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Document Type Issuer Serial N° Rev.
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FOR OFFSHORE PLOT PLAN
CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................... 9
2. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................. 9
3. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 9
4. TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 11
5. INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................................................ 11
5.1 Platform Orientation and Deck Elevations ................................................................. 11
5.1.1 Environmental Considerations .................................................................... 11
5.1.1.1 Safe Area ..................................................................................... 11
5.1.1.2 Air Intakes and Airlocks ................................................................ 11
5.1.1.3 Ignition Sources ........................................................................... 12
5.1.1.4 Major Liquid Hydrocarbon Inventories ......................................... 12
5.1.1.5 Hydrocarbon Risers ..................................................................... 13
5.1.1.6 Helideck ....................................................................................... 13
• Helideck Elevation ..................................................................................................... 13
• Helideck Location and Orientation ............................................................................. 13
• Helideck Location ...................................................................................................... 13
• Helideck Orientation .................................................................................................. 14
• Helicopter Approach and Departure .......................................................................... 15
• Environmental Effects ................................................................................................ 15
• Aerodynamic Effects .................................................................................................. 16
• Ambient Temperature Rise ........................................................................................ 16
• Gas Turbine Exhaust Plumes .................................................................................... 16
• Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) .................................................................................... 16
• Equipment and Laydown Areas ................................................................................. 17
5.1.1.7 Boat Landing Location ................................................................. 17
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5.1.1.8 Flare Location .............................................................................. 17
5.1.1.9 Vent Boom Location ..................................................................... 17
5.1.1.10 Generator Exhausts ..................................................................... 18
5.1.1.11 Drilling / Jack-up Rig Approach .................................................... 18
5.2 Subsea Pipeline and Cable Routing .......................................................................... 18
5.3 Platform Crane .......................................................................................................... 18
5.4 Solar Panel Location ................................................................................................. 19
5.5 Installation Requirements .......................................................................................... 19
5.6 Deck Elevations ......................................................................................................... 19
5.6.1 Lowest Deck ............................................................................................... 19
5.6.2 Riser ESDV Elevation ................................................................................. 20
5.6.3 Drain Tank Elevation................................................................................... 20
5.6.4 Boat Landing Elevation ............................................................................... 20
5.6.5 Utility Connection at Boat Landing .............................................................. 20
5.6.6 Installation of Topside Facilities .................................................................. 20
5.6.7 Headroom for Drilling and Workover Operations ........................................ 21
5.6.8 Process Requirements................................................................................ 21
5.6.9 Examples .................................................................................................... 21
6. FACILITIES LAYOUT ......................................................................................................... 21
6.1 Hazardous Area ......................................................................................................... 21
6.1.1 Wellhead Area ............................................................................................ 22
6.1.2 Risers and ESDV Location ......................................................................... 23
6.1.3 Launchers and Receivers ........................................................................... 24
6.1.4 Production Separators ................................................................................ 25
6.1.5 Gas Compressors ....................................................................................... 25
6.1.6 Vessels ....................................................................................................... 26
6.1.7 Pumps ......................................................................................................... 26
6.1.8 Heat Exchangers ........................................................................................ 27

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6.1.9 Gas Air Coolers........................................................................................... 28
6.1.10 Flare Knockout Drums ................................................................................ 29
6.1.11 Fuel Gas Scrubbers .................................................................................... 29
6.1.12 Centrifuges and Filters ................................................................................ 29
6.1.13 Platform Crane ............................................................................................ 30
6.1.14 Dropped Object Study ................................................................................ 30
6.1.15 Diesel Storage Tanks.................................................................................. 31
6.1.16 Local Control Rooms, Switchgear and MCC .............................................. 31
6.1.17 Gas Turbine Generators ............................................................................. 31
6.1.18 Diesel Engines ............................................................................................ 32
6.2 Safe Area................................................................................................................... 32
6.3 Layout Considerations ............................................................................................... 33
6.3.1 Living Quarters ........................................................................................... 33
6.3.2 Temporary Refuge ...................................................................................... 33
6.3.3 Helideck ...................................................................................................... 33
6.3.4 Control Room .............................................................................................. 34
6.3.5 Instrument/Technical Rooms ...................................................................... 34
6.3.6 Power Generation and Distribution ............................................................. 34
6.3.7 Workshops .................................................................................................. 35
6.3.8 Store Rooms ............................................................................................... 35
6.3.9 Offices ......................................................................................................... 35
6.3.10 Telecommunications Equipment ................................................................. 35
6.3.11 Laboratories ................................................................................................ 35
6.3.12 Firewater Pumps ......................................................................................... 35
6.3.13 Air Compressors ......................................................................................... 36
6.3.14 HVAC .......................................................................................................... 36
6.3.15 Interconnecting Piping ................................................................................ 37
6.3.16 Segregation of Safe Area Facilities............................................................. 37

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6.4 Bridges ...................................................................................................................... 37
6.5 Piperacks ................................................................................................................... 37
6.6 Future Extensions...................................................................................................... 39
7. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .................................................................................. 39
7.1 Simplicity of Layout .................................................................................................... 39
7.2 Human Factors .......................................................................................................... 40
7.3 Access and Clearance ............................................................................................... 40
7.3.1 Operational Access ..................................................................................... 40
7.3.2 Maintenance Access ................................................................................... 40
7.3.3 Accessibility Levels ..................................................................................... 40
7.3.4 Location and Accessibility ........................................................................... 41
7.3.5 Space Sharing and Platform Volume .......................................................... 42
7.3.6 Provisions for Routine Operations .............................................................. 43
7.3.7 Provisions for Non-Routine Operations ...................................................... 43
7.3.8 Access Platforms Ladders and Stairs ......................................................... 44
7.3.9 Requirement for Permanent and Temporary Access.................................. 45
7.3.10 Overhead Clearances ................................................................................. 45
7.3.11 Minimum Horizontal Clearances ................................................................. 45
8. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 45
8.1 Passive Fire Protection .............................................................................................. 45
8.2 Active Fire Protection ................................................................................................ 46
8.2.1 Firewater Pumps ......................................................................................... 46
8.2.2 Firewater Main ............................................................................................ 46
8.2.3 Deluge Valves ............................................................................................. 47
8.2.4 Fire Monitors ............................................................................................... 47
8.2.5 Fire Hydrants .............................................................................................. 47
8.2.6 Hose Reels ................................................................................................. 47
8.2.7 AFFF System .............................................................................................. 48

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8.2.8 Twin Agent Units ......................................................................................... 48
8.2.9 Portable Fire Extinguishers ......................................................................... 48
9. PLATFORM EVACUATION ............................................................................................... 48
9.1 Primary Method ......................................................................................................... 48
9.2 Secondary Method .................................................................................................... 48
9.3 Tertiary Method ......................................................................................................... 49
9.4 Evacuation and Escape Routes ................................................................................ 50
9.4.1 Evacuation Routes ...................................................................................... 50
9.4.2 Primary Escape Routes .............................................................................. 50
9.4.3 Secondary Escape Routes ......................................................................... 50
9.4.4 Emergency Exits and Perimeter Walkways ................................................ 50
9.4.5 Arrangement ............................................................................................... 51
9.4.6 Use of Normal Access ................................................................................ 51
9.4.7 Stairway Landing ........................................................................................ 51
9.4.8 Protection .................................................................................................... 51
9.4.9 Doors .......................................................................................................... 51
9.4.10 Dead End Spaces ....................................................................................... 52
9.4.11 Material Handling Routes............................................................................ 52
9.5 Muster Areas ............................................................................................................. 52
9.6 Breathing Air System ................................................................................................. 52
10. MECHANICAL HANDLING ................................................................................................ 52
10.1 Maintenance and Handling Requirements ................................................................ 52
10.2 Manual Material Handling .......................................................................................... 53
10.2.1 Handling Equipment/Devices and Associated Facilities ............................. 53
10.2.2 Platform Crane ............................................................................................ 53
10.2.3 Monorails and Trolley Hoists....................................................................... 54
10.2.4 Trolleys ....................................................................................................... 54
10.2.5 Pallet Trucks ............................................................................................... 54

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10.2.6 Chain Hoists and Lifting Lugs ..................................................................... 54
10.2.7 Adjustable Girder Clamps ........................................................................... 54
10.2.8 Davits .......................................................................................................... 54
10.2.9 Pulling Devices ........................................................................................... 55
10.2.10 “Elephant” and Mobile Jib Cranes............................................................... 55
10.2.11 Temporary Frames ..................................................................................... 55
10.2.12 Plated Pallet Truck Access ......................................................................... 55
10.2.13 Ramps ........................................................................................................ 55
10.2.14 Workshops and Stores ............................................................................... 55
10.2.15 Supply Boats ............................................................................................... 56
10.2.16 Jack-up Barge and Derrick Crane............................................................... 56
10.3 Laydown Areas .......................................................................................................... 56
10.4 Layout Considerations ............................................................................................... 56
11. PLOT PLAN CHECKLIST .................................................................................................. 57
12. FEEDBACK ........................................................................................................................ 57
13. RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................................... 57
14. IMPLEMENTATION AND DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................ 57
15. FILING, UPDATING AND ARCHIVING .............................................................................. 58
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 : CHECKLIST FOR OFFSHORE PLOT PLANS

APPENDIX 2 : PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX 3 : TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF MANNED AND UNMANNED PLATFORMS
APPENDIX 4 : TYPICAL DRILLING RIG DETAILS
APPENDIX 5 : TYPICAL DRILLING AND WORKOVER OPERATIONS
APPENDIX 6 : TYPICAL DETAILS OF WELLHEAD/CHRISTMAS TREES AND BLOW-OUT

PREVENTER
APPENDIX 7 : TYPICAL HELIDECK DETAILS

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APPENDIX 8 : SUPPLY BOAT BERTHING CLEARANCE
APPENDIX 9 : RECOMMENDED AIR COOLER ARRANGEMENTS
APPENDIX 10 : TYPICAL GAS INJECTION PLATFORM
APPENDIX 11 : TYPICAL GAS COMPRESSOR PACKAGE
APPENDIX 12 : TYPICAL GAS TURBINE GENERATOR PACKAGE
APPENDIX 13 : TYPICAL FLOATOVER BARGE INSTALLATION PHOTOGRAPH
APPENDIX 14 : USER FEEDBACK SHEET

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1. OBJECTIVE
This guide document is intended for use by TECHNIP Piping Discipline as

specifically required by Company to comply internationally recognised engineering
practices.
The objective of this document is to set recommended Offshore Platform Plot Plan
guidelines based from collective experience acquired during involvement in design,
construction, operation and maintenance. This guideline is not to be construed as a
specification nor it is intended to override any other codes, standards and practices.
The guidelines contained in this document do not encompass all aspects of Offshore
Platform Plot Plan – it is only intended to augment engineering judgement. As
engineering requirements vary from one project to another, the principles set forth in
this document is provided to users for consideration and decision to implement.
This document is to be used, referred to, and implemented by:
♦ Piping LDE
♦ Piping Engineers
♦ Piping Designers
♦ Piping Checkers
2. SCOPE
Unless otherwise stated in the Project/Piping Quality Plan, this guide document
applies to all offshore platform projects carried out by TECHNIP.
3. REFERENCES
This guide document is to be implemented in conjunction with the following

documents:
♦ QM A 151 01 : TP Quality Manual
♦ GE A 353 01 : Guide Document – Piping CAD Drafting
♦ GE A 353 03 : Guide Document – Piping General Arrangement Drawings
♦ GE A 353 04 : Guide Document – Piping Flexibility and Stress Analysis
♦ GE A 353 07 : Guide Document – Piping Design Manual

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♦ GE A353 09 : Introduction to Piping Design and Engineering Activities
♦ GE-A 353-11 : Guide Document for Onshore Plot Plan
♦ GE-A 353-12 : Guide Document for Human Factor Engineering
♦ GE-A 353-13 : Guide Document for Material Handling
♦ GE-A353-22 : Guide Document for Onshore Piperack
International Codes and Standards
♦ API RP 2A : Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and

Construction of Fixed Offshore Platform
♦ API RP 2L : Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and

Constructing Heliports for Fixed Offshore Platforms
♦ API RP 14 E : Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform

System
♦ API RP 14 G : Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on

Open Type Offshore Production Platforms
♦ API RP 14 J : Design and Hazard Analysis for Offshore Production

Facilities
♦ ASTM F1166 : Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine
Systems, Equipment and Facilities
♦ IP 15 : Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations
♦ SOLAS (IMO) : Safety of Life at Sea
♦ ICAO Annex.14 : International Civil Aviation Organization – Heliports

Volume 14
♦ CAP 437 : Civil Aviation Authority Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas –

Guidance on Standards
♦ HSE Operations Notice 67 October 2004 : Offshore Helideck Design Guidelines

by Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
♦ ICAO Annex 14 VOL II 3rd Edition July 2009 : Aerodromes- Heliports
♦ CAA Paper 2004/02 January 2004 Edition : Helideck Design Considerations –

Environmental Effects
♦ CAA Paper 99004 August 2000 Edition : Research on Offshore Helideck

Environmental Issues

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♦ - : Oil & Gas UK – Guidelines for the Management of Offshore

Helicopter Operations- 2009 Edition ( Copy not available)
4. TERMINOLOGY
No specific terminology used.
5. INSTRUCTIONS
5.1 Platform Orientation and Deck Elevations
5.1.1 Environmental Considerations
The Platform orientation and elevations are generally most influenced by prevailing
wind, water current directions and water levels. When establishing the orientation
and space requirements of facilities, the following considerations should be taken into
account:
5.1.1.1 Safe Area
To maintain the integrity of the Safe Area, non-hazardous facilities shall be located
upwind and upcurrent (wind and water current are generally on the same direction) of
hydrocarbon and other hazardous facilities to ensure that:
1) In the event of a major gas leak prevailing wind will direct fire, smoke, and
escaping hydrocarbon gases away from the Safe Area as well as away from the
facilities.
2) In the event of a major oil spill prevailing water current will direct pool fires away
from the Safe Area as well as away from the facilities.
5.1.1.2 Air Intakes and Airlocks
1) HVAC Air Intakes
HVAC air intakes should be located upwind or crosswind of hydrocarbon

facilities and away from generator exhausts to prevent ingress of hydrocarbon
gases and hot gases into the Living Quarters, Control Rooms and other air-
conditioned rooms where personnel have to remain most of the time during
normal operation and even during emergency.
2) Generator Air Intakes

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Generator air intakes should be located upwind or crosswind of hydrocarbon or

away from hazardous area to ensure a clean air inlet and prevent hydrocarbon
vapour ingestion.
3) Compressor Air Intakes
Compressor Air Intakes should be located away from hazardous area and
preferably upwind or crosswind to avoid vapour ingestion in case of leakage
from compressors and associated piping.
4) Airlocks
Airlocks should preferably be located upwind or crosswind of hydrocarbon

facilities. These should be located as far away and should not be oriented
towards the hazardous area.
Separate air locks should be provided for Battery Rooms to avoid the potential
for hydrocarbon ingress from batteries to adjacent rooms.
5.1.1.3 Ignition Sources
Potential ignition sources should be located upwind or crosswind of hydrocarbon

facilities to ensure that in the event of leaks, prevailing winds will not direct
hydrocarbon gases towards ignition sources such as:
1) Direct Fired Heaters
2) Gas Turbine Generators
3) Diesel Generators
4) Firewater Pumps
5) Sparks from Generator Exhausts
6) Electrical Equipment
7) Instrument Equipment
8) Telecommunications Equipment
9) Workshops
10) Living Quarters
5.1.1.4 Major Liquid Hydrocarbon Inventories
Pool fires can occur when liquid hydrocarbons leak onto sea surface and ignite that
are likely to threaten the structural integrity of the Platform jackets. Hydrocarbon
risers, wellheads and equipment handling high volume hydrocarbon inventories shall
be located as far as downwind as possible as these facilities can leak and cause pool
fires.

