Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Welding and
Nondestructive
Examination Symbols
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Summary .......................................................................................................................................................................... 91
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
SPECIFICATION
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TAIL OMITTED
WHEN REFERENCE
IS NOT USED
WELD SYMBOL
REFERENCE LINE TO
STUD, PLUG, SLOT, OR ARROW SIDE MEMBER
PROJECTION WELDS OF JOINT OR ARROW
SIDE OF JOINT
ELEMENTS IN THIS
AREA REMAIN AS SHOWN
WHEN TAIL AND ARROW
ARE REVERSED
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
OTHER SIDE
/ARROW SI DE
ARROW / SIDE OTHERSIDE
,
I I/ ARROW SIDE
l
OTHER SIDE
- OTHER SIDE
/ARROWSIDE
bevel, J- and flare-bevel grooves, fillet, and comer-flange entire length of the joint. A dimension to the right of the
welds). For these groove welds, the designer can desig- weld symbol refers to the length of groove weld segment
nate which of the two members actually receives the prep- required.
aration by using an arrow with a break in the line. The rule
is that the last segment of the urrow points to that member Fillet Weld Detailing
receiving the specìjed preparation (see Figure 6.3).
There is also dimensional information pertinent to fil-
let welds. As was the case for groove welds, the size of a
Dimensions and Other Data fillet weld is dimensioned to the left of the weld symbol.
Groove Weld Detailing Another feature identical to the groove weld applica-
tion is that the length of a fillet weld is dimensioned to
After designating the type of groove weld required the right of the weld symbol.
and determining at which side or sides of the joint the N o dimension to the right of the fillet weld symbol in-
weld will be deposited, other data are necessary-primarily dicates that the fillet weld is to be continuous for the en-
relating to dimensional requirements. Groove weld features tire length of the joint. A specific length of fillet weld is
that need dimensions include the joint configuration, weld denoted by the single dimension to the right of the weld
size, and the extent of welding. symbol. This dimension, however, does not indicate where
Some of the groove weld dimensions are placed the weld is to be placed. Such information must be pro-
within, or slightly outside, the weld symbol. A dimen- vided elsewhere; for example, the tail, the drawing, etc.
sion within the weld symbol indicates the required root (see Figure 6.7).
opening, while a dimension just outside (above or below) A common welding practice is to use intermittent fil- .
the weld symbol refers to the necessary groove angle. let welds instead of a continuous fillet weld to reduce
Another important dimension for the preparation of the distortion and the amount of time required for welding.
groove is the depth of preparation. This dimension is al- The dimensions for intermittent fillet welds are shown as
ways shown to the left of the groove weld symbol. This two numbers separated by a hyphen. The first number is
depth is measured from the base material surface. In each the length of each individual weld segment and the sec-
case, the specified depth of preparation is that dimension ond number refers to the center-to-center spacing of
outside of the parentheses. In general, dimensions to the these weld segments. The spacing from one segment to
left of the weld symbol refer to the weld size required. the next is referred to as the pitch. The pitch is measured
The dimensions (in parentheses) placed to the left of as the center-to-center distance of each adjacent length of
the symbol refer to the groove weld size (or joint pene- fillet weld.
tration) required. For groove welds, absence of dimen- Intermittent fillet welds may be applied to both sides
sions for depth of preparation or weld size implies that of a joint in one of two ways. If the individual segments
the required weld is to have complete joint penetration are directly opposite each other, the application is re-
(see Figures 6.4-6.6). The final piece of dimensional in- ferred to as chain intermittent welding. When the seg-
formation necessary for a groove weld is the required ments on either side of the joint coincide with spaces
length. This detail is always shown on the welding sym- between individual segments on the other side of the
bol to the right of the weld symbol. If no dimension is joint, the application is referred to as staggered intermir-
shown, it is assumed that the specified weld is to be the tent welding. In both types of intermittent welds, the
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
SQUARE SCARF V
- --
BEVEL
GROOVE
U J FLARE-V FLARE-BEVEL
y_ -
.--
-71- '-A--
-- I
FILLET
PLUG
OR STUD
SPOT
OR SEAM
BACK
OR SURFACING
FLANGE
-
-
SLOT 'ROJECTIOP BACKING EDGE CORNER
- h.
