ASSIGNMENT 2

SUBJECT: GCC SOCIETY

NAME: Alan Kulov

Id: 211210083

Infrastructure is one of the important things in the modern world, the set of means that
infrastructure offers, supports the social and economic sectors. Serving a country, city, village or
just a district can be safely called infrastructure. Infrastructure is made of two types, private and
public, and each of them plays an important role in one way or another. For example: railways,
roads, ports, subways, shopping malls, sewers and airports do important work every day to
achieve a common economic and social goal. In general, infrastructure can also be qualified as a
system that simplifies the daily social life of citizens and residents of the country .Infrastructure
in the United Arab Emirates is often a technological vacuum in which everything is collected for
convenience, from traffic lights to terminals at airports and escalators that bring guests from
point A to point B. Infrastructure also contributes to the development of tourism and contributes
to the growth of tourism, which not unimportant for the country. Talking about infrastructure and
its positive effect on society and socially facilitating life, one can cite the example of the
"Garhoud" Bridge, which was built over a canal that every day helps millions of cars cross from
one side to the other. In the course of recent studies, it was found that there are also
disadvantages of the progressive growth of infrastructure in the country in this regard, "Green
infrastructure" began to gain popularity, such examples can easily be solar panels.

Infrastructure between 1969th -1980th.

Since the end of the British occupation of the Arab Emirates, the country has begun to carry out
its strategically important reforms that have contributed to the growth of infrastructure. It is
important to note that the period from 1968-1980 was the most difficult since the country was
being built from scratch. The beginning for the United Arab Emirates came in 1969, when a trial
share of oil was exported from the country. In the same year, he pushed the country to build the
country's first underwater tanker that would store oil reserves, called "Khazzan", 100 meters
high, it could hold 500,000 barrels of oil each, which contributed to a positive increase in the
country's economy, which was so necessary at that time ... The first large open port in the United
Arab Emirates was built in 1972 and was given the proud name "Port Rashid" which was the
first in all its work to represent a springboard for the United Arab Emirates for international
trading! Ten years after its opening, it was Port Rashid that became one of the most important
ports operated around the world and had the honor to win the title of the best port at that time for
its quality of management, technology and reputation. Whatever it was during the same period of
time in the Emirates, at the invitation of Sheikh Rashid, the British scientist Eric Tulloch was
invited to install the first water canals, a man who in the future presented the country with
drinking water by finding clean water channels in Al-Awir. This technology has significantly
raised the country's infrastructure, since citizens no longer worried about boiling water before
drinking or using special disinfecting tablets. 1970 was not just a round date for the country, but
also one of the most crowded, a fast-growing country developed from day to day, so in 1970 it
was established to build the first "roundabout for cars" which was located on Mina road, the
bank street which in the future changed its name on the “computer street”. The roundabout had
the honor to be called "falcon roundabout" where the Dubai Municipal Organization decorated
the roundabout with beautiful flowers and grass. Three years later, the United Arab Emirates
began to absorb more and more of the market, in particular the city of Dubai, with its rapid
economic growth, Dubai Creek became a center for the construction of economic offshore where
many businessmen and investors gathered, thus the world famous brand Sheraton Hotel on Dubai
began its foundation. Creek, at the same time the famous Hilton hotel brand was also built
which brought its zest to the infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates, and also positively
influenced the economic situation in the country, since a significant amount was received from
these hotels at that time, which was then invested step by step in other infrastructures. The social
convenience and positive effect was that initially, for example, the Hilton Hotel was built so that
weddings could be held there, but then it was clear that this hotel could be used directly for
guests from different countries who came to the Arab Emirates on business or just for a
holidays . Thus, these hotels enjoyed great popularity among locals according to the CEO of
Hilton "Adham El Sebaey". In 1977, deeply respected by the people Sheikh Rashid (Governor of
Dubai) launched a project for a new city, airport and water port to be built on JEBEL ALI! Thus,
in the same year, the construction of "Jebel Ali village" began, the main goal of this
infrastructure was to bring the industrial era of manufacturing to the city of Dubai!
Unfortunately, in the future, the Airport was not built, but the port of Rashid was fully designed
and doubled, this infrastructure allowed several times to increase the turnover in the country,
which in turn reduced the cost of goods through world trading, which in one way or another had
a positive effect on the economy in the country. ... The social impact was that this project
increased jobs, which in one way or another had a positive effect on employment in the country
and a decrease in unemployment in the country! Other positive advantages were the increase in
production in the country, more brands began to appear that brought their goods to the United
Arab Emirates. I would like to note the roads that were built before the annexation of cities in the
United Arab Emirates. Despite the fact that construction began in 1960, the infrastructure itself
has made a great contribution to the future development of the country! The road that connected
the city of Sharjah-Dubai. Initially, the agreement on the construction of roads in the country
went to work as one full road that would connect the cities to each other, Saudi Arabia at that
time came to the aid of the brotherly country and offered to finance the roads with the conditions
that the buildings would be made according to Persian standards, which was typical at that
time ... The negotiations dragged on and, as a result, we got two expensive Dubai-Sharjah,
Sharjah - Ras Al Khaimah. As a result, the Council of Treaty States financed the Dubai-Sharjah
road, and Saudi Arabia, Sharjah- Ras Al Khaimah. This project brought its integral contribution
to the development of the economy in the country, since the transportation of goods from ports
within the country accelerated several times, goods were brought quickly, which also influenced
public sentiment. The roads were designed in such a way that citizens and guests of the country
could also move from city to city quickly and safely, without crossing the eternal desert in hot
times. Be that as it may, Roads are an important part of any infrastructure, which is why they
occupy their honorable place. So the road which was called "Road to Hatta" began its
construction in 1970, which in one way or another operated already in 1972. The road was built
because it was Sheikh Rashid's order, the fact is that Hatta was the most important area of the
tobacco plantation, which was largely brought to Dubai and then exported to foreign countries, it
was possible to cross the desert either on a camel or in an all-wheel drive car, which was not
available. Everyone, plus it took a lot of time, sometimes for weeks, so this step in the
construction of the road brought the infrastructure to a new level. Also, Hatta was a direct route
to Oman, which increased the area of trade, The public was very happy with this outcome of
events, since the mountains of Oman were especially famous and with the construction of a flat
road, it gave people a chance to go on vacation to Hatta, which is undoubtedly.

