EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ دواﺋﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 D2, D5D1,W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫♦ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K600° C‫א‬‫א‬EThermometersF‫א‬ K١
K600° C‫א‬‫א‬EPyrometersF‫א‬ K٢
 
 EThermoelectric ThermometerF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٣
 EThermocoupleFE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١ J٣F‫א‬
‫א‬،Et2 > t1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E F‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 Typical Thermocouples‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 EThermocouple materialsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢ J٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ♦
 K ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 KE–F١٠٠٣٠٠ J ♦
 KE–F١٣٠٠ ♦
 E‫א‬–F١٨٠٠٦٠٠ ♦
 E–F٢٩٠٠١٣٠٠ ♦
Reduced F‫א‬‫א‬E –F١٦٠٠١٠٠٠ ♦
 KEatmosphere
Oxidized F‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬–F٢١٠٠١٦٠٠ ♦
KEatmosphere

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 Chemical composition‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 AL  Cr Cu Fe Mn  Ni
‫א‬
 2      0.5  2.5  95
Alumel
        
 10  90
Chromel
        
Constan  55  45
 tan
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 
 E°F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬     J‫א‬  H‫א‬
٣٥٠ J٢٥٠ ٣٠٠ J٢٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬   T
٥٠٠ J٧٥٠ ٤٠٠ J٦٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬   J
٥٠٠ J٨٠٠ ٤٥٠ J٧٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E
٨٥٠ J١٢٠٠ ٦٥٠ J١٠٠٠  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦٠٠  ١٤٠٠   S
 E٪١٠F
‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦٠٠  ١٤٠٠   R
 E٪١٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٠٠  ١٥٠٠ B
 E٪٦F  E٪٣٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F

- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢ J٣

 K‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ J٣
 KEusually 50 µV/°C (28 µV/°F) or lessF ♦
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٣
 Resistance thermometer or resistance-temperature device (RTD)
،٨٥٠٥٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEResistance pyrometersF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣FK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
Resistance Temperature Detectors‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٢ J٣
 K ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 KEHigher signal-to-noise ratioF‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٢ J٣
 K ♦
 K ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ J٣
 Thermistor (Thermal Sensitive Resistor)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬K،،،،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ENTC
‫א‬‫א‬NTCK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، KE٣ J٣FE
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E≈± 0.02 ° CF‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K
 K– 100 – 150 ° C‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٧  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 Typical Thermistors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F
 
 EThermal Radiation ThermometerF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢ J٣
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPlank’s Law
 ٣‫א‬‫א‬

  JW‫א‬‫א‬
 K21° C١ J٣
 KEFKEFW‫א‬٢ J٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣
‫א‬EFK EFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFKEFW‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFK‫א‬

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