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in

Unit lll - (Numerical Differentiation and lntegration)

Part- A

1. State Newton's formula to find /'(r)using the forward differences

t.in
Solution: [A.U, A/M 2o11I
Let y = f(x) be a function taking the values /0,/r,...y, corresponding to
r0,.rr,..-r, of the independent variable x, Let the values of x be at equidistant
intervals of size h.

po
*.n 4 = !lo,
7, 14 =
", ff. o, r,, 3u2 - 611

1.2.3
+2
o'r. ...]
. -.t^
,l=--+(l)
.x
wnere
s
og
(1) Gives the vatues of 4 at any x, which is a non-tabular value. In
dx
particular at x = xt,u =O
Then putting l/ = 0 in (1) we have,
.bl

( ttv\ - _ _lt"_
rf r, ,r' I
| ;),,- 7 r,, I,",
r,rr"t .]
tas

l#). "=''''"' = ilu,, - 0," *flo'r, * ..]

2, Find 4 atr = I from the following table:
da

x: 1 2 3 4
1 a 27 64
vil

Solution:
lA.u. M/J 2o1ol
The forward difference table is as follows.
x A a" A'
1 1
Ci

7
2 B 72
19 6
3 27 1a
37
4 64

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(dv\ ll.
Ar a:
la).,= rY"-7t r:,t" I

l
(1)

Here , = l.ro =l-Lyo--7.L,yo=l2,A,yo-6

(,h,\ t(- 12 6\
t" = =,l.'-

t.in
l.a,./,_, t*r,J-'
3, write the form ula br 4 at , = rr0 using forward difference operator
dr
Solution:
lA.U. a/M 2O1OI
tdy\ rl a' n,

po
I
l;).,=r,t,^t= ,1",_ tr,.,tr,. I
4. Using Newton's backward difference formula, write the formulae
for
the first and second order derivatives at the end values ,
=,, upto the
fourth order difference term. s
og
Solution;
- IA,U, N/D 2006, N/D 2O1OI
We know that the Newton's backward difference
interpolation formlrja is

(*)._. = ;L,,.. :v,,. * 1a:a *

.bl

]
(#) #l*'' +\ *
-."
= + v' v
"
t' v'
l
tas

(#).-'=;Y*''*)o"'* f
5. By differentiating Newton,s backward difference
formula, find the
da

first derivative of the function /(x)

Solution:
[A.U. N/D 2O1o, N/D 2OOs]
vil

We Know that the Newton,s backward difference

interpolation formula is
y(x) = y(r, + nh) = y, +,vt" + h(ni-!v, 4!1p
n
y. * r, *...
Where z= I-a. Differentiating w.r.to x we get
Ci

,,,'=fr='rlo,".l':'lr',..1"' ':'"'), ,.-lt"q,. 'tt, '3)v y I

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6. Evaluate t\b by Trapezoidal rule, dividing the range into

4 equal
ix
,
parts,
Solution:
[A.U. M/J 20106, MIJ 20127

in
r-1
Herer= -2=l:
48'x
,,=1

ot.
xo
t4
=-=-,x, =l
. =f ,, =f ,-. =;.,, =*

..t8t888
\= i= i.yt= s.y,-_;.y, =i." sp =n
log
A = Sum of the first and the last ordinates

=!*9=,
48
s.b

B = Sum of the remaining ordinates =!+ 8 + q = 856

567210
'l!a,=!<e*zat=!f,*-tse,z) rr7l ^ ..-
ata

7. When does Simpson,s rule give exact resutt ?

Solution:
d

lA.u. M/J 2006I

Simpson's rule will give exact result, if the
entire curve.y = /(r)
vil

is itself
a parcbola y = f(x)
a. Why is trapezoidat rule so called?
Ci

Solution: lA.U. M/J 201ol

The trapezoidal rule is so called. because
it approximates the integral by the
sum of n trapezoids

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' ;i:":#;i:'il?.ffi f in""u"., in rrapezoidal rure of evaruatine

a

,:rjh: number of points of the

::ir-,::.l
rntegration)is increased, a bett(
base sesment b-a, (the ranse
of
to the area given bv the
aennite integrat ;i *
loiu,"""ilt ""toximation

in
";H[:"",[rtT trrors in Trapezoidat and simpson's rures
of numericar
solution:

ot.
[a.u. A/M 2oo3]
Error in Trapezoida I o)
rute lEl.@: h,. M in the intervat
1, ttr n=Q)

sp
Error in Simpsont rute lE .(!:3) ut M
r"r .- l80_ ^,
o
og
11, rn order to evatuate J.x& by simpson,s ] rule as well as by

3
Simpsont rule, what is the restriction on
8 the number of
.bl

intervals ?

Solutiont
lA.U. a/M 2oo4j
tas

Let n= interval

Rule : simpsont
] .ut" - The number of ordinates is odd (or) The
da

intervals number is even,

3
Simpson's
t rule + n is a multiple of 3
vil

12. using Trapezoidal rule evaluate

J,ir rr* by dividing the range into 6
equal parts
Ci

Solution:
lA.U. N/D 2OO4I
..JT
Ha.a Jr(j) = stn r., = -6

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'1.,t"*=!10"
r y,\+zly,, y, r... r-y" ,l

in
.

ot.
-j (o ro)r z(o.sr 0.866 I r r0.86b.0.5)l

= ! hoqs
t2'
=0.622r
sp
og
13. Write down the trapezoidal rule to evaluate
l"f {ia, *rrn n=o.s

Sotution:
lA.U. A/M 2OOsI
.bl

Ygr6 ,f(x) = l, = 0.S

tas

.'*\t* - L
(r
|I
By rormuta
Dy formula [(sum ofthe first anc, last ordinate) +2(remainjng ordinates)]
Z
2
lda

=)uol * I <r t'tl* z{1121+ 71t1+ 71t1+ 1s)+ f (6) + f (.1) + f (8)+/(e) + /(10)l
vi

14, Using trapezoidat rule, find kaY*

0 from the foJlowing set of values of
x and f(x)
Ci

Here h =1,y1= I.5(y, =3.64 s1s.,

Solution:

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A= Sum of the flrst and the last ordinates

= 1.56+10.44=12
B = Sum of the remaining ordinates

= 3.64+4.62+5.12+7.O8+9.22=29.6A

in
IIGW =:U +2Bl

ot.
h, I
= - lt2+ 2 x29.681_: < 7t.16 = 15.68
21

sp
15. Evaluate the antegral uFing Trapezoidal rule with two sub intervals.
og
p".u r(r) =
,*!; ana l=l=o.s
2

x I 1.5 2
.bl

0.5 o.3077 o.2

By Trapezoidal rule, we get

tas

'ftV=!r0"*t,)*2,,t
o5:_
_:
= lo.5+o.2+2(0.3077)1
da

= 9l [0.7+0.61s4]- 9{ tr.:rs+l=o.szas
vil

16. What is th€ general Newton-cotes quadrature formula ?

How is the
tEpczoidal rule its special case ?
solution: tA.u. A/M 2o11I
Ci

The general Newton-cotes quadrature fomula is

-itaw
: =,01, * !
L 2
*'@:-3t! *4!:?t t]
t2 24
., ...1
f"'
r,,,

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* This is also known as the general causs_Lagendre

s integration formuta. putting
n=1 and omitting second and hyper difference in the above,
s E!
we get

!n,ta, - f,Lno* lta tDl=!,b/,

:li
. * y,l which is the trapezoidal rule

in
17. What is the order of error in Trapezoidal formula ?
Solution!
Error in the trapezoidal formula is ofthe order i,

ot.
18. What is the order of error in Simpson,s formula ?
Solutionr
lA.U, A/M 2011I
Error in the Simpson formula is of the order i4

sp
19. Six sets of values of x and y are given (x ,s being equally
spaced ).
og
I ua*
Write the formula to get l-
Solution: la.u. A/M 2OOII
.bl

v)+2$t, + v, + vn + v,)l
!, =
:rt' +
tas

t
20. Evatuate
ltafx 1*-the tabte by simpson,s
3 rule

x 1 2 3 4
lda

flx) 1 B 27 74
f" f, f, f.
Solution:
lA.u. M/J 2Oo5I
vi

'!tav'
=lk ,rt, +3f, + f3l
Ci

=
f [r *:trt *:tzz; * o+1 =
Jr'rol = u..r,

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2l uslng simpson,s I
, rule evaluate llu, u** taking , = ,t = 0.5
Solutiont
lA.U. A/M 2Oo4,MlJ 2OO9, N/D 2013I

in
ot.
(TIT),o
sp
, = - r.i + 0.333 + 0.5) + (0.6 66i + 0.6667 +0.4
+ 0.4.)

