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3. SUBSTATION AUTOMATION OPERATOR SOFTWARE

The Substation Automation concept integrates various power system Intelligent Electronic
Devices (IEDs), local/remote Human Machine Interfaces (HMI), remote SCADA
communications, and virtually any other component into a single coordinated
environment. Device-level, substation-level as well as enterprise-level integration
provides seamless access to monitoring and control functions for a system to operate
efficiently and productively. Different departments such as engineering, operations, and
maintenance can all gain access to the information that is required for their functions with
adequate security so as not to jeopardize the integrity of the system. Overall system
flexibility, usability, and security establish an easy-to-use, expandable system that will
provide a foundation for future growth and maintainability.

3.1 OPERATING SYSTEM

The substation host computer operates using the Windows NT operating system. All
programs and functions adhere to the look, feel, and operation of the system. Windows
NT has demonstrated itself to be a stable software platform and has a clear growth path for
the future. Based on this open platform, numerous off the shelf software applications such
as spreadsheets, databases, and communications packages are easily integrated into the
system. No modifications or additions are made to the operating system.

3.2 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)

The Human Machine Interface (HMI) – typically based on WONDERWARE HMI
software, provides a graphical user interface between users and the automation system as
well as data logging, alarming, reporting, trending, and control functions for the system.
Configuration of the HMI can be performed either offline or dynamically online (including
remote upgrade). Standard display formats are used so that a common look and feel will
result regardless of the IED integrated into the system. Note that customization of screens
to meet specific user requirements is easily accommodated with the WONDERWARE
HMI. Some of the “standard” screens include:

1. Logon Window
2. Main Menu
3. Substation One-Line Diagram
4. Annunciator
5. Alarm History
6. Standard device control and display “Wizards”
7. System Architecture diagram
8. On-line System Documentation

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Basic control of the system is effected through the use of “check before operate” command
sequences as implemented through the HMI. Automatic control of various aspects of the
system can be effected through the use of “scripts” – software commands that can take
action based on the state of other measured variables. For example, if a measured
temperature on a transformer was above a user defined threshold, a “script” could be
executed to turn on the cooling fans on the transformer and/or issue an over-temperature
alarm. See section 3.6 for screen examples.

3.3 IED DRIVER SOFTWARE

Substation Automation supports three primary IED driver / physical interface options,
namely:

 MMS over TCP/IP or ISO over Ethernet

 Modbus (either on RS-232/485 or on TCP/IP over Ethernet)

MMS is the foundational language of the Electric Power Research’s Utility

Communication Architecture (UCA). MMS provides a common set of services among
devices of different manufacturers all connected on a common LAN. In addition to a
common language, MMS provides a self description mechanism that allows a remote
host / client to query the IED and request a description of all variables defined in the IED.
Many of the common variable names have been compiled in a common data dictionary
known as the Generic Object Model for Substation and Field Equipment (GOMSFE).
Standard variable (or object) names allow for the creation of standard object viewers and
standard SCADA point definitions. MMS will be used to communicate with the Universal
Relays.

In the future, MMS could be used to interface the substation LAN with Utility SCADA
and Loadshedding Power Distribution desired SCADA protocol through the GE-Harris
D20.

ModBus and DNP3 is the language spoken by most UR relays. The Modbus driver
provided in this system can communicate with any UR relay that speaks Modbus and
provide pre-configured access to present values, control actions, Sequence of Events, and
Waveform capture. For communicating with those Modbus devices not pre-configured
driver, a “user configurable” Modbus driver is provided.

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Figure 3A: Host Computer Software Architecture

3.4 LOGIC ENGINE

Basic control logic for the system can be implemented through the powerful scripting
language that is part of the Wonderware HMI package and through FlexLogic in the UR
relays. The language allows for mathematical manipulation of data, including a complete
library of mathematical functions, and the ability to test and take action for various
conditions.

3.5 SYSTEM APPLICATION SOFTWARE

3.5.1 MONITORING

Metering/IED Status
Values are continuously polled from the IED and loaded into the dynamic database of the
host computer. The actual values polled are IED specific. Typical polled values include
amps, volts, watts, vars etc. Device status values include processor error, memory,
EEPROM and other detectable hardware errors.

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Figure 3B: UR’s Metering Values Screen

Sequence of Events (SOE)

IED captured events include a broad range of change of state occurrences including
pickup, trips, contact operations, alarms, setting changes, and self-test status for each IED
as available. The events are stored in daily files on the system hard disk with multi-year
storage capability. Events are reportable based on a number of user-definable sort
parameters such as time, date, and device type. The user can create custom defined
queries on the captured events.

Figure 3C: UR’s Events Logging Screen

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Equipment Status/Diagnostics

The Substation Automation maintains a database of the real-time status of each connected
IED (self-test failures, outputs protection off, etc.) as available. These and other system
events are entered in the historical logger. System events include errors from the data
server, user configured alarms, battery, or breaker monitor and program diagnostics.

Data Logging/Archiving
The Substation Automation uses the HMI database for historical data that provides for
easy off-line analysis. Each trend chart can display up to eight variables. User defined
traces can be generated using built-in mathematical functions operating on any
combination of dynamic database variables. Data can be automatically archived on a user-
defined basis and retrieved for future viewing.

Alarm Annunciation
Systems alarms are user definable and automatically logged in the system log file. These
alarms can also be used to light windows in a digital annunciator panel with
acknowledgment capability.

