azzeddine, بحث8

;÷H·÷/*;/
;0.;3/&;30/;/
¸ºH%*¢F*
²·H

Z9I
www.imamu.edu.sa
e-mail: edu_journal@imamu. edu.sa
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬KK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬KK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٤٣٨L٧L٢٨W‫א‬ ١٤٣٨L٥L١٨W‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٤٢٣F ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   W   ‫א‬  K‫א‬     
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،E٢{٨٢F
،E٢{٩٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E٢{٩٦F
 ‫א‬ ،E٢{٥٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬F‫א‬
 E١٩٩٨W٤٩
  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J  ‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٧٥ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٤،‫א‬FK‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠١١W١٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
٪٦٥،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W٢٠٠٦، F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٣

    
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٧٦
 
 ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٧F‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠٠٤F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٧٧ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
W ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F
‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
E‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٧٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
KE‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -
K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   -
  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٧٩ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
  ‫?א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،     
 
 E١٩٩٩،‫א‬F?‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
KW‫א‬‫ א‬-
 J١٤٣٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K١٤٣٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
 E٥٦W١٩٩٧،‫א‬F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٨٠
 ‫א‬ 
  ‫?א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
?‫א‬
 E٧٦W١٩٧٧،‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠٠٤،F?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   
  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬ 

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
، F 
 ‫א‬   
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،EK،

 ‫א‬‫א‬،EK‫א‬،،،F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
 E٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨١ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
، F ‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٣W٢٠٠٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،KKK‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
  (Bob,2000) K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٨٢
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬
  (Berry,2003) K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J

  
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٩،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   
 ‫א‬
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨٣ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (Randall, 2009) K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٨٤
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EHenry, 2003) K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 
   
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١ J٢٠١١W٩،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨٥ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬FW‫א‬E١٩٩٣،F ‫א‬ -

 ،E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،٧٩٨٠

 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬W
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ، ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬EDimock , 2005F‫א‬ -

‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬KE٢٣١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٠١١،‫א‬F‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٪٥٥W‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٨،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٥٥K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٨٦
٪٥٤،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١٢،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬E١٦٩F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٠٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E١٢F
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١٣،F‫א‬‫א‬ -
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٨٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٢٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K٪٦٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪٦٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١٣،‫א‬F‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨٧ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٠١٥،F‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥٠F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ETasmekt, 2016F‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٨٨
‫א‬‫א‬E٪٦٥FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
KE٩٧٧٩F،١٤٣٨L١٤٣٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬
،E٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤٣٨ J١٤٣٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 

 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E٤٠F
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤F‫א‬‫א‬W
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٨٩ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E١٤F
E٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–٥٥K٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٨٥K٠
‫א‬KE٧٥K٠–٣٧K٠F
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، E٤٥F
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٠{٨٨F‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٩٠K٠F‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٨٦F
‫א‬‫א‬،E٩٤K٠F‫א‬‫א‬
E٩٦K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
، ، ‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬E٣F،E٢F،‫א‬E١F‫א‬E‫א‬
، ‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٩٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F،E٢F
–١{٦٦F،E١{٦٧–٢{٣٣F،  E٣٤K٢ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١
 W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤،٣،٢،١FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
   ١ ١٠٢K٠  ٩٦K٢  ١٤
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
   ٢  ١٣٧K٠  ٩٣K٢ ١٤
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
   ٣  ١٣٦K٠  ٥٢K٢ ١٢
 ‫א‬
     ١٢٦K٠ ٨٢K٢ ٤٠  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
،E٣٤K٢–٣F‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠٢K٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٦K٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩١ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠٠٢،F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٣٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٩٣
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢٠١١،‫א‬F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٥W٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٣٦K٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢K٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٩٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠١٠W٢١٤،‫א‬F‫א‬
،E٨٢K٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٩٩٣، F‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠١٤، ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤،٢،٣FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  1 . 235 2. 96  ‫א‬ 14
  2 . 235 2. 95 K‫א‬‫א‬ 13
‫א‬
  3 . 286 2. 94 4
 K‫א‬
  4 . 297 2. 93 K‫א‬‫א‬ 10
  5 . 297 2. 92 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6
‫א‬
  6 . 297 2. 91 12
 K
  7 . 307 2. 90 ‫א‬‫א‬ 7
  8 . 421 2. 89  K 8
  9 . 423 2. 86 ‫א‬ 3
‫א‬
  10 . 435 2. 84 1
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩٣ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  11 . 456 2. 82 2
 K‫א‬
 12 . 728 1. 32  K‫א‬ 5
 13 . 370 1. 07 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 14 . 237 1. 03 11
 