+16(0.5)l
g
= lo.ozzaj (18.8669) = 0.s24s
blo
22. Compare Trapezoidal rule and I

numerical integration
Simpson,s rule t for evaluating
Solution:
In Trapezoidal rule, y is a linear function pf la.u. Ml ) 20o7l
.

x and it is least accurate result.

tas

I
In Simpson,s I rule , y is a potynomial of
dbgree two, and it is more accurate
result.

23. Estimated vatues of the integr i_!_ by Trapezoidal rule is 0,3953

da

", ir.+4
when h=0.25 and 0,3928 when h=O.125
Estimate the value of the
lntegral by Romberg,s method
Solutlon:
[A.U. M/J 2or1]
vil

Given 4 = 0.39sX4 =0.3926. By Romberg! method

t =t,*lQ,_t,\
Ci

= 0.3926+ I (0.3926 - 0.3953)

= 0.3926- 0.0009 = 0.3917

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24. The velocity of a particle which

starts from rest is given by the
followlng table

t(sec) o 2 4 6 8 10 12 t4 tr6 1a 20

in
o 16 29 40 46 51 32 1a a 3 o
Estimate using Trapezoidar .uru thm
Solution:

ot.
We know ,=4 where s is the distance travelled.
-dt
.. s= lvdt

i. Total distance travelled in 20 second. sp ;, , = Jvat

log
0

using trapezoidat rute, Judt =;lU" + y,")+z(y, + y, +...+ y")l

s.b

=)lo *z$e *zs * +o+ 46 + 5l + 32 + t8 + 8 + 3I

= 486 Feet
ata

=
25. using simpsont rute ri,.6 !'& nrr"., "' ''''
=2'72,e2 =7.39,e' = 20.09

eo = 54.6
and
d

Solutiont
vil

Let .y=e'and r=l

by Simpsont rule

*
Ci

='JU" + v.\+ 2y, ) 4(y,, y,lj

)"'

= (r + 54.6) + 2(7.3e + n(z..tz + zo.os)l

; 1
= 53. 8733 e, = 54.6

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26, If 4 = 0.7083 I, = 0.6970 find f using Romberg,s method

"n6
Solution: Rombergtformula 1=1.fti]
=0.6e70+lgq70-0.ro83

in
= 0.6932

ot.
27. State the Romberg.s integration
formula with t and O, . runnur,
obtain th formula when o, =,
ura 4 =
!

sp
Solution:
I,h:
[A'u' A/M 2o1o]
, -r,h,'
' - - hl-i-: where /r the vatue of the integrat with 4
og
1, the value of the integral i: "
with
t ht-h a h,=! *.s"r,-0,,;,,=t,,llr,_t,)
.bl

28, What is the condition for Simpsont

Solution: ] rule ana state the formuta ?
tas

lA.U, MlJ 2OI2,N/D zoO3I

Condition: The nuFrber of intervals should
be multiple of three
Formula:
da

" t th..
lytxrdx = + y")+3$t, + y, + yn + y, +...+ y,_,)+z(s,.,
T.LU' + y" +...+ y, ,)l

t3
vil

29. What are the errors involved in

Simpson,s
, and t rutes for the
erraluation of a definite integral of
the form J/GW -,
Ci

Solutior:
lA.u" N/D 2Oo3I

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't1

Error Order
I
Simpson's t rule 1r.lb- alha
180
, h4

Simpson's
1
rule h' Y" t€t
8 s

in
30. State Trapezoidal rule: [A.U. N/D 2Ot2]
Solution:

ot.
The Trapezoidal rule is

Jlttflx = -: [(Sum of the first and the tast ordinates)

sp
+ 2 (Sum of the remaining ordinates)l

31, state Trapezoidat rute for evatu ating '!"[f{r,id*at

og
Solutionl

,.hk
.bl

=
7 [Su. of values of f at the four corners
+ 2 (Sum of values of f at the remaining nodes on
the boundary )
+ 4 (Sum of the values of f at the interior nodes)l
tas

32. State Simpson,s one third rute: [A.U. M/J 2013]

solutionr simpsont
] *n =J t [sum of the first and tast ordinates]
lda

+ 2[Sum of the remaining odd ordinates

+4[Sum of the remaining even ordinate]]
]
33, Why Simpson,s one third rule is called a closed
formuta?
Solution;
vi

Since the end point ordinates yo and y,are included in the simpson,s 1
3
Ci

rule, it is called closed formula.

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72

34, Why do you apply Simpson's i rule' and what is the order of the error
I
in Simpson's trule
Sotution: tA.u. A/M 20111
even number of sub
The interval of integration must be divided into an

in
I..
is
Interval of widLh h. The order of error in SimPson's I rule '

ot.
ten equal parts'
35. Evaluate Jsinx& by Trapezoidal rule by dividing
[A'U' M/J 20131

sp
Solution:
,,1
Ranoe -z-0-2. Hence /,=.:'
IO

We tabulate below the values of y at different x's

log
0.5878 0.9511
=sinxr
s.b

=sinx: 0.8090

about x = ]
[Note that the values are symmetrical ;
ata

0'3090.1 0 5878 + 0 8090+ 0 9s1 I

(i)By Trapezoidal rule / = t(o+o)+2(
#
1.0+O'9511+O B09O+O 5B7B+0'3090)l
d

= 1.9843 nearlY
vil

:
36. Using trapezoidal rule evaluate JGi";a' .

Solution:
Ci

15 30 45 60 75 90
x 0
0. 0.5087 o.707 L 0.8408 0.9306 0.9828 1

tJri,** . l2
l(0 r l) "2(0.50s7 I0.7071+0.8408-0.qj0b'0'q828I"117021
iz

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13

3Z State two point Gaussian quadrature formula

(or)
state t$ro points caussian guadrature formuta to evaluate
|/{r)dx
Solution: tA.U N/D 2or2l

in
Two points caussian quadrature formuta is '[teV- t_)
:, / (J:r
=- )\ ,1
"1yr.,1

ot.
38. Apply Gauss two point formu Ia to evaluate
J;;;a&

Solution: lA.U. N/D 2O1O, A lM 2OOs, AlN 2}1:o, MIJ 2OL27

Given intervar rs -1 to 1 so we appv sp

irt,*=li-r1.4;r1 formula.
og
xere.r(r)=t!,
J t'l r r
.bl

3
'L-EJ=;=p1=a
3 l.3./
tas

,l+l=r=r=i,
,.ur, ,.
i [1,)
lda

't:rd,=i.i=)=,'

But actuatintesratior
tun,O-tun,(_
i;*=t""-,,1, =
vi

= ran, (r)+ tan-,(l)

Ci

:iHo)
Here the error is due to two-point formula 0.070a.