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5.1.1.5 Hydrocarbon Risers
Hydrocarbon risers constitute majority of flammable inventories that can create gas
clouds and oil spills of considerable size upon rupture. Locate hydrocarbon risers as
far as downwind as possible to take advantage of prevailing wind and water current
to direct gas leaks and oil spills away from the platform.
5.1.1.6 Helideck
(Refer to Appendix - 7 for Typical Helideck details)
• Helideck Elevation
Helideck should ideally be located above or at least equal to, all significant
surrounding structures such as platform cranes, telecommunication towers,
accommodation and other high structures or solid obstacles. This will minimise
interference and occurrence of turbulence and downdraft downwind of adjacent
structures.
Helideck should not be located more than 60m above sea level as helicopter
operations can be adversely affected by low cloud base conditions.
Conversely low level helidecks may also adversely affect helicopter operations due to
one-engine-inoperative performance characteristics. It should be noted that following
a power failure, it may be necessary for the helicopter to descend and gain sufficient
speed and safely fly away or to land on the water. The minimum level of the
helideck is generally 15m for Performance Class 2 helicopters however this requires
further confirmation from aviation authorities.
• Helideck Location and Orientation
The location of a helideck on a fixed or mobile installation is often a compromise

between potentially conflicting demands of other basic layout requirements such as
gas dispersion, hydrocarbon releases, marine operation, installation, evacuation,
space limitations, and the need for the installation to provide for a variety of functions
that form part of a Platform Location and Orientation Study. However following basic
requirements must be considered in helideck layout:
• Helideck Location
♦ Located at a safe area and helicopter should not fly over hydrocarbon facilities to
reach the helideck.
♦ Free from potentially explosive atmosphere, flare, vents and other possible
hydrocarbon releases.

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♦ Clear from smoke emitted by generators, gas turbines and other emissions that
reduce pilot’s visibility as well as hot gas plumes during landing and take-off.
♦ Clear or at least away from solid blocks or structures that may cause air
turbulence and affects helicopter landing and take-off operations.
♦ Drilling and Workover Rigs in position at a Wellhead Platform located in close

proximity can render a helideck inoperable. Although these are temporary,
drilling campaign takes a considerable time (ranging from 6-24 months).
♦ Jack-up Barge during maintenance can also infringe helicopter operations.
♦ Clear from platform crane other moving obstacles that may distract pilot’s
attention.
♦ Availability of 210° obstacle free sector (OFS) for the approaching/departing

helicopter with sufficient vertical clearance and a clear falling 5:1 gradient below
the landing area within 180° sector.
♦ Locate facilities adjacent to helideck within the permitted limits of 150˚ Limited
Obstacle Sector (LOS).
♦ Availability of clear air gap below the helideck to avoid excessive vertical airflow
that affects helicopter operations.
♦ Locate at a corner or edge of a platform. It is recommended to maintain a 50%

overhang of the helideck to allow turbulent airflow to pass below the helideck.
♦ Maintain unobstructed airflow above and below the helideck.
• Helideck Orientation
Helideck orientation is decided by competing requirements of helicopter approaches

into the wind direction and environmental effects at the landing area.
There could always be trade-off between helicopter crosswind operations and gas
releases, turbulent wakes, exhaust plumes towards the landing area.
♦ Upwind
Preferred orientation for fixed offshore helideck located on or adjacent to

hydrocarbon bearing facilities as prevailing wind directs hydrocarbon gas
releases, smoke and hot gas emissions away from the landing area.
♦ Crosswind
In case upwind orientation is not practical, provided prevailing wind directs

hydrocarbon gas releases, smoke and hot gas emissions away from the landing
area.

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♦ Downwind
Not acceptable orientation for fixed offshore helideck located on or adjacent to

hydrocarbon bearing facilities as prevailing wind directs hydrocarbon gas
releases, smoke and hot gas emissions towards the landing area.
However, downwind is also a preferred orientation for helideck located on purely

non-hazardous facilities. In this case helicopter can approach directly into the
majority of seasonal strong wind direction.
• Helicopter Approach and Departure
In addition to environmental effects, an ideal flight operation has two basic

requirements:
1) Into the Wind Heading
Locate helideck in such a manner that the obstacle free sector has the most
favourable direction for helicopter operations. Location and orientation should
ensure that helicopter operations should take advantage of the seasonal wind
directions by:
♦ Avoiding downwind operations
♦ Preferably approaching into the wind operations
♦ Minimising crosswind operations
2) Clear Overshoot
Approach flight paths should provide for an overshoot which does not encroach
on the restricted zone in the event that the landing approach is aborted.
• Environmental Effects
Environmental effects are invisible restrictions to helicopter operations that must be

identified, quantified and taken into full account when locating a helideck. These are
consistently overlooked and can only be assessed by Wind Tunnel Testing and CFD
(Computational Fluid Dynamics) Studies that can only be carried out by a third party
consultant. Although helideck designers have no ready means of predicting
aerodynamic and temperature effects, the impact of environmental effects to the
design can be minimised by considering the following at early stage of design:

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• Aerodynamic Effects
Helidecks are basically flat plates and relatively streamlined structures and isolation
would present little disturbance to the wind flow. Difficulties arise because the wind
must deviate around the bulk of the offshore installation causing turbulent airflows
that can seriously affect helicopter operations. The effects fall into three main
categories:
♦ Flow around the bulk of slab-sided, non-streamlined assemblies of the offshore

installation.
♦ Flow around large items of superstructure, notably cranes, drilling derricks and
exhaust stacks.
♦ Hot gas flows emitted from exhausts outlets and flare systems.
• Ambient Temperature Rise
Hot gas emissions from gas turbine generators( temperatures in excess of 400˚C are
normal) , generator exhaust from mobile units, flare radiation, are common sources
of sudden increases in environmental temperature over ambient can cause an abrupt
loss of engine and rotor performance at most critical stage of the helicopter
operations.
• Gas Turbine Exhaust Plumes
Turbulence from turbine exhausts is also hazard to helicopters as in the associated

increase in temperature. The helideck should be located such that prevailing wind
directs the plumes away from the helicopter approach and departure paths. It is
recommended that the exhaust stacks should project at least 20-30 m above the
helideck to be sufficiently high to ensure that the plumes are above the helicopter
approach path.
• Lower Flammable Limit (LFL)
Helideck should be located as remote as possible from probable sources of

hydrocarbon gas releases as the helicopter is a potential ignition source and can not
fly over a cloud of hydrocarbons. However as space is often a limitation in an
offshore installation the maximum permissible concentration of hydrocarbon gas
within the helicopter operating area is 10% LFL. Concentrations above 10% LFL
have potential to cause helicopter to surge and/or flame out with the consequent risk
to the helicopter and its passengers.

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• Equipment and Laydown Areas
The helideck design should seek to ensure that no equipment and laydown areas
below helideck or adjacent to helideck are located to avoid bulky or tall items that
may cause turbulence.
5.1.1.7 Boat Landing Location
(Refer Appendix - 8 for Typical Supply Boat Clearance)
1) Supply boats should normally approach against the prevailing wind and water
current directions to reduce the possible risk of impact to the Platform structure
upon power loss. Ideally boat landing location should be located parallel to the
prevailing wind and water current directions but it is also acceptable to locate
this perpendicular provided the supply boat can approach against the prevailing
wind and water directions.
2) The boat fender should extend away from the jacket structure to avoid collision
between the topside structure and Supply Boat mast. At least 1500mm
clearance from the topside structure and the Supply Boat mast is generally
considered adequate to compensate the Supply Boat movement during transfer
operations.
3) At the early stage of the layout, the Supply Boat details must be requested from
the Clients to support layout studies.
5.1.1.8 Flare Location
The location of flare downwind of the facilities would ensure that prevailing wind will
direct un-ignited hydrocarbon gases (in case of a flare failure), toxic gas
concentrations, and hot gas streams away from the Safe Area, air intakes, crane cab,
operating areas and adjacent Platform. On the contrary an ignited flare is also a
potential ignition source that could pose as a hazard when prevailing wind would
direct hydrocarbon leaks towards the ignited flare. Downwind location should not be
considered unless the flare is high or far (as in the case of a remote flare) to avoid
risk. The location of flare perpendicular the prevailing wind is generally the preferred
option as it eliminates most of the major risks.
Radiation and dispersion calculations will be required to establish the exclusion

zones for supply boat and helicopter approach as well the relative location of the flare
stack away from the facilities.
5.1.1.9 Vent Boom Location
The vent boom should preferably be located downwind or perpendicular of the

Platform to ensure that prevailing wind will aid the dispersion of hydrocarbon gases
away from ignition sources and away from the facilities.

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Dispersion calculations will be required to establish the exclusion zones for supply
boat and helicopter approaches as well the relative location of hazardous vents away
for the facilities
5.1.1.10 Generator Exhausts
The orientation of generator exhausts shall ensure that prevailing wind will direct
smoke and hot gases away from the Safe Area, cranes cabs, helideck, operating
areas, HVAC air intakes, generator air intakes.
Exhausts should be taken at least 3000mm to the edge of non-hazardous area to

ensure sparks (glowing particle of carbon) from generators may not present a source
of ignition that could drift towards the hydrocarbon facilities.
Generator exhausts are generally fitted with spark arrestors with a tail pipe located at
least 4500mm away from air intake to avoid cross flow of fresh air and hot gas.
Gas Turbine Generators and Direct Fired Heaters generally burn toxic gases. The
characteristics of exhaust stacks should be arranged to ensure that toxic
concentrations of pollutants should not drift or settle at Safe Area and other operating
areas. These are generally located at least 2m outside the hazardous area with the
stack height defined considering SO2 dispersion and exhaust gas temperature profile
with respect to Crane Cab and adjacent elevated access platforms.
The location of Generator Exhausts shall ensure no re-circulation occurs to HVAC

and Generator Air Intakes.
5.1.1.11 Drilling / Jack-up Rig Approach
In case of emergency, the Platform orientation should allow the vessel to evacuate
the Platform safely by drifting away from the facilities with the aid of the prevailing
wind and water current.
5.2 Subsea Pipeline and Cable Routing
The possibility of damage to the subsea pipeline and cable should be minimised by
ensuring that these are routed away from the Platform crane drop zones, boat
landing, Jack-up Rig approach and vessel mooring points.
5.3 Platform Crane
The Platform Crane should be located on the same side as the Boat Landing where
supply boats approach during normal transfer operations.

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5.4 Solar Panel Location
In order to maximise power generation efficiency, the solar arrays should face the
sun radiation on the east and west directions where the sun rises and sets
respectively.. In addition to that it should also face towards southern or northern
hemisphere depending on the geographical location of the platform. Cantilevered
platforms are generally provided to allow supporting, inspection and periodic cleaning
of solar arrays. The location and elevation of the solar arrays must take into account
the following:
1) No structures or equipment should protrude and create shadow above the solar
arrays so as to reduce its power generation efficiency.
2) The solar arrays should be located away and well clear from the 180° falling
obstacle sector of helicopter approach and departure.
5.5 Installation Requirements
The Platform orientation should have the provision for a vessel approach to allow
installation of major future facilities without posing any significant obstacles from
subsea pipelines, flare / vent booms, interconnecting bridges, crane and other
sensitive facilities.
5.6 Deck Elevations
Any structure or equipment located in the wave zone shall be capable of withstanding
the forces imposed by wave impact, and facilities located at the splash zone region
must be protected from potential corrosion and marine growth. Factors dictating the
deck elevations include:
5.6.1 Lowest Deck
The topside structures should be located above the wave zones. Non-cylindrical
structural members often pose as a geometrical constraint in setting the Lowest Deck
elevation. To optimise the cost topside deck structures, it is normal to provide a
1500mm minimum air gap from the bottom of the lowest deck structure and above
the 100-year wave crest.
Consideration shall be given to “Green water effect” and particle velocity, especially
applicable to floating platforms and whose effect may be felt well above the air gap.
Design boundaries shall be defined at early stage and effect in piping material
selection and stress analysis to be taken into account for piping subject to these
forces (i.e. GRE or Plastic piping is not advisable to be installed in such areas)..

