KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA LENGGONG

RGP 3133
Packaging Materials & Testing 2
(Jobsheet 05)

Tittle DETERMINATION OF GLOSS & HAZE OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID

PACKAGING MATERIALS

Group Members Name: Mohamad Amirul Anis Bin Ahmad Termidzi

Matrix Number: LG200189
IC Number: 990825-08-6351

Programme Diploma Technology Packaging and Design

Session Nov 2020 – Dis 2021
Semester Sem 3
Lecturer name Sir Mohamad Razif Bin Abdul Rashid
Submit date 29 NOV 2021
 Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA
Lenggong, Perak

JOB SHEET
PROGRAMME DPD
SESSION SEMESTER 3
RGP3133
CODE & COURSE Packaging Materials & Testing 2 SHEET NO JS05

LECTURER DURATION 6 Hours

DETERMINATION OF GLOSS & HAZE OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID

TOPIC
PACKAGING MATERIALS
SUB-TOPIC
TOPIC
At the end of the experiment, students should be able to:
LEARNING
1. Determine the gloss of packaging materials.
OUTCOME

Materials:
TOOLS / 1. Flexible plastics film, laminates and paper
EQUIPMENTS / Apparatus:
MATERIALS 1. Scissors
2. Glossmeter
DRAWING AND
DATA
This experiment is conducted according to ASTM D523 and ASTM
D2457. ASTM D523 test methods include the measurement of the
specular gloss of nonmetallic samples for geometries of 60, 20, and
85 degrees. The ASTM D2457 standard test method is used to
INSTRUCTION measure the gloss of solid plastics and plastic films (opaque and
transparent). There are four separate gloss angles, for example, use
60-degree for intermediate gloss films, 20-degree for high-gloss films,
45-degree for intermediate and low gloss films, and 75-degree for
plastic siding and soffit.

PROCEDURE
STEP KEY POINT

1. Preparation of test specimens 1. Specimens of flat surface were cut into

rectangular shape, size of 45 x 145mm.

1. A gloss meter which comprises of an

B. Determination of gloss of packaging
incandescent light source is directed at
material
the test surface at a specified incidence
PROCEDURE

STEP KEY POINT

angle.
2. The Glossmeter is set to the proper
angle, calibrated, then checked with the
standard supplied with the meter.
3. The measuring head which is adapted
to the angle of incidence (20 °, 60 °, 85
°) is placed on the material surface and
the gloss value can be read out at the
scale of the gloss meter.
4. The angle of measurement is
predetermined by the gloss of the sample
to be measured.
5. To choose the right gloss meter for your
application, you will need to evaluate
whether the surface you’re looking totest
is high gloss, medium (semi) gloss or low
gloss.
6. The angle of measurement is
predetermined by the gloss of the sample
to be measured.
7. Use the following guidelines to identify
the angle needed to obtain the most
accurate measurement:

Angle Material characteristics

20 ° high gloss coatings,
plastics, brightened metal
and similar materials
45 ° medium (semi) gloss
coatings, ceramics and
similar materials
60 ° medium (semi) gloss
coatings, plastics,
brightened metal and
similar materials
75 ° low gloss coatings, paper
and similar materials
85 ° low gloss coatings,
plastics, brightened metal
and similar materials
RESULT:

1. Record the gloss percentage for each measurement angle (20 °, 60 °, 85).
2. Compare the gloss reading for flexible plastics film, laminates and paper.

QUESTION/DISCUSSION:

1. Describe factors that could affect the glossiness of a packaging material.

CONCLUSION:
RESULT

Sample Material Angle Average

measurement 20.0 18.7 21.0 59.7
Sample A angle 20°

measurement 22.1 27..7 30.6 80.4

angle 60°

measurement 25.9 31.7 38.4 96.0

angle 85°

measurement 15.7 18.2 27.8 61.7

Sample B angle 20°

measurement 35.0 29.1 31.70 95.8

angle 60°

measurement 57.8 68.5 46.5 172.8

angle 85°
 measurement 6.1 4.1 10.2 20.4
Sample C angle 20°

measurement 8.5 8.5 17.7 34.7

angle 60°

measurement 9.0 10.6 23.7 43.3

angle 85°

measurement 4.7 4.1 4.0 12.8

Sample D angle 20°

measurement 3.8 2.1 2.3 8.2

angle 60°

measurement 2.6 1.9 1.7 6.2

angle 85°

measurement 92.3 94.0 82.7 269.0

Sample E angle 20°

measurement 55.9 70.8 74.8 201.5

angle 60°

measurement 26.4 39.6 26.0 92.0

angle 85°
 measurement 3.0 2.1 2.2 7.3
Sample F angle 20°

measurement 2.3 1.8 1.9 6.0

angle 60°

measurement 1.8 1.7 1.8 5.3

angle 85°

Unit : Gloss (GU)

