D - Block element

By

Bishwajit Prabhakar
 -

theireuamnploun.de#
-

Elements (d Block )
Transition
-

electronic configuration of
* the general 2
on so
-

' -
'

is (n 1) d
elements
-

these

3d-Transiticnelements.se Ti v er Mn Fe

26 IF
co Ni

28
ey

29
zb

30
25
24
22 23
It

A 2

tart 3d 4S
foe
:

•
-

East 3d 45L
Ii :

: EArJ3d44s2 CX )
Er '

[ ArJ3d%s Crj
[ Art
349452 (X )
£44 :
" '
( V)
[ Art 3d 4S
i

.
 Ni
34 "
Se Ti v er Mn Fe co cu 2b

're ?; ?.hr?.9.a:ig
44 :* zr "

w
sauna
Ac

That at aims if
F
fates wer
① agist Mi Cy 2b
er Mn Feed
v
Se Ti

(Tea )

÷:
I
.

Sc Kyte

÷
'

La

Ac

-
¥÷÷÷
¥1 !
Mn HT

"

Re
,
 between electropositive
Transition element lie
→
electronegative
P bluey
-

and
S - bloc 's elements
the periodic table .

element in

called Ferrous
and Hi are
→ Fe co
, ,

all strongly attracted

metals .
they are

and are ferromagnetic

by a
magnet
Pt are called
Ir and
→ Ru ,
Rh .
Pd ,
Os .

platinum metals .

called coinage
are
and Au
→ cu ,
Ag
metals .

are d- bloag
elements
All transition elements
d- block
→

but the
elements ,
elements .

not
transition
are
most widely
and
-

→ Most abundant
is inn
metal
Used transition
transition metal
→ synthetic
The only
is Te .

not a
are
→ - n ed ane ng
,

transition
elements .
 respective elements ( s and P -

block
→ In
electron are present
elements ) the valence
shell white in
the outermost
only in
electron
the valence
elements
transition as
outermost shell
in the
are present
of penultimate Shell
.

well as d- orbitals

(
g

g.
Se : [ Arjzd
4S
Enna!
=± Block
"

:
"

v. e- d

onidaticn State
variable
+

Element outer electronic onidatias state

configuration
'
Sc 3d 452 -12 +3

Ti 392452 -12 ,
-13 , -14

N 3dB 45L +2 , -13 , -14 ,

-15

or 3rd 5451 + I ,
-12 ,
-13
,
-14
,
-15
,
-16

Mn 345452 -12
,
-13 .
-14
,
45
,
-16 -17
,
Fe 346452 -12 ,
-13 ,
-14 .
-15
,
-16

Co 397452 -12 , -13 . -19

Hi 3DS test +2 -13

,
,
tf

cu 3d " USA ti +2
,

¥t
 Metallic character
#
I
are metal
elements
.

All transition
→
value of their
Low
to
Reason : - duo
electrons
can eaisly
as
imitation energies ,

to form
Mt or M -12

lost by them
be
cation
Increase
.

character .

to bottom metallic
→ Top
and
conductors of heat

→ they are good 4-

existence
of the
electricity because
presence of free
bonding (
sie
Metallic
Mobile electrons )
elements
④ the atoms of these
Among exceptionally
cu and Au show
,
Ag electrical conductivity
and
.

high thermal

-9 Transition elements Exhibit good mechanical

hard malleable
ie they are ,

properties
and ductile .
they have high enthalpies

point
of atomization , high meeting
and
Boiling point .
 and W are very hard
Mn
G : -
why or
,

not
metals but Zn ,
ed and
hey are

hard 9 .

electron Inc
af unpaired
Ansi -
As the no

=
t .

band Fnc
No af metallic

t .

of bond Inc
Strength
t.

Inc
Hardness

maximum
unpaired
Cr Mn and w has
do not
my
,

en ed and
while
electron
,

electrons
any
unpaired .

have

of atomisatius
I- The enthalpies

transition metals
are
high
of
.

the
 Atomic Radius
=
3rd to 6th
from
It decreases gradually
La ) er )
to
group ( se

nuclear charge makes

increased effective
the and hence
Size
Reason ÷
- Shrink
in
atom to
the decreases .

the Size of atom

almost
radii value remain
the atomic
Lb ) )
to group
" th ( er to cu

constant up

Screening effect
to the
duo
Reasons : -

Ln 1) d electrons
the
magnitude
caused
,

by
-

and as
decreases
of nuclear charge does
atom
the size of the
a result ,

cu
not much from or to .

of each series
element
←S the last
in its atomic
increase
Shows an

radius .