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5.6.2 Riser ESDV Elevation
The Riser ESDV should be located above the 100-year wave crest and preferably
above 1500mm air gap to protect this from forces imposed by the highest wave
impact. It is also acceptable to locate the riser ESDV within the air gap provided this
is supported to withstand the loads imposed by the 100-year wave.
Consideration shall be given to “Green water effect” and particle velocity, especially
applicable to floating platforms and whose effect may be felt well above the air gap.
Design boundaries shall be defined at early stage and effect in piping material
selection and stress analysis to be taken into account for piping subject to these
forces (i.e. GRE or Plastic piping is not advisable to be installed in such areas).
5.6.3 Drain Tank Elevation
To allow a gravity collection of effluents from the Platform, the Drain Tank shall be
located at the lowest level of the Platform. These should preferably be located above
the air gap of 100-year wave crest when it is practical. In most of cases the cost of
additional jacket legs and lifting/ transportation limitations of topside facilities would
require these to be located within the highest wave zone. In this case these must be
supported to withstand the loads imposed by the 100-year wave crest. 1 (Refer the
foot note)
5.6.4 Boat Landing Elevation
The boat landing structures are normally designed into different stages of elevations
to cater for variations in water levels.
5.6.5 Utility Connection at Boat Landing
Utility connections at Boat landing Level should be located above the splash zone to
protect these from potential corrosion and marine growth. 1 (Refer the foot note on
Page No.15)
5.6.6 Installation of Topside Facilities
Lifting of the Topside Facilities sometimes poses a significant constraint in design

due to limited capacities of installation barge locally available. Limitations generally
involve lifting weight and Platform elevation. In setting the Platform elevation ensure
these limitations are in compliance with the Derrick Barge requirements.
For Floatover installation, the topside and jacket configuration will be dictated by the
marine spread of installation barge. The platform orientation must also take into
account the installation of topsides facilities, with reference to prevailing wind
direction. Refer to Appendix 13 for a typical floatover installation photograph.

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5.6.7 Headroom for Drilling and Workover Operations
Sufficient headroom shall be provided above the Wellheads/Christmas trees and

conductors for the installation of Blowout Preventer (BOP) during drilling and wireline
operations. The elevation of the top deck at Wellbay shall be well clear from the
bottom of the drill floor of the cantilever Jack-up Rig.
5.6.8 Process Requirements
The vertical relationships between equipment shall be considered to ensure that

Platform Deck heights meet the process requirements such as pump NPSH (net
positive suction head), gravity flow, sloping lines and no pockets.
5.6.9 Examples
See Appendix - 3 for Typical Arrangement of manned and unmanned platforms, see
Appendix - 10 for Typical Arrangement gas injection platform.
6. FACILITIES LAYOUT
The goals of Facilities Layout are:
♦ Minimise the probability of fire to occur
♦ Minimise escalation should a fire occur
♦ Provide adequate facilities for personnel to evacuate the platform should an

emergency occur.
Segregation and separation of Equipment is inherently safe means of reducing the

probability of hazardous events from occurring and if not, preventing initiating event
from escalating. As a minimum requirement, units generating ignition sources should
be segregated from fuel sources. Greater separation distances between equipment
provide greater protection and should be used where space allows. However, the
compactness of Offshore Platform often leads to physical barriers rather than
separation distance in order to reduce the escalation of potential events.
6.1 Hazardous Area
The principal aim of Hazardous Area Classification is to avoid ignition of flammable

hydrocarbons by minimising the probability of coincidence of a flammable
atmosphere and a source of ignition. Hazardous areas are further subdivided into
zones progressively decreasing away from the Safe Area based on the degree of
pressure and volume of flammable inventories. Classification into zones forms the
basis for selection and protection of electrical equipment in the area concerned and
for the safe positioning of other potential sources of ignition (e.g. fired heaters,

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internal combustion engines, etc.) taking into account of the gas releases that can
occur in normal operation.
It is not the aim of Hazardous Area Classification to guard against the ignition of
flammable vapour from releases with a very low probability of occurrence, such as
catastrophic failures, though these must be considered during the layout stage.
Types of Hazardous Zones are generally classified into:
Zone 0: Where an explosive atmosphere is or likely to be continuously present.
Zone 1: Where an explosive atmosphere is likely to be present in normal condition

of operation
Zone 2: Where an explosive atmosphere is likely to be present in abnormal

condition of operation and if it occurs in normal condition it will be short
duration only.
6.1.1 Wellhead Area
The highest pressures encountered on an Offshore Platform will normally be the

wellheads. Uncontrolled flow from the wellheads can be very difficult to contain.
Protection of wellheads shall receive a high degree of protection by:
1) Providing adequate ventilation. The area should be as open as possible with a

minimum two sides of the structure open. Grating at wellhead deck should be
maximised to the extent possible to aid gas dispersion as well as to prevent mud
spillage from flooding the operating area during drilling operations.
2) Locating the wellheads far away from ignition sources, fuel storage, and rotating
equipment.
3) Protecting these from dropped objects during drilling and workover operations by
providing a plated structural support above the Christmas trees.
4) Locating the conductors preferably within the jackets or outboard the jacket with
a provision for conductor fenders to protect these from the impact of Drilling /
Workover Rigs as well as from support vessels approaching the Platform.
The location and configuration of the Wellhead Area is also influenced by other
factors:
1) These must be located where adequate structural support can be provided for
the conductors, drilling and workover equipment.
2) These must be accessible by Drilling and Workover Rigs. The drilling rig options
shall be considered and evaluated during the early stage of the design.
3) The conductor spacing must be adequate to accommodate the access

requirements for the Christmas trees to be used as well as to meet the

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requirements of the drilling program. Typically the drilling rig must be able to
reach all the slots without requiring the vessel to move to another location to drill
slots located at extreme locations.
Removable hatch covers shall provide over well slots for Drilling and Workover
operations.
The production and test manifold location shall take into account the required flowline
flexibility to compensate the wellhead movement and pipe thermal expansion.
See Appendix - 4, for Typical Drilling by details.
See Appendix - 5, for Typical Drilling and work over operations.
See Appendix - 6 for Typical details of wellhead / Christmas trees and blow out
preventer
6.1.2 Risers and ESDV Location
1) Riser Location
Risers contain the major hydrocarbon inventory in the platform. These can
create gas clouds and oil spills of considerable size upon rupture. Locate
hydrocarbon risers as far as downwind as possible to:
Take advantage of the prevailing wind to disperse hydrocarbon gases away

from the Platform.
Take advantage of the prevailing water current to cause oil spills to drift
away from the Platform.
Naturally keep the risers far away from the Safe Area and known ignition
sources.
The possibility of damage to the subsea pipeline should be minimised by

ensuring these are:
Routed away from the Platform Crane drop zones so as to keep these away
from dropped object during routine transfer operations.
Routed away from boat landing to protect these from supply boat impact
upon power loss and should the vessel losses draft on a shallow water.
Routed away from the jack-up rig approach and vessel mooring points to
protect from jack-up legs and during drilling, workover and maintenance.
Hydrocarbon subsea pipeline shall not be routed close to the Safe Area due to
the consequences of considerable gas leaks and pool fires that can occur and
cause a life threatening impact to the Platform.

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2) Riser ESDV's (Emergency Shutdown Valves) Location
The Riser ESDV's primarily isolates the pipeline inventory from the topside
facilities during emergency. In order to achieve maximum ESDV reliability
ensure that:
These are located on an operating level that can easily be accessed at all
times with sufficient area and lifting facilities to allow quick operation,
inspection, testing and maintenance.
These are adequately protected from environment by preferably locating

these above the 100-year wave crest and within the extent of 1500mm-air
gap. This scheme usually leads to higher jacket structure that is prohibitively
expensive. An acceptable alternative is to locate these within the air gap
provided these are supported to withstand the loads imposed by the 100-
year wave.
These are located below the lowest level of the platform and close to the
base of the vertical riser in order to isolate the majority of the pipeline
inventory from topside incident.
These are located out of the path of projectiles emitted from an explosion of
adjacent equipment.
6.1.3 Launchers and Receivers
1) Launcher and Receiver shall be located in a well ventilated areas with their
doors facing outboard of the platform and away from adjacent critical facilities to
reduce the possibility of any projectiles from hitting personnel, adjacent critical
equipment and the Safe Area in the event of a closure failure.
2) Lifting facilities should be taken into account with due consideration for space
requirement for handling and storage of pigging tools. Horizontal launchers and
receivers suitable for intelligent pigging with nominal size 12” and above are
generally provided with lifting facilities.
3) The space requirements for pigging operation must be considered such as:
Handling and storage of pigging tools
Riser bends
Approximate riser bend radii to allow passage of tools can be taken initially
as:
Foam Pigs and Spheres 3D is generally used

6D-10D for sizes 4” to 8”
Intelligent Tools 5D for sizes 10”-16”
3D for sizes 18” and above

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4) Elevations should be kept to a minimum but of sufficient height to allow

inventories to be drained. The bottom of the closure end should be at least
700mm from the deck to facilitate handling of pigging tools.
5) Where launchers and receivers are located adjacent to each other, a minimum
clearance of 500mm between should be maintained between valves and flanges
to allow adequate access for wrench and bolt tensioners.
6) When bi-directional pigging is required the launchers may require a longer

space.
7) Spheres may hold up or be destroyed if barred tees are used. The space
requirement for sphere tees should be considered when spheres are to be used
during pigging operation.
8) For horizontal receivers the barrel may be sloped (typically 1:100) down towards
the end of the closure to improve draining of liquids from the barrel horizontal
launchers may be sloped (typically 1:100) down towards the pipeline for
bidirectional traps the barrel should be level.
6.1.4 Production Separators
Production Separators generally contain high volume hydrocarbon inventories.

These should be located away from ignition sources and near the wellheads and
protected from mechanical damage by locating these below the lowest structure to
the extent practical. The normal flow pattern is frequently from the wellheads to the
separators, so placing the two areas near each other should simplify interconnecting
piping.
6.1.5 Gas Compressors
1) Gas compressors and its associated facilities such as scrubbers, coolers and
piping represent the highest gas release that create potential hazard due to
ignition associated with rotating equipment. Ensure that these are located on a
well-ventilated area to allow prevailing wind to disperse hydrocarbon gases away
from the area.
2) Compressors having horizontal split casing will require removal of top casing to
be removed before the rotor assembly can be lifted. The maintenance envelope
requires considerable space taking into account the weight and space
requirement for removable spools, top casing and the rotor assembly.
3) Compressors having vertical split type will require removal of the rotor assembly
without necessarily dismantling removable spools or other piping components.
The maintenance envelope requires less space as horizontal split casing type
but care must taken so as not to obstruct the rotor withdrawal area.
4) Compressor bearings receive lubricating oil from the lube oil console. These
consoles maybe standalone unit or directly mounted on the compressor

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package. The console is package equipment supplied by the compressor vendor

and usually includes oil reservoir, pumps, filters, coolers and controls. The space
requirements for maintenance and operation shall be considered taking into
account removal of cooler tube bundle, filter withdrawal, and pump maintenance.
5) Adequate access around the compressor is required to ensure that frequently

operated valves and monitored instruments are accessible at all times.
6) Compressors require relatively heavy lifts hence permanent lifting facilities is

desirable.
7) The Knockout Drum should be located close to the compressor to optimise

piperuns with due consideration to slope and no pocket requirements.
8) Compressors should preferably be located perpendicular to the piperack.
See Appendix -11, for Typical gas compressor package.
6.1.6 Vessels
1) Horizontal vessel handling hydrocarbons should be oriented such that their

heads point toward the open sides of the platform in order to avoid the threat of
projectiles impacting adjacent critical facilities following a vessel explosion.
2) The major axes of the horizontal vessels should be along the natural ventilation
path to reduce the potential for an explosion overpressure.
3) Manholes and access platforms should preferably be located on the access

aisles.
4) All instruments, stand pipes, sampling points should be located at one side of a
horizontal vessel to facilitate operation and maintenance.
5) A davit usually handles piping component and vessel internals.
6) When arranging common platforms for vessels in-line, allowance shall be

provided for differential expansion between vessels. Using hinges and slots in
the platforms between vessels is a common practice that introduces the required
flexibility.
6.1.7 Pumps
1) Pump suction and discharge should face and be located close to the equipment
from fluid intake.
2) When locating the pumps, ensure that NPSH requirements are met.
3) Where practical horizontal pumps should be grouped with the pump drives lined
facing the maintenance aisles so as to facilitate withdrawal of pump motor.

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4) Specialists select pumps and the Piping Designer has little influence on the
basic selection. However the Layout Designer can request preferred orientation
for suction/discharge and NPSH limitations during the early stage of the design.
5) Some pumps require seal oil tanks that could take more space than the pump.
Ensure that the installation requirements of seal oil tanks are taken into account
when establishing the pump spacing.
6) MOL (Main Oil Line) Pumps should be located in well-ventilated area due to the
large inventory of high-pressure oil involved and potential hazards associated
with rotating equipment.
7) Pumps handling flammable products shall not be located under air coolers,
piperacks and vessels.
8) Pumps and driver axis should be oriented perpendicular to piperacks or other

equipment to minimise fire exposure in case of a pump seal failure.
9) High-pressure charge pump should be separated from any other major process
equipment and other pumps.
10) When locating pumps, consideration shall be given to minimum straight run
requirement on suction (and sometimes discharge) piping, specially for large
diameter piping.
6.1.8 Heat Exchangers
1) Heat exchangers should be grouped together wherever possible.
2) The working areas shall be kept clear of any piping and accessories to facilitate
removal of tube bundle, channel, shell cover, as well as for maintenance and
cleaning.
3) Provide lifting facilities and ensure the tube bundles can be withdrawn easily
without posing any hindrance to escape route.
4) Sufficient space shall be kept between adjacent heat exchangers to allow

installation of inlet and outlet control valves.
5) Plate type heat exchangers require access for the opening of covers and
removal of plates.
6) Provide adequate space around the heat exchangers for the portable pickling
and passivation tanks that will be used during routine and turnaround
maintenance.
7) Wrench clearance of approximately 500mm should be provided at the exchanger

flanges.