Gloss : High Gloss : >70 GU

: Low Gloss :< 10 GU
: Medium Gloss : 10 – 70 GU

Sample A
angle 20° : Medium Gloss 59.7 GU
angle 60° : High Gloss 80.4 GU
angle 85° : High Gloss 96.0 GU

Sample B
angle 20° : Medium Gloss 61.7 GU
angle 60° : High Gloss 95.8 GU
angle 85° : High Gloss 172.8 GU

Sample C
angle 20° : Medium Gloss 20.4 GU
angle 60° : Medium Gloss 34.7 GU
angle 85° : Medium Gloss 43.3 GU
Sample D
angle 20° : Medium Gloss 12.8 GU
angle 60° : Low Gloss 8.2 GU
angle 85° : Low Gloss 6.2 GU

Sample E
angle 20° : High Gloss 269.0 GU
angle 60° : High Gloss 201.5 GU
angle 85° : High Gloss 92.0 GU

Sample F
angle 20° : Low Gloss 7.3 GU
angle 60° : Low Gloss 6.0 GU
angle 85° : Low Gloss 5.3 GU
QUESTION/DISCUSSION

PP material is no stranger to people. It can be said that PP material is involved in the

synthesis of most people's daily necessities. Then its important physical property-
gloss is also an important parameter of people's attention. This relatively abstract
concept can be quantified by using a glossmeter.

PP material is a chemically called polypropylene material, which can be processed

into various parts or product decoration and outer packaging. The appearance of PP
material is a transparent and colorless solid. It is colorless, odorless and non-toxic in
terms of chemical properties, so its applicability is quite wide.

PP materials have many physical properties and gloss is also an important parameter.
Gloss affects its beautification performance to a greater extent. People often use a
glossmeter to test to meet the basic requirements of outer packaging. Professionals
can also improve the gloss of PP materials by adding some brighteners.

Common PP materials on the market have high transparency and stability, but the
gloss is uneven. Generally speaking, the gloss performance of PP materials is
inseparable from the external and endogenous factors. We focus on the effects of
material temperature, mold cleanliness and processing procedures on the gloss of PP
materials. there are three factors that could affect the glossiness of a packaging
material.

The first factor is material temperature, PP materials need to go through a

considerable stage of manual process from raw materials to truly available finished
products. As the most primitive materials, we need to strictly control its temperature.
If the temperature of the material is too low, the gap between the pores of the material
does not meet the standard and the gloss will decrease..

second factor is Mold cleanliness, when we make PP material synthetics, molds are
inevitable based on the consideration of product shape and use. The cleanliness of
the mold is an external factor that affects the product gloss. Some molds that do not
meet the standard of cleanliness are likely to cause impurities to be incorporated into
the PP material and reduce the overall gloss. Moreover, too turbid raw materials will
also affect the final quality of PP finished products, which is not conducive to the
maximization of gloss and greatly affects the look and feel.

Processing procedures generally speaking is factor the more complicated the

processing procedure, the surface of the product made of PP material will tend to be
rough, that is, the gloss value will decrease. PP material has strong airtightness and
heat resistance, so people often process it as a plastic film, but its resistance and
cracking are also very strong. So it is necessary to pay attention to reducing the
grinding process as much as possible during the processing.

In the PP material processing industry, the glossmeter is an indispensable measuring

instrument. On the one hand, it provides technical staff with basic reference values for
brightening and modification; on the other hand, it can also implement self-test before
leaving the factory to further ensure the quality of the product.

The choice of glossmeter mainly depends on the accuracy of the instrument. The best
case is that the accuracy is as high as possible and the error is as small as possible.
However, there are many types of products in the processing industry and the gloss
difference is large, the measurement range is also a factor in consideration.

CONCLUSION:

This experiment is conducted according to ASTM D523 and ASTM D2457. ASTM
D523 test methods include the measurement of the specular gloss of nonmetallic
samples for geometries of 60, 20, and 85 degrees. The ASTM D2457 standard test
method is used to measure the gloss of solid plastics and plastic films (opaque and
transparent). There are four separate gloss angles, for example, use 60-degree for
intermediate gloss films, 20-degree for high-gloss films, 45-degree for intermediate
and low gloss films, and 75-degree for plastic siding and soffit.