( ex : - 2h
.
cd .
ng )

Ni cu 2h
co
Se Ti v er ran Fe
'
d5
'
d5
'

d d d

Fifty
 electron repulsion
•
Upto Mn ( 3d 545J electron -

Picture because there

does not come into

in 3d orbitals

pairing of
electrons
-
.

is no
element from
However in case of the
in
of electrons
Fe to 2h
,
the pairing hence
place and
3rd orbitals takes
repulsion are
produced .

electron -
electron
in electron - electron
the increase
How
atom to expand
repulsion makes the

in size while the nuclear charge many

In the element
tie atom to Shrink .

effect
from Fe to Cy ,
these
opposing
counterbalance other and
almost each

in
hence there is no major change

going fwm
re to cu
Size
.

on
 variation of atomic radii in a given

group :

transition Series is more

La ) Radii of 2nd
transition Series
radii of Sst
than
down
no Increases
the atomic
Risen : - As
increases
f Shell
.

the group ,
no

Series
2nd transition
Cb ) Radii of
Series
3rd transition
Z Radii at

TiLE2rxH→
-
contraction
Lanthanide
Reasons .
-
 Atomic volume and densities
#
-

transition elements
the atomic volume of
→ their
than those f
Lower
are much
bloc elements
and P 's
.

8
neighbouring
atomic volume
in
Duo to decree
→ Increases
these element
the density of
have quite
elements
→ the transition soul
writ
corresponding
high density
block elements
p
.

down the group

density Increases
→ the
is Sc and
metal
transition
→
highest transition element
heaviest and dense t
and Irnidium .

is osmium
 Ionization potential / Ionisation Energy
=
of the d- bloag element

< is The I. p of must

and p block
S
- .

lie in between
as we
Increases
the value of I. E
Cii ) to right
in each

left
move
from
Series
to
proceed from top
we
Liii ) when
E value
3rd I
group
-

bottom in ,

decreases
as Sea > , Tzg ) last .

H ) Ti 3d O

ar
ud O
ng 54
O
Ionization Energy f Sd - series

G : - First than those

transition metal
are
higher
and ad series explain
af zd

A¥gdy3d7T
 af 5d elements
electron
-

The valence Shell

effective nuclear charge
Experience greater
ant ad element duo to
than Sd
Sebshecl electrons
shielding of Uf
.

poor

point
point
and Boiling
# Melting
-

)
matte
Ha →

*
Se : tar ] 31452
Hat Fe
- " '
. .
.
. .

e
-

;
e
Mj't
-
-
-
- -

Hat .

transition demons
→ the M.p and B. p of the

duo to the fact

are
generally very high
metallic
that these elements have
story
thine atom
bonding between .

Increases
electron
of unpaired
→ As band the no

of metallic
strength point
melting
,

hence
increases and

Increases .

series
we move along a particular
→ As
electron upto
number of unfair
Since the
and series )
Jst Series ) Molin
CV ( in .
 series)
and W ( in 3rd

the large
difference in
melting
explain
Q :-
and 2h ( 420°C )
of )
.

( 1920
-

c
Cr
point
 IF catalytic properties ÷
-

transition
Some Important catalyst having
metals .

Tick, # ⇐ nslzal
catalyst
:

Hatta
→ Zeigler
-

in

catalyst
: ha
-

Pdf Basoq
Lind lay 's of quinoline
→ presence

→ Wilkinson
's catalyst : [ Rhlphspjze J ,

Adam's catalyst : Pt/pto

→

: Nickel boride
catalyst
→ Brown's
catalyst )
( P-2

metals
and their
transition
Tt Most of the
act as catalyst .

are found to
Compounds
in the manufacture
as a
catalyst
→ pt - used

of hasoq
in the manufacture
catalyst
→ Fe - used as a
Smail amount
A
Haber process .

of any by as a promoter
added
.

is
of Molybdenum
catalyst in the hydrogenation
→
Hi - used as a

of oil .
 Chemical properties
=

• oxides :
- -
metal oxides are :

the transition
In general ,

atom
is in low onidatias
the metal
La > Basic ,
if

state .

is in
atom
the metal
if
(b) Amphoteric
oxidation state .

intermediate
cnidarian state
if it is high .