 E١١FE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٨٢K٢ J٩٦K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬?
‫א‬?،E٢٣٥K٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٦K٢F‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥K٢F ‫א‬?‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬?،E٢٣٥K٠F
?،E٢٣٨K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٤K٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٣K٢F ‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬،E٢٩٧K٠F
?،E٢٩٧K٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬E٩٢K٢F
‫א‬E٩١K٢F‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?،E٢٩٧K٠F‫א‬
،E٣٠٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠K٢F‫א‬?
E٨٩K٢F‫א‬??
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٩٤
?،KE٤٢١KF ‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٢٣K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦K٢F ‫א‬?‫א‬
?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?،
،E٤٣٥K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٤K٢F‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬
 KE٤٥٦K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٢K٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٦٦K١F‫א‬
K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢K١F‫א‬
K١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٧٢٨
‫א‬E٧٢٨KF ‫א‬‫א‬E٠٧
،E٠٣K١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٣٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠١٠W٢١٤،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩٥ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  1 . 202 2. 96  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 19


 2 . 248 2. 95 17
 K‫א‬
 3 . 286 2. 94  24
‫א‬
 4 . 286 2. 92 28
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 5 . 286 2. 91 26
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
 6 . 286 2. 90 16
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 7 . 297 2. 90 23
 ‫א‬

 8 . 320 2. 89 18
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 9 . 307 2. 89 ‫א‬‫א‬ 22
 10 . 330 2. 88  K‫א‬ 15
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 11 . 339 2. 87 20
 ‫א‬
 12 . 339 2. 86  K‫א‬‫א‬ 21
 13 . 375 2. 86 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 25
‫א‬
 14 . 383 2. 86 27
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٩٦
E١٤F‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 J٩٦K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٨٦K٢
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?W‫א‬
،E٢٠٢K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٦K٢F‫א‬
? ‫א‬ ?
?،E٢٤٨K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥K٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬?
 
?،E٢٨٦K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٤K٢F
‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?،E٢٨٦K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٢K٢F
E٩١K٢F‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،? ‫א‬‫א‬?
?E٢٨٦K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠K٢F ‫א‬
،? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?،E٢٩٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩١K٢F‫א‬
،? ‫א‬‫א‬
،E٣٢٠K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٩K٢F‫א‬
‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬?
‫?א‬،E٣٠٧K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٨٩K٢F
‫א‬E٨٨K٢F‫א‬?
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩٧ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫? א‬،E٣٣٠K٠F‫א‬
‫א‬E٨٧K٢F‫א‬،?
?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?،E٣٣٩K٠F‫א‬
E٣٣٩K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦K٢F‫א‬
E٨٦K٢F ‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬?،E٣٧٥K٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٨٣K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦K٢F
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٥٩٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ١ . 001 ٩٨K٢  K A40

‫א‬
  ٢ . 003 ٩٧K٢ A39
 K
‫א‬
  ٣ . 001 ٩٦K٢ A38
 K‫א‬

  ٤ . 004 ٩٥K٢ A37
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ٥ . 261 ٩٤K٢ A35
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
  ٦ . 286 ٩٣K٢ A29
 K‫א‬‫א‬

