“CRITICAL

UNDERSTANDING
OF ICT”

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Important Instructions:
1. Theoretical content should be on lining page.
2. Photos should be on blank (without lining) page according to matter written on
right side on your file.
3. No page should be left blank.
4. All topics should be written in your practical file. Manage the amount of content
yourself by estimating prior to writing in file.
5. Don’t write the content as it is, you may modify the content/material according to
your need or number of pages in file.
6. The material/content you write in your file should be well understood by you for
viva at the time of final internal and external practical.
7. If any confusion regarding file, contact us but don’t make any error in file.
8. Use your creativity/talent to make your file better and different from others.
9. Hindi medium students have to make files in the language (English/Hindi) in
which they are more comfortable. If required, either translate the content
provided to you or write by yourself.

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 INDEX
S.No Topic Page No. Sign / Remarks

1. ICT: Introduction

2. ICT in Education

3. Introduction to Computers

4. Components of Computers

5. Input Devices

6. Output Devices

7. CPU

8. Storage Devices

9. Configuration of Computer System:

Hardware & Software
10. MS-Windows

11. MS-Word

12. MS- Powerpoint

13. MS- Excel

14. Internet

15. World Wide Web

16. E- Mail

17. Live Conferencing (Chat)

18. File Exchange

19. Knowledge Navigation

20. Discussion Groups

21. Smart Classroom

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 ICT
ICT (Information and Communications Technology) is an umbrella term that includes any communication
device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and
software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them,
such as videoconferencing and distance learning. ICTs are often spoken of in a particular context, such as
ICTs in education, health care, or libraries.

It is ICT that powers the social networks that our current society is gravitating towards. Gone are the days of
pigeons and snail mail (letters) and here are the days of email, twitter and SMS. Technology is behind nearly
everything we do, from the computer animation in movies to advances in medical treatment and research, to
the preparation and creation of the food we eat.

Our dependence on ICT matches its growth, as technology steadily revolutionizes our way of life. ICT and
its uses are not limited only by the extent of our imagination.

ICT in Education

Information and Communication Technology has permeated in every walk of life affecting the technology
fields such as launching satellites, managing businesses across the globe and also enabling social
networking. The convergence of computer, communication and content technologies, being known as ICT,
has attracted attention of academia, business, government and communities to use it for innovative profitable
propositions. Year by year it is becoming simpler to use devices such as desktop palm top, iPod etc.

21st century is characterized with the emergence of knowledge based society wherein ICT plays a pivotal
role. The National curriculum framework 2005 (NCF 2005) has also highlighted the importance of ICT in
school education. With this backdrop, major paradigm shift is imperative in education characterized by
imparting instructions, collaborative learning, and multidisciplinary problem-solving and promoting critical
thinking skills. Government of India has announced 2010-2020 as the decade of innovation.

Reasoning and Critical thinking skills are necessary for innovation. Foundation of these skills is laid at
school level. It is desirable that affordable ICT tools and techniques should be integrated into classroom
instructions right form primary stage so as to enable students develop their requisite skills. Most of the tools,
techniques and tutorials are available in Open domain and accessible on web.

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At Primary and Upper Primary level, focus may be on simple access to information and trying to compile
different views and analyze them to conclude in one‘s own way.

At the Secondary level, gathering and structuring of data and computing to arrive at some reports may be
taken up in any subject not necessarily Science and Mathematics.

At the Senior Secondary level, when students are so exposed, they will get highly motivated to use ICT
tools for taking up complex, multidisciplinary problems such as biochemistry, bioinformatics, environmental
science, forensic science, nanotechnology, business intelligence etc.

This may necessitate computing tools and techniques of generic nature as well as domain-specific. This is
the time when the students and the teachers together will work in global competitive environment and
improve academic outcomes of learners and to enhance the productivity of teachers in classrooms. This can
be done by encouraging the use of technology in classroom teaching - e-learning and instant assessments
which shall also go a long way in supporting its CCE initiative as well.

This may require setting up a classroom equipped with LCD projector and facility for computer mediated
instructions. Specifically such classroom must have:

a. A projection or display device

b. An interactive system
c. Computer with UPS System

Teachers wishing to teach a topic with multimedia resources can take the class to this classroom. Proper
advance scheduling may help teachers in their venture.

Computer

Definition: A Computer is an electronic device that can perform activities that involve Mathematical, Logical and
graphical manipulations. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of devices that function together as a
system.

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The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were huge machines that required teams of people to
operate. Compared to those early machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times
faster, they can fit on your desk, in your lap, or even in your pocket.

It performs the following three operations in sequence.

1. It receives data & instructions from the input device.

2. Processes the data as per instructions.
3. Provides the result (output) in a desired form.

Advantages of computers

1. High speed: Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They
can perform millions of calculations in seconds.
2. Accuracy: Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.
3. Storage: Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in the
memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning speeds.
4. Automation: Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically (which increases the
productivity).
5. Diligence: Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
6. Versatility: Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.
7. Cost effectiveness: Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs.

Limitations of computers:

1. Computers need clear & complete instructions to perform a task accurately. If the instructions are not clear
& complete, the computer will not produce the required result.
2. Computers cannot think.

Components of Computers
A computer system consists of mainly four basic units; namely

1. Input unit,

2. Output unit.

3. Storage unit, and

4. Central Processing Unit.

Central Processing unit further includes Arithmetic logic unit and control unit.

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 1. Input Devices

An input unit takes the input & converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by the computer.

