UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION

I. VOCABULARY.

1. population (n): number of people living in a country dân số

 populate (v): cư trú

 populous (a): đông dân

 overpopulated (a): quá tải dân số

 overpopulation (n): sự quá tải dân số

 population explosion (n): sự bùng nổ dân số

 population growth (n) = population development sự tăng trưởng dân số

2. explosion (n): sự bùng nổ

 explode (v): bùng nổ

 explosive (a): dễ nổ

 explosive (n): chất gây nổ

3. B.C = before Christ: trước Công nguyên

A.D = Anno Domini: sau Công nguyên

4. figure (n) = number: con số

 figure (v): calculate tính toán

5. support (v) = provide, supply ủng hộ, cung cấp

  supporter (n) người ủng hộ

6. limit (v) = restrict giới hạn

 limitation (n) + on s.th sự hạn chế

 limited (a): bị hạn chế

 limiting (a): hạn chế

 limitless (a) = infinite: vô hạn

7. Third World: undeveloped and poor country (such as Laos, Cameron, Kenya…)

8. method (n): way of doing St: phương pháp, cách thức

 methodical (a) có thứ tự, ngăn nắp

 methodically (adv.)

 methodize (v) sắp xếp có trật tự

 birth-control method phương pháp hạn chế sinh đẻ

9. It’s time + S + V2/V-ed/ were

Ex: It’s time the government did something to help them

10. implement (n) =tool, means dụng cụ

  implement (v) = carry out tiến hành

11. insurance (n) + against s.th: safe way sự bảo hiểm

12. policy (n) +on s.th chính sách

13. punishment (n) + for s.th sự trừng phạt

 punish (v) trừng phạt

 punishable (a): có thể bị trừng phạt

 punishing (a): kiệt sức, nghiêm trọng

 punishingly (adv.)

14. reward (n) + for s.th / for doing s.th phần thưởng

 reward (v): trao thưởng

 rewarding (a): đáng (để làm)

15. unevenly (adv.)

 uneven (a): not equal không phẳng

16. continent (n) lục địa

 continental (a) thuộc lục địa

17. fluctuate (v) dao động (lên xuống) ; thay đổi

 fluctuation (n) sự dao động

18. have s.th in common (with s.b /s.th) có điểm chung

 common (a) general/ popular chung/phổ biến

19. interfere with (v) quấy rối

 interfere in (v): can thiệp, quấy rầy

Ex: He mustn’t interfere with her work.

20. Available (adj) sẵn có

PRACTICE

Task 1: Use the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. The rapid growth of population led to an acute (short) _shortage_________ of housing.

2. Better health care and agriculture have led to rapid population (grow) _growth_________.

3. Her first novel has been (nation) _internationally_________ acclaimed as a masterpiece

4. The second solution is to provide safe, (expense) _inexpensive_______ birth-control methods.

5. The number of winner is (limit) _limited_________.

6. They got back (safe) _safe_________ from a spatial exploration.

7. Thanks to medical improvements, the (die) _death_________ rate in Newtown has recently
decreased.

8. It is only (advise) __________ to do what is allowed by the law.

9. The (implement) ____implement______ of an agreement requires participation of all parties.

10. Traveling by airplane for the first time was a (memory) _memorable_________ experience.
Task 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence.

1. Nigeria has a population __________ nearly 100 million.

A. about B. in C. of D. with

2. The population of the world is growing at a dangerous __________.

A. amount B. rate C. figure D. way

3.Our school has managed to collect a lot of books to __________ to the children in a village school.

A. publish B. employ C. distribute D. depart

4. The world’s population was __________ to be over 7 billion by 2010.

A. claimed B. blamed C. expected D. reached

5. China is one of the most __________ populated areas in the world.

A. wastefully B. perfectly C. densely D. completely

6. A young adult’s choices for a birth control __________ might be different from that of a
woman who is older or who is married.