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6.1.9 Gas Air Coolers
Gas Air Coolers bundles are highly vulnerable to damage within a few minutes under
fire exposure. Air movement increases the fire escalation and that the failure of a
tube could release additional combustible fluid to the fire hence these are considered
as having the high ability in promoting fire escalation. In the sitting of air coolers, due
consideration shall be taken of the fire hazards associated with the release of
flammable fluids that could be in contact from equipment and piping beneath or
adjacent to the coolers.
These are traditionally located above the main pipe rack and strategically located
such that all burdens can be lifted out without lifting over live hydrocarbon equipment.
Other considerations include:
1) Fired Heaters (at least 10m) and Gas Compressor (at least 5m) must be located
away from Air Coolers.
2) Pumps, other equipment, valves and flanges handling hydrocarbons should not
be located below the air coolers.
3) Equipment shall not be located above air coolers.
4) The cooler tube bundles are susceptible to mechanical damage hence these
must be afforded with maximum protection from dropped objects by keeping
these away from crane dropped zones during routine maintenance.
5) Air Coolers shall be located so that the hot air emitted is not a hazard or an
inconvenience to personnel and has no adverse effect on the operation of
adjacent equipment. Generally these are preferably located downwind of the
facilities to take advantage of the prevailing wind to disperse hot air away from
operating areas.
6) Care shall be taken when placing induced draft and forced draft coolers adjacent
to each other so as to ensure that personnel maintaining the cooler fans of
induced coolers will not be exposed to hot air coming from the forced draft
coolers. Locate induced coolers upwind of forced draft coolers to take advantage
of the prevailing wind to disperse hot air away from operating area.
7) Cooler elevations should not be set lower than any nearby elevated access
platforms to avoid the potential for hot air being directed towards adjacent
operating areas. If unavoidable needs to be studied / coordinated with safety /
projects.
8) Where possible, air coolers should be grouped with a common elevation. Air
coolers of different fan intake elevation shall not be located adjacent to one
another to avoid hot air recirculation.
9) Platforms are required below the air cooled exchangers to access the motors
and fan drives. These platforms must allow access without scaffolding. The
height of the fan inlets of forced draft coolers or of the underside of the bundle of

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induced draft coolers shall be at least one fan diameter above the nearest solid
horizontal obstruction to airflow.
10) For forced draft air coolers permanent maintenance access beneath the fans
must be provided, the area and construction of the fan access platform must not
restrict the air flow to the fans.
11) Where coolers are located above piperacks, the minimum clearance should be
at least 2.4m from the top of the pipes with due consideration for the minimum
headroom to maintain the motors.
12) Supports of the air coolers should preferably coincide with the piperack width to
transmit the air cooler loads to the piperack column.
13) A straight tube length of 9m or 12m is generally preferred.
14) The maximum tube bundle overhang is taken as 1m from the cooler column
supports.
15) Provisions for thermal expansion of the tubes shall be taken into account. The
tubes must be free to expand independently of the structure. Nozzles between
the tube bundles shall be fixed end to minimise thermal expansion stresses.
See Appendix – 9, for Recommended air cooler arrangements.
6.1.10 Flare Knockout Drums
Flare Knockout Drums are critical equipment during emergency depressurisation that
their locations require protection from the hazard from adjacent high pressure/high
volume hydrocarbon inventories, ignition sources and rotating equipment. These
drums generally handle H2S and it is always mandatory to locate these at well
ventilated area, preferably at the end, downwind or crosswind of process area where
prevailing wind can provide aid to disperse toxic gases away from the Platform.
Free draining condensate from flare headers towards the drums always dictate these
equipment to be located at the lowest level of the platform.
6.1.11 Fuel Gas Scrubbers
To maintain a dry gas supply, Fuel Gas Scrubbers should be located below the users
to allow free draining condensates from the headers back to the scrubber.
6.1.12 Centrifuges and Filters
1) Centrifuges
Centrifuges shall be arranged so that basket can readily be removed.

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Centrifuges shall be located and supported so that vibration is eliminated

and there is no possibility of transmitting vibration to adjacent structures.
Headroom and access are essential under a supporting structure for

bottom-unloading of centrifuges.
The supporting structure must provide for space for the removal of the entire
centrifuge.
2) Filters
Larger filter basket is similar (except for weight) to centrifuge basket

handling. Nozzles and piping should be arranged so that disconnection of
piping components will not be necessary.
Wrench clearance of at least 500mm should be provided between filter

flanges.
6.1.13 Platform Crane
1) Optimum positioning of Platform Crane shall ensure that majority of the

maintenance activities can be performed within its operating capability. As a
minimum the Crane should be located on the same side as the boat landing with
sufficient operating radius to reach the supply boat deck, laydown areas and
hatches. The laydown areas should be visible to the crane operator to allow a
safe transfer operation to/from supply boats.
2) The routine operational swing zones shall not pass over live equipment and
facilities “containing hydrocarbons” unless the same has been provided with
adequate dropped object protection (DOP). Crane movement above such
equipment shall be performed only for major maintenance activities after the
equipment have depressurised and drained and all safety measures put in place
by Operators.
3) Platform Cranes are generally provided with boom rest and sheave maintenance
platform.
4) A further consideration is the capacity and reach of the platform crane to rig
workover equipment.
6.1.14 Dropped Object Study
The study considers the normal operational activities that will be carried out during
the lifetime of the facility. Other activities such as construction/ installation and initial
startup will not be part of this study and must be considered in the construction
procedures.
The study should be performed once Plot Plan, material handling study (philosophy)
and equipment list has been issued for Client approval.

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The followings are items to be considered during the study:
1) Main handling/lifting equipment such as Platform Crane and monorails to be

identified.
2) Lifting routes will be identified as such to minimize the requirement to lift objects
over live equipment or areas where significant damage could occur.
3) Where possible, lifts will be routed to avoid passing over hydrocarbon equipment
and systems. This includes sea-lines from platforms.
4) Each lift will be carried out within the capacity of the lifting device.
5) Heavy and/or complex lifts to be identified for further studies to be performed by

operation personnel.
6) The potential for damage from a swinging load will be minimized. Items to be
lowered on designated areas (deck laydown area) before transporting them, by
trolleys, trucks and transportation devices, to the required destination.
7) Location of maintenance and laydown areas considering frequency lifting as

well.
6.1.15 Diesel Storage Tanks
Diesel Storage Tanks may be potentially hazardous due to liquid fuel contained and
the associated venting of gases. These should be remote or otherwise protected
from wellheads and potential sources of ignition such as rotating equipment,
workshops and Living Quarters.
6.1.16 Local Control Rooms, Switchgear and MCC
Local, not normally manned Control Rooms and Switchgear, MCC rooms may be
located outside the Safe Area adjacent to the respective equipment where
appropriate.
6.1.17 Gas Turbine Generators
1) Gas Turbine Generators shall be located in Safe Area and remote from process
area as practical.
2) Suitable laydown areas shall be provided close to the equipment for the
components dismantling during maintenance. Such components include
sections of acoustic enclosures, casings, ducting, covers, rotors, and sections of
exhaust diffuser.

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6.1.18 Diesel Engines
Diesel Engines located at hazardous areas are generally provided within enclosures
to reduce ignition probability.
See Appendix – 12, for Typical gas turbine generator package.
6.2 Safe Area
The Safe Area provides a safe environment for Platform monitoring and control from
which to supervise emergency response. The facility control centre shall be situated
and protected such that it remains unaffected by any hazardous events occurring in
the Platform. This shall be designed such that its endurance for prolonged events is
compatible with the overall plan for escape and evacuation. It shall not only include
structural endurance but also for the continuous provision of supporting utilities such
as power, communications, air supply, firewater, controls, etc. The facilities located at
the Safe Area generally include:
1) Living Quarters
2) Temporary Refuge
3) Muster Areas - Refer to Section 9
4) Lifeboats (TEMPSC) - Refer to Section 9
5) Helideck
6) Breathing Air System - Refer to Section 9
7) Breathing Apparatus - Refer to Section 9
8) Control Room
9) Instrument/Technical Room
10) Power Generation and Distribution
11) Telecommunications Equipment
12) HVAC System
13) Potable Water System
14) Firewater Pumps
15) Seawater System
16) Air Compressors
17) Nitrogen Generators
18) Workshops

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19) Store rooms
20) Offices
21) Laboratories
6.3 Layout Considerations
To ensure the integrity of support facilities at Safe Area layout considerations must
take into account:
6.3.1 Living Quarters
Living Quarters are permanently manned where personnel maybe sleeping thus
reducing their capacity to react during emergency. Their location and occupancy
shall therefore ensure that these are protected from fires, explosions, noise,
unpleasant odours, and shall be located in an area so designed to provide personnel
a sense of safety and remoteness from operations. Because Living Quarters are
potential source of ignition, these shall be isolated from fuel sources to the greatest
extent practical.
The firewall maybe an integral part of the Living Quarters. In this case, windows
facing the process area shall be eliminated and other openings should be minimised.
6.3.2 Temporary Refuge
Temporary Refuge is a concept, not a prescribed physical facility. It is a safe area

that provides safety to personnel who may seek refuge and allow them to be
accounted for, monitor and assess hazard and allow a decision to be made to
evacuate the Platform. Access doors and escape routes shall be located away from
potential hazard to allow personnel to reach the Temporary Refuge safely. On
normally manned Platforms, the Living Quarters may provide location for a
Temporary Refuge.
6.3.3 Helideck
(Refer to Section 5 for orientation and location)
1) Do not use handrails at landing areas, as these are potential obstacles. In lieu of
the handrails, provide safety nets around the helideck for personnel protection.
2) There should be minimum two access points to the helideck. The arrangements
should be optimised to ensure that:
Personnel will be able to escape upwind of the landing area in the event of
accident at helideck level.

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Embarking and disembarking passengers will not be required to pass

around the helicopter tail rotor.
3) Ensure that the foam monitors will not cause injury to escaping personnel when
these are in operation during emergency situation.
6.3.4 Control Room
Control Rooms are permanently manned. As their operation are strictly for authorised
personnel only, the access corridors shall be arranged to ensure that personnel will
not pass through the Control Room to access other rooms. Control Rooms should be
located near the bridge landing and at least at most accessible deck to allow a quick
response and evacuation during emergency.
6.3.5 Instrument/Technical Rooms
Instrument/Technical Rooms are not permanently manned with limited occupancy for
authorised personnel performing controlled activities. These shall be located in Safe
Area and away from the process area as these are housing ignition sources and
essential equipment and instrument for emergency.
6.3.6 Power Generation and Distribution
Power Generation and Distribution are potential sources of ignition. These are
located upwind or crosswind of the Platform and segregated from hazardous areas to
ensure a reliable power source during emergency. All equipment associated with
emergency power (generator, switchboard, batteries, rectifiers, inverters, etc.) shall
be located in non-hazardous areas with adequate protection against fire and
explosion. Other layout consideration include:
1) Diesel Storage Tanks
Diesel Storage Tanks in the Safe Area shall be limited to Day Tanks contained in
the equipment base of the Diesel Generators. Bulk Storage Tanks shall not be
located at the Safe Area.
2) Battery Rooms
Battery rooms are sometimes classified because of hydrogen evolution from the
batteries. These can be unclassified provided that the enclosure is adequately
ventilated with a provision for a vent outside the enclosure.
3) Transformers
Locate transformers in a well-ventilated area. In some cases, firewalls are

required for transformers located adjacent to each other. Provide adequate area
for withdrawal and handling of transformers.

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6.3.7 Workshops
Workshops are not permanently manned and generally house equipment that is
potential ignition sources and where hot work normally takes place. These are
located outside the hazardous area, pressurised or purged with air from a Safe Area.
Workshops should preferably be located where these are readily accessible by
Platform Crane or other handling devices.
6.3.8 Store Rooms
Store Rooms are not permanently manned and generally contain flammable
materials such as paint should be located outside the outer edge of the deck away
from the Safe Area and most likely escape routes.
6.3.9 Offices
Offices are permanently manned that may include personnel who are not aware of
the specific danger of an installation containing hydrocarbons. These should
preferably be located at the edge of any restricted area and at a sufficient distance so
that life is not endangered in case of explosion and subsequent fire.
6.3.10 Telecommunications Equipment
Provide room for safe and efficient installation of telecommunications equipment to

fulfil the requirements for communication in the event of any emergency.
1) Radio antennas and their physical radiating path requirements shall be

considered in the layout development.
2) Communications equipment shall be located separate from switchgear and

motor control centers and away from any other equipment that may cause radio
frequency interference.
6.3.11 Laboratories
Laboratories shall be located away from Control Room due to the potential of
possible toxic gas from samplers.
Laboratories could be located at hazardous provided the air intake of the HVAC
system is at a safe area.
6.3.12 Firewater Pumps
The Firewater Pumps shall be independently driven units located in non-hazardous

area and shall be protected from adjacent fire hazards to ensure firewater supply

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during fire emergency. The arrangement shall ensure that a single fire or explosion
can not impair their capacity to meet firewater demand. The acceptable
arrangements are:
1) Two Pumps located remote from each other
This is normally the preferred arrangement as it naturally separates the pumps

from exposure to a single fire or explosion.
2) Two Pumps located close to each other
Two pumps are located close to each other and separated by a firewall to avoid
the potential for a single fire or explosion that could render both pumps
inoperable. This alternative arrangement should only be considered when
remote location is not practical.
Submersible centrifugal pumps are normally used in Offshore Platforms. Where

practical, Pump caissons should be located within the jacket confine or where it
is protected from marine vessel impact.
Retrieval of pump for maintenance is also an essential layout consideration.