Figure 3D: Example of an Alarm Annunciation Screen

Data Logging
In addition to the standard screens listed above, the Wonderware HMI provides a powerful
data logger that is completely user configurable. Variables such as Volt, Amps, Watts,
Vars, Transformer Temperature, Feeder Loading, etc. can be trended and logged to both
local and remote databases. User defined traces can be generated using built-in

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mathematical functions operating on any combination of dynamic database variables.

Trend times are set by the user and both present and historical data can be viewed.

Oscillography Viewing
The Substation Automation can automatically retrieve oscillography and fault reports
created by the IEDs connected to the system. Data is maintained on the hard disk of the
substation automation system where it can be accessed and viewed locally or remotely.
Oscillography/fault report access of third party IEDs can be accessed using the third party
access software operating in a virtual terminal mode.

The Power Management system optionally proposes implementation of a Universal

COMTRADE viewer program. The viewer would be able to simultaneously open and
display up to 16 COMTRADE files and automatically time-synchronize data from
multiple relays. In this program, the user would be able to add, subtract, multiply, and
divide waveforms and well as operate on waveforms with complex trigonometric
functions. Additionally, the user could perform Fourier analysis of the captured data files
in support of Power Quality analysis.

2.5.3 CONTROL

Supervisory Operation
The system has supervisory control of breaker trip & close, LTC raise & lower,
block/unblock/pause reclosing and capacitor bank switching. Additionally, if suitable
communication is available, supervisory control may be extended to downstream reclosers,
line switches, and capacitor banks.

Custom Solutions
Additional system capabilities are available on a custom system solution basis. Some
typical custom solutions include:

 Input Exclusivity
 Output Interlock Coordination
 Automatic Voltage Regulation (Through Load Tap Changer or Cap. Bank)
 Automatic Multi-line Transfer and Recovery (Automated Substation
Sequencing)
 Automatic Load-shed and Restoration
 Transformer Thermal Curve (Hot Spot) Calculation

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Multi-level Security Access

Each function available from host computer can be protected with various levels of
security. Typical levels include view, set, control, and master/administrative. Only those
function for which the user has a predetermined access right will be displayed. All
security access is logged into a report listing the users that have accessed the host
computer.

3.5.3 ANALYSIS

System performance evaluation

The host can provide its own health report which includes average CPU utilization, disk
space availability and communication error rate. In particular if any of these categories
exceed user-defined thresholds, a system health check alarm can be issued.

Historical Data Storage

The host creates and archives multiple historical data based on selections of the various
present value captured in the present value polls. The user can select the variables to
capture, capture times, and archiving interval. Historical data can be recalled for viewing
locally or remotely.

3.6 ENTERPRISE DATA REPOSITORY (Optional)

The WONDERWARE software provides an option to automatically perform data

archiving functions at both a local and remote level. This section describes the options and
capabilities available.

Local Repository - On-Line Database

The Wonderware HMI utilizes two different on-line databases: one for configuration data,
and one for run-time data values.

The configuration database is manipulated through the extensive use of user-friendly

dialog boxes with easy-to-use navigation and editing features built into the interface. Two
update mechanisms are provided for updating the run-time configuration of the
WONDERWARE system: batch update and dynamic update. Batch update requires that
the run-time WONDERWARE project be stopped in order to update the configuration all
at one time.

Dynamic update will allow updates to the run-time configuration to occur on a

transactional basis. Dynamic configuration changes are made immediately to the run-time

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system as soon as the configuration change is confirmed. Configuration changes to

WONDERWARE may be made locally or remotely through the inherent capability of
Windows NT shared drives.

The run-time value database is a memory resident database of active values that may be
accessed for graphical screens or external data requests. WONDERWARE is based upon a
client-server architecture design and as such, the server side of the WONDERWARE
product can be used at the substation host computer to gather data, log data, and serve
requests for data, without the need for the client graphical interface to be present. As such,
WONDERWARE HMI will be provided at the substations that require local repository
capability. The graphical client screens will be offered as an option.

Historical Information Subsystem (HIS)

An ODBC interface is used by WONDERWARE when logging data to an historical
database. Databases supported include Microsoft Access Database Files, Microsoft SQL
Server database, and Oracle database.

Possible information that can be logged directly includes alarms, events, and point data.
Additional capability is available through the application of WONDERWARE’s Basic
Control Engine (BCE) which provides a Visual Basic for Applications based programming
extension to both the server and client sides of WONDERWARE. Through the BCE,
additional data logging capabilities can be implemented for applications such as incident
processing. The BCE allows a great deal of flexibility and capability in providing support
for functions that may not be an inherent feature of the base WONDERWARE package.

Remote Corporate Repository

A WONDERWARE enterprise server can be provided to support the concept of a
corporate data repository. This server will communicate with the individual substation
WONDERWARE systems and gather run-time value data on an exception or periodic
basis. These run-time values can be made available to the corporate WAN users through
two mechanisms: WebGateway, and ODBC database.

WONDERWARE provides the ability to serve HTML-based WEB pages for viewing with
Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator. The web document uses standard HTML
format containing textual WONDERWARE data values as well as bitmap or ActiveX
graphics. The WebGateway interface can be provided as a “view-only” interface thus
offering widespread access to substation information without compromising operational
security.

The WONDERWARE enterprise server can also perform historical data logging (similar
to the local substation computers) to populate an ODBC compliant database with values
for subsequent retrieval and analysis.

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These two approaches to supporting the corporate repository concept allows for both an
isolated data server layer (thus eliminating the need for general users to access the
substation computer system directly) as well as a scaleable solution for expanding the
system as the need arises.

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