Keyboard

The Key board is used for typing text into the computer. It is also known as standard Input device. A computer
keyboard is similar to that of a type writer with additional keys. The most commonly available computer keyboard
has 104 keys.

There are different types of keys on the keyboard. The keys are categorized as:

1. Alphanumeric keys, including letters & numbers.

2. Punctuation keys, such as colon (:), semicolon (;) Question mark (?), Single & double quotes (‗,)
3. Special keys such as arrow keys, control keys, function keys (F1 to F12), HOME, END etc.

Mouse

It is a device that controls the movement of the cursor on a monitor.

Bar Code Reader

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It is a device which is used to read the code from the products which are usually in the form of Bars. It contains a light sensitive
detector which identifies the values of the bars on the product & converts them into
numeric code. These bar readers are used in shopping malls in a very large scale.

Digital Camera

As the name specifies, these camera stores the data digitally, which then can be stored in the
computer & can be stored for a long time. But it has very limited storage capacity. These are
very popular because of less expensive photographs & Speed.

Lightpen It is a pointing device which contains a photocell mounted at its

tip. It senses the light from the screen when it becomes closer to the screen, &
generates a pulse.

Scanner

Scanners are of two types:

1. Optical scanners
2. MICR

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 2. Output Devices
The devices which are used to display the data to the user either in the form of hard copy or soft copy are called
output devices.

Speakers

Speakers receive the sound in the form of electric current from the sound card & convert it to sound format. These
are used for listening music, chatting, seminars for presentations etc.

VDU (Visual Display Unit)

This is also called monitor. It is used to get the data in the form of soft copy. Their functioning is exactly similar to the
television. It contains a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) which emits the electrons to trace a regular pattern of horizontal
lines on the screen.

Printer

These devices give the hard copy of the output. These are in different types.

1. Impact - Have mechanical contact in between paper & printing head

2. Non Impact - No mechanical contact between paper & printing head
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 IMPACT: NON IMPACT -

1. Line Printers - print line wise (E.g. Drum Printer) 1. Electromagnet Printers
2. Thermal Printers
2. Character Printer - print character wise (E.g. Daisy Printer)
3. Electrostatic Printers
4. Inkjet Printers
5. Laser Printers

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

These screens are used in laptops & notebook sized PCs. A special type of liquid is sandwiched between two plates.
The top plate is clear & bottom plate is reflective. The molecules in these liquids are normally aligned & the
computer signals are used to align these molecules.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

It is the part of the computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is the unit that
reads and executes program instructions. Hence it is known as the―brain‖ of the computer. The CPU
consists of storage or memory unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and control unit.

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 a. Memory Unit: It is also known as the primary storage or main memory. It stores data, program
instructions, internal results and final output temporarily before it is sent to an appropriate output
device. It consists of thousands of cells called ―storage locations‖. These cells activate with ―off-on
or binary digits(0,1) mechanism. Thus a character either a letter or numerical digit is stored as a
string of (0,1) Binary digits ( BITS). These bits are used to store instructions and data by their
combinations.

b. Arithmetic and Logical Unit(ALU): It is the unit where all Arithmetic operations (addition,
subtraction etc.) and logical functions such as true or false, male or female are performed. Once data
are fed into the main memory from input devices, they are held and transferred as needed to ALU
where processing takes place. No process occurs in primary storage. Intermediate generated results
in ALU are temporarily placed in memory until needed at later time. Data may move from primary
memory to ALU and back again to storage many times before the process is finalized.

c. Control Unit: It acts as a central nervous system and ensures that the information is stored correctly
and the program instructions are followed in proper sequence as well as the data are selected from
the memory as necessary. It also coordinates all the input and output devices of a system.

4. Storage Devices

A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). A storage device
may hold information, process information, or both. Computer’s memory can be classified
into two types; primary memory and secondary memory.

1. Primary Memory can be further classified as RAM and ROM.

a. RAM or Random Access Memory is the unit in a computer system. It is the

place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and the
data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the
computer’s processor. It is said to be ‘volatile’ since its contents are accessible
only as long as the computer is on. The contents of RAM are no more available
once the computer is turned off.

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 b. ROM or Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which can only be
read and contents of which are not lost even when the computer is switched
off. It typically contains manufacturer’s instructions. Among other things, ROM
also stores an initial program called the ‘bootstrap loader’ whose function is to
start the operation of computer system once the power is turned on.

2. Secondary Memory

RAM is volatile memory having a limited storage capacity. Secondary/auxiliary

memory is storage other than the RAM. These include devices that are peripheral
and are connected and controlled by the computer to enable permanent storage of
programs and data.

1. Floppy Disk: It is also referred as ―Diskette: and is made of flexible Vinyl material. It has
a small hole on one side called ―Right protect notch‖, which protects accidental
writing/deleting the information from the disk. There is a
hole in the centre through which the spindle of drive unit rotates
the disk.

5. Hard Disk: The hard disk can hold more information than the floppy disk and the
retrieval of information from hard disk is faster when compared to floppies or tapes.

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3. CD-ROM: CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk–Read Only Memory. It is used to store a wide
variety of information. Its main advantage is that it is portable and can hold a large amount
of data.

4. DVD: DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc. It is similar to a CD-ROM, except that it can
store larger amounts of data. The storage capacity of a DVD is at least 4.7MB.

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5. Flash Drive: It is a small, portable device that can be used to store, access and transfer
data. Due to its small size, it is commonly called Pen drive. It is also called USB drive.

Configuration of Computer System

In communications or computer systems, a configuration is an arrangement of functional units according to their
nature, number, and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software,
firmware, and documentation. The configuration affects system function and performance.

