Numbers and series

1.Find the missing number in the series?

6,24,60,120,210,?,504
Ans:336
2^3 - 2 = 6
3^3 - 3 = 24
4^3 - 4 = 60
5^3 - 5 = 120
6^3 - 6 = 210
7^3 - 7 = 336
8^3 - 8 = 504

2.Find the wrong number in the series

9,28,65,126,217,343,513

Ans:343
9=2^3+1
28=3^3+1
65=4^3+1
126=5^3+1
217=6^3+1
344=7^3+1
513=8^3+1

3.6,7,16,?,208
Ans:51
First number = 6
Here 2nd number = (1st number x 1 )+1= 7
3rd number = (2nd number x 2 +2) =14+2=16 and soo on
 So 4th number = (3rd number x 3 + 3) = 16 x 3 + 3=51

4.Find the missing letter in the series

X,U , R,P,__

Ans: L
The letters in series have 2 letter gap in reverse order

5.Choose the missing term in the given series from the four alternatives given below.
A,C,F,J,?,U
Ans: O
The letters move 1,2,3,4,5,6... steps forward.

Allegations and mixture :

1.A container contains 60 litres of milk. From that 9 litres of milk was taken out and
replaced by water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is
now contained by the container ?
Ans:36.84 liters
Given that container has 60 litres of milk.

After replacing 9 litres of milk with water for three times, milk contained in the
container is:
60(1-9/60)^3 =51 x 51 x 51/60 x 60
=36.84 liters

2.A container contains 30 litres of milk.From this container 5 litres of milk was taken
out and replaced by water. This process was repeated further two times. How much
milk is now contained by the container.
Ans:17.36 liters
 Amount of milk left after 3 operations
30(1-5/30)^3=25x25x25/30x30=17.36liters

3.One type of liquid contains 26 % of benzene, the other contains 32% of benzene.
A can is filled with 7 parts of the first liquid and 5 parts of the second liquid. Find the
percentage of benzene in the new mixture.
Ans:28.5 %
Let the percentage of benzene = X
(32 - X)/(X- 26) = 7/5
=> 12X = 342
X = 28.5

So, required percentage of benzene = 28.5 %

4.In a 63 ltr mixture, the ratio of milk and water is 7:5. How much water should be
added in the mixture so as the ratio will become 5:7 ?
Ans:25.2 L
Given mixture = 63 lit
Milk in it = 63 x 7/12 = 36.75 lit
=> Water in it = 63 - 36.75 = 26.25 lit

Let 'L' lit of water is added to make the ratio as 5:7

=> 36.75/(26.25+L) = 5/7

=> 257.25 = 131.25 + 5L=126/5=25.2 L

Calender:

1.Today is Monday. After 62 days, it will be :

Ans:Sunday
 Each day of the week is repeated after 7 days. So, after 63 days, it will be Monday.

After 62 days, it will be Sunday.

2.The last day of a century cannot be 1.Mon,2.Tue,3.Wed,4.Thur

Ans:Thursday
100 years contains 5 odd days
Therefore Last day of 1st century is friday
200 years contains (5 x 2 ) ≡ 3 odd days
Therefore Last day of 2st century is wednesday
300 years contains (5 x 3 ) ≡ 1 odd day
Therefore Last day of 3rd century is Monday
400 years contain 0 odd days
Therefore Last day of 4th century is Sunday
This cycle is repeated.
Therefore,Last day of a century cannot be Tuesday ,Thursday or saturday.

3.How many weekends in a year? 50,52,104,102

Ans: 52
Weekend means Saturday & Sunday together. In total we have 52 weeks in a year.
So there are 52 weekends in a year.
In normal we have 104 Weekend Days.
We know that a Each normal year has 365 days or 52 weeks plus one day, and
each week has two weekend days,
which means there are approximately 104 weekend days each year.
Whereas in a leap year we have 366 days it adds one more day to the year. And
what makes the change is the starting day of the year.
4.January 1, 2007 was Monday. What day of the week lies on Jan. 1, 2008 ?
Ans:Tuesday
The year 2007 is an ordinary year. So, it has 1 odd day.
1st day of the year 2007 was Monday
1st day of the year 2008 will be 1 day beyond Monday
Hence, It will be Tuesday.
Blood Relationship

1. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B and A x B

means A is the father of B. Which of the following means that C is the son of
M?

a. M-NxC+F
b. F-C+NxM
c. N+M-FxC
d. MxN-C+F
ANS: d. M x N - C + F
Solution:
M x N -> M is the father of N
N – C -> N is the sister of C
C + F -> C is the brother of F
Hence, M is the father of C or C is the son of M

2. Introducing a boy, a girl said, "He is the son of the daughter of the father of my
uncle." How is the boy related to the girl?

a. Brother
b. Nephew
c. Uncle
d. Son-in-law
ANS: a. Brother
Solution:
The father of the boy’s uncle -> the grandfather of the boy and daughter of the
grandfather is the mother of the boy -> the girl is the sister to the boy.