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h
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39, Evaluate i# by Gaussian formula with two points

Solution: lA,u. N/D 2OO7l

-t
J\0=-

t.in
t+t [Given range is not in the exact form ]

.- ',a
t-= t\dt
I --..----.--..._.It)
Jltt ", JlLr [Now the range is in the exact form I

_.

po
I
Jltl= l+t

4+r
ffi + *=,,uu s
og
4.J=qe=+=,ft 0'o
.bl

caussiair two poinr romr" * 1rt v, = r[]1. r[]] =,*uu - o.r. =,

tas

(1) = ,, d,
iff!}o,=,.,
da

40. Evatuatel = Jl
+r by Gaussian formula with two points
Solution: ' [a.u. M/J 2OO9]
vil

lr
llx)= -l+x [Given range is noLin the exact form ]

b-a b+a
Ci

1) Here a=0, b=1

l-0 l+0

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15

ll
22
,b=l
2 "

. ie r', !*

in
'' =
J#=;ft7iJ =
; f*2' [Now the ranse is in the exact rorm
]
\2- 2) 2

ot.
='*=4A.4+l
f@=L
z+3

,ffi=-1=00,,,
sp
log
.
J',
I
,t+J=
f; = 0.27954
s.b

:. I = 0.47277+0.2795 = o.6923
ata

41.State two point caussian quadEture

formuta to eval.rate
l.f{r)a,
Solution: lA.U. N/D 2OO5, NtD 2OO7, NlD 7rott, N/D 20121
d

Two polnts Gaussian quadrature formu

is
f-r
,lT, l.,f*l
vil

la Jf{ia* =

This formula is exact for polynomials

upto degree.3

I "*0, ,-o Oo,nt caussian quadrature

Ci

42. Evaluate
formula
Solution:
lA.U. N/D 2O1OJ

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Ir
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Here "f(r)=e " 1 Gir"n range is not in exact forml

b-a b+a
x=-r-z+-
Let [Here a=0, b=2]

- -2-0 _.2+0
22

in
x=z+l x=0

ot.
dx =dz x=2

,*,' o,
l"-" a, = 1"

=4+,1.,1+l
sp (1)
og
Here fQ) = e1*\'

I Jr-'I
f
t] I =e-o'736 -08364
-r
.bl

ft;l="
.n,*
="li.,l =e =0 8083,
tas

4+J
2

... p-' a* =o.ne++0.0831 = 0.9195

da

+a. rina J(r*' + sr'lr by causs two point formuta

vil

Solution:
[A.U. N/D 2o1o]
Given intervals is -1 to 1. Hence we can appty the formula
Ci

t"*='h*l.,lr]'"*' r(x)=3x'+5xo

,(#)=,(l).,(;J='.; = 11=
9
r.sse

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71

,(+)=,(+).,(;)=,';=f = 1.556
JP,'*s" !, = O.ss6 + 1.5s6) = 3.112

r2x
rl4, Evaluate the inteSral JG;id, using Gauss two point formula

in
Solution:

ot.
Given range is not in (-1r1) so by using the formula to make them as (-1,1)

-=l(b-a\ (b+a\
,)"1 ,)
, ={+)".(+)= );.l=lv. tt
sp - .l
2
og
, :lir* ='
!#* i- ='
l,!#h ia" = i 1nffy;='[r{+). r(+)]
.bl

z+3
Here
lQ)= t6+lz +31 ' ,{#)=,*,,, r(}.)=oooo,n'

I = B [ 0.0682 + 0.00914s 7 = o.o7737

tas

" cosrdc
[e
45, Evaluate I by Gauss two point quadrature formula
lda

Solution: Given Interval is -1 to 1 so we apply

I- T r1 f rl
lluta, = fl .l+71 -= 1...............1rr
-i L'/l I L./3 l
vi

Herc;f(-r; = e-" 6q5v

/-tl I'cosl/-r) (0 7r6s) , (0.8r7e)-0.6

Jlfi)="
Ci

/l.J=

,(*) =
"
i *'[;)-,o,ul F(0.837q) = o 6

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18

(1) = Je-'' cos.rdt = 0.6+0.6 = 1.2

46'state three point caussian quadrature
formula
Solution: Three points Gaussian quadrature formula is
't
.1,'*'*-rLr|. ; Jtl(; ,J]+;/(0)
f
r,n* -51,[ -f), / ]l- * rhis formula is exact ror porynomiats

t.in
upto degree 5.

47. Find the error in the derivatives of

if(r) = cosa by computing direcfly
t,t = !9!2-l!I1

spo
and usinq th approxima
ng the tion jf(r)
mation )-f(x+h) at x=O.8 choosing
,-
h=O.O1
Solution: Given /(r) = cosx = cos(0.8) = 0.999902

nere 716.3; = /(0'8 +0'01)-/('0 8-0 ot)

2(0.0D
og
_ /(0.81) - /(.0.79) _ 0.99990071 + O.s999}4s4s
o.o2 - -n,0,
.bl

/(0.8) = -0.0002r782

48. ff f(x)=6e51 isgiven foi x=O, O.S, i show by numerical

tas

f,\q _ 4J; _ o _ 3
differentiation that
Solution: Forx=0,0.5,1 the valuesof f(x)= a, are respectively a0,ao5,ar
da

(i.e) t, Ji, a The format difference table is as foltows

x
42
0
vil

0.5 J;
"-Ji
-Ji t
1
a
Ci

"=il* *"'*"' I
(*). (1)

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19

Here r=5, xo =ea/o =Ji-t,tryo=a_2Ji+t,tryo=o

Putfing these values in (1), we get

rf -
,, rq = J _t _ |
l.ti b_ zC . r)]

lf -

in
-116-' i,.r-i)
r

ot.
= !121;
)t -!,2 -1)
2l
lt - -a
=,o-taJa -lJ

49. 11
/r = 0 7083 .na 1, = o.eslo
Solution: By Romberg,s method sp
find r using Romberg,s method
og
r, = r, * L:JL = n.6e761! jZ9: {9!1
= 6.6e32
.bl

50. Write the error term in causs one point

rule, two point ruler three
point rule for evatuating the integra
I'll@d,
Solution:
tas

Rtn=:f,,c) R(fi=*|c) R(,=;50/.(6)

lda

-1<E <t -l<4<t -1.1<1

sl. Evatuatei# by Trapezoidal rute

vi

Solution: ,
[A.U. N/D 2013]
Ci

Here, b-a=6-0= 6. Divide into 6 equal parls;=!=1

6
Hence, the table i.

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I
 ,:.'- .