A. technique B. method C. way D. skill

7. The __________ of time spent on daily homework should be at least 3 hours.

A. number B. figure C. quality D. amount

8. Population education program is one of many activities _________ by National Institute of Health.

A. taken place B. carried out C. occurred D. happened

9. Some countries are poor because they have natural __________.

A. little/ resource B. few/ resource C. little/ resources D. few/ resources

10. I bought three books. Here are two, but where is __________ one?

A. the other B. another C. others D. each other

11. After a long __________, the mute finally managed to utter a word.

A. conversation B. talk C. resistance D. struggle

12. Do you think you have enough __________ to make two dresses?

A. substance B. chemistry C. material D. thing

Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.

13. It’s obviously high time (A) countries all over (B) the world discuss (C) the problem of
population explosion(D).

14. After driving (A) for twenty miles, he suddenly realized (B) that he has been driving (C) in the
wrong direction (D).

15. If it had not (A) been rained (B) so hard (C), we would have (D) dined out.
II. LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. PHONETICS

Task 1: Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of

the other words.

1. A. please B. increase C. reach D. instead

2. A. available B. land C. family D. plan

3. A. double B. enough C. doubt D. touch

4. A. create B. creature C. creative D.creation

5. A. decreased B. used C. reached D. developed

 Task 2: Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.

6. A. ‘woman B. ‘million C. e’nough D. ‘limit

7. A. a’vailable B. popu’lation C. de’veloping D. com’munity
8. A. enter’tain B. ‘government C. ‘motorbike D. ‘happiness
9. A. re’source B. ‘visit C. in’crease D. control
10. A. a’pply B. ig’nore C. pre’fer D. ‘Comfort

B. GRAMMAR (CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH)

Task 1: Write the following sentences in conditional sentences or reported speech.

1. I don’t ride the bus to school every morning because it’s always so crowded.

 If it was not always so crowded, I would ride the bus to school every morning.

2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

 If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson

3. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.

 If Carol had not been studying, she would have answered the phone

4. I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems yesterday.

 If you had not talked to me about my problems yesterday, I would not feel better
now

5. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.

 If Rita had got some sleep last night, she would not been exhausted today
6. I didn’t prepare for today’s lesson, so it is difficult for me to understand the teacher’s explanation.

 If I had prepared for today’s lesson, it would not been difficult for me to
understand the teacher’s explanation.

7. Heinrich regret not having gone to art school when he was younger.

 Heinrich wishes he had gone to art school when he was younger

8. I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have taken longer.

 Had I not used my calculator, I would have taken longer

9. If I weren’t in my 70s and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.

 Were I not in my 70s and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.

10. Return the product to the shop if you have any complaints about it .

 Should you have any complaints about it, return the product to the shop

11. “If the door is locked, what shall I do?” She asked

 she asked me what she would do if the door was locked

12. “If we had a calculator, we could work this out a lot quicker.” They said

 they said that if they had a calculator, they could work this out a lot quicker.

13. “If I don’t practice my English harder, I won’t get any better.” She said

 she said that if she didn’t practice her English harder, she wouldn’t get any better

14. “If I’d had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you.” He said
  He said that if he’d had my mobile yesterday, he could have contacted me

15. But for water, we couldn’t grow anything.

 If it weren’t for water, we couldn’t grow anything

16. These students won’t go to school on time without taking a bus.

 Unless these students take a bus, they won’t go to school on time

17. I can’t join in your trip as I promised because I have to finish my report on books.

 If I didn’t have to finish my report on books, I could join in your trip as I promised

18. We haven’t got any tools with us, so we may not be able to repair the car.

 If we had got some tools with us, we might have been able to repair the car

19. Why didn’t you phone? I didn’t know you were coming, so I couldn’t meet you at the airport.

 If

20. Without his advice, I couldn’t have got that well-paid job.

 If it hadn’t been for his advice, I couldn’t have got that well-paid job

Task 2: Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for the following sentences

1. If the North Sea ________ in winter, you could walk from London to Oslo.
A. happened to freeze B. froze C. should freeze D. should happen to freeze

2. it would have been a much more serious accident ________ fast at the time.
 A. was she driving B. she had driven C. had she been driving D. if she drove

3. If you ________ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess now.

A. listen B. will listen C. Listened D. had listened

4. ________ how difficult the job was, I mightn’t have taken it.

