﻮاء‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫زﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫آﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬  
 
‫ أوﺳﺎط اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺪ‬:(2.4) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 %0.8‫א‬‫א‬E -7.4F‫א‬
(b)
‫اﻟﻤﺎرﺗﻨﻴﺰت‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬
‫ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬+ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫أ‬

‫ب‬
‫ ﺻﻼدة اﻷﻃﻮار ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬-‫ب‬ (1000 X) ‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎرﺗﻨﻴﺰت‬-‫ أ‬:(7.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- 42 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     E -7.4F‫א‬ K‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
   ‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬   ‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  J
 K‫א‬  J
KEC45F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬  J1
 K(8.4)‫א‬(AC)‫א‬ (727 0 C )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ 250 0 C  200 0 C W‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 400 0 C  250 0 C ‫א‬
- 43 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
A C
727
0 0.77 2.11
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬:( 8.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 K(1.4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
‫א‬  ‫א‬  E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J6
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(9.4)‫א‬
 
- 44 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻷوﺳﺘﻨﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎرﺗﻨﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻲء‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﻌﺪال اﻟﻤﺎرﺗﻨﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬:(9.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-6
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (10.4)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 45 -
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -‬هﺶ ﺟﺪًا و ﺻﻠﺪ ﺧﻮاﺻﻪ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ردﻳﺌﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ آﺮﺑﻮن ﺣﺮ )ﺟﺮاﻓﻴﺖ(‬
‫و إﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬

‫ﻼ ﺟﺰﺋﻴ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﺼ ً‬
‫ﻗﺸﻮر رﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ داﺧﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻜﺴﺐ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺸﻮر اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي آﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻌﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻏﻨﺴﻴﻮم أﺛﻨﺎء‬

‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺎآﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي‬
‫‪ 900‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺆﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬
‫آﺮﺑﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ و ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﻳًﺎ و‬
‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻤﻄﻮﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ )اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺤﺮ( ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻜﻮرة أو ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﺘﻜﻮرة‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺠﻮدة ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ و اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ و‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻄﺮوق‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(10.4‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ‬
‫‪ -7‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ K(3.4)‬‬
‫‪- 46 -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
HRC ‫א‬ HRC ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬:(3.4) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

‫א‬-8
      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Rockwell)F ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  .(11.4) ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E C  ، B  ، A  F    -1
 K‫א‬‫א‬
          ‫א‬   ‫א‬   -2
  A  B  1.588‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(12.4)‫א‬ C 
 
‫א‬، 10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
60‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬C ،B ،A150100 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﺟﻬﺎز روآﻮﻳﻞ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﻼدة‬:(11.4) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
- 48 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﻼدة ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ روآﻮﻳﻞ‬:(12.4)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 
- 49 -
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
5
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 
 
 K%90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K2W‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 50 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 -1
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬F‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬-2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬1-2
 
 ،  ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE1.5F‫א‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروآﻠﻮرﻳﻚ‬
(H +
)
+ Cl − HCl
‫ ﺗﺄآﻞ ﻣﻌﺪن اﻟﺰﻧﻚ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺣﻤﻀﻲ‬:(1.5) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- 51 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Zn → Zn 2+ + 2e
  2 H + + 2e → H 2
 ________________
Zn + 2 H + → Zn 2+ + H 2
‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،E ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ F 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (2.5) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰداد اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدن‬:(2.5) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬  CuSO4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E ZnSO4 F ‫א‬ 
K(3.5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
  Zn → Zn 2+ + 2e    ‫א‬‫א‬
  Cu 2+ + 2e → Cu     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 __________________________________________
  Zn + Cu 2+ → Zn 2+ + Cu    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬ Zn 2+ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬  F ‫א‬  KE  
K(Corrosion Cell) ‫א‬      K‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺟﻬﺎز ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺤﺎس واﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬:(3.5) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 (Determination of Corrosion Rate by Weight) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3

  ‫א‬   ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺤﺎس‬ ‫א‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ :(3.5
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬       ‫א‬ 
) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (1.5) E‫ א‬x ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FL‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    (mg/dm²/day)   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
.(mdd)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(mpy)‫א‬‫א‬ (mm/year)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K
، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K ×W
(2.5) CPR =
ρ × A× t
 