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20

2 4 3 5 6
x: 0 1
1.00 0.500 0.200 0.100 0.058824 0.038462 o.27027
ri7=rct
There are 7 ordinates (n = 6)' We can use all the formula
(i) By Trapezoidal rule,

in
1 = i e . = t [0, o.o21o27 l + 2(o.s + 0.2+ 0.
.1 1 + 0 058824 + 0 038462)|
il+x"

ot.
= 1.41079950

52. Evaluate Jr;& uy e"ro t*o point formula

solution:
sp
Given, The range is not C1, 1) so by using the formula to
make them as
la.u. N/D 20131
log
G1, 1)

,=b-o r*bto
'-22 Here a=-2; b=z

2+2 2-2
s.b

=-2++
22
x=22=> d\=zdz
ata

'l:;*=
[:''*='!:' * = rl r( )\,r{ll
-\r/l = rto.tu,o *'.rsr rl
l = 4 68sa
L"\3/
d
vil
Ci

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2l

PART-B
l. Gh,cn thc tbllowlng data,flnd /'(6) & .),'(5) and the maxlmum valua of y.
x: o 2 3 4 7 9
Y: 4 26 58 112 466 922
Solutlon: [A.u. /J 2006, N,.D zoo5,ttlJ zoo7,N/D zoo7, M/J 2oog,A/r..t 2o1ol

in
Slnce the arguments are not equally spaced, we wlll use Newton's dlvlded
dlfference formula

ot.
Dlvlded Dlfference table

x v=(x) a r(*) A 't(*) a'(r) a ' r(x)

0

2
4

26
11
sp
7
log
32 1
3 58 11 0
54 1
4 712 16 0
118 1
7 466 22
s.b

228
9 922

By Newton's dlvided difference formula,

y = f (x) = f(x)+Q - ro )/(ro,r, ) + (x - ro{x - x, [1.r",r,,r,1+...
ata

=4+ (r - 0)l I + (r - 0)(r - 27!+ (r- 0)(x - 2)(x -3)1

= x3 +2x2 +3x + 4
d

:' Y'(x) =3x2 +4x+3

vil

4(6)+3 = t3s
y' (6) = 3(6)'z +

y'"(s)=3(s)'1+4(s)+3 =98 e,
y(x) is maxlmum if y'(x)=o. 1i,61 3x'l + 4x i 3= O, But the roots are
Ci

lmaglnary.

Therefore , there ls no extremum value ln the range. In fact, lt ls an

increasing curve

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22

2, The following data gives the velocity of a particte for

20 seconds at an
Inten al of S seconds. Flnd the inltlal acceleration using tlie eiifre
data

Solutlon: [a'u a/M 2oo4' MtJ 2o1-ol

in
v rs dependent on flme t
(1.e.,) v=v(t). We requtre acceleration= 4 at o
dt

ot.
0 o
3

sp
5 3 8
l1
10 L4 44
55
og
15 69 104
159
20 22A
.bl

For initial acceleration dv at , 0 we use forward

dt = formula of Newton

il-" -iu*.iu," -inn.".]

tas

(*)=

j['-i<*r.]r"r-i,o]
da

Irr-+*rz-01 =|<sl=,
vil

!
I
Ci

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23

3. The population ofa certain town is given below. Find the rate of
grorvth of the poputation in 1931, 1941, 1961 and 1971

Year xr 1931 L94r- 1951 1961 1971

Population in 40.62 60.ao 79.95 103.56 132,65
thousands v:
utio
Solution: lA.U M/J 20121

in
We form the difference table.

x v L! a'v L,y

ot.
1931 40.62 ^y
20.18
1941 60.80 -1.03
19.15 5,49

sp
1951 79.95 4.46 -4.47
23.61 1.02
1961 103.56 5.48
29.09
log
1971 132.65
we use the same table for backwffi
(i) we use forward formula.

l93l corresponds to u=o

s.b

'=L*t " 'o =

e).*,1X\"= il", - I*,".:o,, -io'* . l

ata

=
fr ['0 "-]t-''*r.]o na-]t*.ra]
= J rS*O.SrSr 1.83+ 1.11751= 2.36425
d

1zO.
vil

' (il)If x=1941, u= !-Jt =t94t at93t -,

1'
Putting u=1, in
Ci

dy ll . 2u-l ., t-
,3u, -6u+Z
-=::t'vo 4ur _tbu) rl2u_6
,t + -"-- :!--:::! :^v^- |

i= tl"n* ;L'vo )

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25

x f(x) ar(*) 6 , r(r) a,(,) Ar

f(x)
3
23-(-13) _
ts 146-18
5-3 . _
5 23
1l-3

in
QOO
"-' "'1 40-r6 ,
=146
11 899 l1- 5 27 -3
t026- 146

ot.
0
173 t 5- 89S 27-5
= to26 69-40
t737s 27 -tl 2613 -1026 34 -5
35606- l73l s 34-ll =69

sp
= 2613
34 35606
14-27
log
By Newtont divided difference interpotation formula

f(x) = 160\+G - x0 )/(.r0..r, ) + (x - -r0 )(r -,, )/{xn.r,.r, )

+ (r - ro )(r - x, [-r - .r, )f @*xu x,, x,) + .. .

s.b

f(x)= -13a1*-rr,ru)+(x-3xx-1s)(16)+(x-30(x_sXx- 1 1X 1)

= -13+ 18x-54+16( r, -8x+15) + xr-19r,+103x-165

ta

= t'-3x2 -7x+t
-f'(x)=3x'-6x-l
da

/'00) -3(100)-6(10)-7 = 233

5, Find the first two derivatives of (x)X at x =50 and .t = 56r for the given
vil

table
x 50 51 52 53 s4 55 56
3.6440 3.70A4 3.7325 3.7553 3.7798 3,4030 3.4259
v = (x)%
Ci

Solution: la.u.N/D 20111

We use Newton's backward formula

t
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50 3.6840
o.0244
51 3.70a4 -0.0003
o,o24t
52 3.732s

in
-0.0003
0.0238 0
53 3.7563 -0.0003
0.0235 0

ot.
54 3.7798 -ooo03
o.o23Z 0
55 3.8030 -0.0003
o.0229
56 3.82s9

By Newton.s rorward sp
r,,-r," (#)-* =i{a"-lor,rt * -
og
}
=
|fr.oro- jr-o.o*, * 1(o)] = o.oz+s
.bl

(fr).--= )t* -,ry. *...1=f 1+.oo03r = -s.6ss3

"
tas

By Newton,s backward formula

(*).,"= i{,". io',. *\,',. * }

lda

=',10.*rn*L, o.ooory * 1101]- s.s2275

(*) #v"..v'a
vi

= +...)= 11-o.ooo:1
=,"
Ci

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27
G Find 7, and y',at .r = slfrom the following data
it x 50 60 70
: Y 19.96 36.65
ao 90
77.21 94.6L
solution:
[A.u N/D 2oto, MlJ 2o:z]

in
Here l, = 10. To find the
derivatives
we use Newton's rorward
rormur"i;il" ff:::vatr=51
aire.en.e
We have ,, ---x -f,o _ 5l-50

ot.
" a-=ld-=o^ t

.-. At r 51, ,
-- = O.l
(dv\ ( d,\ t(
l; li ).-", il+". v-tl o' t" * @1:!:2
sp
= =
),-,, o,,"
_lgu, + 22u _6)
+(4ut
o! to - ',)
"^r..
log
The difference tabre is grven
by
x r- 50 v Ly a,y
l0 aov
50
^y
s.b

ry.96
60 1 36.65 116.6e 5.47
70 I zz.to -s.23
2 58.81 I
-3.76
ata

18.40 111.99
80 3 77.27 -1,00
z.le I

90 77.40
4 94.61
d

(at\
\d, ).*, =*{,..r.erurr.o.[iQ,r 6(0.1) +2
vil

6
Ir-n.nt

+ [4(o.t)3 -18(0.1)' *?10.]t _ 61,,,

nr*...]
Ci

tut
IO
a.en , a.rct- r.rg98 - 1.98631 = r.01r6

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I
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F

(#) (6u' - l8z +tl) oo..]