  ٧ . 291 ٩٢K٢ A30
 K‫א‬

  ٨ . 297  ٩٢K٢ A36
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
  ٩ . 290  ٩١K٢ A33
 K
‫א‬
  ١٠ . 297 ٩١K٢ A32
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١١ . 339  ٩١K٢ A31
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ١٢ . 335  ٩٠K٢ A34
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩٩ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
K٢ J٩٨K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٩٠
‫א‬‫א‬،??
?،E٠٠١K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٨K٢F‫א‬
E٩٧K٢F ‫א‬?
 ‫א‬
‫?א‬،E٠٠٣K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٩٦K٢F ‫א‬?‫א‬
،?
 ‫א‬?،E٠٠١K٠F‫א‬
K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥K٢F‫א‬
،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،E٠٠٤
?،E٢٦١K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٤K٢F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?،E٢٨٦K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٣K٢F
‫א‬E٩٢K٢F ‫א‬،?‫א‬
،?
 ‫א‬?،E٢٩١K٠F‫א‬
K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٢K٢F‫א‬
،?
 ‫?א‬،E٢٩٧
،E٢٩٠K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩١K٢F‫א‬  
،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?
،E٢٩٧K٠F‫א‬E٩١K٢F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٠٠
K٢F ‫א‬،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?،E٣٣٩K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩١
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬،? 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٣٥K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠K٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠١ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
1. 043 113. 51 275   ‫א‬
1. 184 113. 24 148    ‫א‬
423 ‫א‬‫א‬
1. 140 115. 32 126  ‫א‬
1. 065 110. 16 192  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
1. 125 114. 65 105
‫א‬
423  ‫א‬‫א‬
1. 042 112. 54 299  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
1. 247 114. 20 124 ‫א‬
    423  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
FW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٠٢
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   
‫א‬  ‫א‬
EFF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
. 815 . 055 . 736 1 . 736 ‫א‬‫א‬
. 000 9. 740 131. 085 2 262. 170  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. 017 5. 718 76. 960 1 76. 960  ‫א‬
. 377 . 978 13. 164 2 26. 328  ‫א‬G‫א‬
. 360 . 841 11. 316 1 11. 316  ‫א‬G‫א‬
. 247 1. 341 18. 051 1 18. 051  ‫א‬G‫א‬
. 385 . 756 10. 176 1 10. 176 ‫א‬G‫א‬G‫א‬
    13. 459 413 5558. 472  ‫א‬
       422  8199. 872  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠٣ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E،،FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
G
. 000 5. 16  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
. 432 . 63  ‫א‬‫א‬  
G
. 000 -5. 16  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
G
. 000 -4. 53-  ‫א‬‫א‬  
. 432 -. 63  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
G
. 000 4. 53  ‫א‬  
 ٠٥K٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬ ‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٠٤
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١ . 100 2. 96 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢ . 205 2. 96 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 11
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠٥ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣ . 220 2. 96 10
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤ . 220 2. 96 7
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ٥ . 248 2. 95 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦ . 275 2. 95 ‫א‬‫א‬ 15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧ . 275 2. 95 14
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ٨ . 275 2. 95 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩ . 286 2. 94 16
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠ . 310 2. 93 13
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١ . 310 2. 92 12
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢ . 297 2. 90 2
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣ . 297 2. 88 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٠٦
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤ . 307 2. 86 27
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٥ . 283 2. 84 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦ . 351 2. 83 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧ . 339 2. 80 21
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨ . 347 2. 78 23
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩ . 347 2. 71  ‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠ . 344 2. 68 ‫א‬‫א‬ 25
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١ . 379 2. 32 24
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢ . 404 2. 30 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 28
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٣ . 434 2. 30 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 18
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤ . 417 2. 22 19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ . 406 2. 20 26
 ‫א‬
 ٢٦ . 461 1. 61 ‫א‬‫א‬ 22
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠٧ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧ . 467 1. 50 20
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٨ . 476 1. 53 17
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
E١٨FE٨F‫א‬
٩٦K٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٧٨K٢–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٦K٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠٠
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬E٩٤K٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٠٨