The creation of bridges was the best idea in the design and crossing of roads, where the main
goal was to facilitate access from point "a" to point "b" thus bridges in the modern world perform
an important function, the construction of bridges all over the world as well as in U.A.E Al
Maktoum Bridge (new design) 1970, Al Garhoud Bridge 1976, was a strategically important
infrastructure project for the 20th century as it connected the two coasts that shared the Creek
Canal. However all over ground transport, which, in turn, should no longer have to take a detour,
the acceleration of such processes increases and accelerates the processing of goods, which
actually also influenced the country. The first Tunnel crossing "Shindagha", which was built near
the creek in 1975, is an amazing project that has 4 lines in total, where 2 of which are in one
direction and it is the first and only underwater tunnel in the country with a length of 500 meters.
This design showed on the technology of that time, and how economically it reduced the cost of
freight transportation in the country, now bridges that could not fit large trucks could pass
through a tunnel, it was not required, as in the old days, to load everything on boats and carry out
everything in a long process.

Airports are the most important point of infrastructure in the UAE; today more than 25 billion
dollars is earned from the sale of air tickets throughout the country, which is 22% of the total
GDP of the country! In the period 1969-1980, several airports operated in the United Arab
Emirates, so the Dubai airport, built on May 15, 1966, already met the first "Middle East Africa"
"Kuwait airways comets" aircraft, thus it was the beginning of the country's flight infrastructure,
which in recent years has increased and multiplied , in 1970, on the instructions of the Sheikh of
Dubai, it was decided to build a new terminal that could serve even more people, the
construction occupied 3 buildings, each 110 meters long on an area of more than 13.400 m2, thus
the renovation of the airport made it possible to receive such large aircraft as Boeing 747 and
Concorde , in 1972 the installation of the landing line lighting system, the installation of a fire
station and their own units for the repair and maintenance of aircraft. Dubai Airport has already
won over many with its innovations that were made in the shortest possible time! 1980 Dubai
Airport became a member of the international institution (ACI) AIRPORT COUNCIL
INTERNATIONAL. 1976 was remembered for the opening of an airport in the city of Sharjah,
which for the first time flew over short distances and also within the country between cities,
which was an economically important aspect for the country and also socially convenient since
the public no longer cared whether construction work would be carried out on the roads and they
would not get into time from point "a" to point "b". The loyalty of citizens grew as the country
brought a colossal impact. We all understand how important health care and a confident sense of
security are for society, when a person is no longer afraid of dying due to some kind of disease.
The United Arab Emirates deeply understood the condition of each person, which is why in 1970
one of the first hospitals in the United Arab Emirates opened, which offered new technologies in
the treatment of its patients. Al Jimi hospital in Al-Ain, to this day works in standard places and
helps thousands of people. At the time of 1971, more than 7 public hospitals were operating in
the United Arab Emirates, which could contain more than 700 people in critical condition, which
indicates 700 hospital operating beds! To this day, hospitals have a very positive effect on the
economy of the United Arab Emirates, since the quality of treatment and therefore "Health
Tourism" is increasing. For society, this infrastructure guarantees health, treatment, which
symbolizes a strong nation!

