Concordia University

Department of Mechanical, lndustrial and Aerospace Engineering

Midterm
MECH 461 - 6111 / Gas Dynamics

Date: July 28th, 2021

lnstructions: Students have 2 hours to complete this exam, then
scan and submit their solutions on MOODLE.
Sfafe all your assumptions for every problem

1. A rocket nozzle has an exiUthroat ratio of 3. The combustion gas mixture, at 20bar and
2500K, is expanded through a converging-diverging nozzle to a back pressure of 1 bar.
The molecular weight of the gas mixture is 33.5 kglkmol and y = 1.2.

a) Calculate the resulting momentum thrust produced per unit area. [61
b) By how much does the thrust change if the back pressure is increased to 2 bar? [6]

[Use: Thrust = hV" in your calculations]

2. A uniform air stream Mt =2, at Pr=800 kPa and TeZ7OK, expands through two convex
corners of 10" each, as shown in Figure 1. Determine the Mach numbers Mz and Ms and
the pressures and temperatures (static and total), after each expansion. [6]

M2 P2 T2

Figure 1.

BOAIUS: Find the angle Ct, of the second expansion fan. [5]

Summer ?OZt 6os Dynomics Dr. P.Q. Gouthier

 3. Calculate the mass flow rates when air, at 40"C and 145 kPa, is fed through a
converging nozzle for the following back pressures: [6]

a) 101 kPa
b) 50 kPa
c) 37.2 kPa

4. A Converging-Diverging Nozzle has an area ratio of A"/A1, =3. The pressure at the inlet
is Por = 800kPa and the back pressure is Po = 350 kPa.

a) Show that there must be a shock in the Diverging portion of the nozzle [31
b) Compute the Mach number at the exit [51
c) Compute the shock location (area) and the Mach number before the shock [4]

5. An oblique shock in air results in an entropy rise of 1 1.5 Jikg-K. lf the shock angle is
25", determine the Mach number ahead of the shock and the change in flow direction
angle. [4]

6. Given that the conditions at the exit plane of a duct, shown in Figure 2, are Me = 1 .9,
Pe = '193 kPa and T" = 278 K,

a) Determine the Mach number, as well as the Total and Static Temperatures and
Pressures past the exit [6]
b) Calculate the change in flow direction and make a sketch showing the flow directions
and wave angles etc. [41

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Figure 2.

Summer 2021 6os Dynomics Dr. P.Q.Gouthier

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