"-,
=
;{-, "+ (,, -,)d),0 +
3l

rf lt'-tlto tlr rrl],.,,.o,

=,#lr.r, l(0.r- )(. e.2i)l loro

in
I
= nol s.47 + 8.307 + 9.25231=0.2303

7. Find the fiist and second derivatives

ot.
$rf tqe function .f (r) = x, _ g* _ t4 at
x=3.0 using the value given below:

x 3.O 3.2 3-4 3,6 3.4 4.O

sp
-L4 -10.o3 -s,296 -o.2s6 -6.672 14
Solution:
The Difference tabte is aA.U- AIM 2OO7l
og
x Ly ty Lty Aoi t'v
3.0 -74
3.97
.bl

3,2 -10.03 o.764

4.734 -0.458
3.4 -5.296 0.306 -11.304
5.04 -77,762 44.266
tas

3.6 -2.s6 -11.456 36,962

-6.416 25.2
-6.672 73.744
7.32a
4,O 74
lda

t' e> |$t - )

" ".r.
.
;;t;; 4;:l
r ol = fr{t.n - ! to.zo+r + 1t-o.assr - -l r r r.r0,r I + 11a6.2661
|
vi

|,'
f (3) =79.s72s
Ci

t"a> f{r'n dr, *l-la,r, -...}

I'G) = -228.s

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29

8. fiom the following table of values of xandy, obtain y,{x) and y,,(x)
for x= 16
x: 15 L7 19 2t 23 25
3.a73 4,123 4.359 4.5a3 4.796 5

Solution: lA.u N/D 2olo]

Slnce we require f'(16) f" (16) we use

in
and Nerarton,s forward formula
x v Ay L,y ty ty Ey
15 3.873

ot.
0,25
t7 4.723 -0.014
0.236 0.002
19 4.359 -0.012 -0.001
o.224 0.001 0.002

sp
2! 4.583 -0.011 0.001
0.213 0.002
23 4.796 0.002
o.204
og
25 5

By NeMon's fdrward formula

*}t',, - -.}
.bl

(*) =
i{t" - iL't" + lE v" - L 7o r"
-"
*
=
]{0., - }rr.ota Jto.oozr
-}<-o.oou *
}ro.ooa}
tas

= 110.u s * o.ooz* 0.0006+0.00025 + 0.00041

=lo.zttza
lda

= 0.129125
fQQ = n.12e1

(*) i{* -rr. * 11a'v. - la'* -...}

-,= "
vi

/06, l-!(-o.0oo -
#{- 0.0r4- r
= 0.002
*ro.ooa}
Ci

= jl..oi+ - o.ooz - o.oooe2- o.oor4

= -O.OO4?

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t4
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Evaluate
,"q
9.' i
,jfru"rnnv *o.0..,
"vrrruE'g's method
bv taking h = 0.5,0.25
"r""u""rrlf an49.125
Solution!
lL.u. Nlr 2oo6,n/) 2oo7,
NlD 2oo7,a/tn
2O7O,a/M
Let2_-lrn6 t.ty=,[#.Take 2o77, M/J 20721
r

in
= 0.5. The tabutated
values of y
are
x
s SI

ot.
I
_ l+x. I 0.8
1

0.5
Using Trapezoidal
rule 4 =t#=!r,"-,,a-t
0.5..
=;[(l +0.s)+ r.of
sp
= 6.77s
log
Take ,I,=0.25.
The tabulated
values of y
are
0 o ,c
,.t 1
q.so O7c 1.00
1+x2 094128
0.80 0.64
s.b

- 0.5
Using Tra pezoidal
rule / ,=!#=*tr,".n.llji
0.2s
ata

- f_t(r +0.5)+2(0.e4t2
I o.Bo + 0.64))

= 0.7828
Take , = 0.125 The tabulated
values of y
d

are
0
_o.20 10.375
vil

I
1 0.9846 0.50
I +.y? lo.s+i
o,8767 0.80 _0.750 1.0
0.7191 o.64 0.5664 0.5
j
Usi ng Trapezoidal
i-e-
Ci

rule 13 __

!#=!t,,.*ri
h
+ !, +...+ y-ll

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31

= (T) ur*o.o-2(o.eB46+0.e412+0.8767+o-8+0.71e1 +0.64+0.s664)l

= (0.0625)[1,5+2(5.528)]= 0.7847s
Using Romberg,s formula for 1, and 12we have

t.in
t = r,*{t, .t'\=0.7s28r f0.7828 -0.775) ^ ---^
\r/ ( t-./=0.7828+0.0026-0.78s4
Using Romberg,s formula for /2and 1r we h?ve

po
, - ,, ,[!.:]-r1= o.7s47s+{0.'1847s - o.7s2s) o.taqts ..
^-^.--+o.ooo65=0.7854
\ 3) \ r- )=
l, d,
- gs
'1'=JG7=0.7854 ................(1)

By actual evaluation of the definite integral we

have
o
..= i3 t* ,,[ = i -..----. *,,
.bl

From (1) and (2) we havg I Hence z = j.l4t6

i=0.7854.
tas

10. Using Romberg,s rute, evatuate j# rhree decimat

"o.*o,o
places by taking i = 0.5, o.2s and 0.125
da

Solution:
we wil take h=0.5 , o,2s, 0.725
[A'u' N/D zooT' NlD 2o].ol
vil

(D

x 0 0.5 1
1 0.6666 o.5
Ci

t, =fi..s, z{o.adsol ry r.n

= 0.7083

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32

I I

0.25 0.5 0.75 1

x 0
0.5
I 0.8 0.6666 o.5774

t.in
I2 = 9?111; ,-s.5;*21s8 F06666 F05?14)l bvTR
2'
= 0.6970
(iii)

o
o.75 0.87 5 1
0.125 0.25 0.5
0.37 5 0.625
0 0.5333 0.5
0-8889 o.8 o.7273 0.6667 0.6154 o-57!4

sp
1

0.8+ 0 7271+0 6667 +0 54+ 0 57l4 i 0 5331)l

't, = 9J?i11. *
g.5 r 2(0.888b+ 61
og
2
= 0.6941
The three values are 0 7083,
0'6970' 0'6941
.bl

, 1--
- o zot:l = o'eorz
t-- t,.J+!tr, -'lrl-06970+ ilo
os'io
tas

I
= r, + - I, l = o 6q4l + ll0 6q4l - 0 69701 = 0'69:t
and, lt{,
(1) again
Now taking theie two values and usinq formula
da

, = 0.693q*l1o.es:t -'o.Lsz:]=
o ro:

value is 0'6931
Hence the most approximate
vil

,, dx
ll.Evaluate o, Romberg's method correct to 4 decimal
iIft "'n'
value of '
places. Hence, deduce an approximate
Ci

tA.u M/' 2OO9, A/M 2011, M lt 2oL27

solutionr
t- )-
Let / =
I
f*] andrer 1=lfi

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33

Take h=0.5. The tabulated values of y are

Using Trapezoidal rule,

in
r, ='lfl * y, y,l = !1
=
!b, 1 + z
11t+ 0.5) + l.6l = 0.775

ot.
Take h=0.25. The tabulated values
of y are

x 0

sp
0.25 0.50 o.7s 1.00
I
- 1 o,9412 0.80 o.64 0.5
7+rl
Using Trapezoidal rule,
og
,, =!kr, t y)+2(y,
=
lS + y, + y)f=ffxr*r.ry*r1o.noL2+0.80+-0.64)l
= 0.7828
.bl