Where possible locate Firewater Pump within the reach of Platform Crane or
provided with hoisting devices.
6.3.13 Air Compressors
Air compressors support critical instruments, emergency shutdown valves, and

emergency depressurisation valves. The loss of instrument air pressure would
generally lead to shutdown and depressurisation. It is essential that air compressors
be located in a well-protected area. It preferable to locate these units at the lowest
deck of the safe area to allow a free draining condensates from the headers back to
the air receivers in order to have a reliable source of instrument air during
emergency.
6.3.14 HVAC
Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning (HVAC) forms part of the essential safety
services of the Platform and complements area classification requirements
associated with electrical equipment. HVAC systems are provided to:
1) Prevent ingress of potentially explosive/toxic gas mixtures into non-hazardous

area such as Living Quarters, electrical rooms, instrument/ technical rooms.
2) Provide comfort, health and welfare in manned areas and appropriate operating
environment in other enclosures.
HVAC facilities require considerable space. It is essential to integrate the space

requirements for ductworks, Air Handling Units (AHU’s), Air Intakes, Filters and other

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auxiliary equipment into the overall Platform layout during the early stages of design.
Machinery and equipment for this service are usually arranged in a separate area.
6.3.15 Interconnecting Piping
To ensure the integrity of the Safe Area, hydrocarbon bearing lines shall not be
routed across or in the vicinity of the Living Quarters, Control Rooms Electrical
Rooms, Instrument/Technical Rooms, HVAC and other critical services. Where a
bridge landing is located at the vicinity of the Safe Area, welded joints should be
considered in lieu of flanged joints.
6.3.16 Segregation of Safe Area Facilities
Noisy facilities must be segregated from quiet facilities and dry facilities must be
segregated from wet facilities.
6.4 Bridges
Bridges between Platforms constitute interconnecting piping and serve as a primary

means of evacuation and shall therefore not to be exposed to high hazards by:
1) Locating risers and hydrocarbon bearing equipment away from the bridge.
2) Keeping these away from crane operating area.
3) Minimising flanges, valves, and connections on lines handling hydrocarbons.

Where flanged connections are required, these must be located away from the
Safe Area.
4) Not considering these as a permanent or temporary storage area during routine

and non-routine operations.
5) Not locating facilities particularly workshops and electrical substations. The only
exception is the fire monitors located strategically along the bridge.
6) By providing adequate headroom for the supply boat to pass under the bridge
when required.
7) By providing adequate flexibility to compensate pipe movement due to thermal

expansion as well as different Platform movement.
6.5 Piperacks
Main piperacks should be located centrally in a unit to achieve optimum piping

interconnections between equipment.
Keep all process, large, alloys, exotic and heavy wall lines as short as possible.

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Where practical, segregate process lines from utility lines.
Locate process lines at the lowest level to facilitate inspection and

maintenance.
Locate utility lines such as air, water, nitrogen, steam at highest level.
Locate large lines near the columns in order to minimise bending moment and
yield a light piperack structure.
From support standpoint, it is always advantageous to group insulated hot lines

together and cold lines together.
Sloping lines should be grouped together to allow a flat turn expansion loop and
to simplify a common support attachment to the piperack.
Apart from equipment, piperack constitute majority of hydrocarbon inventories

due to long interconnecting piping. Do not locate hazardous equipment or
potential sources of fire under the piperack to avoid fire escalation.
Where practical, do not locate piperack spurs opposite to each other (“cross”) to
avoid complicated piping crossings.
Routing of sloping flare lines towards a large diameter Knock-out Drum will
dictate considerably high elevation that sets this apart from other lines on the
piperack. To support this independently or integrate along with the other lines
require careful planning and studies.
If cable trays are required to be routed on the piperack, locate these at highest
level to keep these away from possible hydrocarbon spills in case of leak.
These can be integrated along with utility lines if space permits and should be
located close to the piperack column for ease of inspection and maintenance.
The area below the piperack should be kept clear of obstructions for mobile
equipment access during maintenance.
Firewater ring mains should be located at the outermost periphery of the

Platform with isolation valves accessible from deck or access platform.
Allocate approximately 5-10% spare capacity to capture design growth due

additional lines, special supports and design development during the early
stages of the Project.
20- 30% of piperack width is generally recommended space for future lines.
Spare capacity is preferred to be provided separately on each tier to provide
flexibility to distribute the future expansion of piping services among the tiers.
Alternately, create a separate a spare tier at top level for ease of installation in
the future.
A single level piperack is preferred in smaller units and multi-level piperack is

generally used for larger units due to space constraints and cost advantage.
The width of the piperack should remain homogenous for the entire length of a
unit to allow a clear passage of mobile equipment under the piperack.

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Steel is used for piperack for ease of construction, future expansion, has more
flexibility to accommodate make-up supports.
Consider clearance between lines and fireproofing of a piperack columns
6.6 Future Extensions
The layout should take into account the installation of future facilities considering the
following:
1) Barge and crane access.
2) To maximise hot work to be carried in the vicinity of live equipment, future

facilities should preferably be located upwind of hydrocarbon facilities. This
scheme would prevent the prevailing from directing hydrocarbon gas leaks from
then existing facilities towards the hot work at the new area.
7. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
A large number of potential incidents in a Platform occur as a result of inherent

operator error or during maintenance activities. The root cause of these incidents can
normally be traced back to missed opportunities or oversights during the design
phase where the potential exists to make the operator-and-maintainer-friendly and
tolerant, thus reducing the probability of incidents from occurring. Human interaction
with the Platform during operation and maintenance shall always be considered in
the Platform layout.
7.1 Simplicity of Layout
The potential for errors during operations and maintenance is greatly reduced with a
simple equipment arrangement whose function, status, controls and interconnections
are transparent to all. To increase the degree of inherent safety, ensure that the
layout is presented in a clear and concise manner by:
1) Minimising confusion during operation and maintenance by arranging the

equipment in a logical sequence as the process flow to simplify operation and
optimise piperuns. Logical tagging of identical equipment should also be
adopted. For example, a set of three identical pumps (2 planned and 1 future)
should be located in a common area with tags P-100A/B/C.
2) Grouping equipment of the same service that shares common utility and
maintenance requirements together in order to reduce the degree of piping
interconnections, as well as to minimise hydrocarbon inventories as a result of
optimum piperuns. Crossovers between sections of the Platform can cause
confusion during operation and maintenance and tends to increase the
complexity of control and shutdown logic.

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3) Maintaining identical arrangements of equipment so as to simplify operation and

maintenance as well as to reduce the cost of equipment, design, construction,
hook-up and commissioning.
7.2 Human Factors
Despite significant progress in Technology and Regulatory pressures to improve

designs so as to reduce accidents, the proportion of incidents and near misses due
to “Human Errors” has not significantly decreased. Experiences demonstrate that
human error is the main factor in the occurrence of accidents.
Human Factor is a separate study that must be considered and applied during the
early design stage of Projects and incorporated in layout.
Refer to GE-A353-12 for HFE Guideline.
7.3 Access and Clearance
Adequate space between equipment and piping components is an important factor in

promoting a safe operation and maintenance of the Platform. However, factors such
as space requirement, Platform size, water depth, lifting weight / transportation
limitations and investment required normally leads to compact arrangement of
facilities.
7.3.1 Operational Access
Operational access is the space required between components to permit walking,

operation of valves, viewing of instruments, climbing stairs and ladders, and safe
egress from the area during emergency.
7.3.2 Maintenance Access
Maintenance access is the space required to service equipment in-place or to

remove the unit or components for offsite repair
7.3.3 Accessibility Levels
Accessibility identifies the effort required for a healthy human being to reach devices
such as an instrument, measuring element, instrument process connection,
instrument utility connection, block valve or sampling point for the purpose of
operational attention or regular maintenance. It includes the ability to reach such a
device with all tools required to perform operational attention or maintenance.
Accessibility levels are defined as follows:
1) Permanent Accessibility

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A device is considered permanently accessible if it is located not more than

500mm horizontally away from and not more than 1700mm vertically above
Platform Deck, access platforms or walkways, if no obstructions are in place and
if such locations can be safely reached from those levels during plant operation.
2) Limited Accessibility
A device has a limited accessibility if it is located not more than 1000mm

horizontally away from and at a height between 1700mm and 4000mm above
Platform Deck, access platform or walkways. If no obstructions are in place and
if such locations can be safely reached during plant operation by means of a
mobile platform or ladder.
3) Poor Accessibility
A device has a poor accessibility if it is located more than 4000mm above

Platform Deck, access platforms or walkways or at any other location that can
only be safely reached during plant operation by installing temporary facilities
such as scaffolding.
A device is also considered to have a poor accessibility if it can only be reached

after removal or disassembly of other devices or components, such as thermal
insulation or equipment noise hoods.
4) Inaccessibility
A device is considered inaccessible if it cannot be safely reached during plant

operation for the purpose of operational attention and maintenance.
7.3.4 Location and Accessibility
Apart from the requirements for specific types of components and instruments as
given in the relevant sections, field-mounted instruments shall be installed
considering the following aspects:
1) On-line instruments are to be mounted on or in the direct vicinity of the

instrument process connections.
2) The location shall guarantee a good representative measurement of the process

condition.
3) Limited accessibility is acceptable for indicating instruments, provided that they

could be properly read from a permanently accessible location.
4) Instruments shall not be subjected to excessive vibration (e.g. on suction or

discharge lines of pumps or compressors, etc.) or to mechanical stresses, and
are not to be exposed to temperatures that will influence the measurement.
5) Heavy equipment such as control valves and inline flow meters of 4” NPS and
larger and all positive displacement meters and turbine meters should be

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accessible by mobile hoisting equipment. Where this is not possible, permanent-

hoisting facilities should be considered.
6) Instruments and their impulse lines shall be surrounded by sufficient free space
to allow rodding-out of process connections and the removal of:
Bolts, nuts and gaskets, etc.;
Covers and enclosures;
Orifice plates from the orifice flanges;
Removable parts from in-line flow meters;
Internals from the control valve;
Displacers from the displacer chambers;
Thermometer elements from the thermowells.
Permanent and easy access for maintenance purposes used to be the dominant
factor in selecting the physical location of plant mounted instruments. This resulted in
long impulse lines and additional ladders/platforms.
7.3.5 Space Sharing and Platform Volume
The objective in Platform design is economy in the use of space and Platform
volume. Providing space around individual equipment would generally imply an
increase in the allocated space. Space sharing is an effective solution to meet the
usual Platform design limitations and arrive with a reasonable access. This can be
achieved by:
1) Grouping of Equipment
Maintain identical or symmetrical arrangement of equipment to allow a common

access between adjacent equipment.
Group equipment that shares common maintenance requirements (for example,

handling of launcher/receiver tools and withdrawal of heat exchanger tube
bundle).
2) Laydown Areas
Where possible, locate laydown areas common to other items to minimise deck
space.
3) Escape Routes
Escape routes should preferably serve as an operational access.
4) Stairways

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Locate stairways at Platform edges to minimise deck space.
5) Platform Volume
Consider using elevated platform over low level piping versus congesting upper
areas with piping. Utilise Mezzanine platforms as much as possible to make
most effective use of Platform volume.
7.3.6 Provisions for Routine Operations
The requirement for access around equipment as well as the overall facilities shall be
considered carefully during the early stage of the design taking into account the
following factors:
1) Access arrangements for all regular operations should be straightforward and

simple. These points should preferably be accessible and visible from deck
levels or aisles, preferably without the aid of auxiliary platforms or ladders.
2) Permanently installed auxiliary platforms and ladders should be considered if

operating areas are above the deck levels.
3) Equipment that requires attention on less regular basis need not be provided
with permanent platforms or ladders unless emergency access is a requirement.
4) Provisions should be provided for all routine operations that will involve handling
and storage of materials.
5) Instruments and operational checkpoints should be positioned so as to allow

access from deck levels or permanent platforms or ladders.
6) Equipment parts, instruments, valve handwheels, and piping shall not protrude
into the access ways.
7) Provisions should be made to prevent contact with hot and cold surfaces.
7.3.7 Provisions for Non-Routine Operations
The scope of operational requirements and constraints shall be reviewed to ensure

that adequate provisions are made in the design to allow such activities as:
1) Hydrotesting of equipment and pipelines
2) Purging and venting
3) Pig launching and receiving
4) Catalyst change-out
5) Well testing

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6) Drilling/workover
Where simultaneous drilling and production may take place, sufficient space should
be available for pipe handling, mud handling, chemical deliveries, sludge removal,
workover equipment, and other well operations without interfering with production.
Space should be provided for the laydown of equipment during maintenance

particularly for large items such as turbine rotors, compressors, and heat exchanger
tube bundles.
7.3.8 Access Platforms Ladders and Stairs
Access platforms, stairways and vertical ladders shall be provided as a means of

access/egress to all operating and maintenance levels in the Platform. The
arrangement of access platforms must allow supervisory rounds at various levels
without requiring excessive climbing up and down. Other access considerations
include:
1) Access Platforms
Elevated access platforms should only be provided where operating areas are
not accessible from Platform deck levels.
2) Stairs
Stairways serve as a means of access/egress between Platform deck levels,

main-operational levels, and to interconnect primary escape routes. Stairs
should only be used in elevated platforms if:
The frequency of use is daily
Materials, tools, or other equipment must be carried for operation and

maintenance like taking of samples and tank gauging.
There is a potential for exposure to injurious chemicals or materials.
3) Stairway Landing
Stairway landing shall be provided for every 4.5m vertical rise.
A maximum of 42° from horizontal is generally taken as angle of ascent.
4) Ladders
Vertical ladders are used in elevated platforms and serve as a secondary

means of access/egress in operating areas.
Intermediate landing should be provided for every 9m of vertical rise.