A.If I know B. If I would know C. Did I know D. Had I known

5. ________ in my seventies and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.

A. Were I not B. Was I not C. Weren’t I D. If I am not

6. Some scientists say that there are enough resources to ________ 8 billion people.
A. provide B. distribute C. Raise D. support

7. ________ more information, please telephone our main office.

A. If you will need B. Should you need C. You should need D. If you needed

8. It’s time governments ________ something to limit population growth.

A. do B. did C. have done D. will do

9. John said if he ________ any money, he ________ me a drink.

A. has/ will buy B. had/ would have bought
C. had had/ would buy D. had had/ would have bought

10. If someone offered to buy you one of those cars, which one ________?
A. you would choose B. will you choose C. would you choose D. you will choose

11. They are not ________ in the VIP room.

A. allowed to smoke B. permitted smoking C. able to smoke D. capable of smoking
12. If you saw a lawyer, he'd advise you ________ legal action.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. for taking

13. Hardly ________ to the bus-stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. did they get B. they had got C. they got D. had they got

14. By the time you return here next week, we ________ the project.
A. will have finished B. has finished C. will finish D. will be finishing

15. If the police ________ me, I ________ you in time.

A. did not stop/ will reach B. won’t stop/ will reach
C. doesn’t stop/ reach D. hadn’t stopped/ would have reached

16. There are a lot of reading material on birth control methods available ________ people who are
concerned about this issue.

A. for B. to C. of D. on

17. We are always ________ to our teachers for their precious help.

A. respectful B. grateful C. considerate D. admirable

18. Most of the students felt that ________ respect in classroom was essential for effective learning
to take place.

A. mutual B. considerable C. deep D. grudging

19. The fire engines were prevented ________ to help because many of the roads ________ open.

A. from going/ had cracked B. for going/ cracking

C. to go/ were cracking D. them going/ cracking
20. The Second World War greatly increased the demand for ________ cooperation in science, and
not only among military allies.

A. global wide B. local C. domestic D. international

Task 3: Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1. Just when he arrived at the station, the train started to move.

->Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train started to move

2. I am sorry that I didn’t invite her to my party last night.

->I regret not inviting her to my party last night

3. Mike’s father is going to fix the ball for him next week.

-> Mike is going to have the ball fixed by his father next week
-> Mike is going to have his father fix the ball next week

4. most embarrassing / experience/ I / have/ happen/ two years/ ago (complete the sentence)

-> The most embarrassing experience I have ever had happened 2 years ago

5. “Did you see that film on television on Saturday?” Susan asked me (seen)

-> Susan asked me if I had seen that film on television on Saturday

6. Barbara couldn’t sing or dance. (unable)

-> Barbara is unable to sing and dance

7. The police arrived too late, so the robber escaped.

 ->By the time the police arrived, the robber had escaped
8. It’s not use arguing. I’ve made up my mind (point)

-> There is no point in arguing, I’ve made up my mind

9. Is there any likelihood of their passing the exams? (likely)

-> Are they likely to pass the exams?

10. He got angry because we all disagreed with him. (temper)

-> He lost his temper because we all disagreed with him

III: READING COMPREHENSION

Task 1: Choose the best answers for the following questions.

Elderly people all over the world are coming out of retirement to earn enough to feed
themselves and their families. In the developing countries, the elderly were once protected, and
highly regarded as a source of wisdom and folklore; in the highly developed West, those who had
worked all their lives used to feel they had at least earned the right to a pension and a comfortable
old age. All this is changing, a wars, disasters, and disease hit the Third World, and Western
governments reduce social security budgets.

