Water Resources For Consumptive and Non Consumptive Uses

Water Resources Planning
2. Utilization of Water Resources and Management
Water resources for Consumptive and non

consumptive uses
 Consumptive use of water :
 no water is returned to the water source from which it was
withdrawn;
 the water is consumed and
 is not available for use by other water users downstream.
 diminishes the source
 Non-consumptive water use:
 after use, the water is returned to the source for use by
others downstream
 does not diminish the source or impair future water use.
 Possibly it is incorrect to define certain water uses as “consumptive” and

others as “non-consumptive.” All uses are partially consumptive and
partially non-consumptive. How?
 Case Study on Consumptive and non consumptive.
1) Consider a small municipality under a municipal withdrawal permit that
withdraws 1,750,000 lit/day for water supply from the Awash River. It
distributes those 1,750,000 liters to businesses and industry, homes and
apartments, etc. and the water is used in many different ways. Some of it
is used for household use (bathing, cooking, toilets, etc.), some of it is
used in manufacturing process, and, after use some of it is discharged into
the city sewers as waste. The city waste treatment facility collects this
waste (from the businesses and industry, the homes and apartments, etc.),
treats the waste and puts the treated wastewater back into the Awash. For
this example, 1,400,000 liter of wastewater is discharged. Thus, what is
this use of water ? If not purely consumptive or non consumptive, How
much water was consumptive and Non Consumptive?
2. Consider a farmer in the Lower Abay River Basin who

withdraws 700,000 lit/day for irrigation from an Aquifer. He
applies the water to his crop and 140,000 lit/day is not used by
the crop production (evaporation, transpiration and other
biological functions of plant growth) but soaks into the ground.
Over several days, maybe weeks, the water travels downward
into the Aquifer that lies 1 meter below the surface. Thus, what
is this use of water? If not purely consumptive or non consumptive,
How much water was consumptive and Non Consumptive?
The Effect of Consumptive Use
Consider the following simple scenarios
a. If Water User #1 makes non-consumptive use of the water and returns all the water
he has withdrawn, User #2 has used of all the water withdrawn by User #1. If User
#2 again makes non-consumptive use, User #3 downstream can again make use of
all the water. An infinite number of such non-consumptive users can make use of
the water.
b. If User #1 consumes 20 % of the water withdrawn (as happens for the average
municipality), User #2 has use of 80 % of the water withdrawn by User #1. If User
2 consumes 20 % of the water and returns the rest to the water source, User #3 has
64 % of the water withdrawn by User #1. Continuing this logic, a User #10 far
downstream will still have used of about 16 % of the water withdrawn by User #1.
The Effect of Consumptive Use

c. If User #1 consumes 50 % of the water withdrawn and returns 50
% to the water source, User #2 downstream will have use of 50
% of the water withdrawn by User #1. After User #2 consumed
50 %, User #3 downstream will have use of only 25 % of what
User #1 withdrew. User #10 far downstream will have use if less
than 1.0 % of what User #1 withdrew.
d. If User #1 consumes 100 % of the water, everyone downstream

is deprived of use of that water.
Consumptive Use of Surface and Groundwater

By-pass reach: is the reach between the point of
withdrawal and point of discharge.
Non-consumptive Water Use, Surface Water:
 hydroelectric projects(run-off-river projects)
 beautification ponds and fish hatcheries
Non-consumptive Water Use, Groundwater:
 The water must be returned in the same quantity and quality
(excluding temperature change) at a point in close proximity
to the withdrawal wells.
 Activity 2.1: Discuss on the general conclusions of
consumptive and non Consumptive water use take
instance of different water resources projects!
 Activity 2.1: Discuss on the general
conclusions of consumptive and non
Consumptive water use take instance
of different water resources projects!
Single- and Multi- Purpose Water uses

Water resources development requires
 conception,
 planning,
 design,
 construction and
 operation of various facilities for economical
utilization of water by adequate and effective
planning.
Single- and Multi- Purpose Water uses