1980-2020

The period from 1980-2020 in the United Arab Emirates was remembered for the latest
technologies and innovations in the country's infrastructure, Oil bore fruit and the cities of the
Emirates acquired a different look, which began to receive investments in addition to the main
economy in the country. Thus, the infrastructure began to gain momentum and in 1996 the first
"EWEC" department was opened in Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi electricity and water authority which
operates today as well. This structure is fully responsible for the water supply in buildings and
also for the distribution of electricity in its system, it produces more than 80 million gallons of
water and also has a large number of power generation towers that produce millions of watts
every day. 1992, Dubai launched a similar project called DEWA, the "Dubai Electricity Water
Authority" which is a government agency. Since the creation of this infrastructure, the number of
customers has grown from 2,000 to 930,000, in addition, today electricity production is
controlled so that losses are 3.3% compared to the USA 6-7% In addition, DEWA achieved a
minimum loss of client minutes of only 2.39. The numbers always show the results, which is
why DEWA was able to reduce the loss of water networks from 42% in 1988 to 6.5% today,
which is one of the best rates in the world. The economic inflow to the GDP of the city and the
country is large and in fact this allows the country to expand and show itself in the global arena,
in addition, the production of clean recycled water allows you to achieve public sympathy, since
the consumption of this water in everyday life is a tube of careful processing and cleaning it.
Whatever it was, the main factor is also the electricity supply in the country, which is so
necessary for everyday life. Taking into account the comparison of electricity supply in the
country with other regions. E11 road, was built in 1980 and made it possible for taxis and other
public and private vehicles to move easily from one city to another. Locals say that before the
construction of the highway it was not possible to move as there was sand everywhere and cars
could not overcome at all, which is why the E11 road made a great contribution to the
development of the country and transportation, which in the future was increased and already
connected the road with Abu Dhabi to Ras Al Khaimah. Realizing the importance of offering
transportation to the citizens and residents of the country, the RTA "Road transport authority"
was founded in 2005, whose mission was to develop world-class, integrated, sustainable
transport systems for the residents of Dubai. RTA is the only one in the country to control the
infrastructure that somehow makes transportation in its custody includes buses, metro, parking,
license issuance, taxis, and water taxis Thus, under the wing of the RTA today there are 1,442
buses, 107 lines on which buses travel, more than 7 million customers and 179,000 trips per
month, which is a colossal amount! The country's economy is replenished with large funds from
the sale of tickets for buses and metro. The society has complete loyalty in particular to the use
of metro and buses, because this makes it much easier and reduces their costs, since the price of
using buses is not high! There is 2 companies that provides taxis First national taxi company
started in 12th august 2000 with a start of 50 taxis, Its Abu Dhabi branch started on 4th November
2007 with 50 taxis also. Second Dubai taxi corporation on 20th May 1995 with a start of 81 taxis.
It was in the Guinness world record for conducting the largest taxi march. Taxis can be called
from road or reserved through applications such as RTA, CAREEM, UBER etc., there is almost
3000 taxis carrying 400,000 passengers daily. They accept card, cash and nol card payments for
the fares. The starting fare for Dubai taxi is 6 dirhams in morning and 7 dirhams after 10:00 pm,
for Abu Dhabi is 12 dirhams starting fare and for Sharjah is 13.50 dirhams. In 2021 Dubai has
put 638 taxis with the names of drivers on top of the taxi to honor those drivers who worked
extra shifts during the pandemic. They have shown great responsibility and care towards their
job and the public. Due to this initiative by the Dubai government the drivers are happy as the
passengers finally know their drivers' names and thank them for their service using their names.
Today, U.A.E has over 12 civil airports which operates everyday servers more than a million
passengers. Thus, Abu Dhabi airport today provides. top-class service that includes a US pre-
processing center, visas, lounges, prayer rooms, hotels, a VIP terminal, and one of the most
recent technological infrastructures that has been recreated into reality, sleep capsules where