U -a-
-v- .--- . W'
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-
(NOTE: THE REFERENCE LINE IS SHOWN DASHED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES.)
pitch distance refers to the center-to-center spacing on ing member. The symbol for both plug and slot welds is
that side of the joint only. The dimensions for either stag- simply a rectangular box.
gered or chain intermittent welding do not indicate where Dimensions for plug welds include plug weld size,
the weld is to begin; such information must be provided depth of filling, pitch distances between adjacent plugs,
elsewhere (see Figure 6.8). and groove angle for tapered plug holes. The plug weld
size dimension appears to the left of the weld symbol and
indicates its diameter. If the hole is intended to be only
partially filled, the required depth of filling is indicated
within the plug weld symbol. Pitch distances are shown
to the right of the plug weld symbol. If the hole is to be
tapered to provide better root access, the angular dimen-
sion appears just outside (above or below) the weld symbol.
In general, the rules for plug welds also apply to the
welding symbols for slot welds. A number to the left of
the slot weld symbol indicates the width of the slot. If the
hole is intended to be only partially filled, the required
depth of filling is indicated within the slot weld symbol.
The number to the right of the symbol specifies its length.
Plug and Slot Weld Detailing If another number appears farther to the right, it indicates
The symbolization of plug and slot welds involves the pitch of the slot welds. A number directly above or
several different features, due to the uniqueness of their below the symbol indicates the countersink, and a num-
configurations. Both welds join overlapping members by ber above that in parenthesis specifies the number of slot
filling a hole in the top member to connect it to the back- welds (see Figure 6.9).
75
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
1I4 (318)
' 318
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
2 (2-118)
2 (2-1/8)
25"
A 6oo 4 60"
such as backgouging, may be required before application surfacing treatment. The surfacing symbol appears only
of a back weld and after the deposition of a backing weld. as an arrow side weld (see Figure 6.12).
There are two ways to describe the sequencing of these
welds. They can be differentiated by using a symbol with Stud Weld Detailing
a note in the tail or by using multiple reference lines to The stud weld symbol appears as a circle with an en-
show a sequence of operations (see Figure 6.11). closed "X' and is only shown as an arrow side weld. A
dimension to the left of the stud weld symbol refers to its
Surfacing Weld Detailing
required size. The number of studs required can be indi-
The detailing of surface welds is quite simple-the cated by a number enclosed in parentheses just below the
primary information required is the thickness of the sur- stud weld symbol. To indicate the spacing of adjacent
facing and the weld filler metal. The welding symbol studs, a number can be placed to the right of the stud weld
must then indicate the region of the part requiring the symbol (see Figure 6.13).