Ce ) Acidic

- Amphoteric
Basic Mncs
Ex : -

Feo → ,

Ninoy ( Acidic

halide
¥
:@ > Transition metals
to
reacts

form
with

halides
halogens
.

temperature
at high

different reactivity of
order of
Lb ) the
is as
halogen
Br > I
F- y ee >
bromide
while chloride .

ionic
le ) Fluorides are

covalent
predominantly
.

and Iodides are

onidatiu state
of metals in Higher
9) Halide and get hydrated easily
a re
relatively unstable ,
 # General group trends in the
chemistry
Metals :
of Transition

zirconium and Hafnium

Group 4 : Titanium ,
( Hf)
←

( Ti )
ter )

state for this

onidation
stable
G) Most
is -14
group
.

Hafnium occur together

Zirconium
and
Lb ) their atomic

Similar properties .

and Exhibit duo to lanthanide

almost same
radii are

contraction .

and tantalum
vanadium Niobium
Group 5 : ,

Ta
- -

w
Hb

all the onidatia

elements exhibit
19 ) these
+5
state from +1 to

as an additive
Vanadium is used
(b)
steel and also used in the
to
catalyst
form of Los as
.

and tungsten
molybdenum
Groupie chromium ,

: -
,

( w
)
-

Ccr ) Xo )
 important onidatim state fever = -13.tt
La > Most
onidaticn state of Mo and
most
important
↳
+5 -16
W are ,

point
and boiling
⇐S very high melting
low temp
at
is unreactive
) chromium
of
abundant element
is most
Le ) chromium

this group .

technetium and Rhenium

Grouped .
Manganese ,

( Tc ) ( Re)
( Mn )

the
onidatian state
all
& ) Element exhibit

+7
fwm 0 to

M.p ad B p
-

have quite high

(b) Element
the manufacture
is used in
4) Mn metal
and
of allows such as ferromanganese
bronze .

cramps
.a I Far It iron
are known as
these metals
⑨
group metals .

and Mi called ferrous metals

① Fe ,
co ,
 Nature
→ They are ferromagnetic in

Silver and gold .

← :
copper ,

are
known
as coinage
these metals
a)
metals .

metals
with many
Cb > They
form alloy
best conductor
the
are
metals
these
and electricity
of
.

heat
in combined state
occur
as metals
state
as well as free .

www.# Zinc
,
cadmium and Mercury .

d) Element do not show properties

of transition metals .

state
-
+2
oxidation
-

(b) common

to meta meter
duo
-

⇐ J kg ,

+ I onidatiasteh
ad Show
band form

⑨ these all are diamagnet

 metals
# Important compound of Transition .

Lii ) kmnuq Ciiij Feely

< is Kacraof

Compounds of
chromium
-
Konerko't ) :

dichromate (
Li > potassium
ore : Feeback,
• Chromite
chromite ore (Feasa)
obtained from
is
kgcraof
steps :
in following
with molten ltaacoz
¥75 chromium
is fused when Hoyer og
of air
in the presence water
and are
formed . Feaoz is

Feyog water soluble

is
insoluble while Hagerty
is done
Separation
.

hence

d- tf.gg -18cg
8 Hagerty
4 Fecrgnoq +8M£ coz -1702

acidified
Aqueous solution of itoycroq
is

Slept : -

when is
formal .

Hageby
- Haycraft HGS # tho
Itagcroq t hgsoq
 soluble and less
Steph ltagcrgoy is more

stable than tacky hence Hager, of

to reaction with
K£307 on
charges
KCI .