HARDWARE
Computer hardware equals the collection of physical elements that comprise
a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a
computer such as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, and hard drive disk,
mouse, printers, CPU (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc
all of which are physical objects that you can actually touch. In contrast, software is
untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system.
Ex: input and output devices, processors, circuits and the cables.

SOFTWARE
Computer software, or just software, is any set of machine-readable instructions
(most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a
computer's processor to perform specific operations. The term is used to contrast
with computer hardware, the physical objects (processor and related devices)

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that carry out the instructions. Hardware and software require each other; neither has any value without the other.

Firmware is software that has been permanently stored in hardware (specifically in non-volatile memory). It thus
has qualities of both software and hardware.

On most computer platforms, software can be grouped into two broad categories: System software is the basic
software needed for a computer to operate (most notably the operating system). Application software is all the
software that uses the computer system to perform useful work beyond the operation of the computer itself. (A
third category, embedded software, resides as firmware within embedded, devices dedicated to a single use. In
that context there is no clear distinction between the system and application software.)

There are five categories of software. They are:

1. Operating System
2. Translators
3. Utility programs
4. Application programs
5. General purpose programs

1. Operating System (OS) : The software that manages the resources of a computer system and schedules its
operation is called Operating system. The operating system acts as interface between the hardware and the
user programs and facilitates the execution of programs. Generally the OS acts as an interface between the
user and the Hardware of the computer.

Basic concept of operating system and its functions:-

 An operating system is the basic software that controls the computer.

 Each component of the operating system has its own set of defined inputs and outputs.
 It serves as the inference between the user and the computer.

An operating system performs three main functions:-

 It controls the hardware and software resources of the computer.

 It provides a consistent application interface.
o (This ensures that an application made by the programmer on one computer can function on
another computer of the same type, even if the two computers have different storage
space/memory.)
 It ensures that various applications continue to function normally on a computer even if its hardware
is upgraded in future.

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 2. Translators: Computers can understand instructions only when they are written in their own language – the
machine language. Therefore, a program written in any other language should be translated into machine
language. The software that ―translates‖ the instructions of different languages is known as translators.

3. Utility Programs: These are pre-written programs supplied by the manufacturer for maintaining day-
to-day activities of computer system. Example: COPY, SORT, MAILING, virus scanning software etc.

4. Application Programs: These are user written programs to do a specific job which can be changed to meet
the individual needs. These programs are written in different languages such as BASIC or C or by using
database packages like dBase, Oracle. Example: Payroll, Billing, Railway Reservation etc.

5. General Purpose Packages: These packages are developed to suit the needs of research workers / scientists
in different fields. These packages are categorized as:

a. Data Analysis
b. Word Processing
c. Spread Sheet
d. Graphics
e. Databases

Introduction to ms windows:-

 The most important piece of software on any computer is the operating system.
 The operating system gives the framework upon which all other services and application run.
 The majority of home users use a windows based machine.

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  Microsoft windows are extremely popular in schools and colleges.

Using mouse and moving icons on the screen:-

Basic parts of the mouse:-

 The mouse has three buttons.

1. Primary button (usually the left button)
2. Scroll wheel
3. Secondary button (usually the right button)

Holding and moving the mouse:-

Mouse pointers

Way to hold the mouse

1. Place your mouse beside the keyboard on the clean, smooth surface such as the mouse pad.

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 2. Hold the mouse gently with your index finger resting on the primary button and the thumb resting
on the side.
3. To move the mouse, slide it slowly in any direction.

Clicking (single click):-

 To click an item, point on the item on the screen, and then press and release the primary button.

Double clicking:-

 To double click an item, point to the item on the screen, and then click twice quickly.
 Double click is most often used to open items on the desktop.

My computer:-

My computer allows the user to explore the contents of the computer drive as well as manage the computer
files.

How to use my computer?

1. Get to the windows desktop.

2. Double click on the my computer icon.
3. Once my computer is opened, all the drives are seen.

Recycle bin:-

 The recycle bin is used by the windows computer to store the deleted items.
 It temporarily stores files and folders before they are permanently deleted.

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  By double-click the recycle bin icon. The recycle bin window appears.

 The recycle bin window allows deleting item individually or restoring them to their original
location.

Task bar:-

The taskbar is the long horizontal bar present at the bottom of the screen.

Components of taskbar

Components of the taskbar:

1. Start button: - It is located on the left hand side of the taskbar.

2. Quick launch bar: - It is a customizable toolbar that display the desktop or launch a program with a
single click.
3. Notification area: - This is the area on the right hand side of the taskbar.

Start menu and menu selection:-

 The start menu is the main gateway of the computer programs, folders and settings.
 It is called a menu because it provides a list of choices.
 And as ―start‖ implies, it‘s often the place to start or open a thing.

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  Use the Start menu to do these common activities:
1) Start programs
2) Open commonly used folders
3) Search for files, folders and programs
4) Adjust computer settings
5) Get help with the windows operating system
6) Turn off the computer
7) Log off from windows or switch to a different user account
 Clicking on the start button opens the start menu, which provides access to different features and
programs. They are:-
1. Shut down: - allows the user to turn off/ restart the computer.
2. Log off: - logs off the current user.
3. All programs: - provides access to installed programs or applications. An application can be
started by clicking the appropriate item.
4. Run: - allows the user to manually start executable files (programs).
5. Search: - allows searching for files and folders.
6. Help and support: - provides access to windows xp help and support center.
7. Control panel: - allows the user to change various setting.
8. My recent documents: - provides a list of recently opened documents for quick access.