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7.3.9 Requirement for Permanent and Temporary Access
Appendix - 2 summarises Permanent and Temporary Access Requirements
7.3.10 Overhead Clearances
The minimum headroom shall be clear of any overhead obstacles.
1) Minimum headroom above working areas 2200mm
2) Minimum headroom for escape route 2200mm
7.3.11 Minimum Horizontal Clearances
1) Maintenance routes 1000mm

2) Operating aisle around equipment 1000mm
3) Valve and instrument access 800mm
4) Minimum width of walkways and stairs 800mm
5) Primary escape routes 1200mm
6) Primary escape routes(> 50 personnel) 1500mm
7) Secondary escape routes 1000mm
8) Clearance around any obstruction on platform 750mm
9) Clearance in front of manhole 900mm
10) Manhole centerline to access platform 600mm-800mm
11) Wrench clearance between equipment flanges 500mm
8. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
8.1 Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection performs its function without relying on activation. The
primary function of passive protection is to retard the rate of temperature increase of
vital equipment and/or supporting steel structures to allow continuous operation and
prevents failure during emergency. It gives protection only for a limited time and is
only effective adequate when Active Fire Protection and fire-fighting capabilities can
be deployed before the system loses its protective properties. Passive Fire Protection
is normally applied to:

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1) Prevent escalation of fire due to progressive release of inventories by separating

the fire risk areas if necessary by protection of critical facilities such as
separators, risers and topsides ESDV's.
2) Minimise damage by protecting critical structural members essential to the

support of Temporary Refuge and evacuation routes.
3) Protect personnel in the Temporary Refuge until safe evacuation.
Examples of passive fire protection includes:
1) Fire/Blast Wall
The compactness of Offshore Platforms generally leads to a Fire/Blast wall to

segregate the Safe Area from Hazardous area.
2) Firewalls
All external boundaries of the Temporary Refuge are generally rated as

H120.
Electrical Rooms, Generator Rooms, Workshops, are generally rated as

A60.
HVAC are generally rated as H.
Penetrations in firewalls in order to accommodate the passage of process

and utility piping, cable trays, doors, etc. are not permitted. Most of
commercially penetrating devices available are not rated for severe fire
exposure.
8.2 Active Fire Protection
Active Fire Protection is a dormant system that requires to be activated in order to

perform its function. These include deluge systems, sprinklers, monitors, hydrants,
hose reels, foam injection. Active Fire Protection is needed to extinguish a fire
situation and to cool a load bearing structures and critical equipment that may be
exposed to radiant heat. Layout considerations include:
8.2.1 Firewater Pumps
Refer to Section 6.0
8.2.2 Firewater Main
The Firewater Main is normally designed as a ring or loop with sectioning valves to
provide a reliable source of firewater supply on demand. The piping layout must
ensure the integrity firewater ring main by:

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♦ Providing access to sectioning valves
♦ Routing this away from dropped object
♦ Routing this away as far away from process area and surrounding structure
affords maximum protection to the pipework to reduce the possibility of damage
from fire, explosion or other occurrences.
8.2.3 Deluge Valves
Locate deluge valves adjacent to escape routes and outside the protected area to
allow easy operation by evacuating personnel.
Locating deluge valves and deluge valves manifolds, needs to take into consideration
the effect of potential jet fire reaching the fire fighting system protection can be
achieved locating the manifold for away of providing a fire wall.
8.2.4 Fire Monitors
The goal of the Fire Monitor is to provide a reliable means for personnel to
supplement deluge and sprinkler system by directing water at specific areas.
Monitors are oscillated or operated automatically and may be required at strategic
locations and utilised for the application of water or foam. The location of monitors
must ensure so as not to impede escape routes, away from radiant heat, and it is a
hazard to personnel when it is operated. The isolation valve must be located local to
the monitor to facilitate maintenance.
8.2.5 Fire Hydrants
The goal of Fire Hydrants is similar to Fire Monitors and these are operated through
manually deployed water discharge equipment. Hydrants are often located along
access routes with their cabinets mounted adjacent to the hydrants to store hose,
couplings and branch pipes. The isolation valve shall be located local to the monitor
to facilitate maintenance.
8.2.6 Hose Reels
Hose Reels are manually operated fixed units that are permanently connected to the
firewater ring main. These are operating with a lower flowrates that can be deployed
more quickly than the fire hydrants. Consequently hose reels are used only in Safe
Areas and in some cases in Helideck and process areas where they deliver foam to
back up monitors.

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8.2.7 AFFF System
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) are used where foam is capable of
extinguishing liquid fires. These are skid-mounted, consisting of premix foam tanks
proportioner with controls interfaced with fire and gas panels. Individual deluge
valves are provided for each area to be protected.
8.2.8 Twin Agent Units
Twin Agent Units are used where large scale of spill oil fire is expected. These are
skid-mounted equipped with AFFF and compatible dry chemical agent and discharge
hose reel.
8.2.9 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Portable Fire Extinguishers are strategically located around the Platform for first aid
fire fighting purpose on small fires. Wherever possible their locations are coordinated
along with the positions of hose reels, and along escape routes. Space margins
should be taken into account to accommodate portable extinguishers along operating
areas, enclosures and escape routes.
9. PLATFORM EVACUATION
Personnel shall be provided with adequate facilities to evacuate the platform during
emergency. In principle three methods of evacuation from Offshore Platform are
generally provided:
9.1 Primary Method
The preferred primary method of evacuation is a Bridge Link to an adjacent Platform

where Helicopter is a normal method of transport to/from the Platform with which
personnel is familiar with.
9.2 Secondary Method
1) In the event of an emergency, Helicopter will usually be called up elsewhere.

For this reason, the Lifeboat (TEMPSC) is used as a means of early evacuation
on almost all manned Platforms.
2) Lifeboat Location
Lifeboat or TEMPSC (Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft) shall be

located away from hazardous areas and within the firewall and adjacent to
Muster Areas. These should be located at the lowest level of the Platform
reasonably practical taking into consideration other constraints such as:

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♦ Environmental Considerations
Prevailing wind and water current shall not direct lifeboats towards the
jacket structure.
♦ Launching Orientation
Where practical, the launching orientation should be away from the platform.
When two or more lifeboats are required, the location shall ensure that
lifeboats do not cross each other's path when launched.
On floaters TEMPSC may be used during platform’s damaged conditions

which are usually considered around 15 degrees inclination. Consider this
condition to ensure that the TEMPSC launching path will not hinder the
deck(s) or hull below during damaged conditions.
♦ Obstacles
Launching of Lifeboats shall not be restricted by structures (such as bridge,

boat landing) supply boats and support vessels approaching or mooring in
the vicinity of the platform.
Lifeboats normally require certification every 12 months. As these are generally

equipped with davits and lifting hooks, additional lifting facility need not be
considered in the design.
9.3 Tertiary Method
Methods of rapid evacuation from the platform should be provided to allow for
incidents, whose severity and speed are such that an orderly, controlled evacuation
could not take place. A tertiary method of evacuation shall be provided to permit
direct access to the sea.
1) Liferafts
Davit launched Liferafts shall be provided with sufficient capacity to

accommodate 100% of personnel on board. Securing arrangements for Liferafts
shall facilitate rapid deployment and these are located close to means of direct
escape to sea so that escaping personnel enter the sea for as short as time as
possible. By implication, Liferafts should not be located adjacent to Lifeboat.
Particular precaution to be taken locating life boats on floaters. Life boat may be
used during platform’s damaged conditions which are usually considered around
15 degrees inclination. Consider this condition to ensure that the boat launching
path will not hinder the deck(s) or hull below during damaged conditions.
Liferafts are generally cradle mounted and weighing approximately 180 kg that
will require certification every 12 months hence lifting facility should be
considered.

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2) Lifebuoys
Lifebuoys are located at strategic points around the Platform. Actual numbers of
Lifebuoys is visible from any point on the outside walkway of the Platform.
9.4 Evacuation and Escape Routes
The layout shall take into account of access requirements in an emergency in

addition to the provision for normal operations. Evacuation and escape routes shall
be provided on the Platform to and from enclosed and open areas whether or not
these are regularly manned. These shall not be obstructed by equipment, access
hatches, laydown areas, structures and should be designed such that their integrity is
ensured by position rather than protection.
9.4.1 Evacuation Routes
Evacuation routes are defined as leading from the Temporary Refuge to the point of
departure from the installation. They should be designed to allow for the fact that
they need to be usable by a large number of personnel, including stretcher case, and
injured persons at a time when fire may be well established. A minimum two
evacuation routes should generally lead from Temporary Refuge to:
♦ Bridge
♦ Lifeboat
♦ Hellideck
9.4.2 Primary Escape Routes
Primary Escape Routes are generally located at the periphery of the platform that will
direct personnel from working areas to Temporary Refuge or to the point of
evacuation. A clear width of 1200mm and 2200mm headroom is typically maintained
to permit the passage of personnel bearing injured personnel. Wider escape routes
(1500mm wide) are required where more than 50 personnel are present such as
accommodation areas.
9.4.3 Secondary Escape Routes
Secondary Escape Routes are generally located at working areas that will direct
personnel to Primary Escape Routes. A clear width of 1000mm and 2200mm
headroom is typically maintained where escape in one direction is required.
9.4.4 Emergency Exits and Perimeter Walkways
A minimum of two separate and remote exits shall be provided to enclosed or open
areas. Where practical, escape routes should form as a ring external to the

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perimeter of an enclosed area. Similarly, continuous perimeter walkways should be

provided at each major operating deck levels to enable choice of route.
9.4.5 Arrangement
Escape routes should be direct as possible with minimum changes in direction,

comprising only walkways and stairs. Escape routes should direct personnel away
from smoke or fire and should physically be separated from:
1) Hazardous vents
2) Hazardous chemicals
3) Laydown areas
4) Hatches
5) Explosion panels
9.4.6 Use of Normal Access
As a general principle, escape routes available to personnel should be the same

routes they would use during normal access to the areas because during times of
increased stress, personnel will incline towards familiar patterns of behaviour.
9.4.7 Stairway Landing
Stairway landing leading to the primary escape route is typically 1200mm-1500mm

wide and 2200mm long to permit the handling of stretcher cases bearing injured
personnel during emergency.
9.4.8 Protection
Escape routes leading to the Temporary Refuge may require protection from direct
exposure from intense heat coming from fire or flare radiation passive or active
means of personnel protection and generally provided such as water curtains, heat
shield and fire/explosion shield.
9.4.9 Doors
Hinged doors from enclosed area shall open outwards in the direction of escape
routes and should open into the non-hazardous area if these are used as a normal
access adjacent to hazardous areas.

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9.4.10 Dead End Spaces
Additional exit will normally be required at operating areas exceeding 5m long.
9.4.11 Material Handling Routes
Where applicable, escape routes should be separated from material handling routes
like monorail access.
9.5 Muster Areas
The primary Muster Areas will normally be provided within the Temporary Refuge.
There shall be sufficient free floor area at each muster location to accommodate one
full lifeboat complement of 0.56 m2 per person, with an additional allowance for
stretchers and breathing apparatus if required. The number of areas may
correspond with the number of lifeboat. A minimum requirement is to provide Muster
Areas for each of the Lifeboat required in evacuating the full personnel on board.
The limited space at unmanned Platform generally leads to a Muster Area located at
hazardous area.
9.6 Breathing Air System
Permanently manned Platforms laden with H2S are generally provided with
emergency Breathing Apparatus to protect personnel where an emission of toxic gas
may occur. Breathing Apparatus are located at Living Quarters, Lifeboat Muster
Areas, and Liferafts station with facilities for off-take from Cascade Breathing Air
System. Air reservoirs are provided for all personnel with adequate space at off-take
stations to ensure that no congestion will occur during emergency.
10. MECHANICAL HANDLING
Refer GE-A353-13.
10.1 Maintenance and Handling Requirements
Handling requirements and principles are typically developed based on preventive

maintenance strategy with minor repairs and inspection being carried out as far as
possible while facilities are operating.
Installation or removal of major equipment or facilities will not be performed during

routine Platform maintenance activities. These are normally performed during major
Platform shutdown and their removal or installation would require planning and

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subject to special construction techniques that are beyond the scope of Material
Handling Study.
Dropped Object Studies will be performed under a separate review and report.
10.2 Manual Material Handling
Requirements of manual lifting, pulling, pushing and carrying of equipment with

respect for bio-mechanical and physical capabilities/limitations of the operator and
the need for mechanical handling aids as well as the required storage areas must be
considered during the design phase. The table below is an extract from ASTM F1166
defining the manual design weight limits for different tasks.
Male Population only

Handling Function
Kg
Lift an object from the floor and place it on a surface
25.4
not greater than 1500mm above the floor.
Lift an object from the floor and place it on surface not
39.5
greater than 900mm above the floor.
Carry an object at horizontal distance of 10000mm or
37.2
less.
Package carried at side with one hand( tool box with
20.0
handles and so forth)
Packages with irregular sides(electronic equipment
14.0
chassis, and forth)
Box other item with two handles 25.0
10.2.1 Handling Equipment/Devices and Associated Facilities
Mechanical handling aids should be provided when transfer materials exceed manual
handling limitations. Where direct lift access from the platform cranes is not available,
lifting devices such as monorails, lifting lugs, chain hoists, and davits should be
provided where applicable. Provision should also be made for these components to
be transferred to a laydown area where these can be lifted by the platform cranes.
10.2.2 Platform Crane
The Platform Crane will support normal transfer operations from/to supply boat and
transfer operations between laydown areas on different decks of the Platform.

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10.2.3 Monorails and Trolley Hoists
Monorails should used to lift materials and where horizontal movement is required to
transfer these to another location such as laydown areas, stores and workshops.
These are installed along with trolley hoists fitted with safety device against wheel
failure. Where loads exceed 2 Tons, the use of monorail to transfer material is
desirable.
10.2.4 Trolleys
Trolleys with inflatable or solid wheels that can spread over grated decks should
generally be used to transfer materials around the Platform where materials are 1
Ton and below. These are suitable of being pulled or pushed manually and able to be
steered around corners. Trolleys are equipped with steering at both axles with fail-
safe brakes and these are used in association with lifting devices as these capable of
lifting materials. Approximate size and weight: 1200mm L x 900mm W x 270mm H
(excluding pushbar) and weighing 32 kg.
10.2.5 Pallet Trucks
Pallet Trucks should generally be used over plated deck to transfer materials around
the platform for loads ranging from 0.5-2 Tons. Like Trolleys, these are suitable of
being pulled or pushed manually and able to be steered around corners. Pallet
Trucks are equipped with steering at both axles with fail-safe brakes. Unlike Trolleys
these are capable of lifting and lowering materials that can be controlled through its
hydraulic handle or tugbar. Approximate size and weight: 1600mm L x 600mm W x
80mm H (excluding tugbar) and weighing 80 kg.
10.2.6 Chain Hoists and Lifting Lugs
Manually operated chain hoists should be used to lift materials up to maximum

capacity of 5 tons. These are to be used in combination of either pre-installed or
temporary lifting lugs. Pre-installed lifting lugs are provided above rotating equipment,
critical spares and other selected materials. Chain hoists are generally lightweight
that a 5Ton capacity (approximate weight = 41kg) can be handled manually.
Tentative locations of pre-installed lifting lugs can only be finalised once the materials
or equipment to be lifted are in-place.
10.2.7 Adjustable Girder Clamps
Adjustable girder clamps should be used in combination with chain hoists where pre-
installed lifting lugs are not practical.
10.2.8 Davits
In view of the risks involved in lifting transfer materials above process equipment
during normal operation, davits are usually used to handle large size relief valve,
other components and equipment internals on elevated platforms of equipment. A

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clear lifting access shall be provided with a provision for a laydown area at Platform
deck level for further transport by handling devices. Davits are also used over
hatches or elevated working areas where other lifting devices are not practical to use.
10.2.9 Pulling Devices
Pulling devices should be used when materials would be moved horizontally. The
proper operation of these devices requires temporary padeyes located on columns,
walls, or floors where cables could be attached.
10.2.10 “Elephant” and Mobile Jib Cranes
Manually operated hydraulic “elephant” cranes should be used to lift materials over
plated areas. The combination of lifting and lowering movements gives a high
flexibility of handling materials up to maximum capacity of 1 Ton. These are used in
association with trolleys, as these are not recommended for horizontal transportation
of materials.
10.2.11 Temporary Frames
Temporary Frames are lightweight bolted construction complete with trolley hoist that
can easily be assembled and dismantled with a provision for height adjustment.
Temporary frames should be used for the smaller, lighter items that may require
handling that were not specifically itemised in the handling procedures.
10.2.12 Plated Pallet Truck Access
Plated Platform deck has the benefit to accommodate pallet truck for easy transfer of
materials in the Platform. In view of the risks associated with explosion overpressure,
deck grating is generally preferred as opposed to deck plating in order to aid
dispersion of hydrocarbon gases. As a minimum, plated decks for pallet truck access
are should be provided to facilitate handling and transfer of materials.
10.2.13 Ramps
Ramps should be provided where trolleys/pallet trucks pass across bunded areas.
10.2.14 Workshops and Stores
Workshops and stores should be located at an easily accessible location, preferably

within the reach of the Platform crane as these are the center of all routine
maintenance activities. Suitable handling devices such as monorails to be accounted
for the design.