12. The velocity v of a particle at a distance

s from a point on its path
is given by the table below.
tas

v m/sec

Estimate the time taken to travel 60

metres by using Simpson,s one-
lda

lhird -rule. Compare your answer with Simpson,s 3/8 rule,

solution:
lA.U A/M 2o1o]
ds
We know, Y=, ,
,=1
'=T3 ."*
vi

47 64
o.02t27 65
1
u.o1/24 0.015625
Ci

0.0538
v !o Ir ft
3B
I U.UIbJ9 0.01923 -lz0.026316
!a rs ra

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34

By Simpson's one-third rule,

/,t yl !t /t lq fs v6

1 4 T
1 4 1
1 4 1

in
1 4 2 4 z 4 1

ot.
, -\\, - lk r, t y, t 2t v 1 v,t' 4r Y, + Y, + Y,tl
;v r

tto.orrrr*'026316) + 2(0.01s62s+o'0163e)

sp
=
f
+4(0.01724+0.01538+0.01923)l = 1 06338 sec'
og
By Simpson's Y8 rule;

lo yt fz h. fa Y5 v6

1 3 1
.bl

1 3 1
3 2 3 3 1
1 3
tas

, =ilo =*k , r v6 r l\vt + v2+ /. + /, ) r2(v,)l

i, 6
3* l0
= rro.ozt27*0.026316) + 3(0.01724+0 015625+0 01639
8"
da

+0.01e23) i'(o.orur,)l = 1 0642s sec'

bV
By dividing the range into ten equal parts' evaluate
vil

rd'x
13. Jsin

Trapezoidal and Simpson's rule' Verify youEtnswer

with integration'
Solutionr tA'U' vl/) 2OO6'M|J 2OO7 N/D 2006I
Ci

Range =z=0=2. Hence ll=1

We tabulate below the values of y at different x's

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35

0 n 22r 3tr 42, 5n

l0 IO t0 lo
Y=sinx: 0.o 0.3090 IO
x: 0.8090 0.9511
6r 7E 8L 9t
1.0
)f
l0 l0 l0 l0
Y=sinx: 0.9511 0.8090 u.5478 0.3090 0

in
[Note that the values are syrrtmetrical about
,=11

ot.
(i)By Trapezoidat rute 1= -a [(0+o)+2( 0.3090+ 0,5878 f 0.8090+ 0.95 r I

1.0+0.951 1+0.8090+0.5878+0.3090).1

sp
^-+
. = 1.9843 nearly
(ii) By Simpson,s one-third
rule (since there are 11 ordinates)
og
, = j[fiJ rro*ol*, (0.5878 f 0.e5r I + 0.e5r I + 0.5878)

+4(0.3090+o.B09o+1+0.8090+o.3O9O)l
.bl

= 2.00091

14' Evatuate ,=i# o, u",r,n (i) direct intesration

tas

(ii)Trpezoidal rule (iii) simpson,s

one-third rule
(iv)Simpson,s three-eight rute
lda

Solution:
[A.U. N/D 2011]
, 6-0 6_0
,=:--:=?=r; ltxt_ _t -
vi

x o
0 u.5
1 2 3 .4 5 6
JGI=l+r 1
0.333 0.2s o.2 o.167 o.743
Ci

(i)Direct intesration
ifr = t.r(l *rlf = bg7 = 1.e459

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36

(li)By TraPezoidal rule

"!*=lltr"* t,)*2(1t, + Y'+ "'+ Y*')f

in
=
! tto*o.ro:)*rto's+0.333+0'2s+0.2+o'167)l
= 2.O22

ot.
(iii)By Simpson's lrd rule
3

+"')++[v, +v, +" )]

sp
r =!10" * *)*zrv,+ vn

=
! [(1+0.143)+2(0.333+O'2+4(O.s+o'25+0.167)l
og
= 1.9587
3
th rule
.bl

(iii)By Simpson's
8

t =tII", *)*t(t,+ v,+ v. +"')+z$t, + /o + "'I

tas

tto*o.torl + 3(o s+0.333+0.2+0.167) + 2(0'2s)l

=
s
= 1.966
da

h=k =o l
15. .rr*"."'i'ffi bv trapezoidal formula by taking
vil

solution:r Given tA.u' a/tJt 2o1OI

Ci

0.5000 0.4762 0.4545 o.434,4 o.4167

o.4762 0.4545 0.4348 o.476'1 0.4000
0.4545 0-4348 o.4167 0.4000 0.3846

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31

By using Trapezoidal rule

, (0.1)(0-rl . .
t = --::------! [ (0.5r0.4]67+0.45451 0.1846)

+ 2(0.4545 + 0.47 62 + O.4348 +O.4 + O. 4+ O. 4t67

in
+0.4348+O.47 62)+4(0.4545+0.4348+0.4i67)l

=
f tr.rs**u.n a64+s.224)

ot.
= 0.0349

Evatuate t l--:2--4xd"

sp
- by trapezoidal rule with taking h = k = 0.25
1G- ; i (l + .I'Xl +y')
Solution:
lA.U. N/D 2004 N/D 2OO9I
og
0 0 0 U 0 0
0.25 0.23s3 0.2295 o.2772
.bl

o.2027 0.1882
0.5 0.4 0.3902 0.3692 0.3446 0.32
o.75 0.48 0.5854 0.4431 0.4135 0.384
tas

1 0.5 o.4a7A 0.461s 0.4308

Trapezoidal rule
lda

1= l! 11Sr. of vatues of f at the four corners )

+ 2(Sum of values of f at the remaining node on the

boundary)
vi

+ 4(Sum of the values of f at the interio( nodes)

l
-t= (0.25n0.2s) [(0+0+0.4+0.5)+2(0.48+0.4+0.2j53+O+0+O
Ci

-:-
+0.1882+0.32+0.384+0.4308+0.461 5 + O.4A7A) +4(O.2295
+0.277 2+ O.2027 +0.3902+0.3692+0.3446+0.5854+0.4431
+0.4135)l

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38

= (o.o1s6) [(0.9)+2(3.3876)+4(3'19s4)]
(0 0156) [20 4568]
= (0'0156) to.s+6 7752+12'78161 =
= 0.31913

numerica[y with, = 0,2 along x-direction and

in
17.Euatt)ate
!!f#
& = 0.25along Y-direction'
lA.u. M/J 2O12I

ot.
Solution:

x 1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

o.z
ou
sp
0.4098 I 0.3378 I 0.2809 0.2359 I
1

7.25 0.3902
I
0.3331
I
0.2839
I
o-2426 0.2082 o.rrr, I
og
10.3077 ' 0.2375 o.2079 0.1821 0.16
1.5 0.2710
o.7779 0.1587 0.1416
7.75 I o.rou, o.2227 0.1991

I o, l n,r*
I

0.1679 o.1,524 I 0.1381 0.125

.bl

By Trapezoidal rule
tas

't'$# =+ [(sum of values of f at the rour corners )

the boundary)
+ 2(Sum of values of f at the remaining node on
lda

+ 4(Sum of the values of f at the interior

nodes) l

.. (0 2X0'25) [(0.5+0.2+0.125+0 -z)+2(o.2462+0'3077 +o '3902

4
vi

1798+0 ' 16+0 1416

+0.4098+0.3378+0.2809+0 2359+ O
'

2839
+ 0.1381+0.1524+0.1679+O'1838)+4(0 3331+0
Ci

.27 ro+o'237 5+o'207 9 +o 192l+o

2221
+0.2426+0.2082+O
1381)l
+ 0.1991+0.1779+0.1587+O'1838+0 1679+0'1524+0
13 '46521= O'2643
= (0.0125) [ 1.02s+6.6566+

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39

l& Using Trapezoidat rute, evaluatei$ taking eight intervats

Solution:

in
[A.U. M/J 2013J
xerc Nr) =;f; , Length of the intervat = 2

ot.
So we divide eight equal intervals
with h=a-02\
8

We form a table

x -1
0.5
-o.75
0.64 sp 95
0.8
-0.25
o.9472
0
I
0.2s
0.9412
0.5
o.B
0.75 _t
0.64 0.5
og
By Trapezoidal rule we get

