Electronic vehicles

Introduction :-
EV is a vehicle that uses more than one electric motors for propulsion. It is
powered by a collector system with electricity from extravehicular sources or it
can be powered by a battery installed in it. The evolution of Ko first happened
in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for
motor propulsion , which provided a level of comfort and ease operation which
was not achieved by gasoline cars.
Now in this 21st century, EVs have been seen a resurgence due to the
development in technology and a more increased focus on renewable energy
and reduction in the amount of pollution which after all is affecting the climate
change and environmental issues , ultimately leading to Global Warming.
Government of many countries played a vital role in the adoption of electronic
vehicles by giving incentives and various schemes and subsidiaries , which lead
to a growth to a good amount of market share of EV in 2010. Government all
over the world has collectively set a goal for increase in use of EV by 30% till
2030.
Fuel use in vehicle design
Vehicle type Fuel used
All-petroleum vehicle Most use of petroleum
Regular hybrid electric vehicle Less use of petroleum, but unable to
be plugged in
Plug-in hybrid vehicle Less use of petroleum, residual use of
electricity
All-electric vehicle Exclusively uses electricity
(BEA,AEV)

How dose it works ?

When the pedal is pushed,
1. The controller in EV gathers energy from the battery.
2. Controller then delivers the appropriate amount of electrical energy to the
motor.
3. Electric energy is then transforms into mechanical energy.
4. Wheels turns, vehicle starts to moves.
Existing manufactures of EVs:-
1. Tesla
2. Saturn vue
3. GM’s chevy volt
4. TATA
5. Hyundai
6. Mercedes
7. Mahindra
8. MG
Benefits of EV:-
Drive motors run faster than internal-combustion engines. The noise emission
from electric engines is very low almost to no noise. Electric vehicles dose not
produce any greenhouse gases or carbon emission. The electric drive motor is
very robust and requires very little maintenance. Electric drive motors has a
very high level of efficiency upto 95%. Electric drive motors has a very
excellent torque and output characteristics. When the vehicle is braked the
motor can also be used as a alternator that produces the electricity which can be
used to charge the battery of the vehicle. The energy is only supplied when the
user needs it. Apart from the reduction gearbox on the electric drive motor, the
EV does not require any lubricating oil. In short, EVs has many advantages and
has maximum utility.
Drawbacks :-
Electric vehicles has a limited range due to battery size and construction.
Charging a high voltage batter can consume a lot of time , depending on the
battery charger and power sources. The network of electric charging stations is
snot so wide till date so the driver has to plan his trip accordingly , if the
destination is beyond the EV range.
India’s roadmap for electric vehicles :-
Challenges :-
1.) Range anxiety - Range anxiety is one of the crucial challenges ahead of the
growth path for electric vehicles in India. The EV customers are often worried
about the vehicles capability to reach point B from point A before the battery
runs out.
2.) Consumer perception - The consumer perception about electric vehicles in
India is still weak compared to ICE vehicles.
3.) High price - Electric vehicles are way more expensive than the conventional
fuel-powered counter parts. For example, the Tata Nexon price starts
from ₹7.19 lakh, while the Tata Nexon EV price starts from ₹13.99 lakh.
4.) Scarce battery technology - The lithium-ion battery is the most popular and
widely used energy source for EVs. India doesn't produce lithium. The country
doesn't produce li-ion batteries either.
Advantages :-
1.) Low cost of ownership - It is a proven fact by many researches that EVs
offer way lower cost of ownership in their lifecycle compared to fossil fuel
powered vehicles. At times, the cost of ownership for an EV is as lower as 27%
than a fossil fuel vehicle.
2.) Easier to maintenance - An internal combustion engine usually contains
more than 2,000 moving parts on the other hand EV contain around 20 moving
parts. The only major components in an EV are the battery and the electric
motor.
3.) Cleaner environment - The most obvious advantage of adopting electric
mobility is the cleaner environment. Electric vehicles does not emit any
pollutants into the air like their ICE counterparts.

Acknowledgement :-
Thanks to technological enhancement , EVs are getting greener all the time and
the people all around the globe are adopting accepting the change which have to
be brought for reduction in pollution and ultimately global warming and bright
future of future generations. The batteries used in the EVs are now becoming
more and more powerful durable and has good capacity. India being a
developing country has all started to adopt EVs and has planned out and
implemented various schemes and subsidiaries for the owners of EVs. Apart
from this OLA has also took the biggest initiative to produce electric scooters.
The future is going to be fully electric and it has started from EVs and Electric
scooters which will contribute a big amount to save our earth.