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10.2.15 Supply Boats
The supply boats will normally carry workover materials and logistics supplies. For a
manned Platform, ensure the facility has provision for a supply boat berthing facility.
10.2.16 Jack-up Barge and Derrick Crane
Jack-up Barge and Derrick Cranes would only be used during major maintenance
and shutdown and where main equipment or materials can not be handled by the
platform cranes.
10.3 Laydown Areas
1) Laydown areas should be provided for all items that need access for component
removal.
2) Laydown areas shall not encroach escape routes.
3) Laydown areas should preferably be common to other items of equipment in

order to minimise deck space.
4) Maintenance routes to laydown areas should have a minimum change of

direction.
5) Where possible, laydown areas should be visible from the crane operator.
6) Laydown areas are generally plated with drain outlets to contain hydrocarbon
and hazardous effluents.
10.4 Layout Considerations
1) Ensure that crane operator has a direct view on the supply boat deck.
2) Ensure that the Platform crane must be able to access supply boats approaching
the platform during normal transfer operations.
3) Ensure that the Platform crane setting elevation and location meet maintenance
and Workover requirements.
4) Provide safety barriers at sensitive locations where vulnerable facilities are prone
to damage due to frequent crane movement.
5) Provide Dropped Object Protection (DOP) on vulnerable facilities to protect

these against direct impact and swing loads during crane transfer operations.
6) Where possible, safety escape routes should be separated from handling ways.

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7) Ensure that no piping or other obstacles are routed or located below the
monorail to allow a safe transfer operation of materials.
8) Provide adequate clearance around the largest item to be handled.
9) Provide storage areas for wireline equipment, pigging tools, and other platform
supplies.
10) Provide removable access hatches over Wellhead/Christmas trees and other
component below operating level where lifting is a constraint.
11) Ensure that there is adequate vertical clearance for lifting lugs and chain hoists.
12) Provide lifting facilities over large pumps motors and rotating equipment.
13) Minimise the number of pre-installed lifting lugs due to requirements of routine
certification.
11. PLOT PLAN CHECKLIST
Plot plan involves multi-discipline effort that is therefore imperative that this must be
checked by a Sr. Piping Designer in terms of drawing formats but safety, process,
maintenance, operation other highly technical design elements must be checked by a
Installation and HFE Engineers. Checking must be supported by a comprehensive
Checklist (list can be expanded as required) outlined in Appendix - 1.
12. FEEDBACK
As this is a Guide Document, feedback from the end user for the documents and
working methods improvement is important. Suggestions about the document itself
should be directed to the Piping Head of Discipline.
All suggestions must be in writing. Feedback form is included at the end of this
document (see Appendix - 14).
13. RESPONSIBILITIES
The Piping Head of Discipline is responsible for ensuring that this procedure is
applied for each Project, where applicable.
14. IMPLEMENTATION AND DISTRIBUTION
This procedure is valid from the date of signature and appearance in Lotus Notes.
The distribution of the procedure is the responsibility of the Piping Head of Discipline.
This procedure is issued to all personnel having access to the Lotus Notes system.
Personnel not having access to Lotus Notes shall be copied the required documents
on an “as-needed” basis separately by the Discipline QMR.

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15. FILING, UPDATING AND ARCHIVING
The Piping Discipline Secretary retains the signed original of this procedure.
Standard forms referred to within the procedure are available for view and printout
from the attachment files in Lotus Notes. Forms to be completed in the computer are
accessible in the “O” drive on a “read-only” basis. No modification or revision to any
form is allowed without notifying Discipline Head.
When revision of the Guide Document is required, the Discipline Head of the QMR
shall print the affected part of the procedure. The electronic file will be revised,
incorporating the comments and issued at the next revision at the discretion of the
Discipline Head.
Previous revision of this procedure is archived as voided/superseded copy by the

Piping Discipline Secretary.

1 Document Type Issuer Serial N° Rev.
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A.1-1/9
APPENDIX 1
CHECK LIST FOR OFFSHORE PLOT PLANS
(8 PAGES)

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FOR OFFSHORE PLOT PLAN A.1-2/9
APPENDIX 1 - CHECK LIST FOR OFFSHORE PLOT PLANS

Project No. :
Rev
Title :
Checker Plot Plan No.
Signature PFD’s
Start Date P&ID’s
End Date Equipment List
♦ = Checked
Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
1.0 DRAWING CHECK
1.1 Title
1.2 Drawing and sheet number
1.3 Revision number and description
1.4 Presence of all required signatures
1.5 Key Plan
1.6 North arrow
1.7 Prevailing wind direction
1.8 Wind rose
1.9 Scale
1.10 Presence of graphic scale
1.11 Notes
1.12 Line densities, text heights, presentation
1.13 Equipment Schedule
1.14 Legend
1.15 Matchlines
1.16 Battery Limits and Boundaries
1.17 Reference drawings (Field Layouts, Plot Plans, Equipment List)
1.18 Sections correctly cross-referenced to plans
1.19 Steel grid references
1.20 Deck Level Designation (Cellar Deck, Lower Deck, Main Deck, etc.)
1.21 Extents of plated / grated decks in accordance with Safety requirements
1.22 Dimensions and elevations
1.23 Primary steelwork, access platforms, staircases, ladders, handrails
1.24 Firewalls and cladding for buildings and rooms
1.25 Equipment are shown to the correct size
1.26 Mean Sea Level
1.27 100-year wave crest
1.28 Splash zone
1.29 Escape routes are shown
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♦ = Checked
Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
1.30 Crane operating radii are shown
1.31 Flare exclusion zones are shown
1.32 Vent boom exclusion zones are shown
1.33 Helideck safety nets and horizontal /vertical obstacle free sectors are shown
1.34 Drilling rig approach is shown
1.35 Supply boat approach is shown
1.36 COMPANY comments are investigated and included when agreed
1.37 Comments from “Master” drawings are incorporated
1.38 Completion of “Hold” List”
1.39 IDC Comments are investigated and incorporated when agreed
1.40 Consistency with Project Design Basis and Specifications
1.41 Other considerations
2.0 PLATFORM ORIENTATION
2.1 Safe Area is located upwind/crosswind of hydrocarbon facilities
HVAC Air intakes are located upwind/crosswind and away from hazardous areas
2.2
and generator exhausts
Generator air intakes are located upwind/ crosswind or away from hazardous
2.3
areas
2.4 Airlocks are located upwind/crosswind or away from hazardous areas
2.5 Separate airlocks for Battery Rooms
2.6 Ignition sources are located upwind
2.7 Major hydrocarbon inventories are located downwind
2.8 Risers are located downwind
2.9 Helideck approach and departure are:
a) Inline with Project specified Aviation Code
b) Opposite or perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction
c) Away from flare, vents, and generator exhausts
d) Clear from horizontal obstacles
e) Clear from vertical obstacles
f) Located away from hazardous areas
Boat Landing location including clearance between structure and Supply Boat
2.10
mast
2.11 Flare is located downwind or perpendicular to prevailing wind
2.12 Vent Boom is located downwind or perpendicular to prevailing wind
Generator exhausts are preferably located downwind/crosswind and away from
2.13
hazardous areas, crane cabs and other operating areas
2.14 Drilling/Jack-up Rig approach access and clearance requirements
Subsea pipelines and cables are away from crane drop zones, Supply Boat
2.15
approach, Jack-up Rig approach, and vessel mooring points

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Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
2.16 Platform crane is located on the same side as boat landing
Solar panels are facing on east-west direction and do not pose as an obstacle to
2.17
helicopter approach and departure
2.18 Installation requirements
a) The orientation will allow installation of facilities safely
b) Provision has been made to install future facilities without any major
obstacles from pipelines, flare, vent, bridge, crane
c) Floatover Barge access
d) Derrick Barge
e) Jack-up Barge
3.0 DECK ELEVATIONS
Bottom structure of lowest deck is 1.5m above 100-year wave crest based on
3.1
environmental and Structural data
Riser ESDV’s are above 100-year wave or supported to withstand the loads
3.2
imposed by the highest wave
Drain Tanks are above 100-year wave or supported to withstand the loads
3.3
imposed by the highest wave
3.4 Boat landing elevation stages cater for variation in water levels
3.5 Utility connections at boat landing are above splash zone
3.6 The topside highest elevation meets the capacity of installation Barge
Deck heights can accommodate the installation of Drilling and Workover /
3.7
Blowout Preventer (BOP)
Ensure that deck heights meet process requirements such as pump NPSH,
3.8
gravity flow, sloping lines, no pockets
4.0 FACILITIES LAYOUT
4.1 Safe Area and Hazardous Area are adequately segregated
Hazardous equipment are arranged progressively decreasing away from the Safe
4.2
Area based on the degree of pressure and volume of flammable inventories
4.3 Wellhead Area
a) Located in a ventilated area with at least 2 sides of the area open
b) Grating is maximised at Wellhead Deck Level
c) Wellheads are located away from ignition sources, fuel storage
d) Plated decks (DOP)are provided above the well slots
e) Conductors are within the jacket or provided with fenders
f) Removable hatches are provided above the well slots
g) Conductor spacing can accommodate Christmas trees to be used
h) Drilling / Workover Rig Clearances are considered

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Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
i) Drilling Rig will be able to reach all slots without requiring the vessel to
move to another position to drill the extreme slots
j) The production and test manifolds location will allow flowline flexibility to
compensate wellhead movement and thermal expansion
4.4 Risers are located downwind and these routed away from:
a) Safe Area
b) Crane drop zone
c) Supply boat and Jack-up Rig approach
4.5 Riser ESDV’s are accessible and these are located:
a) Below the lowest level of the Platform
b) Located close to the vertical base of the riser
c) Out of projectile path emitted from explosion of adjacent equipment
4.6 Launchers and Receivers are located in a well ventilated area and:
a) Doors are facing outboard of the Platform
b) Pigging requirements such as sphere, foam pigs, intelligent tools are
considered
c) Bi-directional pigging requirements are considered
d) Lifting facilities are provided
e) Space requirements for riser bends, sphere tees are considered
4.7 Production Separators are located near wellheads and:
a) Away from ignition sources
b) Protected from mechanical damage
4.8 Gas Compressors and associated facilities are adequately ventilated
a) Maintenance envelope will allow components to be removed safely
b) Adequate instrument/valve access around the Compressor
c) Space requirement for Lube Oil Console
d) Inlet Knockout Drums are located close to Compressor
Heads of horizontal vessels are oriented away from critical facilities and major
4.9
axes are along the natural ventilation path
4.10 Pumps are provided with lifting facilities and:
a) Ensure that location meet NPSH requirements
b) Suction and discharge are located close and facing the equipment from fluid
intake
c) Pump drivers are facing towards the maintenance aisles
d) Driver axes are perpendicular to the piperack or equipment
e) The space requirements for seal oil tanks are considered.
f) Preferred nozzle orientation and NPSH limitations have been conveyed to
Mechanical Department
4.11 Heat Exchangers are preferably grouped together and:
a) Maintenance areas are clear from obstacles

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Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
b) Sufficient space is kept for inlet and outlet control valves
c) Access is provided for the removal of cover and plate for Plate Type Heat
Exchangers
d) Lifting facilities are provided
e) Space provision for portable pickling and passivation tanks
f) Symmetrical piping arrangements are considered
4.12 Air Coolers are grouped together with a common elevation and:
a) Air Coolers of different air intake elevations are not located adjacent to each
other to avoid hot air recirculation
b) Pumps and equipment handling flammable products, electrical switchgear
are not located directly below the air coolers
c) Cooler elevations are set higher than any adjacent elevated access
platforms to avoid the potential for hot air being directed towards operating
areas
d) Valves and flanges are minimised below the coolers
e) Coolers are located away from vulnerable location
f) Fan inlet of forced draft cooler and underside of the bundle of induced draft
cooler is at least one fan diameter above the nearest solid horizontal
obstruction to air flow
g) Coolers are at least 2.4m above piperack with sufficient headroom to
maintain the motors and fans for Forced Draft Coolers
h) Induced Draft Coolers are located upwind of Forced Draft Coolers
i) Coolers are located downwind of operating areas
j) Cooler supports coincide with piperack column
k) Symmetrical and cascade piping arrangements are considered
l) Access to fans and motors are considered
Flare Knockout Drums are located downwind or crosswind at the end of the
4.13 Platform to provide inherent vessel protection and allow prevailing wind to
provide aid for H2S dispersion
Fuel Gas Scrubber elevations should allow free-draining condensate from piping
4.14
headers back to the vessel.
4.15 Adequate headroom is provided for the basket removal of Centrifuges and Filters
4.16 Platform Crane covers majority of maintenance activities and:
a) Operating radius can reach the Supply Boat deck, laydown areas, and
hatches
b) Laydown areas are visible to the Crane operator to the extent possible.
c) Boom rest and sheave maintenance platform are provided
d) Capacity and reach is adequate to rig Workover equipment
Diesel Storage Tanks are located remote from wellheads, ignition sources and
4.17
the Safe Area
Gas Turbine Generators are located outside the Safe Area, remote from Process
4.18
Area and:

