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" A gas turbine operating on the steam-injected cycle has a compressor inlet pressure of 101.3 kPa, a temperature of 293 K, a
compressor exit and turbine inlet pressure of 1013 kPa, a turbine inlet temperature of 1300 K, a power turbine exit pressure of
101.3 kPa, a compressor efficiency of 87% and a gas generator and power turbine each with an efficiency of 89%. The fuel,
supplied as a liquid at 298 K, is n-octane, C8H18 . Steam at a pressure of 1378.2 kPa and 653 K and equal to 2% of the
compressor discharge flow is injected into the combustion chamber. If air enters the compressor at a rate of 1 kg/s, calculate,
assuming the products leaving the combustion chamber are dry air and water vapor but taking into account the mass of fuel
added
a) The fuel-air ratio, kg fuel/kg air
b) The pressure at the exit from the gas generator exit
c) The cycle thermal efficiency
d) The net power, in kW, developed by the power turbine
e) The heat rate, kJ/kWh, based on the lower heating value
"

" Compressor Inlet "

P1=101.3
T1=293
h1=-9.24
Pr1=1.279
"compressor Exit "
P2=1013
Pr2=Pr1*P2/P1
h2i=262.9 "Table Appendeix B of Fundamentals of Gas Turbine "
T2i=560
"Turbine Inlet"
T3=1300
P3=P2
h3=1093.4
"Power Tubine Exit"
P5=101.3

"compressor Efficencey"
Comp_EFF=0.87

"Turbine Efficencey"
Turb_EFF=0.89

"Fuel n-octane "

Tf=298

"Injected steam"
P_steam=1378.2
T_steam=653
m_steam=0.02*m_air
m_air=1

Wci=h2i-h1 " Ideal compressor work"

Wca=wci/Comp_EFF
h2a=h1+Wca
T2a=598.83

" C8H18 +x(DA) +(28.96)(X)(0.025)H2O -----------8co2 + (9+0.040X)H20+ X(DA) -12.5 O2 "

H_R=H_P
H_R=((-249957)+(x*303.56*28.965)+(0.04*(-229489)*x))
H_P=((-343611.88*8)+((9+(0.04*x))*(-202875.6))+(28.965*x*1093.4)-(33347*12.5))

"fuel air ratio (FAR)"

FA_ratio=114.233/(x*28.965)

Wca=(1.0225*(1093.4-(T4a)) -((0.025/18)*(-202875.6 -(4.18*T4a))))

" for isentropic expansion on the gas-generator tubine "

P4a=(Pr4/Pr3*P3)
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Pr3=331.4
Pr4=149.1
h4a=824.3
"for isentropic expansion on the power turbine"
T5s=T4a*(P5/P4a)^(1-(1/1.4))
h5s=405.7 " from Table "
W_PT=0.89*(1.0225*(h4a-h5s) +((0.025/18)*(-228574.5+202875.6)))
Cycle_efficencey=W_PT/(FA_ratio*44422)
Heat_Rate=(FA_ratio*44422*3600*m_air)/W_PT
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A gas turbine operating on the steam-injected cycle has a compressor inlet pressure of 101.3 kPa, a temperature
of 293 K, a compressor exit and turbine inlet pressure of 1013 kPa, a turbine inlet temperature of 1300 K, a power turbine exit
pressure of 101.3 kPa, a compressor efficiency of 87% and a gas generator and power turbine each with an efficiency of 89%.
The fuel, supplied as a liquid at 298 K, is n-octane, C8H18 . Steam at a pressure of 1378.2 kPa and 653 K and equal to 2%
of the compressor discharge flow is injected into the combustion chamber. If air enters the compressor at a rate of 1 kg/s,
calculate, assuming the products leaving the combustion chamber are dry air and water vapor but taking into account the mass
of fuel added
a) The fuel-air ratio, kg fuel/kg air
b) The pressure at the exit from the gas generator exit
c) The cycle thermal efficiency
d) The net power, in kW, developed by the power turbine
e) The heat rate, kJ/kWh, based on the lower heating value