3. A3P means A is the mother of P; A4P means A is the brother of P; A9P means
A is the husband of P; A5P means A is the daughter of P. Which of the following
means that K is the mother-in-law of M?

a. M9N3K4J
b. M9N5K3J
c. K5J9M3N
 d. K3J9N4M
ANS: b. M9N5K3J
Solution:
M9N -> M is the husband of N
N5K -> N is the daughter of K
Hence -> M is the son-in-law of K
K3J -> K is the mother of J
Hence -> K is a lady
Hence -> K is the mother-in-law of M

4. Pointing to George, Nina says, "I am the daughter of the only son of his
grandfather." How Nina is related to George?

a. Niece
b. Daughter
c. Sister
d. Cannot be determined
ANS: c. Sister
Solution:
Nina is the daughter of the only son of George’s grandfather. Hence, it is clear
that Nina is the sister of George.

5. Pointing to a lady a person said, "The son of her only brother is the brother of
my wife." How is the lady related to the person?

a. Maternal aunt
b. Grandmother
c. Sister of father-in-law
d. None of these
ANS: c. Sister of father-in-law
Solution:
Brother of person's wife → brother-in-law of the person. Hence, the son of lady's
brother is brother-in-law of the person. Therefore, the brother of the lady is the
father-in-law of the person. Hence, the lady is the sister of the person's father-
in-law.
Simple Interest

1. Mr. Narayan invested an amount of Rs. 14,800 divided in two different schemes
A and B at the simple interest rate of 15% p.a. and 10% p.a. respectively. If the
total amount of simple interest earned in 2 years be Rs. 3508, what was the
amount invested in Scheme B?

a. Rs. 9400
b. Rs. 9320
c. Rs. 5480
d. Rs. 5428
ANS: b. Rs. 9320
Solution:
Let the sum invested in scheme B be Rs. X and that in scheme A be Rs. (14800-
x).
Then, (((14800-x) * 15 * 2) / 100) + ((x * 10 * 2) / 100) = 3508
Therefore, 444000 – 30x + 20x = 350800
Hence, x = Rs. 9320

2. Priya took a loan of Rs. 1600 with simple interest for as many years as the rate
of interest. If she paid Rs. 784 as interest at the end of the loan period, what
was the rate of interest?

a. 6
b. 4.5
c. 7
d. None of these
ANS: c. 7
Solution:
Let rate = R% and time = R years
Then, ((1600 * R * R) / 100) = 784
Therefore, R^2 = 49
Hence, R = 7
3. A lent Rs. 6000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 4000 to C for 4 years on simple interest
at the same rate of interest and received Rs. 2400 in all from both of them as
interest. The rate of interest per annum is?

a. 7%
b. 8.57%
c. 10%
d. 7.25%
ANS: b. 8.57%
Solution:
Let the rate be R% per annum.
Then, ((6000 * R * 2) / 100) + ((4000 * R * 4) / 100) = 2400
Therefore, 120R + 160 R = 2400
Hence, R= 60/7 = 8.57

4. A sum of Rs. 850 is lent in the beginning of a year at a certain rate of interest.
After 8 months, a sum of Rs. 462.50 more is lent but at the rate twice the former.
At the end of the year, Rs. 44.50 is earned as interest from both the loans. What
was the original rate of interest?

a. 3.46%
b. 3.6%
c. 3.84%
d. 4.5%
ANS: c. 3.84%
Solution:
Let the original rate be R%. Then, new rate = (2R)%
Here, original rate is for 1 year; the new rate is for only 4 months i.e. 1/3 year.
Therefore, ((850* R * 1) / 100) + ((462.50 * 2R * 1) / (3 *100)) = 44.50
Which implies, 2550R + 925R = 13350
Hence, R = 13350 / 3475 = 3.84%
Average