'!#
.bl

=
lrr" * r,l +2(1t, + y, + y, + yn + !5 + y6 + y,)l
=
!?.11i0.s * o.si * z(0.64
+ 0.8 + 0.9412+ I + 0.9412+ 0.8+ 0.64)
tas

=ffu*ztt.tezo11
9!!Uz.sz+tl
da

= = r.sase

erul.,utu
19. f'j1a using simpsont one _third rule
vil

Solution:
[A.U. M/J 2013]

Divide the range of x and y into 4

equal parts.
Ci

. 1.4-t
i(=_-=0-l
4
and 4

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I
IG,D=-
x/
Get the values of at nodal points
By Simpson's rule

2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

in
\
L 0.5 o.4762 o.4545 0.4348 0.4767

ot.
1.1 0.4545 o.4329 0.4132 0.3953 0.3788

L.2 o.4L67 0.3968 o.37BB 0.3623 o.3472

1.3'
sp
0.38'46 o.3663 o.3497 o,3344 0.3205
og
1.4 :'
0.3571 0.3401 o.3247 0.3106 o.2976

, =[|Y{]rto s-o.o t67 +o.3sit+0.2si6)

\343r"
.bl

+ 2(O.4767 + 0.4545+0.3472+0.3247)+4(0.3846+0.4545
. +o.47 62+0.4348+0.3788+0.3205+0.3106+0.3401+0.3788)
+ 8(0.3968+0.3623+O.3497 +O.4732)
tas

+ 16(0.3663+0.3344+0.4329+0.3953)

, (9!!Y9!1),rr., 6r =o o(5r 1
=
\.343/' rr
da

20. Evaluate/ - usins simpson's rute with , - I =1

!!"r',)?* 4
vil

Solutionr tA.U. MIJ zot2l

Let /1x,y1 = lA2)
l+ry
Ci

The values of f(x,y) at the nodal points are given in the following table

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41

\ 0 I
1
\
0 o
i0
2
0
y4 0 0.0588 0.1108

y2 o 0.1108 0.7979

in
By Simpsont rule

ot.
,, = hh
_ [(Sum
-._
of the values of f at the four corners)

+2(Sum of the Values of f at the odd positions

sp
on the
boundary except the corners
)
+4 (Sum of the values of f at the even positions
log
on the boundary )
+{4 (Sum of values of f at odd positions
)
+g (Sum of values of f at even positions)
on the odd row of the
matrix except boundary rows)
s.b

+8{(Sum of values of f at the odd positions)

+16 (Sum of values of f at the even positions)
on the even rows of
ata

the matrix)l

frYl )
, -lq L ) q
[(o+0+0+0. 1979)+4(o+o+0.1108+0.1108)+16(0.osBB)]
d

I
vil

= 1o.7979+4(0.2216)+0.9408I= 0.01406
tA
21. Use caussian three_point formula
ana evatuate i!2,
J-
Ci

Solutiont
lA.U. M/l 2012I
nere 7111= 1 [Range given is not ln exact form]

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4)

Let r=!122z +b-i-! lHere a=t, b=5]

5-l 5+t
x=-z+-
22

in
x=22+1 ,=l + z=-l
dt =2dz x=5 = z=l

t.
' lt,t =I I zd,=zt ' d,
fx !,22 t J !,22+3 .......,..,.... (1)

spo
I
.'. Ie)=;+3 [Range is now in exact form]

By Gaussian three point formula is

og
'
f,* il4 frl. r[,EI dr.,
=
l

r@=;n : ,,0,-i
s.b

'[-,8)=;H=*-'
, -'1r-'
ta

,[f)=;=0,,,,,
da

. z{-+r

'!
fi,y" I ][o.awl *o.z rxl. ![1]
vil

= 0.50506+0.2963
Ci

= 0180136

(l) = | d.r - 40.80 1161 = 1 .60272

ix

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43
*
2ra1
tt ttrlnru +2x I I
bv Gaussian three point formuta
J,..(;iP*
SoluUon:
lA,U. M/J 2or3l
tet 71r; = a'+ 2, +-t
[Range given ls not ln exact forml
t+(x+l),

in
la v=b-a
).t
r*b+a lHere a=Or b=21

ot.
2-0
x=-z+ 2+o-
,,a

r=z+l x=0 + z=_l

&=&
it:!f
t=2 .>' z=l
sp
og
* _-_J
lz + t), + 2(z + t\+ -dz
t
Jl+(.r+l)'- r+k;r;r,
_ lz, +22+l+22+2+l
.bl

,_----_-_--
!, t +lz + 21,

tr2t
+42+l
=
|E;r * (l) lRanse siven is in exact forml
tas
da

/(o)=;;=+=0.8
vil

1.5018
= o'uooz
'(-,tr= r3o-ir-'=
Ci

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[,8.']' 7.6978

't,E)=
*'^ = 0.8850

[,8;]'.'

in
Equarion r ) becomes,'l r ur,, = 1l
-1 t[,l]ll)/l -, i,/l
eLI l l *, r,0,
\15/l ()'

ot.
= llo.oooz * o.arsoln o.azsr*0.2111= 1.s362
f [o.sl=
n""." iffi$,* =')ffi, =,.rru,

23, Find the first, second and third derivatives of

x
sp f(x) at x = 1.S if
og
1.5 2.O 2.5 3.O 3-5 4.0
f(x) 3.375 7.OOO 13.625 24.OOO 34,475 59.OOO
Solution: lA.u. N/D 2O13I
.bl

We have to find the derivative at the point x= 1.5 which is the starting point
of the given data. Therefore, we use Newton,s forward interpolation formula.
tas

x y=f(x) Ly L'y t'y t:y

1.5 3.3785
3.625
2.0 7,000 3.000
6.625 0.750
da

2.5 13.625 0
10.375 0.750
3.0 24.000 4.500 0
t4.87 5 0.750
vil

38.875 5.250
20.725
4.O 59.000

Here xo = 1.5, yn = 3.375, Lro =3.6?s, N yo y

Ci

-3, N = 0.75 arul h =0.5

( dv\
I r'l = T'G) = i{^" -}o".i 8,,-IN,, rl v" -. A' -. !

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45

/'{r.o =
of r:.ozs_
}a>lro.rrtt = o.r,

(#).,= r'u",= *{o o - n.Xo

^' ^
- }

t.in
7"1r.s1 = ,!
(o.sr' 1.r
_ o.zsl
-s

(*).,= r",'"' = ), {o'," -';o

^, }

po
./"'(1 5)=; l-(0.7fl-o
(0.s)''

24. Evaluate
2t
! loW
1.1
gs
using Trapezoidat rute Taking h o.l
21 =k=
o
solution:
[A.U. N/D 2o13J
.bl

Givenh=0.1 and k = 0.1

-[G.v\' ' = xl"

tas

Get tie
values of at nodal points
By Trapezoldal rule
da

2 8 4.2 4.4 8.6 8.8

vil

2.! 4.4 8.6 8.82 9.03 9.24

8.8 9.02 9.24 9.46 9.68

Ci

2.3 9.46 9.68 9.89 10.12

2.4 9.68 9.89 70.12 10.32 10.s6

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46

2! t1-

) )@ =
+ [(sum of vatues d f at the four corners
)

+ 2(Sum of values of, fat the remaining node on the boundary)

in
+ 4(Sum of the trdlues of f at the
interior nodes) l
= E.llQ ttu*...*e.68+ ro.s6)

ot.
+2(8.2+8.4+a.6+8.4+8.8+9.24+9.89+
lO,l2+10.32+9.24+9.68+10.12)
+4(8.6+8.82+9.03+9.02+9.24+9.46+9.24+9.46+9.68+9.89)l