→ k£207 t I Haq
-12 Kei
Hager, of
""
""
"

"' +
"
"

:,
properties
# Igt

1kaczozttgsu.IT#sfgcsoqgg+cracso4btIssu4o
→

( You
-11584 tho
S t cracsuq }

"" "

raise, # issue, tho

↳ so,
x

Hgs og t
CI (Sog ) -115250241 tho
,
•

Heated Oz
+
1- CIOs
kacrog
B-
|kgczoTs
-
kscrug
# cgoIIw
Yellow orange
orange
Rhl¥g
crystalline
ey + era, + ka
thro
Solid
( slow R
=

=
 →
HIGH + Hase,
③ Kirsty +

Fecaoq + tzsoq →
+

② 1<2%07
 kgcrao-tcraoy-2-H-yc.pt Green
orange

czojt-scrof-ellow-X-craof-cs.CH
-
"
tht →

Iz Ean
'
StepI_ 42 ,

"
→ ey3+
craoy

Goat -
Coz

step II Matter Balancing

Croat - Left
↳ 042
-

- doz

step #
oxygen Balancing
'
2cr3+ 7h20
-

+
→
crrgoy
2-

czoq -
2cL
 step I ÷ hydrogen Balancing
-1
@ v3
ergot 7h20
+
-

14h +
- +

202
-

eyoqf →

step E : charge Balancing

6¢ -1 144+-1 Croft →
Ici -1 + 7h20

+*÷÷:÷÷ + 710

2-
7kg504 - + 4- Sog

Kacraof - 2kt +
cI0jf

÷÷÷+*.÷÷::÷÷÷ .

+ cz(Sog} -166L -1740

→

* KIWI -1 Festa +
nasoq →
 * chwmslchlm.de#t-

t;÷÷÷¥¥¥→
• conehasuq
#
"
-

¥1 "

Kgcraof

② I

③
iÉ÷¥%::T¥=E:¥ Yellow liquid

eBook

⑨
|§±Pb(
Telloweig
→

Y¥
yeuowsd
①

ko
-
i

Ff
-
o
-4¥ -
ok 1- Hasoq
-
no ,9% -
o
-

gtfo ,

Etɥ
i
i
,¥Ñ;
"
② not +10 -

no
"
on

Had + ↳ so ,
→
ñ¥i+gsuq
③

⑨ a
"
II. + area
→
¥k :
o
ergo ,

( chromyl chloride)
" "

Red
SALT
O
C '

iron
✗
'
⑤ er
t.ci
+ Haole →
oh
g-
f. Navy

(
0
" at
-

Yellow liquid]
gyro
T
-

" Hat
o

|Pbco ]
"

⑥ croat + Pb →

Yellowing
 ⇐ road , -1310
t2Knsu4
① kgczoytftlgs.ua +41499 →

c- 4Hansug

t2Hac ' 1- 2h20

Hagerty
② 4 Naomi eroge , L -

Yellow

Pbccnzcoohj, pbcroeitteazcuoixg
③
t
Itagcroq Yellow

compound of CV :

Important
# Some

orange .

① Kacraof
Yellow
② Pbcrog
Red
Pbo
③ Pberog
.

pbcrogi-FeEFecem7fJGereen@Znerog.znc
④
.ms .
to green

orange
⑦ crony acid)
(chromic

Red Broun
⑧ kzifcrogj
- .
 G: -

why k£107 is preferred over itagcrgoy

in analysis although both are

volumetric ,

oxidants . 9 .

and cannot
Sol ? -

maggot
is hygroscopic in
- standard
be used as primary
analysis
volumetric
.

react with
what happens ahem k£307

Hsg 9
medium
.
.

acidic
Ci > In strong medium
acidic
.

In less
Liis
medium .

alkaline
In
Ciii)

compound a re formal
Som : -

① perono

-czoF -1211++44202 → Zero ( 022

Commer
1- 5h20

Deep violet

acidic medium violet

Lii > In less ,

Fero (g) on]

-

is
coloured common

formed .

tetraperoaofcrgpe.fi
alkaline medium
In
Ciii ,
is formal
 Compound of Mn
-

Ckmnoq ) :
potassium permanganate
*

prepared from Mncs

is
kmnog
Preparation : -

)
( pyrolusite
.