1. The average weight of 10 people increases by 3.5 kg when a new person

comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg. what might be the weight of the
new person?

a. 85 kg
b. 100 kg
c. 88.5 kg
d. None of these
ANS: b. 100 kg
Solution:
Total weight increased = (10 x 3.5) kg = 35 kg
Weight of new person = (65 + 35) kg = 100 kg

2. The average of 30 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be
greater than zero?

a. 0
b. 15
c. 29
d. 1
ANS: c. 29
Solution:
Average of 30 numbers = 0
Therefore, Sum of 30 numbers = 0
It is quite possible that 29 of these numbers may be positive and if their sum is
a then the 30th number is (-a).

3. The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 28 years old and the wicket
keeper is 2 years older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the average age
of the remaining players is one year less than the average age of the whole
team. What is the average age of the team?

a. 25.5 years
b. 23 years
 c. 24.5 years
d. 25 years
ANS: c. 24.5 years
Solution:
Let the average age of the whole team be x years.
Therefore, 11x – (28 + 30) = 9(x - 1)
Hence, x = 24.5 years.

4. The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs. 5075. The average monthly
income of Q and R is Rs. 6425 and the average monthly income of P and R is
Rs. 5400. The monthly income of P is:

a. 4000
b. 4050
c. 5000
d. 5050
ANS: b. 4050
Solution:
Let P, Q and R represent their respective monthly incomes. Then, we have:
P + Q = (5075 x 2) = 10150 .... (i)
Q + R = (6425 x 2) = 12850 .... (ii)
P + R = (5400 x 2) = 10800 .... (iii)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get: 2(P + Q + R) = 33800 or P + Q + R = 16900
.... (iv)
Subtracting (ii) from (iv), we get P = 4050.
P's monthly income = Rs. 4050.

Percentage

1. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 12 marks

more than the other and his marks was 58% of the sum of their marks. The
marks obtained by them are:

a. 30, 42
b. 32.5, 44.5
 c. 31.5, 43.5
d. 33, 45
ANS: c. 31.5, 43.5
Solution:
Let their marks be (x + 12) and x.
58
Then, x + 12 = (x + 12 + x)
100
16x = 504
x = 31.5
So, their marks are 31.5 and 43.5.

2. What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70 have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit?

a. 1
b. 14
c. 20
d. 21
ANS: c. 20
Solution:
Clearly, the numbers which have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit, have squares that
end in the digit 1. Such numbers from 1 to 70 are 1, 9, 11, 19, 21, 29, 31, 39,
41, 49, 51, 59, 61, 69.
Number of such number =14
14
Required percentage = x 100
70 % = 20%.

3. If 50% of a = b, then b% of 50 is the same as:

a. 5% of a
b. 20% of a
c. 25% of a
d. None of these
ANS: c. 25% of a
Solution:
50
50% of a = b a = b.
100
b 50 1 25
b% of 50 = x 50 = ax x 50 = a = 25% of a.
100 100 100 100
4. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 10% of A and 2% of B is two-
third of the sum of 8% of A and 12% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.

a. 4:3
b. 9:7
c. 3:4
d. 7:9
ANS: b. 9 : 7
Solution:
2
10% of A + 2% of B = (8% of A + 12% of B)
3
10 2 2 8 12
A+ B = A+ B
100 100 3 100 100
1 1 4 2
A+ B = A+ B
10 50 75 25
1 4 2 1
- -
10 75 A = 25 50 B
7 3
A= B
150 50
A 9
= .
B 7
Required ratio = 9 : 7

5. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. What is the percentage

error in calculation?

a. 34%
b. 64%
c. 54%
d. 44%
ANS: b. 64%
Solution:
Let the number be x.
5 3 16
Then, error = x - x = x.
3 5 15
16x 3
Error% = x x 100
15 5x % = 64%.
1. X, Y and Z enter into a partnership. X invests 3 times as much as Y invests and Y invests two-
third of what Z invests. At the end of the year, profit earned is Rs.6600. What is Z's share?
Ans: Let Z’s capital= Rs.x
Then Y’s capital= 2/3 x
X’s capital = 3 x 2/3(x) = 2x
Ratio of their capitals = 2x : 2/3 x : x = 6:2:3
 Z’s share = 3/11 x 6600 = Rs. 1800