In African countries like Kenya and Uganda, young people have moved to towns in large numbers,
looking for work, and leaving their grandparents isolated in rural areas. The stresses and strains of
modern life are threatening the time-honored tradition of financial support for elderly family members,
and to make matters worse, there will be a huge increase in the proportion of people over sixty in the
next few years. Many old people no longer feel needed or respected, and may not even be cared for
when they fall ill, as jobs become scarcer ad poverty spreads among the working population. In addition,
there are many families, particularly in East Africa, trying to cope with the aftermath of AIDS, and it often
falls to the grandparents to look after children whose parents have died.

In parts of Eastern Europe, massive political and economic changes in recent years have meant
huge price rises for fuel, rent and food. Some pensioners have had to return to work just to pay their
bills. The hyperinflation caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union has wiped out many people’s
savings, and reduced the standard of living considerably for most pensioners. In Western Europe, the
elderly find it hard to make ends meet on their state pension, and it is new generally accepted that
people will need to make their own pension arrangements in future. From now on, we cannot rely on
the social security system to support us when we are old.

1. Why are the elderly taking new jobs?

A. They need money for necessities

B. They are bored with retirement

C. They want to be able to afford a few luxuries

D. They want to pass on their wisdom to others

2. What was the situation in the past?

A. Old people were expected to work all their lives.

B. Pensions did not allow for a comfortable old age

C. There was a higher regard for folklore

D. The elderly felt they were valued members of society

3. Why are the elderly being neglected in Africa?

A. All traditional customs are being forgotten
B. People are too poor to look after elderly relatives

C. Towns are not suitable places for old people

D. Old people do not give such good advice these days

4. What additional problem is there in East Africa?

A. The elderly may be victims of AIDS

B. Whole families may be eliminated by disease

C. Old people may have to take care of orphans in their family

D. Grandparents many have no one to look after them

5. Why are pensioners in Eastern Europe returning to work? A.

They want to be involved in the political and economic changes B.

They would prefer to pay their bills more promptly

C. Hyperinflation has caused problems in other countries

D. Their savings have all gone

6. What is most likely to happen in future in Western Europe? A.

Governments will raise the social security budget

B. Families will look after their elderly relatives

C. Workers will pay into private pension plans

D. Everybody will economize to make ends meet.

7. What is the general tone of the text?

A. pessimistic B. humorous C. unsympathetic D. hopeful

 Task 2: Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits each of the blank
space below.

Mexico City is growing quickly. In 1970, the city had about 9 million people. Now it has over
17 million. All these people are causing (1) ________ for the city. There are not (2) ________ jobs.
Also, there is' not enough housing. Large families have to live together in small homes. Many homes
do not have water. They also do not have bathrooms or electricity. The Mexican government is (3)
________ about all these problems. It is working hard to make (4) ________ better in the city.

Why is Mexico City growing so (5) ________? Where are all these people coming from? They
are coming to the city from the country. Life is hard on the farms in Mexico. Most people on farms
have to live a very simple life. They have no (6) ________ money for modern things. People think life
in the city must be (7) ________. So they leave their farms and move to Mexico City.

All around the world, large cities have the same problems. One of them is air (8) ________
Mexico City has pad air. It is dirty and unhealthy. Cars are one reason for the dirty air. Many
Mexicans now own their own cars and drive in the city. The factories in the area also cause air
pollution. These factories put a lot of smoke into the air. It is not easy to clean up the air in a large
city. The government has to make new laws, and everyone has to help.

1. A. problems B. matters C. things D. news

2. A. much B. lack C. enough D. many

3. A. worried B. interested C. discussed D. known

4. A. duration B. circle C. live D. life

5. A. normal B. fast C. slow D. average

6. A. bonus B. extra C. added D. given

7. A. bad B. good C. better D. best
8. A. population B. matter C. complaint D. comment