 Planning is the orderly consideration of various aspects and
processes of water resources engineering from
 original statement of purpose to final decision on the
course of action
 water scientists have to be prepared for complexity and
conflict resolutions.
 “Any one who solves the problems of water deserves not one
Noble prize, but two one for science and other for peace”
JOHN F. Kennedy of USA
 Water resources development projects are usually classified
based on the service they provide as:
 Single-purpose and
 multi-purpose
A single-purpose approach serves:

 only one basic purpose
 do not reflect the realities of poor people’s water use
multiple-purpose approach serves:
 can maximize the healthy benefits and productive
potential of available water supplies–leading to
 increased incomes,
 improved health and
 reduced workloads for women and children.
 more likely to be sustainable, because users benefit
more from them and are more willing and better able
to pay for them.
 Incorporating provision for multiple uses into plans for

meeting the
Millennium Development Goals (MDG),
Poverty Reduction Management (IWRM) and
water efficiency plans and strategies is a start.
 Taking an integrated, multiple-purpose approach to water
development and management is an opportunity to advance
progress on five of the eight Millennium Development Goals
(MDG’s):
Goal 1: to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;
Goal 2: to achieve universal primary education;
Goal 3: to promote gender equality and empower women;
Goal 4: to reduce child mortality, and
Goal 7: to ensure environmental sustainability.
 When communities design their own water systems,

they invariably plan for multiple uses. And,
 when single use, public supply schemes are provided,
they are almost always used for multiple purposes.
 However, because these uses are unplanned and only
rarely acknowledged, they often lead to
health risks for water users,
water shortages at the tail ends of supply
systems,
damage to infrastructure, and
conflicts between users
In essence, a multi-purpose approach serves two or

more purpose and involves
1. Assessing the range of water needs in collaboration
with end users,
2. Examining the water sources available from rainwater
to wastewater to piped systems,
3. Matching water supplies to needs based on the
quantity, quality and reliability required for various
purposes.
Three crucial aspects of a multiple-use approach

that are neglected in traditional approaches to
water supply are:
participation of local communities,
identification of all water needs, and
consideration of the different water sources
available.
 the end result of a multiple-use approach should be

more
economically efficient,
social equitable and
environmentally sustainable.
Activity 2.2: How multiple use of water accommodated in the

following water resources scheme?
Irrigation systems
Domestic water supply systems
Use of other water sources.

 Benefits of a multiple-purpose approach

Reducing poverty and improving livelihoods
Fighting hunger and surviving droughts
Improving health
Improving gender equity
Increasing system sustainability
Compatibility of Different Uses of Water( Allocation)

If the requirements of water for different uses are
compatible with one another, effective use of the water
will be made (Demand allocation).
If we take irrigation, navigation, and water supply all
impose water demands.
Therefore, a project combining these functions must
provide a clear and separate allocation of storage space to
each of these potential functional uses.
Compatibility of Different Uses of Water

Hydropower development
Flood mitigation
The storage for flood mitigation or control can be
obtained by:
• Permanent allocation or
• Seasonal allocation.
Sanitary precautions
Water Supply and Demand Assessment.

In water supply and demand assessment forecasts,
population and water needs are necessary ingredients.
They are important for determining
the location and types of projects that are required,
for establishing the functional characteristics and scale of

project components and estimating their cost, and
projecting the benefits expected after the projects are
placed in operation.
The end!
Many Thanks

Water Resources For Consumptive and Non Consumptive Uses

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Water Resources For Consumptive and Non Consumptive Uses

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Water Resources Planning

2. Utilization of Water Resources and Management

Water resources for Consumptive and non

 Possibly it is incorrect to define certain water uses as “consumptive” and

2. Consider a farmer in the Lower Abay River Basin who

The Effect of Consumptive Use

Consider the following simple scenarios

The Effect of Consumptive Use

d. If User #1 consumes 100 % of the water, everyone downstream

Consumptive Use of Surface and Groundwater

Single- and Multi- Purpose Water uses

Single- and Multi- Purpose Water uses

A single-purpose approach serves:

 Incorporating provision for multiple uses into plans for

 When communities design their own water systems,

In essence, a multi-purpose approach serves two or

Three crucial aspects of a multiple-use approach

 the end result of a multiple-use approach should be

Activity 2.2: How multiple use of water accommodated in the

Use of other water sources.

 Benefits of a multiple-purpose approach

Compatibility of Different Uses of Water( Allocation)

Compatibility of Different Uses of Water

Water Supply and Demand Assessment.

for establishing the functional characteristics and scale of

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