anyone who wants to fly in transit can ease of renting a similar capsule. AL BATEEN
EXECUTIVE AIRPORT, also based in Abu Dhabi, often focuses on charter services, which
makes the main airport in Abu Dhabi easier to operate. The services of this hotel include
limousine service, fast transit pass and much more. One of the most interesting airports is called
DELMA AIRPORT, which connects the island near Abu Dhabi, 45 kilometers away, which
transports residents every day from island to city, more than 6,000 residents live on the island.
Dubai international airport has a total of 3 terminals, Terminal 2 began construction in 1998,
Terminal 3 began operation in November 2004, Terminal 1 was officially opened in February
2016! In addition to these airports, there are Sharjah international airport, Al Ain international
airport, Ras Al Khaimah airport which operates everyday from the date of opening! For example,
in 2014, all public airports brought in a total of more than 77 million guests and in 2020 the
growth increased to 87 million people, which accounts for a whopping 22 percent of the
country's total GDP. The social advantages of this infrastructure are that the United Arab
Emirates focuses significantly on tourism, which, in fact, is logical to modernize the airport and
increase the area. Tourism as a highlight of the infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates, in
which the medals of world records are collected, are beautiful and at the same time
architecturally complex projects that have been recreated into reality. Thus, the country's
municipal organizations began their construction in 1994 of the world famous hotel "Burj al
Arab", which to this day holds 7 stars. The project was unique precisely because the hotel was
built at a distance of 280 meters from the coast on the island by a man made. The hotel was built
in the form of a sail and with a height of 321 meters was, until 2008, the tallest hotel building in
the world; this infrastructure includes numerous restaurants, high-class rooms, a helicopter tower
and a private beach. Due to such a strong popularity and uniqueness, tourists come to see or even
stay in it, which brings money to the city's treasury, which is then spent on investments in new
projects. According to various sources, the annual revenue of this hotel is $ 120 million, which is
a large amount. Yas island, a project that began in Abu Dhabi in the capital and largest city in the
country, in 2006 at the request of the president, work began to create a unique island that was
more than 25 square kilometers, which in the future will be the center of all entertainment places.
To date, this territory has built: the largest indoor park in the world "Ferrari world", "Yas
waterworld", Warner Bros "," Seaworld "," CLYMB "; there is also a shopping center, Radison
Blue hotels, Rotana Yas Island , Centro Yas island etc. During the pandemic, the well-known
world brand "Ultimate Fighting Championship" took permission to conduct fights in Abu Dhabi
and built its own arena on this island. 2001, in Dubai they began to think how to expand the
beach coast in the city as more and more tourists came to Dubai from year to year. Thus, it was
decided to build a unique island in the form of a palm tree, which was given the logical name
"PALM JUMEIRAH", this infrastructure increased the beach coast by 520 square kilometers,
and built numerous hotels, water parks, etc. on this site. Thus, there are more than 21 hotels on
this site, examples of which are brands such as RIXOS, KEMPINSKI, ATLANTIS, FIVE etc.
There is also a trolleybus branch on the palm tree. In 2018, according to "GULF NEWS" Palm
Jumeirah made an annual turnover of $ 4.38 billion, which is a good indicator for the tourist area.
The Dubai Metro, an automatic elevator that does not need a driver every day, transports
thousands of Dubai residents around the city of Dubai. The metro was opened in 2009 at 9
o'clock, 9 minutes and 9 seconds with 10 stations which included Rashidiya, Terminal 3, Deira,
etc. After completing the construction of the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, the local
municipal organization built an additional station. Over a year, on average, the metro transports
more than 30 million people, and over 8 years from 2009-2017, it transported over one billion
people, which is a colossal amount today. The red line opened on September 9, 2009, the green
line opened on September 9, 2011. Over the years, the Dubai metro showed different amounts of
profit, however that may be, the amount varies from 100 billion to 115 billion dirham. This
infrastructure was created to make it easier for citizens to get to shopping centers, their works,
etc. A very technologically correct construction helps to save many residents on transport.