Compressor Inlet

P1 = 101.3

T1 = 293

h1 = – 9.24

Pr1 = 1.279

compressor Exit

P2 = 1013

P2
Pr2 = Pr1 ·
P1

h2i = 262.9 Table Appendeix B of Fundamentals of Gas Turbine

T2i = 560

Turbine Inlet

T3 = 1300

P3 = P2

h3 = 1093.4

Power Tubine Exit

P5 = 101.3

compressor Efficencey

Comp EFF = 0.87

Turbine Efficencey

Turb EFF = 0.89

Fuel n-octane
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Tf = 298

Injected steam

P steam = 1378.2

T steam = 653

m steam = 0.02 · m air

m air = 1

Wci = h2i – h1 Ideal compressor work

Wci
Wca =
Comp EFF

h2a = h1 + Wca

T2a = 598.83

C8H18 +x(DA) +(28.96)(X)(0.025)H2O -----------8co2 + (9+0.040X)H20+ X(DA) -12.5 O2

HR = HP

H R = – 249957 + x · 303.56 · 28.965 + 0.04 · – 229489 · x

H P = – 343611.88 · 8 + 9 + 0.04 · x · – 202875.6 + 28.965 · x · 1093.4 – 33347 · 12.5

fuel air ratio (FAR)

114.233
FA ratio =
x · 28.965

0.025
Wca = 1.0225 · 1093.4 – T4a – · – 202875.6 – 4.18 · T4a
18

for isentropic expansion on the gas-generator tubine

Pr4
P4a = · P3
Pr3

Pr3 = 331.4

Pr4 = 149.1

h4a = 824.3

for isentropic expansion on the power turbine

1
1 –
P5 1.4
T5s = T4a ·
P4a
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h5s = 405.7 from Table

0.025
W PT = 0.89 · 1.0225 · h4a – h5s + · – 228574.5 + 202875.6
18

W PT
Cycle efficencey =
FA ratio · 44422

FA ratio · 44422 · 3600 · m air

Heat Rate =
W PT
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SOLUTION
Unit Settings: SI K kPa kJ mass deg
CompEFF = 0.87 Cycleefficencey = 0.3947 FAratio = 0.01991
h1 = -9.24 h2a = 303.6 h2i = 262.9
h3 = 1093 h4a = 824.3 h5s = 405.7
HeatRate = 9120 HP = -326590 HR = -326590
mair = 1 msteam = 0.02 P1 = 101.3
P2 = 1013 P3 = 1013 P4a = 455.8
P5 = 101.3 Pr1 = 1.279 Pr2 = 12.79
Pr3 = 331.4 Pr4 = 149.1 Psteam = 1378
T1 = 293 T2a = 598.8 T2i = 560
T3 = 1300 T4a = 1069 T5s = 695.7
Tf = 298 TurbEFF = 0.89 Tsteam = 653
Wca = 312.8 Wci = 272.1 W PT = 349.2
x = 198

No unit problems were detected.

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There are a total of 37 equations.

Block Rel. Res. Abs. Res. Units Calls Time(ms) Equations
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 P1=101.3
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 T1=293
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 h1=-9.24
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Pr1=1.279
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 P2=1013
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 h2i=262.9
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 T2i=560
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 T3=1300
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 h3=1093.4
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 P5=101.3
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Comp_EFF=0.87
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Turb_EFF=0.89
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Tf=298
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 P_steam=1378.2
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 T_steam=653
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 m_air=1
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 T2a=598.83
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Pr3=331.4
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 Pr4=149.1
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 h4a=824.3
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 0 0 h5s=405.7
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 Pr2=Pr1*P2/P1
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 P3=P2
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 Wci=h2i-h1
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 Wca=wci/Comp_EFF
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 h2a=h1+Wca
0 8.873E-20 -2.776E-17 OK 4 0 Wca=(1.0225*(1093.4-(T4a))-((0.025/18)*(-202875.6-(4.18*T4a))))
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 W_PT=0.89*(1.0225*(h4a-h5s)+((0.025/18)*(-228574.5+202875.6)))
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 m_steam=0.02*m_air
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 P4a=(Pr4/Pr3*P3)
0 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 T5s=T4a*(P5/P4a)^(1-(1/1.4))
1 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 OK 4 0 H_R=H_P
1 3.177E-10 1.037E-04 OK 4 0 H_R=((-249957)+(x*303.56*28.965)+(0.04*(-229489)*x))
1 2.019E-08 6.595E-03 OK 4 0 H_P=((-343611.88*8)+((9+(0.04*x))*(-202875.6))+(28.965*x*1093.4)-(33347*12
2 4.315E-14 -4.929E-12 OK 3 0 FA_ratio=114.233/(x*28.965)
3 3.577E-15 -1.249E-12 OK 3 0 Cycle_efficencey=W_PT/(FA_ratio*44422)
4 4.327E-11 1.378E-04 OK 3 0 Heat_Rate=(FA_ratio*44422*3600*m_air)/W_PT