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٢٠٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E٩٦K٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E٢٢K٠F‫א‬
E٩٥K٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
،E٢٤٨K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٩٥K٢F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٤٨K٠F‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E٩٥K٢F ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٧٥K٠F
 ‫א‬E٩٥K٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 
   ‫א‬E٢٧٥K٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٩٥K٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٧٥K٠F‫א‬
E٩٤K٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨٦K٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٣١٠K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٣K٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠٩ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٩٢K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣١٠K٠F‫א‬
E٩٠K٢F ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٩٧K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٩٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٨K٢F

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٣٠٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦K٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢٨٣K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬E٨٤K٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٣٥١K٠F ‫א‬‫א‬ E٨٣K٢F ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٨٠K٢F‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٣٩K٠F‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٤٧KF‫א‬‫א‬E٧٨K٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٧F
،E٦٧K١–٣٣K٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٤٧KF ‫א‬‫א‬،E٧١K٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٦٨K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤٤K٠F
E٣٢K٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،E٣٧٩K٠F ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K٠F‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٠K٢F‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٠٤

 
  ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٤٣٤K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠K٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬،E٢٢K٢F ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  E٤١٧K٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦١١ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E٢٠K٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٠٦KF
‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬،E١–٦٦K١F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬  W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‘‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٦١K١F‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   
 
 ‫א‬E٤٦١
E٥٠K١F ‫א‬
 
 
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ E٤٦٧K٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
KE٤٧٦KF ‫א‬‫א‬E٥٣K١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩F‫א‬E‫א‬
 E٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
. 229  113. 34 275   ‫א‬
. 458  113. 05 148    ‫א‬
423  ‫א‬‫א‬
. 635 83. 183 126  ‫א‬
. 371 81. 175 192  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
. 414 82. 575 105
‫א‬
423  ‫א‬‫א‬
. 248 82. 061 299  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
. 521 82. 250 124 ‫א‬
    423  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦١٣ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F
،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

   
‫א‬  ‫א‬
EFF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
. 276 1. 192 1. 192 1 5. 638  ‫א‬‫א‬
. 002 6. 549 6. 549 2 61. 950  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. 177 1. 825 1. 825 1 8. 630  ‫א‬
. 322 1. 138 1. 138 2 10. 763  ‫א‬G‫א‬
. 234 1. 421 1. 421 1 6. 720  ‫א‬G‫א‬
. 000 18. 673 18. 673 1 88. 313  ‫א‬G‫א‬
G‫א‬G‫א‬
. 735 . 114 . 114 1 . 541
 ‫א‬
    413 1953. 297  ‫א‬
       422 3197. 277  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬ ،،‫א‬FW‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 E١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦١٤
 E١١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
G
. 000 3. 37  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
. 407  . 39 ‫א‬‫א‬  
. 000  G-3. 37-  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
G
. 000 -2. 99- ‫א‬‫א‬  
. 407 -. 39-  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
G
. 000   2. 99  ‫א‬  
 ٠٥K٠‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦١٥ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
* * *
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦١٦
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬
   