Running an application:-

Task manger is used to see the list of the programs that are running on the computer currently.

To check the program running on the computer.

1. Open task manger by right clicking the taskbar, and then start task manger.

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 2. Click the application tab to see a list of all programs that are currently running on the computer.

Setting system date and time:-

Following are the different type of settings

1. Set manually: - manually adjust the date/year/month/hour.

2. Set via internet: - obtain date and time from the internet and then set the system‘s date and time using
that information.
3. Set automatically: - when this option is chosen, the time and date are set automatically via internet.

4. Date format: - set the order of display for year/ month/ day.
5. Time format: - time can be set either in 12hour or 24 hour format.

Windows explorer to view files:-

Windows explorer shows how to save the files in windows and most importantly to find the file again.

 Select start programs accessories windows explorer

Or
 Open my computer right clicked the icon of the hard disk drive whose content you wish to explorer.
And choose explore from the drop-down menu.

Viewing files and folders:-

 In order to view the content of a file/folder, double –click its icon.

Or
 Right – click the icon and select open.

Creating files, folders and shortcuts:-

 In the left pane of window explorer, click the icon of the disk drive/ folder in which the file/ folder is
to be created.

To create a new folder:

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 1. Select file new folder
Or
Right click anywhere in the blank part of the column of the windows explorer and select new folder
from the drop- down menu.

2. Type the name of the new folder that is created and press enter.
3. A new icon will appear with the name ―new folder‖ underlined.

4. Rename the folder according to your wish. E.g.:- my exercise

Renaming files and folders:-

To rename a file/folder, do the following.

1. Click its name once and after a brief pause, click it again.
Or

Right-click the file/folder and select rename from the pop-up menu.

2. Type the new name or edit the existing, name and press ENTER.

Opening and closing of windows:-

 Choose the icon from the desktop you want to open.

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  Click on the icon to open. The windows will get open.

Closing of windows:-

 The windows can be closed by using the keyboard, press CTRL and f4 on the keyboard.
Or
By taking an arrow on the close button and clicking on it.

Minimizing of a window:-

The minimize button reduces the window to a button on the task bar. Clicking this button returns a window
to its original state.

Maximizing of a window:-

The maximize button enlarges the window to fill the entire desktop. When a window is maximized, this
button changes to one with two squares- the restore button. Clicking the restore button return or restores a
window to its original state.

Restore:-

1. Open system restore by clicking the start button, and on the restore button.
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 2. Follow the steps of the wizard to choose a restore point and restore the computer.

Basic components of a window:-

1. Desktop:-
 The first screen that appears on the monitor after windows has loaded is called the desktop. From the
desktop, the user can access different components of windows.

2. Frame:-
 Frames are used in word processing, and graphic arts to help focus viewer‘s attention.

3. Title bar:-
 It is the horizontal bar at the top of the window. It displays the name or title of the window.

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4. Menu bar:-
 It is usually located immediately below the title bar. Each item on the menu bar presents the user
with a drop-down menu listing various options.

5. Status bar:-
 It is typically placed at the bottom of the window and displays state information for the content in the
window.

6. Scroll bar:-
 There are two types of scroll bars:
a. Horizontal
b. Vertical
 These bars appear on the side and/or bottom of a window when the content is too much to fit on
screen. They allow the user to move or scroll the page to see more of the information.

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 7. Using right button of the mouse:-
 The right click helps to perform the performed task.

8. Creation shortcut:-
 Right- clicks an open area on the desktop, point to new and then click on shortcut.
 Click browse.
 Locate the file for which the shortcut is to be created.
 Click the program or file, click open, and then click next.
 Type a name for the shortcut. If a finish button appears at the bottom of the dialog box click it. If a
next button appears at the bottom of the dialog box click it, click the icon you want to use for the
shortcut and then click finish.

Basic windows accessories

1. Notepad:-
 Notepad is a generic text editor.

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  To open a notepad select start program accessories notepad
 Notepad contain five menus: file, edit, format view and help
 The format menu provides access to a feature called word wrap.
2. Paint:-
 Paint is a basic graphics program that lets the user create lines and shapes, with and without
color, and place text within graphics.
 To open paint select, start program accessories paint

 The paint has five major areas.

a. Drawing area: The area in which you create your artwork.
b. Color box: Displays the colors you can use in your artwork.

c. Menu bar: Contains six menus: file, edit, view, image, colors and help.
d. Status bar: Displays important messages and measurements as you use paint.
e. Tool bar: Contains various tools that help you create and modify artwork.

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3. Calculator:
 Calculator is used to perform simple calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division.
 Offers advanced capabilities of a programming, scientific and statistical calculator.

4. WordPad:
 WordPad is a text editing program used to create and edit document.
 To open WordPad select start programs accessories WordPad.

 WordPad contains six menus.

a. File: allow the user to create, open, save, and print document.
b. Edit: allow the user to perform cut, copy, paste and view/replace option.
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 c. View: allow the user to view/hide various toolbars
d. Insert: allow the user to insert current system date and time or an object into the active
document.
e. Format: allow the user to format font, paragraphs, bullet, style, and tab.
f. Help: it displays help on using WordPad and product information.
5. Using clipboard:
 It helps in cut/copy and paste items from one document to another using a tool called
clipboard.
 Cut: ( click the edit menu then click the cut command)
 Copy: (click the edit menu then the copy command)
 Paste: (click the edit menu then the paste command)

MS Word:
 Microsoft word is an example of a program called word processor. Word processor is a program
used for entering, editing and formatting text.
 To open ms word
 select start programs
 select Microsoft office
 select Microsoft office word.

