CHAPTER 4 By Wan Nur Ayu Shalina binti Mohd Yusni (2020472294)

CELL CYCLE & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

CHROMOSOME consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA MEIOSIS TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
and protein called Histones that condenses during cell • Division of cell that produce 4 daughter -DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
division cell -RNA (ribonucleic acid)
MITOSIS • Genetic content is different from mother
• Division of cell that produce 2 daughter cell
BASIC COMPONENT OF NUCLEIC ACID
cell 1. 5 carbon sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)
• Daughter cell genetically identical to the STAGES IN MEIOSIS
2. Nitrogenous base ((A) Adenine , (T) Thymine ,
mother cell • Interphase consist of G1 phase, S phase,
(G)Guanine, (C) Cytocine , (U) Urasil )
• Chromosome number of daughter cell G2 phase.
3. Phosphate group
same with the mother cell. • Consist of 2 stages called meiosis I and
meiosis II
PHASES OF CELL CYCLE MITOSIS • Meiosis I (separation of homologous DNA replicate during interphase – S phase (synthesis)
• Interphase consist of G1 phase, S phase, chromosome)
G2 phase • Meiosis II (separation of chromatid sister)
• Mitotic phase consist of mitosis(P,M,A,T) MODEL OF DNA REPLICATION DNA REPLICATION
and cytokinesis MEIOSIS I AND MEIOSIS II CONSIST OF 1. Conservative model Is a process of copying a
P,M,A,T 2. Semiconservative model double-stranded DNA strand.
P=PROPHASE 3. Dispersive model
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME , two
M=METAPHASE STEPS IN DNA REPLICATION
chromosome composing a pair that have the
A=ANAPHASE Most accepted model = -Initiation
same length , centromere position , and both
T=TELOPHASE semiconservative model -Elongation
carry genes controlling the same inherited
characters. -Termination
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BETWEEN MITOSIS
IN ANIMAL AND PLANT This terms is used when explain Meiosis I
PROCESS SYNTHESIS FROM GENE TO PROTEIN
PLANT ANIMAL
• No centriole and aster • Have centriole and aster
• Cytokinesis involve the • Cytokinesis involve the
formation of cell plate formation of cleavage furrow
• Occur in meristematic cell • Occur in somatic cell