 W‫א‬
 K ( mm / y ) ‫א‬‫א‬ :CPR
 K87.6‫א‬W K
 K (mg) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WW
 KE cm 2 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WA
 KE g cm 3 F‫א‬W ρ ،.E h WF‫א‬ Wt
 
- 54 -
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 1-4‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪(4.5)‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ K‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎت ذات أﻗﻄﺎر‬

‫‪mm 8‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ و اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‬
‫إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ﻏﻤﺮ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺄآﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻘﺪم‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺪل اﺧﺘﺮاق اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(4.5‬اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪- 55 -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬2-4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1.5)‫א‬
  φ15mm × 8mm W St 37 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-2
 
 
‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

φ15mm × 8mm 5 ‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬St 37
  φ 55mm × 8mm
  φ 45mm × 8mm
4 ‫ﻧﺤﺎس أﺻﻔﺮ‬
  φ 25mm × 8mm
  φ15mm × 8mm
 
‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬:(1.5) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
 K‫א‬100-3
 K 0.001،‫א‬-4
 K‫א‬(600-400-280-180)-5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-6
 K‫א‬E‫א‬FH-7
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3-4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
 KE‫א‬F1000H‫א‬5W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
 Kst 37‫א‬ -5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -6
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    -7
 K(5.5)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- 56 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ و ﺿﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬:(5.5) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬ ‫א‬F 4 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   -8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬-9
 K‫א‬-10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -11
‫ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ واﻟﻨﺤﺎس اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺂآﻞ‬4-4
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬
  A1 =‫א‬‫א‬
A2
 W
 W‫א‬ mm 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W A1
  A1 = π × (D )+π × D× L
 
2
−d 2
4
 W‫א‬ mm 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W A2
 
2
  A2 = π × d +π ×d ×l
4
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬W D
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬W d
 ‫א‬‫א‬W L
 ‫א‬‫א‬W l
 
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬5-4
(2.5)‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، -‫ب‬
 K‫א‬
 
 5  4  3  2  1
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻮزن ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
W1 (mg )
‫اﻟﻮزن ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

W2 (mg )
‫ﻓﺎﻗﺪ اﻟﻮزن ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

W = W1 − W2
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
A1
A2
‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬
CPR⎛⎜ mm ⎞
⎝ year ⎟⎠
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ‬:(2.5) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
- 58 -
EF ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬


 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 -1
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 J
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 J
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 J
 K J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K 
- 59 -
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬ J1
‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 ‫א‬ J8
   
( Cover)‫ א‬1-3
 
 W‫א‬
 
 KE،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
- 60 -
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 (1)‫א‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﺺ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫إﻋﺪاد‬
............................................................
‫إﺷﺮاف‬
.............................................................
1430 ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺒﻲ اﻷول‬
‫ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻐﻼف‬:(1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- 61 -
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
  (Summary)‫א‬2-3
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ( Introduction)‫א‬3-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ %3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
- 62 -
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫أﺧﻄﺎء ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﺎدﻳﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء آﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬4-3
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5-3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
‫ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬-‫أ‬

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
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 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬، 9
‫أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد و اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬-‫ب‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
KE،F‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫ﺧﻄﻮات إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻬﺎ‬-‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬-‫د‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬6-3
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﺪاول‬-‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬  9
K
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬-‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K ‫א‬ 9
‫א‬    EC،•F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    9
K(Excel)
K‫א‬، 9
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -7
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
- 64 -
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  9
K‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬‫ א‬-8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬ J
  J
  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫ א‬-9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K
 K (2)‫א‬
- 65 -
‫‪ 174‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ EF‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫א‪‬‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫‪ 1-1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................1-2‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................2-2‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................3-2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﺮق ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................1-3‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................2-3‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................3-3‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫‪ 1-4‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‪.........................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ 2-4‬اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‪..................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(2‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪- 66 -‬‬
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 
 K‫א‬،1979،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J1
،،‫א‬‫א‬، 2000،‫א‬K،‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 1419،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 K1420
 K 1976،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬KWK،K J5
K1996،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬، J6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
7- Materials Science and Engineering, William D. Callister, John Wiley & Sons, NY,
1997.
8- The Science and Engineering of Materials, Donald R. Askeland, PWS, Boston, 1994.
9- Fundamentals of Physical Metallurgy, John D. Verhoeven, John Wiley & Sons, Canada,
1975.
10- Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, William F. Smith, McGraw-Hill,
NY, 1990.
11- Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, Sidney H. Avner, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1964.
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
(University of CAMBRIDGE)‫א‬‫א‬ J
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki
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 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 
 