=(0.0025){37.04+2(rt1.Ot)+4(92.2r4)}
= (0.0025)(37.04+ 222.02+369.7 6) sp
og
= (0.002sx628.82)

=1.57205
.bl

25' The verocities of the car running

on a straight road at intervars
of 2
minutes are given below! (A.U.
N/D 2013)
Time (min): O 2
tas

4 6 a 10 t2
Velocity(km/hr): O 22 30 27 t8 7O
Using Simpson,s l/3 rule ,find the distance covered by
the carz
lda

Solutionl

We know thot ,=4

dt
vi

ds = vdt
Ci

t2
s=tut
0

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47

t2
,= I ldl where y=y
Sinrpson,s 1/3 Rule

r=
!10, *)*20, + y, +...)+
* +g,, + y, +...))

in
Tlme(min): O 2 4 6 a 10 72

ot.
Y=v : O 22 30 27 18 7 0
I= o) r z(:o* r t) t +(zz + zt + tll
J(o+

r=
J(o)*z(r0*.i(:o)l
sp
log
r =![sa+zztl

r = 0.6667b201
s.b

I = 213.344

26. Apply three point caussian quadrature

formula to evatuate
i!!.4
ix
ata

Solution:
(AU N/D 2013)
Transform the variable from x to
t by the transformation
(t+a\ (i-
d

'=l. , ].(#]
vil

Here a=O and b=l

,1:).(:I-+ *ae=
zl
Ci

When x=0 t=_1 and x=1 t=l

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/- trr\
rlsrn-l /- t+r\
rlsm
2 l* =fl - 2 I

I
/= J[t'n'&= Jl
l+, l? Jl
la,
' t
'1. z)"1.
l+/
|
)
I=Ar f(t1)+ Arf(t )+A3(t3)

in
A1 = A3 = 0.5555 , Az= 0.8888, tt=-O.7745, t2=O, 4=O.7745
L t+r)

ot.
lsln-
trt --: |

/(/)=l
tl I

sp
f(tr)= 0.4989
f(t 1= g.4794
og
f(tr= 0.4369
I= 0.9459.
.bl
tas
da
vil
Ci

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49

ANNA UNMRSTTY QUESTToNS

1. Gi'"ll:!P:rgi11{11(6) & /'(5) and the maximum varue or
x:
0 2 3 4
Y: 7 9
4 zb 58 772 466 922
[a.u.
'./J
2006, N/D ,oou."/, ,oor.n7o ,ir-]i -ir,j, ffi. ,,

in
2. folllw-ils data gives the velocity of a particte ^o,
Int"l"rol.s+g$.ISi!9
Jn-e for 20 seconds at an
e enflre
Time (sec) "r"-t,""r"irg,i;;"r:*'d1,,

ot.
0 5 10 15
yelocity(m/sec) 20
0 3 t4 69
3. rhe popuration or a certain
,"ifii ji1ila Find
--;otor--ffi zz
the rate of sromh or the
popuration ," ,nsr, ,;ii, rr;i uion'ru#,ou'o*.
Year x:
Population in
thousands v:
1931
40.62
1941
60.80
sp 1951
79.95
1961
103.56
797 7
132.6s
log
ta.u Mr: io-rz, mljtorsj Pg.Nor 23
4. Find f'(10 ) from the foltowing data:
x 3 5 11 27 34
f(x) -13
s.b

899 1731s 35606

la.u a/ u zor rI--E.r,ro, 24
5. Frnd the first two derivatives
of (r)Z at r = 50 and ,
= 56, for the given tabl e
x 50 q1
52 53
ata

3.6840 3.7084 56
v = (r)% 3.7325 3.7563 3.779A 3.8030 3.82s9
1a.u,rrr7o zorr; Pg.No: 25
6. Find .1,' and /,'at r=5lfrom the following data
d

x 50 60 70 80
19.96 36.65 58.81 77.27 94.67
vil

7. Find the rirst ana secona aerivatl*s

oiJr? i,X;*;Iii,l:t_?1r,"_r;i:;1r=r,
using the value given below:
Ci

x 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.O

-10.03 -5.296 -0.256 -6.672 74

lA.U AIM 2OO7! ps.No:28

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{
s0

B. From the following table of vatues of x and obtain v'(x) Y"u) for x=16

IA.U N/D 2o1o] Pg'No:2g

. flY
. Evaluate J|+;uring Romberg,s method by taking i = 0.5,0.253p6 6.125

in
successively
IA.u. MtJ 2oo6,MtJ 2oo7, Nto 2o_o7,alyt 2oto,alt4 2oLL, M/, 20121 pg,No: 30

ot.
lo.Using Romberg's rule, evaluate correct to three decimal places by
ffi
taking 0 5, 0.25
and 0.125
'=

,, a, sp
lA.u. N/D 2OO7,NlD 2OtOl Pe.No:31
log
ll.Evaluate ur,nn Romberg's method correct to 4 decimal ptaces.
Jt;0,
Hence, deduce an approximate value of z

[/r.u M/J 2009, AlM 2iJLL, MlJ 201,2) Pg.No:32

s.b

12.The velocity v of a particle at a distance S from a point

on its path is given by
the tabte below.
ata

Estimate the time taken to travel 60 metres by using

Simpson,s one_third rule.
Compare your answer with Simpsont 3/8rule.
[A.U A/M 2O1O] pg,No: 33
d

13.8y dividing the range into ten equal parts, evaluate jsin
xdi by Trapezoidal and
vil

Simpson's rule. Verify your answer with integration.

IA.U, M/J 2oO6,MlJ zooT NlD 2ooq MlJ 2o13I ps,No!
14.Evaluate / = using (i) direct integration (ii) Trpezoidal rule
J*
Ci

OV
;l+r
(iii) Simpson's one-third rute (iv)Simpson,s three_eight rule
lA,U. NID 2Otrl ps.No:3s

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51

1s'er.n"tui!ff
by trapezoidar rormura
by takins h = k _ o.l

A.U, A/M 2OIOI pg.wor go

,u.evauate llffi;fd by trapezoidar rure

t.in
with rakins h=k=0.2s

17 Euatuate'llf#numericary
;: ;"::; ;l;"
spo
along y-direction.
[a'u' Mlt 2o'-2i Ps'No! 3a
1g. using Trapezoidar rure,
,"jS
evarua ,"*,n, u,rn, ,n,u--"-,.-'

[A'u' u'lr 2013]

log
'f
i].* Ps'No: 3e
lg.Evatuate i 1r7
using Simpsont one_third
rule

lA.U. iUJ 2O13I ps,Nor

s.b

%f
3e
2o.Evaruate /
= iyz4*
oot+ry
ur,n, Simpson,s
rute with lr= t I
=
4
tA'u' nn 20121
ata

21.use Gaussian three-point Pg'Ivo! 40

formur
a and evatuate
i-!dr

22'Evaruate 'tf## by Gaussian

tot" Ps''r'o! 41
,n."" oo,ntlol-1,1'
d
vil

tA,U, MlJ 2O13J Fltlo:

23. Find the first, 43
second and third
derivatives of f(x)
ate( = 1.5 if
x 1.5 2.0
(x) 3.0
Ci

3.5 4.O
_7.OOO 13.625
J4.OOO 59.000
IAU N/D
lozotz,n11 261f,f,fiffi
-38.875
Pg. o. zt4

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 g s
o
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. b l
a s
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