However, the infrastructure sector plays an important role in any economy. The more developed
the infrastructure in the country, the higher the likelihood of economic growth and vice versa.
Recent studies have shown continued to show a growing correlation between economic
opportunity and the mobility of people, goods and information. When the infrastructure is
effective, then the "multiplier effect" is immediately noticeable in terms of increased economic
and social opportunities, better access to markets and employment of people, this is if we talk
about the positive impact of infrastructure on society in general. For example, the World
Exhibition EXPO 2020 brought to the city a tremendous boost in the economy, despite the high
costs of the United Arab Emirates, more than 190 countries have confirmed that they have
expressed interest in participating in this event, which will last 6 months. However, on an area of
more than 52 thousand square kilometers, EXPO offers more than 10 thousand jobs, which
actually reduces the growth of unemployment. Water supply and sanitation are particularly
strongly associated with the health of the general population and with infant mortality, health in
early childhood, and the ability to learn. Infrastructure also plays a social and distributional role,
reducing the number of fatalities and serious injuries in the sectors that are naturally most
susceptible to them, namely the poor. Under a wide infrastructure, we can include a number of
objects that make it possible to provide certain services. Some of these properties require very
significant fixed capital investments; some are residential and others are optional. What they all
have in common is the presence of networks.
 QATAR
Roadways total: 7,039 km (2016)
Pipelines 288 km condensate, 221 km
condensate/gas, 2383 km gas,
90 km liquid petroleum gas,
745 km oil, 103 km refined
products (2013)
Ports and terminals major seaport(s): Doha,
Musay'id, Ra's Laffan
LNG terminal(s) (export): Ras
Laffan
Merchant Marine total: 131
by type: bulk carrier 8,
container ship 6, general cargo
5, oil tanker 5, other 107
(2020)
Airports 6 43
Airports with paved runways 4 runways
3,047m
1,524 to 2,437 m
U.A.E
total: 4,080 km (2008)
paved: 4,080 km (includes
253 km of expressways)
(2008)
533 km condensate, 3277 km
gas, 300 km liquid petroleum
gas, 3287 km oil, 24 km
oil/gas/water, 218 km refined
products, 99 km water (2013)
major seaport (s): Al Fujayrah,
Mina 'Jabal' Ali (Dubai), Khor
Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan)
(Sharjah), Mubarraz Island
(Abu Dhabi), Mina 'Rashid
(Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al
Khaymah)
container port (s) (TEUs):
Dubai Port (14,111,000)
(2019)
LNG terminal (s) (export):
Das Island
total: 640
by type: container ship 3,
general cargo 120, oil tanker
19, other 498 (2020)
25 (2013)
over 3,047 m: 12 (2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013)
under 914 m: 2 (2013
 Airports - with unpaved
runways
National air transport system
Telecommunication comparison as a part of infrastructure between Qatar and United Arab
Emirates.
Telephones main lines in use
Telephone mobile cellular
Internet users
Telecommunication system
2 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Registered aircraft 251
Qatar
Subscriptions: 461,289
Subscriptions: 3,917,571
Total users: 2,355,297
 country code - 974; landing
points for the Qatar-UAE
Submarine Cable System,
AAE-1, FOG, GBICS/East
North Africa MENA and the
FALCON submarine cable
network that provides links to
Asia, Africa, the Middle East,
Europe and Southeast Asia;
tropospheric scatter to
Bahrain; microwave radio
relay to Saudi Arabia and the
UAE; satellite earth stations -
2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1
Arabsat; retains full ownership
of two commercial satellites,
Es'hailSat 1 and 2 (2019)
18 (2013)
over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2013)
914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2013)
Registered aircraft 497
U.A.E
Subscriptions: 2,362,602
Subscriptions: 19,602,815
Total users: 9,550,945
microwave radio relay, fiber-
optic and coaxial cable; fixed-
line 24 per 100 and mobile-
cellular 201 per 100 (2019)
international: country code -
971; landing points for
the FLAG, SEA-ME-WE-3 ,-4
& -5, Qater UAE Submarine
Cable System, FALCON,
FOG, Tat TGN-Gulf,
OMRAN/EPEG Cable
System, AAE-1, BBG, EIG,
FEA, GBICS/MENA,
IMEWE, Orient Express,
TEAMS, TW1 and the UAE-
Iran submarine cables, linking
to Europe, Africa, the Middle
East, Asia, Southeast Asia and
Australia; satellite earth
stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian) (2020)
Energy plays a major role in infrastructure of the country in this regards I have prepared the
comparison between Qatar and United Arab Emirates.