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Creation of new document: (CTRL+N)

 On the file menu, select new.

 The new document task pane displayed.

 Click blank document

Saving a document:

 On the file menu, select save.

 The save as dialog ox appears.
 Select the save location, enter a file name, and click save.

Editing a document:

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  Enable track changes and save the document with a new file name.

 Edit the document, inserting or deleting letters, words, punctuation etc.

 When you have completed all the editing, save the document you are working with.

Formatting a document:

 Changing the appearance of text to make attractive and/or legible is called formatting.
 Select the text to be formatted

.
 Select format.

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 Text style:

 Click B to bold.
 Click I to italic.
 Click U to underline the text.
 Font and size of the text can also be adjusted.

Changing color:

Alignment of text:

 Alignment is the way in which text is placed between the margins of a page. It is of two
types:-
a. Horizontal alignment
b. Vertical alignment

Formatting paragraphs with line or paragraph spacing:

 Line spacing refers to the space between lines of text in a paragraph.

 Select the text to be formatted.
 Select format paragraph

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  The paragraph dialog box is displayed.
 Use line spacing drop-down list to choose the spacing you want.

Adding header and footer:

 Headers refers to repetitive text or graphics printed at the top of the pages in a document.
 Footer refers to repetive text or graphics printed at the end of the pages in a document.

Using grammar and spell check:

 Ms word automatically marks possible errors in a document with a wavy underline – red for possible
spelling errors and green for possible grammatical error.

 Select tools spelling and grammar.

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  The spelling and grammar dialog box opens and the first possible errors is displayed.

Inserting symbols:

 Place your cursor.

 Locate the symbol group.

 Choose the desired symbol from the special characters chart.

Print preview:

 Click the file tab, and then click print.

 When the properties for your printer and document appears the way that you want them to click
print.

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Printing a document:

 The steps for printing the document using this method are given below:
 Choose file print. The print dialog box is displayed.

 Choose the printer from the name drop-down list.

 Choose which pages to print in the print range group box by selecting the desired options.

Inserting word art:

 Click the wordart button on the drawing toolbar.

 The wordart gallery dialog box appears.
 Click the desired word style.
 Click ok.

Clipart and pictures:

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  Select insert picture clip art
 The clip art task pane is displayed.

 In the search for box,type a word or phrase that describes the clip you want.

Page setting:

 Select file page setup.

 A page setup dialog box appears.
 From this the page size, page orientation and page margins can be set.

Bullets and numbering:

 A bullet is a dot or a symbol that makes an important line of information.

 A number list can also be created.

Borders and shading:

 Choose the border setting option from page layout.

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  Choose the border style and color.

Format painter:

 Select the text or graphic that has the formatting that you want to do.

 On the home tab, in the clipboard group, click format painter.

Find and Replace:

 Select edit find

 The find and Replace dialog box appears.

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  Enter the text you wish to find.

Inserting tables:

 Put the cursor at the point where you want to place a table.
 Click the insert button.

MS PowerPoint:
Microsoft power point is a professional presentation program that allows the user to create ―presentation
slides‖.

Introduction to presentation graphics:

 Click start programs

 Select Microsoft office
 Select Microsoft powerpoint .

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Inserting a new slide:

 Home >> slide

Understanding the concept of slide show:

 The slide show is used to present the slides it shows the presentation on full screen.
 The slide show can be started in the following ways:
a. From within powerpoint
b. From the desktop
c. Saving a presentation to always open as slide show.
 Starting a slide show from within powerpoint
1. Click the slide show button at the lower left of the powerpoint window. ( press F5).

 Starting a slide show from the desktop

1. Locate the file you wish to open as a slide show.
2. Right-click the file and click show on the menu that appears.
 Saving a presentation to always open as slide show
1. Save the presentation to always open as slide show.

Basic element of a slide:

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  A slide may contain text, pictures, charts, tables etc.
 Title:- It is a descriptive heading, which identifies a slide.
 Sub title:- It is a distinctive message or brief description of the slide data.
 Footnote: It indicates the source of slide, data o any other explanatory text.
 Border: It is a frame of slide. It is similar to a frame on a painting.

Different type of slide layout:

 On the view tb in the presentation view group. Click normal.

 In the normal view, in the pane that contains the outline and slide tabs, click the slide tab.
 Click the slide on which you want to apply the layout.

Creating a power point presentation:

 Start powerpoint
 Click create a new presentation.
 The new presentation task pane appears

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Saving a presentation:

 Click file.
 Go to save as.
 Save the presentation

Different views of slide:

 Normal view: This view is used to create and design slides.

 Slide sorter view: This is used while organizing slides. It is used when there is a need to
delete, copy, paste or move a slide.

Editing and formatting a slide:

 Adding titles: A title can be added in the slide by clicking on the ―click to add title‖ box in the slide.
 Sub titles: A subtitle is added in the ―click to add text‖ box in a slide.

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  Text background: Select format background

 Watermark: It is a faded image place behind the text.

 Header and footer: Header and footer include data such as slide numbers, page numbers, data etc.
which you want to appear at the top and the bottom of the slide.

 Numbering slides: The slides can be numbered.

Inserting picture from file:

 Select insert picture from file

 The insert picture dialog box is displayed.
 Select the desired file and click insert.

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Animating pictures:

 Select the text or object you wish to animate.