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Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
a) Provided with adequate space for maintenance
b) Provided with material handling facilities, laydown areas
4.19 Layout considerations for facilities located at Safe Area:
a) Living Quarters (windows, openings, proximity to Process Area)
b) Temporary Refuge (access doors, escape routes, hazards)
c) Noisy and quiet facilities; dry and wet facilities are segregated
d) Helideck (access points, monitors, escape routes, safety nets)
e) Breathing Air System
f) Breathing Apparatus
g) Control Room is located at most accessible location
h) Instrument/Technical Room
i) Power Generation and Distribution
Generators
Diesel Storage Tanks
Electrical Rooms
MCC
Battery Rooms
Switchgear Rooms
Transformers
j) Telecommunications Equipment are located separate from Switchgear
Rooms and MCC
k) Space allocation for HVAC System
l) Potable Water System
m) Firewater Pumps are located remote from each other or alternately provided
with firewall
n) Seawater System
o) Air Compressors are preferably located at the lowest deck of Safe Area
p) Nitrogen Generators
q) Workshops are readily accessible by Crane or lifting devices
r) Store Rooms are located outside the outer edge of the Safe Area
s) Offices
t) Laboratories are located away from Control Room due to the potential of
toxic gases from samplers
4.20 Interconnecting Piping
4.21 Bridges
4.22 Piperacks
4.23 Future Extensions
4.24 Jacket Leg Spacing
a) Marine spread of Floatover Barge

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No.
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b) Topside configuration
c) Structural Basis of Design
5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
5.1 Simplicity of layout
a) Logical arrangement of equipment simplifies operation and optimise
piperuns
b) Equipment of the same service that shares common maintenance and utility
requirements are grouped together to minimise deck space and reduce
piping interconnections
c) Identical or symmetrical equipment arrangements are maintained in order to
reduce deck space, cost of design and construction
5.2 The requirements of Human Factors are incorporated
5.3 Operational access requirements are considered
5.4 Maintenance access requirements are considered
5.5 Levels of accessibility are considered
5.6 Location and accessibility are considered
5.7 Space sharing and utilisation of Platform volume
a) Common laydown areas are maintained to minimise deck space
b) Escape routes serve as operational access
c) Stairways are located at Platform edges to minimise deck space
d) Mezzanine platforms are used to effectively utilise the Platform volume
5.8 Provisions for routine operations are considered
5.9 Provisions for non-routine operations are considered
5.10 Space for Drilling and Workover operations are considered
The requirements for access platforms, stairs, ladders, stairway landing are
5.11
considered
5.12 Overhead and horizontal clearances are considered
5.13 Requirement for permanent and temporary access are considered
6.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
6.1 Fire/blast walls
6.2 Space and layout requirements for:
a) Deluge valves
b) Fire monitors
c) Fire hydrants
d) Hose reels
e) AFFF system
f) Twin agent units
g) Portable fire extinguishers

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Item
Details N/A = not
No.
applicable
7.0 PLATFORM EVACUATION
7.1 Access to bridge
7.2 Access to helideck
7.3 Location and launching of Lifeboat (TEMPSC)
7.4 Location and launching of Liferafts
7.5 Escape routes
a) Primary escape routes
b) Evacuation Routes
c) Secondary escape routes
d) Emergency exits
e) Stairway landing are at least 2.2mLx1.2mW
f) Doors
g) Dead ends
7.6 Muster Areas
8.0 MATERIAL HANDLING
8.1 Manual Material Handling
8.2 Handling equipment
a) Platform Crane
b) Monorails
8.3 Handling Devices
a) Lifting Lugs
b) Davits
8.4 Plated trolley and pallet truck access
8.5 Ramps
8.6 Laydown areas
8.7 Hatches
8.8 Layout considerations

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A.2-1/4
APPENDIX 2
PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
(3 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 2 – PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

Permanent Temporary
Required Level of
Access Access
Fixed Ladder
Accessibility
Scaffolding
No. Description
Platform
Platform
Portable
Ladder
Mobile
Fixed
A AROUND EQUIPMENT
Manhole less than 4m above deck level 2 No No Yes No No
Manhole more than 4m above deck level 1 Yes No No No No
Vent and drain 2 No No Yes No A
Utility connection 2 No No Yes No A
Top nozzles 2 No No Yes No A
Spectacle blind, spades and spacers 2 No No Yes No A
Removable spools 2 No No Yes No A
Local mounted pressure indicator(Note 4) 2 No Yes No No No
Pressure switches and transmitters 2 No No Yes A No
Local mounted temperature indicator(Note 4) 2 No Yes No No No
Thermocouple or resistance temp. detector 2 No No Yes A No
Tank gauge 1 Yes No No No No
Level gauges 1 Yes A No No No
Displacer/float type level controller 1 Yes A No No No
Differential head type level transmitter 1 Yes A No No No
Capacitance level probe 2 No No Yes A No
Level switch 2 No No Yes A No
B VALVES
Regularly operated valves 1-1/2” and below 1 Yes A No No No
Regularly operated valves 2” and above 1 Yes No No No No
Emergency valves 1 Yes No No No No
Throttling valves 1 Yes No No No No
Bleed valves 1 Yes A No No No
Sampling connections 1 Yes No No No No
Utility stations 1 Yes No No No No
Deluge valves 1 Yes No No No No
Fire monitor, hydrant, and hose reel isolation valves 1 Yes No No No No
Firewater ring main sectioning valves 2 No No Yes No No
Process vents and drains 2 No No Yes A No
Sub-header root valve of utility piping 2 No No Yes A No
Purge connections 2 No No Yes A No
Hydrotest vents and drains 3 No No No No Yes

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Permanent Temporary
Required Level of
Access Access
Fixed Ladder
Accessibility
Scaffolding
No. Description
Platform
Platform
Portable
Ladder
Mobile
Fixed
Tie-in valves 3 No No No No Yes
Check valves 3 No No No No Yes
C IN-LINE INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

Control valves 1 Yes No No No No
Shutdown valves 1 Yes No No No No
Emergency depressurisation valves 1 Yes No No No No
Relief valves 1 Yes No No No No
Sight glass 1 Yes No No No No
Filters 1 Yes No No No No
Deflagration type flame arrestors 1 Yes No No No No
Detonation type flame arrestors 1 Yes No No No No
Analyser retractable probes 1 Yes No No No No
Permanent strainers 1 Yes No No No No
Analyser valve take-off point 2 No No Yes A No
Temporary strainers 2 No No Yes No No
Corrosion coupons/probes 2 No No Yes No A
Spectacle blinds, spades, and spacers 2 No No Yes No A
Generator exhaust silencers 3 No No No No Yes
Bird screen 3 No No No No Yes
D FLOW METERS AND FLOW ELEMENTS

Custody transfer flowmeters 1 Yes No No No No
Positive displacement flowmeters 1 Yes No No No No
Ultrasonic flowmeters 1 Yes No No No No
Turbine flowmeters 1 Yes No No No No
Variable area flowmeter (rotameters) 1 Yes No No No No
Senior orifice fittings 1 Yes No No No No
Junior orifice fittings 2 No No Yes A No
Orifice flowmeters 2 No No Yes A No
Magnetic flowmeters 2 No No Yes A No
Vortex flowmeters 2 No No Yes A No
Coriolis mass flowmeters 2 No No Yes A No
Venturi flowmeters 2 No No Yes A No

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Permanent Temporary
Required Level of
Access Access
Fixed Ladder
Accessibility
Scaffolding
No. Description
Platform
Platform
Portable
Ladder
Mobile
Fixed
Restriction orifices 2 No No Yes A No
Flow switches 2 No No Yes A No
Annubar flow sensors 2 No No Yes A No
Flow straightening vanes 2 No No Yes A No
E IN-LINE, ON-LINE & OFF-LINE INSTRUMENTS AND

COMPONENTS
Chemical injection points 2 No No Yes A No
Local mounted pressure indicator(Note 4) 2 No Yes No No No
Pressure switches and transmitters 2 No No Yes A No
Local mounted temperature indicator(Note 4) 2 No Yes No No No
Thermocouple or resistance temp. detector 2 No No Yes A No
Spectacle blind, spades and spacers 2 No No Yes No A
Notes:
1) Levels of accessibility (To be validated on based on specific Project requirements):
Level 1- A device is considered permanently accessible if it is located not more than 500mm horizontally
away from and not more than 1700mm vertically above operating platform.
Level 2- A device has a limited accessibility if it is located not more than 1000mm horizontally away from
and at a height between 1700mm and 4000mm above operating platform.
Level 3- A device has a poor accessibility if it is located more than 4000mm above operating platform.
2) “A” denotes acceptable means of access.
3) Instrument access under Piping responsibility is limited only to direct mounted indicating instruments,
measuring elements such as orifice plates, body of in-line flowmeters, level controllers, level gauges block
valves of switches/transmitters, probes, thermocouples, and temperature detectors.
4) Limited accessibility is acceptable for direct mounted indicating instruments provided they could be read
from a permanent operating platform. The instrument should not be more than 500mm horizontally and
2000mm vertically from operating platform.

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A.3-1/10
APPENDIX 3
TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF MANNED AND UNMANNED PLATFORMS
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APPENDIX 4
TYPICAL DRILLING RIG DETAILS
(6 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 5
TYPICAL DRILLING AND WORKOVER OPERATIONS
(2 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 6
TYPICAL DETAILS OF WELLHEAD/CHRISTMAS TREES

AND BLOW-OUT PREVENTER
(5 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 7
TYPICAL HELIDECK GUIDELINES AND DETAILS
(22 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 8
SUPPLY BOAT BERTHING CLEARANCE
(3 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 9
RECOMMENDED AIR COOLER ARRANGEMENTS
(1 PAGE)

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APPENDIX 10
TYPICAL GAS INJECTION PLATFORM
(7 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 11
TYPICAL GAS COMPRESSOR PACKAGE
(4 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 12
TYPICAL GAS TURBINE GENERATOR PACKAGE
(3 PAGES)

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APPENDIX 13
TYPICAL FLOATOVER BARGE INSTALLATION PHOTOGRAPH
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APPENDIX 14
USER FEEDBACK SHEET
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USER FEED-BACK SHEET
Any user who identifies an inaccuracy error or ambiguity is requested to notify the
originator. So that appropriate action can be taken. The user is requested to return
this page fully completed, indicating the amendment recommended.
From :................................................ Date : ....................................
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GUIDE DOCUMENT Page

1. OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................... 9

2. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................. 9

3. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 9

4. TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 11

5. INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................................................ 11

5.1 Platform Orientation and Deck Elevations ................................................................. 11

5.1.1 Environmental Considerations .................................................................... 11

5.1.1.1 Safe Area ..................................................................................... 11

5.1.1.2 Air Intakes and Airlocks ................................................................ 11

5.1.1.3 Ignition Sources ........................................................................... 12

5.1.1.4 Major Liquid Hydrocarbon Inventories ......................................... 12

5.1.1.5 Hydrocarbon Risers ..................................................................... 13

5.1.1.6 Helideck ....................................................................................... 13

• Helideck Elevation ..................................................................................................... 13

• Helideck Location and Orientation ............................................................................. 13

• Helideck Location ...................................................................................................... 13

• Helideck Orientation .................................................................................................. 14

• Helicopter Approach and Departure .......................................................................... 15

• Environmental Effects ................................................................................................ 15

• Aerodynamic Effects .................................................................................................. 16

• Ambient Temperature Rise ........................................................................................ 16

• Gas Turbine Exhaust Plumes .................................................................................... 16

• Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) .................................................................................... 16

• Equipment and Laydown Areas ................................................................................. 17

5.1.1.7 Boat Landing Location ................................................................. 17

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5.1.1.8 Flare Location .............................................................................. 17

5.1.1.9 Vent Boom Location ..................................................................... 17

5.1.1.10 Generator Exhausts ..................................................................... 18

5.1.1.11 Drilling / Jack-up Rig Approach .................................................... 18

5.2 Subsea Pipeline and Cable Routing .......................................................................... 18

5.3 Platform Crane .......................................................................................................... 18

5.4 Solar Panel Location ................................................................................................. 19

5.5 Installation Requirements .......................................................................................... 19

5.6 Deck Elevations ......................................................................................................... 19

5.6.1 Lowest Deck ............................................................................................... 19

5.6.2 Riser ESDV Elevation ................................................................................. 20

5.6.3 Drain Tank Elevation................................................................................... 20

5.6.4 Boat Landing Elevation ............................................................................... 20

5.6.5 Utility Connection at Boat Landing .............................................................. 20

5.6.6 Installation of Topside Facilities .................................................................. 20

5.6.7 Headroom for Drilling and Workover Operations ........................................ 21

5.6.8 Process Requirements................................................................................ 21

5.6.9 Examples .................................................................................................... 21

6. FACILITIES LAYOUT ......................................................................................................... 21

6.1 Hazardous Area ......................................................................................................... 21

6.1.1 Wellhead Area ............................................................................................ 22

6.1.2 Risers and ESDV Location ......................................................................... 23

6.1.3 Launchers and Receivers ........................................................................... 24

6.1.4 Production Separators ................................................................................ 25

6.1.5 Gas Compressors ....................................................................................... 25

6.1.6 Vessels ....................................................................................................... 26

6.1.7 Pumps ......................................................................................................... 26

6.1.8 Heat Exchangers ........................................................................................ 27

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6.1.9 Gas Air Coolers........................................................................................... 28

6.1.10 Flare Knockout Drums ................................................................................ 29

6.1.11 Fuel Gas Scrubbers .................................................................................... 29

6.1.12 Centrifuges and Filters ................................................................................ 29