2. A, B and C entered into a business partnership. A would invest Rs.6500 for 6 months, B
invested Rs.8400 for 5 months and C invested Rs. 10,000 for 3 months. A is the working
member for which he will receive 5% of the profits. The profit earned was Rs.7400. Calculate
C's share in the profit.
Ans: For managing, A receives 5%= 5% of 7400 = Rs 370
Remaining amount= 7400-370= 7030
Ratio of their investments= 6500x6 : 8400x5 : 10000x3 = 39000:42000:30000 = 13:14:10
C’s share= 10/37 x 7030 = Rs.1900

3. P and Q are partners in business. P contributes 1/4th of the capital for 9 months and Q
received 2/3rd of the profit. Q's money was used for ________
Ans: Let the total profit be Rs.z. Then, Q’s share = Rs. 2z/3
P’s share = z – 2z/3 = Rs. z/3
P:Q = z/3 : 2z/3 = 1:2
Let the total capital be Rs.a and suppose Q’s money was used for y months
Therefore, ¼ x a x 9/ ¾ x a x y = ½
 Y= 9x2/3 = 6 months

4. A and B start business jointly where B invests Rs.16000 for 8 months and A remains in the
business for 4 months. Out of total profit, A claims 2/7 th of the profit. How much money
was contributed by A?
Ans: Let the total profit be Rs.x
Then , A = 2x/7 and B’s share = 5x/7
A:B = 2:5
Let A’s capital be Rs.y Then y x 4/ 16000 x 8 = 2/5
 y = Rs. 12,800
 TECHNICAL

1. #include<iostream>
using namespace std:
class Empty { };
int main()
{
cout<<Sizeof(Empty);
return 0 ;
}
What is the output of the above code program?

Ans: The program outputs a non-zero value

2. Following keyword is used before a function in a base class to be overridden in derived class
in C++

Ans: ‘virtual’ keyword is used for overriding

3. How does C++ differentiate between overloaded prefix and postfix operators.

Ans: Postfix ++ has a dummpy parameter

4. Which of the following is true about constructors. i) They cannot be virtual ii) They cannot be
private.

Ans: Only i is true. C++ constructors can be private

5. If an argument to a function is declared as const, then _______

Ans: The function cannot modify the argument

6. Stack data structure cannot be used for

Ans: Stacks are used for evaluating postfix expression, implementing recursive function and
reversing strings but not for allocation of resources. Queues are used for resource allocation.

7. Consider the following pseudo code. Assume that IntQueue is an integer queue. What does
the function fun do?
void fun(int n)
{
IntQueue q = new IntQueue();
q.enqueue(0);
q.enqueue(1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
int a = q.dequeue();
int b = q.dequeue();
q.enqueue(b);
q.enqueue(a + b);
 ptint(a);
}
}

Ans: The function prints Fibonacci series upto n.

8. What is the output of following function for start pointing

to first node of following linked list? 1->4->5->7->9->2

void fun(struct node* start)

{
if(start==NULL)
return;
printf("%d ", start->data);
if(start->next != NULL )
fun(start->next->next);
print("%d ",start->data);
}

Ans: 1 5 9 9 5 1

9. The number of external nodes in a full binary tree with n internal nodes is

Ans: n+1

10. Which type of traversal of binary search tree outputs the numbers in sorted order?

Ans: In-order traversal

Coding Question
You will be given a string containing digits from 2 - 9. You need to return all possible
letter combinations that number could represent.
A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below:

Solution:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

vector<string> letterCombinationsUtil(const int number[],int n,const string table[])

{

vector<string> list;

queue<string> q;
q.push("");

while (!q.empty()) {
string s = q.front();
q.pop();

// If complete word is generated

 // push it in the list
if (s.length() == n)
list.push_back(s);
else

// Try all possible letters for current digit

// in number[]
for (auto letter : table[number[s.length()]])
q.push(s + letter);
}

// Return the generated list

return list;
}

// Function that creates the mapping and

// calls letterCombinationsUtil
void letterCombinations(const int number[], int n)
{

// table[i] stores all characters that

// corresponds to ith digit in phone
string table[10]
= { "0", "1", "abc", "def", "ghi",
"jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz" };

vector<string> list
= letterCombinationsUtil(number, n, table);

// Print the contents of the vector

 for (auto word : list)
cout << word << " ";

return;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{

int n;

scanf("%d",&n);

int array[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&array[i]);

// Function call
letterCombinations(array, n);

return 0;
}