    ‫א‬ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦١٧ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١١
، ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
* * *
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١٥F، -
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٧ J٥٤،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢F، -
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٩٩٣F  ،، -
 ‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٨ J٧
www. ،‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠١١F،‫ א‬-
uobabylon. edu. iq
‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫ א‬-
 KE٢٠١١F
 www. bab. com
‫א‬KE٢٠٠٩F‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٢‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠١٢F،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٩٠ J٧٠،E٢F،E١٣F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠١١F  ،‫ א‬-
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،٤  ‫א‬‫א‬WE ١٩٧٧F،‫א‬ -
 K
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦١٩ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،٦  ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠٠٣F،‫א‬ -
 K
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٩٩٩F ‫א‬،‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،٢  ‫א‬ -
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٧F،
K‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٨F ،‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠٠١F،‫א‬ -
،٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٢٠١٣F،‫ א‬-
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 –‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،،،?‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٤F، -
،٢
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
،٣٤‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠٠٦F ، -
 K٥٣،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،? ‫א‬‫א‬?KE٢٠٠٤F‫א‬،‫ א‬-
،١
K٤ J٣W،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٠١٣F،‫ א‬-
‫א‬، ،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK ٦٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٧F،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫ א‬-
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،٣٦٨ J٣٤٥،E٢F،٩،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠١٤F‫א‬،‫ א‬-
‫א‬،K
 ٣،‫א‬
 J Berry, L. (2003) Developing Children and Multicultural Attitudes: The
Systemic Psychosocial Influences of Television Portrayals in a Multimedia
Society. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, v9 n4 p360-66
- Bob, S. (2000) Public Television: Commitment to Children's Programs
Distance Education, v4 n1 p2 Jan.
- Dimmock, G (2005) : Relation Ship of Fan Identification to Determinants of
Aggression Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. vole, 11, March, p 37
- Henry. j. (2003) . Key facts TV violence, family foundation www. kff. org.
- Randall ,C, (2009) social science violence, micro-sociological theory,
Princeton University Press.
-Tasmektepligil, &Mehmet Yaicin (2016) . An Assessment of the Attitudes of
Three Big Football Teams Supporters in Turkey towards Fanaticism.
Universal Journal of Education Research,v4 n11 p 2669-2676.
* * *
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٢١ E‫א‬‫א‬F١٤٤١‫א‬‫א‬
- Allawi, M. (2004). The Psychology of Aggression and Violence in Sports,
Vol. 2, The Book Center for Publishing, Cairo.
- Ali, M. (2006). Sport and Violence, Journal of Ahwal, Issue 34, Center
for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo, p. 53.
- Al-Ghamdi, A. (2004). Symposium on "Security of Sports Fields", 1st
edition, Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, Riyadh, pp. 3-4.
- Al-Malkh, M. (2013) Intolerance in Sports and emotional Equilibrium in
the Field for Handball Players in the Gaza Strip, Unpublished MA Thesis,
Islamic University, Gaza
- Mustafa, A. Alrubaan, H. (1997). The role of social systems in the
competitive socialization of children, Journal of Educational Sciences and
Islamic Studies, King Saud University, 9, (2), 345-368, Riyadh.
- Al-Maayta, K. (2014). Social Psychology. Amman, Dar Al-Fikr, 3rd
edition.