1 ‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
2 1
2 ‫א‬‫א‬2
3 ‫א‬‫א‬3
3 ‫א‬4
3 ‫א‬5
5 ‫א‬6
7 E‫א‬F‫א‬7
7 E‫א‬F‫א‬8
8 ‫א‬‫א‬9
9 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
10 1
10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
13 ‫א‬‫א‬3
14 ‫א‬‫ א‬4
14 ‫א‬‫א‬ 5
16 ‫א‬ 6
16 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬1.6
21 ‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬2.6
22 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
23 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
23 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1.1
24 ‫א‬2.1
24 ‫א‬3.1
25 ‫א‬2
25 ‫א‬‫א‬1.2
26 ‫א‬‫א‬2.2
26 ‫א‬3.2
27 ‫א‬‫א‬4.2
28 ‫א‬3
28 ‫א‬‫א‬1.3
29 ‫א‬‫א‬2.3
30 ‫א‬3.3
 174  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  
30 ‫א‬‫א‬4.3
32 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
33 1
35 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
35 ‫ إﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1.2
36 ‫ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬2.2
39 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3
39 ‫إﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1.3
39 ‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬2.3
40 ‫א‬‫א‬4
40 ‫اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1.4
43 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5
43 ‫إﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬1.5
45 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6
46 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7
47 ‫א‬8
50 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
51 1
51 ‫א‬‫א‬2
51 ‫ اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ‬1.2
52 ‫ اﻟﺘﺂآﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎاﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬2.2
53 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
54 ‫א‬‫א‬4
55 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.4
56 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.4
56 ‫א‬‫א‬3.4
57 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﻠﺐ وﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬4.4
58 ‫א‬5.4

علم المواد عملي

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علم المواد عملي

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

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬

‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬:(1.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎر داﺋﺮي ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻊ‬

‫ ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬:(2.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬:(3.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺟﻬﺎز إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬:(4.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬:(5.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J3

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺿﻊ ورق‬

‫ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة و اﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻢ‬:(6.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة ﺗﺰﻳﻞ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ًﺎ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬:(7.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ درﺟﺔ‬90 ‫ﺗﺪار اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬

‫( ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﻔﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬8.1) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

X ‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺴﺎم‬

‫ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي‬:( 1.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

(Ocular eyepiece lens)‫א‬‫א‬-

‫ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗـﻮة اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬:‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬

‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(3.2‬أﺟﺰاء ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(4.2‬اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫( ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺻﻮل ﺑﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬5.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬1-6

‫ ﺻﻮر ﻣﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ‬:(6.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻄﺮوق‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(7.2‬ﺻﻮر ﻣﺠﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ و ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰهﺮ‬

‫ب‪ -‬وﺟﻮد اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ‬

‫ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ )اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ(‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(8.2‬ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ ﺟﺮاﻓﻴﺖ‬

‫ج‪ -‬ﺣﺠﻢ و ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬

‫ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬:(9.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

( 200 X)‫( ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻃﻮر اﻷوﺳﺘﻨﻴﺖ‬10.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ‬-1 ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬

‫ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺪاآﻦ‬- 2 ‫اﻟﻄﻮر‬

(350 X) ‫ وﺟﻮد ﻃﻮرﻳﻦ‬:‫ ﻧﺤﺎس‬-‫ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬:(11.2) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ آﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻴﻮب‬- ‫هـ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ :(13.2‬ﺗﺸﻘﻘﺎت ﺗﺂآﻞ ﺑﺈﺣﺪى ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‬

‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬2-6

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة أو رﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮي‬:(1.2) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

‫ أﺣﺪ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻓﺮان اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬:(1.3)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﻓﺮن آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﺔ‬:(2.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬

‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻷﻧﺘﻤﻮن‬:(4.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬4-2

( 0C ) ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ (‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪن اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬:(1.3) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

 ،E F،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K6

‫א‬E 621 0C F‫א‬‫א‬ 500 0C ‫א‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬

‫ ﺑﺰﻣﻮث‬%50 -‫ أﻧﺘﻤﻮن‬%50 :‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬:(6.3) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬4-3

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  :(Annealing) ‫א‬ J1

‫)أ( ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬ ‫)ج( ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬:(1.4) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