 Select slide show custom animation. The custom animation task pane is displayed.

Adding sound effects:

 Select insert movies and sound and click one of the following:-
1. Movie from file: To insert a movie clip/ animated GIF of your choice. Open the folder
containing the file and double click.
2. Movie from clip organizer: To insert a motion clip from the clip art gallery. Find and click the
clip you wish to insert.

Text box:

 Click insert.
 Text box option appeared
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Ungrouping and grouping pictures from clip art:

 Grouping allows us to work with different objects as if they were one.

 Ungrouping will again make the object look broken.

MS- EXCEL

Microsoft Excel is one of the most used software applications of all time. Hundreds of millions of people
around the world use Microsoft Excel. We can use Excel to enter all sorts of data and perform financial,
mathematical or statistical calculations.

1 Range: A range in Excel is a collection of two or more cells.

2 Formulas and Functions: A formula is an expression which calculates the value of a cell. Functions are
predefined formulas and are already available in Excel.

Basics of Excel

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1 Ribbon: Excel selects the ribbon's Home tab when we open it. We can minimize and customize the ribbon.

2 Workbook: A workbook is another word for Excel file. Excel automatically creates a blank workbook
when we open it.

3 Worksheets: A worksheet is a collection of cells where we keep and manipulate the data. By default, each
Excel workbook contains three worksheets.

4 Format Cells: When we format cells in Excel, we change the appearance of a number without changing the
number itself.

5 Find & Select: We can use Excel's Find, Replace and Go To Special feature.

6 Templates: Instead of creating an Excel workbook from scratch, WE can create a workbook based on a
template. There are many free templates available, waiting to be used.

7 Data Validation: Data validation in Excel is to make sure that users enter certain values into a cell.

8 Keyboard Shortcuts: Keyboard shortcuts allow to do things with keyboard instead of mouse to increase the
speed.

9 Print: We can print a worksheet and can change some important print settings in Excel.

10 Share: it is to share Excel data with Word documents and other files.

11 Protect: Encrypt an Excel file with a password so that it requires a password to open it.

Steps to open the ms-excel

 Click start programs

 Select Microsoft office
 Select Microsoft excel

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Worksheet (Spreadsheet)

A worksheet is a collection of cells where you keep and manipulate the data. By default, each Excel
workbook contains three worksheets.

Select a Worksheet

When you open Excel, Excel automatically selects Sheet1 for you. The name of the worksheet
appears on its sheet tab at the bottom of the document window.

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To select one of the other two worksheets, simply click on the sheet tab of Sheet2 or Sheet3.

Rename a Worksheet

By default, the worksheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3. To give a worksheet a more
specific name, execute the following steps.
1. Right click on the sheet tab of Sheet1.
2. Choose Rename.

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3. For example, type Sales 2010.

4.

Insert a Worksheet

You can insert as many worksheets as you want. To quickly insert a new worksheet, click the Insert
Worksheet tab at the bottom of the document window.

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Move a Worksheet

To move a worksheet, click on the sheet tab of the worksheet you want to move and drag it into the
new position.
For example, click on the sheet tab of Sheet4 and drag it before Sheet2.

Result:

Delete a Worksheet
To delete a worksheet, right click on a sheet tab and choose Delete.
For example, delete Sheet4, Sheet2 and Sheet3.

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Result:

Copy a Worksheet

It's a lot easier to copy the entire worksheet and only change the numbers.
1. Right click on the sheet tab of Sales 2010.
2. Choose Move or Copy...

The 'Move or Copy' dialog box appears.

3. Select (move to end) and check Create a copy.

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4. Click OK.
Result:

Note: you can even copy a worksheet to another Excel workbook by selecting the specific workbook
from the drop-down list.

Workbook

A workbook is another word for your Excel file. Excel automatically creates a blank workbook when
you open it.

Open an Existing Workbook

To open a workbook you've created in the past, execute the following steps.
1. Click on the green File tab.

What you see next is called the backstage view and it contains all the workbook related commands.
2. Recent shows you a list of your recently used workbooks. You can quickly open a workbook from
here.

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3. Click Open to open a workbook that is not on the list.

Close a Workbook

If you are new to Excel, it's good to know the difference between closing a workbook and closing
Excel. This can be confusing in the beginning.
1. To close an Excel workbook, click the lower X.

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2. If you have multiple workbooks open, clicking the upper right X closes the active workbook. If
you have one workbook open, clicking the upper right X closes Excel.

Create a New Workbook

Although Excel creates a blank workbook when you open it, sometimes you want to start all over
again.
1. To create a new workbook, click New and then click Create.

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 INTERNET

The internet is a global connection of computers. These computers are connected via a huge
network of telecommunication links. The internet allows you to access to a whole resource
of data and information stored at different sites (called hosts) and locations around the world.
The communication links which inter connect each host computer use a common method of
transmission known as TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol. Internet connection helps us to:

1. Read information on a wide range of topics

2. Send or receive E-mail
3. Down load useful programs such as virus detectors, file compression, decompression
utility etc.,

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 4. Share your opinions and your knowledge on a variety of topics through various new
groups.
5. Chat with other people anywhere in the world
6. View interesting video‗s listen to music or wander through a 3-D world.