Qatar United Arab Emirates

Electricity production 39.78 billion kWh 121.8 billion kWh
Electricity consumption 37.24 billion kwh 113.2 billion kwh
Electricity export 0 kwh 0 kwh
Electricity imports 0 kwh 1.141 billion kwh

Conclusion

Infrastructure will always remain one of the main parts of economic growth, as it was already
said, the United Arab Emirates during its existence has turned from sand into a high-tech
country that has overcome the technological crisis and built its own airports with numerous
terminals, ports, roads. As already described, infrastructure affects the quality of society, its
mood and also the growth of the economy as a whole. Studying this topic, it is always
interesting to observe the growth of the country as a whole. Lack of infrastructure undoubtedly
hinders economic growth and social activity. For example, if a country does not have good
transport infrastructure, how will it transport raw materials from one region to another? Trade
is impossible without the development of infrastructure in the country, and without schools,
the growth of educated people in the country and much more would not be possible. With the
help of this fact, one can endlessly assert that there is a colossal catalyst in the infrastructure
that helps the growth of economic and social activity!

Interesting facts http://www.dubaiasitusedtobe.net/SheratonHotelDubaiCreek.shtml

Comparison between Qatar and Oman

https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/qatar.united-arab-emirates/energy

Burj khalifa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa

Burj al arab https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab

https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en DEWA

https://www.sewa.gov.ae/en/ SEWA

https://www.ewec.ae/en/home EWEC
 transportation information was take from https://www.rta.ae/wps/portal/rta/ae/home?
lang=ar

infrastructure of U.A.E https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/infrastructure/infrastructure-

and-vision-2021

Sheraton hotel construction at 1976

First air pass of the plane which land in U.A.E

Municipality building at 1970

Sharjah road Construction