1- Kei -110
Slept b- kgMn0g
=
KOH t Kelly
Mno , + green
-

and Kel 03
Koh
fused with
kamnoq)
Manganate (
is
- Ming ,

when potassium green

or King ,

is formed
or KNO,
act as a
onidizing
→ Kaos

agent
.

extracted with
The fused mais is

green Crewe, )
Step #
"

is
solution
Teater and
is
parsed kamnog
is
⑨ when eco gas
onidized to Kmnoq ( Purtle )

2K Mnog
-72161 1-

2kg thug +
Clg
 * Kmnoq is a better onidiziry agent
Kock 07
than .

acidic Medium
°
In
-12
Mn
-
KMnu4 Colouring
purple

Neutral Medium / Basic medium

•
In
MNOL
-3
KMn0g Buff
/ Brownii
't

medium
Basic
•
In strongly

→ Kanno 4
Krlnoq
Green
=

Reaction
balanced
the
complete
# write Rkn 's
of the following
→
+ Hgwy Thasos,
Kmnog
⑨
Fe Sog t task, →

⑤
+
K Mnoq
 tgsoq →
⑨ Kmnoq t Hagger, t

'
b. b
'
: Ean
Stet
-

Mn+2
14h05 -

Con
Goat
-

step # ÷ Matter Balancing

ninth
-

Mnoq -

£042
-

- 2902

Step # is
oxygen Balancing
rent 2+41120
-

Mn0q -

£042 Icon
-

SHP E : -
Hydrogen Balancing
8h 't Mnoq- - Mnt 't 4h20

£042 2cg
-

-
 Step
-
I
Charge
-
Balancing
JXZ
¥
'
-

-
Mnt -1430
Sent + Mnog

goat
- 202
- X5
-

It M¥5 -15/542--2 Mnt 't lock -1810

8soq2
-

- +
8 Has og
I KMn0g
-
2kt t
2Mno4f
-
locket c- 55042-1
5 Hasso q
-
8%504 → I
Mnsog tissue, -1514150g
kmnoqt 5149244
t
I

1- loco , t
8h20
 In acidic Medium
-

+ "°
Mnsoq -118504 the + "" "
coat *
+ "" "

4qg
|
-
Kmnoqttgsuq
Flack, }
-1 Minsk tkasoqttzo

Yo
µfn /
s Minsk tkgsuq
1- hag
incl ,

Kasuga
,, µ ,
tyg , + mnsoe,
t

NI
=

K Hoz Mnsuq -118504410

"

Xgt Mnsuqthgsog 1-
no

Neutral Medium
In
#
tho
S + Mnozt KOH

|
-
#7
KMnu4 tho -
Ms Sog Mno
,
t kgsog t Hasug

¥4 etagsua + St Mnozt Koy

Inalkalmedim
kHz -1 Mnoztkoy

|KMnoqtko#
- ey
-

- cu
Chim
-
,

Bayer 's reagent dis - on

 can be obtained from
G : -
How Kmnuq
and Khoy 9
Mhs KOH .

,
Green
THO + KO
→ K2Mn4
AM :
Koy & Kwong
-

Mno +

Is
← ,

Kmnuq
( purple ,

and Khoy
KOH
Equi molar quantities f Mnoz ,

reaction minters
melted and the
are
solidify to give
to
is allowed kmnog
produce
of Karina -

( which
Mars
green
upon heating ) ,

would occur if a
An accident
g: -
in conc tiasoq
dissolve kmnoq
student Explain
Hasog
of dilute
.

instead
concentrated tgsog
reacts with
Ans : kmnoq
highly
-

isa
= which
form Mnzof
to
which
Exploded
Substance
Explosive
18504 t M£7 tho
-
2KMn04 TISH

qmnzon.at#4Mnozt30w
 IRON ( Fe )
#

chloride ( Feely )
: -

Is : Ferric

chloride ( Feels Gray

Hydrated ferric
-

C)
preparation : hydroxide
-

iron

can be prepared by dissolving nel

in dit .

or ferric chide
Felon )z
→
2
Feels + 6h20
• 2 Felony -16ha

→ 2. Feely -1310
+6 HCl
• f-egg

be prepared
Lii) Anhydrous ferric chloride may

as :

dry ) Feels
• He +392 (

→ Feel, -112ha +650L

65092
• Feely Gtfo
. +
 Properties
I

of hydrated salt
Feely forms a number
{ is
and 4 molecules of water
6 5
12 7
having
,
, ,

of crystallization .

soluble
salt is Yellow highly
Cii ) Anhydrous
,

in water

acidic duo to
Aqueous solution is
Its
)
hydrolysis .