Requirements for connecting to the Internet:

a) Modem: A modem is a peripheral device that allows a computer to connect and

communicate with other computers. Modem stands for Modulator Demodulator.

b) Web Browser: A browser is a software program that is necessary in order to view

web pages on the web. Ex: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox,
Microsoft outlook express etc.

c) Telephone line: A telephone line is required to transfer data from one computer to
another. The computer is connected to a modem, which, in turn, connected to a
telephone line.

d) Subscription with Internet service provider (ISP): ISP‗s are companies that provide
access to the internet. We need subscription with any ISP to get an Internet
connection. Some of the ISPs in India are VSNL, MTNL, Sify, Airtel, Nextra Net etc.

World Wide Web (WWW)

It refers to the collection of information accessible on the internet. The web is similar to a
library. It consists of millions & millions of pages of text, pictures, sounds and animation on
various topics. These pages, called web pages are stored on different computers that are
connected to the internet. The web pages have links between them i.e. when we click a

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certain word or picture in a page, it will take us to another page. These words or pictures that
help to move from one page to another are called hyperlinks. A collection of related web
pages is known as a web site. A web site can be accessed by means of a unique name
assigned to it. Internet was initially designed for the transmission of text basing on the
protocols mentioned. In order to transmit a graphically designed web page complete with
pictures embedded sound and animation a special language was designed which is referred to
as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). HTML uses special text codes to define the
various elements of a web page. The WWW support a protocol called Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). All internet servers cannot support HTTP and so the web can be regarded
as a subset of the larger internet. HTTP provides a method of transmitting a professionally
laid out page over the text based internet.

Uniform Resource Locator: (URL): Each web site has a unique address
commonly referred to as a URL. A URL specifies the exact location of the web
page on the internet.

A typical web address or URL looks as http://

www.microsoft.com/catalog/navigation.asp

Some Names of Websites

 https://www.facebook.com/
 https://twitter.com/

 https://www.google.co.in/
 http://www.youtube.com/
 http://wordpress.org/
 http://www.adobe.com/
 http://www.blogger.com/home?pli=1
 http://www.wikipedia.org/
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 http://wordpress.com/
 http://www.linkedin.com/
 http://in.yahoo.com/?p=us
 http://www.amazon.com/
 http://www.microsoft.com/en-in/default.aspx
 http://in.msn.com
 http://www.washingtonpost.com/

some Names of Educational Websites

https://www.khanacademy.org/
https://www.coursera.org/
https://www.60secondrecap.com/
www.guardian.co.uk ›
www.smilefoundationindia.org/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki
http://ed.ted.com/

Some names of Search Engines

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.rediff.com
www.yahoo.com
www.bing.com

www.ask.com

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 e-MAIL (Electronic Mail)

e-MAIL or Electronic Mail , is a very powerful tool for electronic communication, which enables to send
and receive messages, data, etc. electronically on a network. It is an efficient and inexpensive way to send or
receive information or data around the world within minutes. It can be used as one to one messages as well
as one to many messages.

Steps for sending an e-mail

 Start an e-mail program
 Compose the message using that e-mail program
 Give the address where to send the e-mail
 Give the command to send the message

Inbox Mail

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Types of e-mail

1. E-mail documentation transmission

2. Voice- mail
3. Facsimile transmission (FAX)

Features of e-mail

Reply Forward Send Store

Delete Print Inbox Outbox
Send/receive Attachments Address book

Examples of e-mail addresses

 -----------@gmail.com

 -----------@yahoo.com

 -----------@outlook.com

Live Conferencing (Chat)

It refers to the live streaming of interactive audio and video presentations, lectures, meetings, and seminars
to the global audience with the help of a camera and conferencing equipment. Such equipment lets
businesses connect and coordinate with remote workforces located in different region, engage them in
productive real-time discussions, and record individual or group responses.

Live conferencing enables presenters to transmit and share information beyond geographical boundaries
with anytime, anywhere access. The prominent live conferencing solution or equipment manufacturers
include: Panasonic, Sony, Polycom, Avermedia, Accordent, MediaPointe, ClearOne, LifeSize,[1]
Tandberg,[2] Kedacom, etc. The live conferencing services allow presentations, events, lectures, and

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meetings to be recorded and shared at the same time to a geographically dispersed audience – on or off
office or corporate work facility.

The Live Conferencing leverages instant sharing of information from one place to another with just an
internet connection and personal computers such as desktops, laptops, and tablet computers using the
popular TCP/IP connection. The cutting edge design and interface of the equipment combined with cloud
technologies, enables both individual and group participation in the session. Individual or a group of
individuals can interact using a single PC with the remote presenter(S) to share information, brainstorm
ideas, and analyze data.

Live conferencing in Education

 Simultaneous lectures in and off the classroom. Instructors can web cast and deliver live lectures to the
students sitting inside and outside the classroom – enabling complete interaction with Q/A features, live
chat, and real-time quizzes.
 Expert lectures. Live conferencing lets K-12 and universities to invite the interest of regional and
international experts on a subject and let them communicate and instruct audience from their preferred or
existing locations.
 Lecture retention. Live conferencing can be used to retain classroom lectures through instant recording. The
recorded lectures can be distributed to the audience with or without editing in an instant to eliminate
manual note taking and encourage students to focus on the lectures during the class.

FILE EXCHANGE
File eXchange Protocol (FXP) allows you to copy files from one FTP server to another FTP server (two remote hosts)
using an FXP client. FXP removes the middle step of transferring files from one FTP server to your local machine then
to the second FTP server. The data transfer rate is also independent of your own Internet connection speed as it is
based on the connection speed between the two hosts, which is usually faster than a user's own Internet
connection. Since FXP provides a direct connection between the two hosts, users are unable to see standard FTP
information in their client software such as transfer progress and connection speed. Usually you will see only a
successful or failed transfer message. To use FXP, the remote servers must support PASV mode and allow PORT
commands to foreign hosts.