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

(ÎÂBRºA ÔlA) __Æ1441 Áj ÅÊjr§ºA ef§ºA
List of References:
- Hafez, A. (2015). The role of sports journalism in reducing the
phenomenon of intolerance in sports among university youths, Al-Hikma
Journal of Media Studies, Al-Hikma Foundation for Publishing and
Distribution, Algeria, pp. 54-77.
- Hajjaj, M. (2002). Intolerance and aggression in sports, The Anglo-
Egyptian Library, Cairo.
- Hassanein, M. Ubadah, A. and Siar, A. (1993). An Analytical Study of
the Phenomenon of Intolerance in Sports in Bahrain, Research Plan of the
Fourth Bahrain Sports Institute, Bahrain Sports Institute in cooperation
with the Bahrain Olympic Committee, Manama, pp. 7-48.
- Khishani, A. (2011). Riot in Sports, University of
Babylon www.uobabylon.edu.iq
- Al-Sakka, S. (2011). Riots in stadiums: A complicated phenomenon, King
Saud University, www.bab.com
- Al-Shafei, H. and Jamal Al-Din, A. (2009). Responsibility from the
perspective of Islamic law and positive law on serious risks and death in
sports competitions, Journal of the Faculty of Physical Education,
Mansoura University, Issue 12.
- Al-Dawoud, R. and Al-Akour, M.(2012). Analysis of the phenomenon of
intolerance in sports in Jordan from the point of view of coaches,
administrators and football players, Journal of Educational and
Psychological Sciences, Bahrain, Volume (13), (2), pp. 70-90.
- Aldous, K.(2011). Sports Media and its Relationship to Intolerance in
Sports, MA Thesis, Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Arts, King
Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
- Zahran, H. (1977). Social Psychology. 4, ‘Alam Alkutub for Publishing,
Cairo.
- Zahran, H. (2003). Social Psychology. 6, ‘Alam Alkutub for Publishing,
Cairo.
- Abdelhamid, Hanan A.(1999). Factorial Structural of Sports Fanaticism,
Unpublished MA Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, Helwan
University, Cairo.
- Abdullah, M. (1997). Intolerance: Psychological Social Study, 2nd
edition, Cairo, Dar Ghraib for Printing and Publishing.
- Abdel-Rahman, M.(1998). How Media Influences - A Study in theories
and Methods, Obeikan Library, Saudi Arabia.
- Abdul Hadi, N. (2001). Educational Measurement and Evaluation and its
uses. 2nd edition, Amman, Dar Wael Printing and Publishing.
- Attiyah, A. (2013). The psychology of intolerance in sports and its
relationship to social and security upbringing - an integrated cognitive and
psychological approach. 4th International Conference "Sports Against
Crime", Dubai Police, Government of Dubai, UAE.
ÀÆj£Â ÑÇUÊ Ä¾ ÑY³A ÑÌB²ËºA µjÊ ¹ËJM Ñ§¾BU LÜ Ófº ÎyBÌjºA Kv§NºA
Ïn¦ A fJ¦ f¿ .e .C
Intolerance in sports among the students of Tabuk University and the proposed
methods of prevention from their point of view
Dr. Mohammed A. Asiri,

Department of Education and Psychology
Faculty of Education and Arts
Tabouk university
Abstract:
The paper aims to detect the level of intolerance among the students of
Tabuk University, and the proposed methods of prevention from their point of
view. The descriptive approach is used with a cluster random population of (423)
students in the University of Tabuk. The researcher used the descriptive
approach and to achieve the goals of the research a questionnaire was designed
to detect the level of intolerance and other proposed questionnaire to provide
methods of prevention and treatment. It was concluded that the level of
intolerance in sports among university students was high. The mean value of
intolerance in sports was (2.82). The variable of knowledge was the top value; it
was the most prominent variable regarding intolerance in sports with a mean of
(2.96). Then came the variable of identity scoring a mean of (2.93). The variable
of emotion was the third with a mean of (2.52). There were statistically
significant differences for the effect of residence variable on intolerance in sports
against students living outside the city. In addition, there were statistically
significant differences between students of health disciplines and engineering,
favoring students of health disciplines. The key ways to prevent intolerance in
sports is to let administrators in the clubs and players join training programs on
social skills like communication skills and social interaction. The paper proposes
several recommendations, including: the intensification of awareness and
education programs about intolerance for the individual and society.
Key Words: intolerance in sports, students, the proposed methods of
prevention
ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

(ÎÂBRºA ÔlA) __Æ1441 Áj ÅÊjr§ºA ef§ºA

azzeddine, بحث8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

azzeddine, بحث8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

;÷H·÷/*;/

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  1 . 202 2. 96  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 19

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ١ . 001 ٩٨K٢  K A40

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

Dr. Mohammed A. Asiri,

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

You might also like

azzeddine, بحث8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

azzeddine, بحث8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

;÷H·÷/*;/

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  1 . 202 2. 96  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 19

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ١ . 001 ٩٨K٢  K A40

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

Dr. Mohammed A. Asiri,

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

You might also like

;÷H·÷/*;/

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»

ÑÌËIºA ÁË»§ºA Ñ»