Feels t tgo →
Felon, t
31€

a
Liv ) It sublimes at zaic giving
dimeric gas .

Cl
e , . C '
I /
zoo
Fe
\ I
2 Feely -
Fe
/ \ / Ic Cl ,
Ci

( dimeric gas)
-

ether and water

dissolve in both
A) Feels
species
Solvated monomeric
.

giving hydrated

I
czh5 Telly
""
→ =

n
.
.. [ felhaokceuJ.cl 240 -
 properties
←D
oxidising
# he ,
t Feast
s
# test hc ,

|fQ
t
tissue,

-, snug t Fe " u

1492540ft Tech -1 Macy

(vi ) complete formation

#

Isis: :
"

f-
ion
so
*
- fee ( seals]
Blood Red colour

↳ [ Fetsch ) Chaos]
Red colour
Blood
-

( scaled
•
f-else Hb Ie ( sat ) hoots )
(
,
@ e.

ummm
,

1. F-
"

Ite Fs ) faded -
colour
 Kaffee HIT
Feclz ( Fe -13J
with
Reaction of
•→

( potassium
forrocyanate ) .

*
I
], ]→ ÉÉ[iÉ( cuz]
Kaffee
" ,

•
feels -1

Kq[FETCH )sJ→kÉe[É"KHJoJ+kc
±
"
,

→ feel, +

is also Povduiel When

•→ A deep colour

kz[ Fee )o ]
"
-12 reacts with
fe
Potassium
ferricyanate

] kÉ[tÉccak]
Fesoatksltee ]
" →
,
blue
Turnbull 's
 sulphate or green vitro
Ctestbo ) .

# Ferreous
dissolving
scrap
is obtained by
→ It
iron in dilute Mask, .

- Fesoq thao
Fet hgsug

is obtained
sulphate
→
Commercially ferrous Pyril
,

oxidation of iron

the slow moisture

by and
of
.

air

in the presence

2ft 504 t 2850g

2. Teg -1702 1-
2h20 →

→ properties

}
I

Feaesog
r

Light Green
-
|Fesuqr7h , hydrolysis
Felon )z those
( Acidic solution)

trio
→
reset
white
* is
:S;÷÷t
Tecmo ) Sog
Broun Ring
-­
 Reducinypwperties.g #Fe2(s4b+MnS0q-ls oq+tzo
#

cracsoa }-11859+10
|fesof%+É pejsoq }
+

ANY Fealsoa )gt NO + H2O

fealty } -1 Aut
tag
 chloride solution become blue when
ferric
g:
-

is added to it why ?
kaffe.CH/gJ solution
.

801h : -

[ Fete )b ]
" -1121<4
Feq
3kg5 Fe ( cliff
→ ,
4
Feely +

Potassium ferrocyanide
with
chloride reacts
Ferric
Prussian blue
.

to give
is
solution of Feely
the Aqueous
: -

acidic . Why ?
3. he /
A¥ → Fe (only -1

Feels + 311,0
water
to form acidic
in
Feels hydrolyses
Solution .

Unstable but
Iodide is very
g. ÷ ferric not
is
.

chloride
ferric

2I- →
212+2 + Iz
& pets +

reducing agent
-

is
a stronger -13 is
ion
I CT ion . Fe
to
in comparison ion
iodide .

reduced by
easily
 Cannot be obtained
Anhydrous Feel,
g : -

ferric chloride
by hydrated
heating
why 9 .

6h4 -1 9h20
Ads 'T FIG -1

2 Feels 6h20 .

water
solution of Feel, in

g : - A
brown precipitate on standing .

gives a

brown
hydrolases to fire
AI Feels
ppt of felon )z .

-1
3h
Felon }
-1
→

Fe→ + 310

Bragg : - Sn

appreciable
-12 and Fe+3
concentration
cannot

in
exist

the same
in

Solution .

redone
Fé3 Show
sn+2 and
A-
Reaction .

