Water Resources System Evaluation: Report

Submitted to: Prof. Kuk-Hyun Keith Ahn

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Kongju National University.

By:
Student ID: A20210176,
Name: Kaggalu Shaista Farheen,
Environmental Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Kongju national university.
 Domestic wastewater treatment using constructed
wetlands: an efficient and alternative way

J.S. Sudarshan1, R. Annadurai1, M. Mukhopadhyay2, P. Chakraborty2, S.

Nithiyanantham3,4

Journal name: Sustainability Water Resources Management.

Objective:

Constructed wetlands have been used widely for the treatment of municipal,
industrial, and agricultural wastewater, as well as for urban storm water. In this
study, Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis were used as vegetation for the
reduction in the contaminant level present in the domestic wastewater using
integrated set-up.

Novelty:

The study using Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis was carried out and the
uptake of nitrate and phosphate is carried out in root, stem, and leaf

Methods:

The study using Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis was carried out in
SRM University near sewage treatment plant-I located at SRM Nagar of Potheri
village in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Baffles were used with holes in them to provide an integrated flow of water, The
set-up was divided into three sections. The media consist of a gravel bed underlain
by an impermeable layer of filters. Bed was filled to height of 7 cm with gravel
of diameter 10–30 mm followed by a 7-cm thick top layer of sand (2 mm
diameter). The portions of the wetland units were filled with sandy clay soil to
support vegetation.
After a period of 24 h, water samples were collected at an interval of 24 h for a
period of 5 day

Results:

The physio-chemical properties of wastewater, such as pH, turbidity, conductivity,

total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen, total inorganic and organic carbon,
BOD, COD, BOD/COD ratio, nitrate and phosphate were analyzed.

The removal efficiency of BOD and COD by T. latifolia was found to be more
efficient than that of P. australis. Phragmites australis BOD removal efficiency
was around 65% and COD was 70%.

The amount of nitrate removal was around 35–45% for both the macrophytes.

Learnings:

1. It was found that T. latifolia as vegetation was slightly more efficient than
that of P. australis. A little difference was found in the removal of
contaminants by the two macrophytes.

2. This technique can be efficiently applied for treating small community

domestic wastewater; thus, the installation, operating and maintenance cost
is very minimal.

3. It can be deduced that maximum uptake is done by root followed by stem

and then leaf.

4. Based on the results, it can be also concluded that because of the presence
of certain symbiotic microorganisms in the root, the uptake is more in that
tissue compared to other tissues, the uptake of the leaves was found to be
least, which can be due to transpiration from the stomata in the leaves.