Duration: 25 min Power Quality EEE4010 Dr. P.

Balamurugan

EEE4010 – Power Quality

Introduction & Definition

 Prerequisite
• Electric Circuits and Networks
• Power Electronics
• Linear Control Theory
 Applicable Industries
• ABB
• GE
• Statcon Energeia
• CESC
• NTPC
• NHPC
• All state electricity boards
• AAI
• Schneider Electric
• Siemens
 Basics of Electricity

Mathematical Representation of Voltages Time Domain Waveform

𝑣 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)
Peak Amplitude Phase
Frequency
Waveshape

𝑣𝑟𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡
𝑣𝑦𝑛 2𝜋
𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 − ൗ3)
𝑣𝑏𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 2𝜋ൗ3)
Conventional Power System
Modern Power System
 Nature of Loads

Nature of loads

Linear loads Nonlinear loads Critical Loads

Adjustable
Capacitiv Arc Fluorescent
Resistive Inductive SMPS speed drives
e furnaces lamps
(ASD)
 Single Line Diagram of Power System

Case 1: Linear Load Case 2: Nonlinear Load

XS XS

Load Load
~ vs ~ vs
Source current under various loads

Case 1

Resistive Load Inductive Load Capacitive Load

Case 2
 Power Quality - Definition
• It is defined as the voltage quality in a power system.
• The parameters are magnitude, frequency, phase angle, waveshape etc.
• Voltage magnitude – 1.0 p.u. in all phases.
• Frequency of supply voltage – 1.0 p.u.
• Phase angle between voltages – 1200 between adjacent phases.
• Waveshape – pure sinusoidal.
• The perception of power quality varies according to the scenario.
Course Objectives:

• To describe power quality characteristics as per IEEE/IEC standards

• To simulate and analyze overvoltage and transients in power systems
• To evaluate SAIDI/SAIFI and THD at customer site using PQ analyzer
• To conduct power quality survey at an Industrial/Datacenter/Hospital site
Course Outcomes:

On the completion of this course the student will be able to:

• Define and Describe power quality characteristics as per IEEE/IEC standards
• Simulate and Analyze voltage sag and interruption
• Differentiate overvoltage and Describe methods to reduce overvoltage
• Simulation & Analysis of harmonics & Design of filters for harmonic reduction
• Application of IEEE/IEC power quality standards for measurements and analysis
• Evaluate power quality at an Industry/Data Centre/Hospital and Develop solution
• Design a model to Evaluate power quality in grid integration of Microgrid
• Design & Measure power quality disturbances using Matlab/CYME and PQ analyser
Module 1: Introduction to PQ

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients -
short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained
interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage
fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer
Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.
Module 2: Undervoltage, Sag &
Interruption
Sources of sags and interruptions - Estimating Voltage Sag Performance -Fundamental
Principles of Protection -Solutions at the End-User Level-Evaluating the Economics of
Different Ride-Through Alternatives -Motor-Starting Sags, Utility System Fault-Clearing
Issues
Module 3: Overvoltages

Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching – lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of

voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection –
shielding - line arresters - protection of transformers and cables
Module 4: Harmonics

Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources. Power
system response characteristics - Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics - harmonic
distortion - voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – 2-9kHz
harmonics – Infraction harmonics
Module 5: PQ Standards &
Regulations
Standards - IEEE, IEC, ANSI, EN, UL, Limits and regulations on power quality in
transmission and distribution network
Module 6: PQ Monitoring & Survey

Monitoring Considerations - Historical Perspective of Power Quality Measuring Instruments-

Power Quality Measurement Equipment-Assessment of Power Quality Measurement Data-
Application of Intelligent Systems-Power Quality Monitoring Standards
Module 7: Harmonic Analysis Tools &
Case Study
VLT® Motion Control Tool MCT 31, Harmonic Calculation Software (HCS), PQ Box – Case
Studies and Reports on effect of diesel generators and renewables on power quality
parameters in a electrical network grid
 Our Sequence:

6
5
Case Studies
4
Mitigation
3
Harmonics & Techniques
2
Magnitude Case Study
1
Standards & Problems &
Introduction Regulations Case Study
to PQ
 Timeline:
• 10 – Project Title Freezing
August • 31 – Digital Assignment - 1

• 21 – Review 1
Sept

• 12 – Review 2
Oct • 22 – Digital Assignment - 2

• 30 – Final Review & Report Submission

Nov

• 7 – Comprehensive Quiz
Dec
 Module 1: Video Link

• Introduction to powerquality - YouTube