-13 → sit -1212+2

Ie
fit +
 Copperas
vitro
er Blue
Copper sulphate
I :

( cusoq . 5h20 )

?
preparatory
-

copper scrap

is prepared by treating
4) It acid
with
sulphuric
or turning
→ Cassy 4h20 45oz
Cy + Qngsoe,

is react with ngsvq

onide
Ii ) cuprous

case + Got Cy
+ tzsuq → ,
Cuyo

Liii) By Toasting copper pyrites ,

Cates -

in air

cafes, -140 ,
→ cysoq + Fesoq
insoluble
fern-com.ae
removed as
Fesoq is
temperature
obtained at high
 sore
properties
100°C Cusua °cÉo
cysuq .
Hyo
> White fu
Bluish-white

4h20
☐
> R Cui
-
-1 eyot .

Brick Red
Fehliry Test
ppt

KILEY 'M ) -11<2804

> Iz + CyI ,

5h20
-

cysoq .

)
Kcal (
limited Cuca -1 @ 72
3-

.eu/&dlcHk,junsthbK-HhqoH(limi%ca(on1z-
]
'

( Excers )
④(
Kea
ca )
>
stable com ,

# a) IT "

°É> Leyland )
2-1
-

1- 20h
,

deep Blue scrim

☒ 925203
> cuz 5203

Ka[FeccHb ] ( Ca ), ] -11309
, cyz [ Fe
KENS
> Cu ( cash

cuz ( CHS )z
KCHS -150L
>

lszsoq . Cysoq
-

6h20

É(µnq7£soq -
Casey -830
 added to an
Excel af KI is

⑦ If -12
)
(
ion

solution of cusoq Cu
=
acidified onidatim 4- I
-

which
produced by
12 is
Cy+
"
ezIz)
( cut
or

earth to
reduce

→ ZCUI + Iz
-14kt
⇐ 450g white Pt

KI King
Ig 1-

can
be determine by
produced
I,
with
↳ to (1×925203) .

titration
21×41 -1 Haz Sqog
-

Ig 1- 21-1925203
be determined
)
can
'_ 2 salts
This cusoq ( Cu

iodo metrically .

Iz
= gmeyf
gm eqfcasuq
-

Hasty
8m eyf
=
of Iz
Jm ey
-

"

= Iz
= 14%303
cysuq
 ?
cy_pÉej .

prep
←

with zine
cupric chloride
* By heating
or 802 .

1- Zhel,

+ 2h
→ cycle
duck
•

→ (
42cL -12ha
-1
tzsog
+ 2h20
•
duct , + 502

Exceed f-
with
eusug
* By Boiling the presence
of Hel .

turning
in
Cu

Cheez
1- hasuq
-1 Incl →
Cusoq

+ ey
→ cycle
cucez
.

with Concha
excess of Cy
☒ By heating potassium
chlorate
of
in the presence
( oxidizing agent )
Kee -1 to ] )
( Koei →

to ] → luck -1 Uzo
Cy + attest

+ Cy
→
CIC / z
Chez
# properties ?
-

any

H g C 4 c 1 G n c 1 y H z C 4 C 1 @ a o t 0 i d g Lc u . c z . c a
>

( un ), ]
C. Basic cupric chloride
Ygelz
1 . Hel
call
> ,
-1 h2o
2.
onidiziryaofaf

g. net
cnet.CO
>
2- CO Addition Product

"

14h3 cycling )zC1 Cayce

y
Totten 's reagent cehitepR__

14904 + V20
> Cygo + Nacl

Red

has
> cages + ncs
Black Ppt
NaCl W KCI
>
, (+
qzcu Clay 81534214
Soluiblecvmllen
z­
q­
# Cupñconideuoj
preparation : by heating
-

air or
in
ego
→
By heating time
in air

Cu for a long
→ 2140
•
Cuyo
+
£02
→ 140
•
Zcy +
og
hydroxide
cupric
→ By heating
→ CYO + Hao
Cylon )y

copper nitrate .