77
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CHAPTER GWELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
-5116
-
I Y I U L r l n
I
II I -iM
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
(D) SIZE OF UNEQUAL LEG FILLET WELD
I
WELD SYMBOL
78
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~ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~
WELDS SYMBOL
WELDS SYMBOL
3-1O
3-10
WELDS SYMBOL
79
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
IpGq-r
I
I
I
I
I
0 1/2 +I
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
(A) WELD SIZE
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I
I
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
I / T
<T
112
I
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
I IA
*c 1
SYMBOL
(D) PITCH AND NUMBER
WELDS (7 REQUIRED)
SECTION A A -
u SYMBOL
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
0.25
SECTION A A-
WELD CROSS SECTION (A) WELD SIZE SYMBOL
y G B W
SECTION A - A
SECTION A - A
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
I-- I
SECTION A -
A-
SECTION A A -
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
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(B) APPLICATION OF BACKING WELD SYMBOL
BACKING WELD
1 / 8 4 IC-
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
83
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
SECTION A - A
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
1 3 A4 SECTION A - A
-2-4 ---+-2+1
REDUCE ROOT
+ + 1/8 MIN OPENING TO
3 16 MAX 118 MIN, 3/16 MAX
I J
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
84
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~~ ~~~~ ~
-
314 314 . 314
- - _-
I\
WELDS SYMBOL
J8---- 6Q4=24
4
"i
t o o o o o o o L3t4
8
I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYMBOL
BACKING CONTOUR
MELT >ONSUMABLI
WELD-ALL FIELD WELD OR
THROUGH INSERT FLUSH
AROUND SPACER CONVEX >ONCAVE
(SQUARE) (RECTANGLE) OR FLAT
P- P F1
P
Figure 6.14-Supplementary Symbols
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
SYMBOL
WELDS
n
SYMBOL
u WELDS
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WELDS SYMBOL
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
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WELD CROSS SECTION
4 SYMBOL
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
r300-7 I
f
1 7J-j
F L
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
\- 20"- 1 20"
\
1I2
1-114
12
89
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
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C
x7
REINFORCEMENT REMOVED
BY CHIPPING
G
n
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
3rd OPERATION
GTAW-AU
2nd OPERATION
WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESS SPECIFICATION
1st OPERATION
1st
2nd
REFERENCES
OF OPERATIONS)
3rd
Figure 6.21-Siipplementary Data 1//
Shown in the Tail of
the Welding Symbol Figure 6.22-Multiple Reference Lines
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
CL - CLEARANCE
L - LENGTH OF OVERLAP
S - FILLET SIZE
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l
I
CL it) \
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__ ~~ ~ ~
~- ~ -~~~
~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ _
NUMBER OF EXAMINATIONS 7
REFERENCE LINE LENGTH OF SECTION
TO BE EXAMINED
SPECIFICATION OR
OTHER REFERENCE
EXAMINE-ALL-
EXAMINATION METHOD
LETTER DESIGNATIONS [ARROW
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
a. b. C. d.
a. flare-V-groove
b. flare-bevel-groove
c. edge-flange
d. corner-flange
e. none of the above
94
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
a. groove angle
b. root face
c. depth of preparation
d. weld size
e. root opening
a. weld size
b. effective throat
c. depth of preparation
d. root opening
e. none of the above
Q6-9 If applied to a 1 in. thick weld, the symbol below represents what type of weld?
5/16 (1/2)
Q6-10 Dimensions appearing to the left of the weld symbol generally refer to the:
a. weld length
b. weld size/depth of preparation
c. root opening
d. radius
e. none of the above
95
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
46-13 Dimensions appearing to the right of the weld symbol generally refer to the:
a. weld size
b. root opening
c. depth of preparation
d. weld lengtwpitch
e. none of the above
Q6-16 A number appearing to the right of the spot weld symbol refers to:
a. spot weld size
b. spot weld length
c. number of spots required
d. pitch distance between adjacent spots
e. none of the above --```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Q6-17 In the symbol below, the symbol shown on the other side represents:
J
a. back weld
b. backing weld
c. melt-through weld
d. both a and b above
e. both b and c above
96
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
46-18 The symbol below shows the use of what type of weld?
--```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
a. single-bevel-groove weld
b. single-V-groove weld
c. backing weld
d. back weld
e. b and c above
a. square groove
b. skewed groove
c. sloped groove
d. scarf
e. none of the above
Q6-20 The part of the welding symbol which can be used to convey any additional information which cannot be shown
otherwise is referred to as:
a. the weld symbol
b. the arrow
c. the reference line
d. the tail
e. none of the above
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
PT
--```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Q6-25 Which of the symbols represents the weld shown below?
a. b. C. d.
98
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CHAPTER 6-WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
P-e-
cncn
a. b. C. d.
I
a. b. C. d.
--```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
a. b. C. d.
99
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
a. b. C. d.
a. b. c. d.
--```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A-
a. b.
& c.
d.
1O0
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
a. b. C. d.
101 --```,`,`,`,,``,`,`,``,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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CHAPTER &WELDING AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SYMBOLS
1/2 (9116)
FIGURE 3
106
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