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Risk

Enabling FXP support can make a server vulnerable to an exploit known as FTP bounce. As a result of this,
FTP server software often has FXP disabled by default. Some sites restricted IP addresses to trusted sites to
limit this risk.

KNOWLEDGE NAVIGATION SERVICE

it is a personalized navigation service which supports the process of self-learning and is based on the
Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). In particular, this system allows to evaluate the learning
performance, by figuring out of the already learned information and those that is to learn or review again.

Improving knowledge navigation with adaptive hypermedia.

Web applications provide access to a tremendous amount of information: hypertext, hypermedia and on-line
databases. However, since users' knowledge, motivation and goals are different, they cannot find the
relevant information in the data being diffused. Adaptive hypermedia is one way of returning information
adapted to the user. Adaptive hypermedia is a preliminary approach to the vast problem of user access to
knowledge.

DISCUSSION GROUP
A discussion group is a group of individuals with similar interest who gather either formally or informally to
bring up ideas, solve problems or give comments. The major approaches are in person, via conference call
or website. People respond comments and post forum in established mailing list, news group or IRC. Other
group members could choose to respond by posting text or image.

Some online discussion group are as:

 Google group

It has been built to be one of the major online discussion groups with a wide range of worldwide frequent
users.

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  Facebook group

It simplifies processes and protects privacy of users when they interact with people.

 Whatsapp group

Whatsapp, is a mobile SMS and messaging app, it features the function of group discussion as well. Users
set group chats to boost the convenience of a proper group discussion. With shared characteristics to
Facebook group, the instructions are comparatively similar. Common actions for administrators include:
creating group, renaming title, blocking members, deleting irrelevant information through the management.

Academic discussion group

 Small group of professionals or students formally or informally negotiate about an academic topic within
certain fields. This implementation could be seen as an investigation or research based on various academic
levels. For instance, "one hundred eighty college-level psychology students" breakdown into different groups
to participate in giving an orderly arrangement of preferred events. Nevertheless, discussion groups could
support professional services and hold events to a range of demographics; another distinguished example is
from "The London Biological Mass Spectrometry Discussion Group", which sustainably operates by gathering
"technicians, clinicians, academics, industrialists and students" to exchange ideas on an academic level. It
attributes to the development of participants' cognitive, critical thinking, and analytical skills.

SMART CLASSROOM
A Smart Classroom is a traditional lecture style teaching space that has available technological equipment
that can be used to aid and enhance instruction of a course. These classrooms are also called Digital or New
Media classroom.

Classrooms are categorized based on the equipment available:

 Advanced Smart Technology: Features a smart podium with a touch panel control system, PC and
laptop connection, document camera, DVD/VCR Player, projector, and screen.
 Intermediate Smart Technology: Features a smart podium with a control panel, PC and laptop
connection, projector, and screen. May also have an overheard transparency projector.
 Basic Technology: Includes a laptop connection, projector, DVD/VCR player, and screen. May also
have an overhead transparency projector.

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COMPONENTS AND THEIR OPERATIONS

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When the document camera is turned on and the ―doc cam‖ button is pressed on the teacher‘s station,
whatever the camera sees will be routed to the projector.
Some classrooms have SMART Sympodiums instead of document cameras. They act like a regular
computer monitor, but when the SMART Board software is running, the stylus can be used to ―draw‖ on the
special Sympodium monitor, left-click, or erase.
After the Classroom Performance System ―response pads‖ are purchased and registered online for the
course, they can be used in the room where the computer is registered and the software and receiver are
installed. The teacher can have students start pressing buttons to show their presence or answer a verbal
question, or questions can be prepared ahead of time for surveys and quizzes that can be instantly graded in
class by the computer software.

SIGNIFICANCE IN TEACHING

 Smart Classrooms can enhance content and presentation

 Students respond well to video clips illustrating a concept –YouTube
 PowerPoint presentation which reviews the major points of the lesson.
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 With the computer's desktop being projected relevant Internet sites can add variety to any lesson.

 Empower students
 Student presentation using PowerPoint
 Show their assignments and discuss them

 The components of a smart classroom allow professors more freedom, save time, and make some
teaching aids possible that were not before.
 Classrooms will become more interactive. Teachers will be able to teach more efficiently and more
effectively.
 Teachers are able to enjoy greater freedom and control over the classroom with more user-friendly
technology. It‘s very easy for a teacherr to bring their own computer into a classroom (or access their
data from a network drive, USB key, CDs, etc.), adjust the lighting, and walk and talk while
controlling the presentation.
 It is to simplify the work for teachers so they can focus on teaching and keeping students more
involved.
 On the other hand, other people making presentations—faculty, staff and students—enjoy the vast
array of new possibilities presented by a smart classroom.
 Using the document camera, an art teacher can quickly put student‘s sketches up for all to see.
 A chemistry teacher could project a small plastic model of a molecule onto the screens. Then the
teacher could take a snapshot on the computer and use the SMART Sympodium to make annotations
on the screen to label parts of the image.
 Then the CPS could be used to deliver a pop quiz to students or survey them to keep the students
involved.

 Today‘s students and businesses are rapidly becoming more and more technologically inclined.
Students adapt quickly to new technologies, just as they will be expected to in the professional
world. Cameras, remotes, and wireless devices are all common technologies that result in more
engaging learning for students and adaptation to a variety of learning styles

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