→ By heating
↳ 2hr0 -141402 -10L
2cal Hoz) ,

commercial scale .
it is obtained
on a
→
malachite is found in nature
by heating
b- 440 * coz -1 hao
Cucoz .
Cylon ) ,
propertied :
HCl
> euclgttfo

nasoq
> cusoqthgo
Cao -

HH03
, ey(H0z)Ith20

1100
- boric

☐
> ego -10L

cut Bo

→ cut co

↳ catch

called Blue vitro /

is
→ cusoq sago
and
.

are
covalent
and Cabra
→ cuei
,

as polymers
Exist
ionic solid
is an
→ Catz
 white ppt
→ cusoq reacts with KI to fire
reaction is not
of CGIL . Such a

with KF Kel and KBV

possible
.

, ,

1- CGI,
+ IL
4 KI + Hussy
→ 2kg504
uhiteppt

→ Bu -12
feel, → cuci
, -14-792
dissolves in feels
A strip of copper ,

displace Fe .

ou cannot
however

-
 whereas cut 2 is blue
cyt colourless
9 : -
is

solution Explain 9
in aqueous .
.

configuration
"

cut has [ Arjzd

An completely filled .

d- orbitals
are
ie

is Red
and Cuyo
is Black electron
Cys unpaired
g : -

no
cut has
whereas
lets Explain 9
colour
.

and is

be explain
can
colour of Compian
Ans basis of
on the

d d transition theory
①
-

transfer
② charge
metal charge transfer

µ Ligand toLMG )
(
charge Transfer
(→ Metal to ligand
( MUT )
and cannot show

zd
"
configuration d- and
cut
having Cyo
and Cgs has
transition
d- d
.

respectively duo to charge

2 .

ion
g- 52 to the
0-2 and
transfer from have colour
.

orbitals of cut they

Vacant
 Icu Iqj
"
" but
Exist
9- The species [ cycle ] ,

does not .

Ans : -

I
-

im is a
stranger reducing
It reduces cuts

tag than
et ion .

ent covered
is
iodide
' hence
cut im
in to species
.

the
iodide -
thus
into cuprous
not
Exist .

[ cuIaj←
does

dissolves in Hhqoy
Capper Sulphate
g :
-

does not why 9

but Fesuq
.

Solution

[ culling ) ,]S4 -1440

AI cusnq +414404 →
•

deep Blue solution

-1214404 → Felon )zt(Hn¢Lsog

•
pesky Insoluble
hydride
ammonium
in the
Cabot dissolves common .

of copper
duo to formation with 14ham
to
reacts
sulphate does
not
Ferrous FECAL . It
insoluble
form with
Hixon .

Emblem
form
 soluble in ammonium
Copper hydroxide is
g: ( Harn) ?
-

not in sodium hydronide

hydroxide but

Ans : -
Cylon )a dissolves in Anacin by forming
←

a Commer .

-14 Anton
→ [ ' 44
"n3)aJ( only 1-
4h20
Cylon )y as no
in Naoh
insoluble
is
Cylon ) ,
is
formed .

complex
such

not in
but
in dit Haz
9: - Cy dissolves
Hel why 2
dit .

onidaticn
less
standard
Cu has
An than H and thus cannot

potential ( E :p ) However it
acids
from
.

liberate tz because Hauz

acid
in nitric
dissolves oxidant ]
is
onidisiny agent (

→ 344+0372-14101-2140
3. Cy + 8HH0z(dit )
 turns white on
Blue copper sulphate
Cf : -

?
heating . Why

sulphate ( easy 5h20 )

Hydrated
.

: copper
Ans -

water of
loses
blue which on heating
to form Anhydrous cusuq
crystallization
white
compound .

cusoq + 5h20
Cusuq .
Ingo

is

ionization energy of £4
9 : - First second
those of iqk white
than
higher lower . Explain .

energies
are
third
and
 with Solution
of KI reacts Cusoq
Q ; Excess
added to it
-

is
solution
and then Nagging incorrect for
is
statements
Which iof He

this reaction .

reduced
(a) Evolved Fz
is .

is formed .

(b) CUI
,

is
oxidized
4) Hcgszoz
.

is
formed .

(d) eye ,

compound Expected
9 : -
Which pair of is

in AL solution ,
Similar Colour
to Show

CUCI (b) VOCL ,

Cully
(a) Feely , ,

d) Tech , Much
d) VOCE ,
feel ,
 density

⑧
IF
¥4
:
day
n

÷
-

4¥
a*
-

ti¥¥
-

*E€Ea
:÷÷÷i÷÷ ¥¥
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