Principles of Management

Part A
Cement Industry
The cement industry is one of the world's most energy-efficient and
sustainable economic contributors. The cement industry is currently
attempting to increase efficiency with modern technology. In the year
2020, global cement production is expected to reach 4.4 billion metric
tonnes (Ali, M, 2011) The cement industry's demand has been
steadily increasing in tandem with the demand for construction, which
is driving urbanisation. De-agriculturalization as a result of climate
change is the primary cause of urbanisation (lack of water resources).
With the expansion of various regulations and support systems aimed
at ensuring the long-term viability of efficient life cycle management
perspectives of resources around the world, the use of circular
resources in the cement industry is being viewed as the most
important means of ensuring long-term viability. Aside from ensuring
sustainability, cyclical resource usage may be the most cost-effective
technical option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The
European Union is pressing on with a strategy to develop a low-
carbon society by 2050 by combining the cement industry's circular
resource utilisation technology with CO2 emission reduction
technology through the Europe 2050 initiative. Moreover, for the past
few year the industry has not seen any growth and I want to
investigate why.

Companies Chosen
- LafargeHolcim, a Swiss multinational firm, is the world's largest
cement manufacturer, with 180 cement plants worldwide. The
cement companies Lafarge and Holcim merged in 2015 to form
LafargeHolcim. LafargeHolcim is present in more than 70
countries and employs 72,452 people throughout its many
operations. The company focuses primarily on cement,
aggregates, ready mix, and solutions, and it is ranked first
 among the top ten cement companies in the world by cement
production and revenue.

- With a cement production capacity of 288 million tonnes over

32 units, Anhui Conch Cement is the world's second largest
cement maker. Anhui Conch Cement, China's largest cement
firm, was founded in 1997 and is headquartered in Wuhu, Anhui
Province. Conch Holding owns the majority of the enterprise,
which produced 217.20 million tonnes of cement last year.

- HeidelbergCement is the world's fourth largest cement producer,

with 79 units generating 121.11 million tonnes of cement last
year. HeidelbergCement is Germany's largest cement
manufacturer, employing 55,047 people throughout its various
divisions. Cement, aggregates, concrete, and asphalt are the
company's main products.

- Cemex is ranked fifth among the top ten cement companies in

the world, having produced 87.09 million tonnes of cement last
year and having a cement production capacity of 93 million
tonnes throughout its 56 cement facilities. Cemex is a
worldwide construction materials company based in San Pedro,
Mexico, near Monterrey. In more than 50 countries, the
corporation is best known for manufacturing, producing, and
selling cement, ready-mix concrete, and aggregates.

- The Votorantim Group operates 34 cement facilities with a total

capacity of 45.02 million tonnes. Votorantim Cimentos also
manufactures aggregates, mortar, and ready-mix concrete. One
of Latin America's leading industrial enterprises and Brazil's
largest cement firm. Last year, the company's 41 cement
facilities produced 45.02 million tonnes of cement. The
company also claims to be able to produce 54.4 million tonnes
of cement per year.
Part B
Aviation Industry
The key point about the airline industry is that the industry has
been buffeted by strong headwinds from a variety of external
factors, including declining passenger traffic, rising operating
expenses, high fuel prices, and higher landing and maintenance
costs, in addition to intense competition from low-cost carriers,
which has resulted in a cutthroat price war leading to the
industry getting severely affected.

References (MLA Format)

Part A

Datis Export Group. “Top 10 Cement Companies in the World in 2020.” Datis Export Group,
3 Sept. 2020, https://datis-inc.com/blog/top-10-cement-companies-in-the-world-in-
2020/.

Global Trend of Cement Production and ... - Koreascience.kr.

https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202033064063216.pdf.

Part B

“Airline Industry: All You Need to Know about the Airline Sector!” Revfine.com, 10 Sept.
2021, https://www.revfine.com/airline-industry/.